Wastewater Reuse Tech Evolution Costs
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Transcript of Wastewater Reuse Tech Evolution Costs
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Wastewater recycle and reuse:
The need of the hour Workshop
Date: 18 April 2012,
Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India
Uday G. Kelkar, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE
NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan
Wastewater Recycle and Reuse
Technology Evolution and Costs
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Recycle and ReuseRecycle and Reuse
-- Balancing ActBalancing Act
Irrigation
Secondary
Treatment
Restricted
Urban Reuse
TertiaryFiltration
Industrial Non-Potable Reuse
Indirect
Potable Reuse
Direct
Potable or
High QualityProcess
Tertiary
membrane
Filtration
N&P Control
RO &
Disinfection
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Treatment AlternativesTreatment Alternatives
Agricultural Reuse
lowest water quality, lowest cost
Conventional Secondary Treatment- No N & P
Control
highest water loss, drainage water has low
quality
Unrestricted Urban ReuseTertiary Filtration required
Conventional
Membranes Ultra or Micro filtration
Disincection
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Unit Operations inUnit Operations in
Wastewater TreatmentWastewater TreatmentBiological
Aerobic
Process
Anaerobic
Process
Suspended
Growth
Attached
Growth
Activated
Sludge(ASP)
CSTR, Plug flow, Sequencing Batch reactor,
oxidation ditch, Orbal, Biolac, Cyclic ASP,Extended Aeration, aerobic/aerated lagoons
Trickling Filter and Trickling
filter with solids contact
system
SubmergedAttached
Growth
Rotating Biological
Contactors (RBC)
ASP with fixed film packing
Down flow attached growth process, upflow
submerged attached growth, fluidized bed
bioreactor, membrane separation aerobic process
Suspended
Growth
Attached
Growth
Anaerobic contact process, anaerobic sludge
blanket process-UASB, anaerobic baffled
reactor system,
Up-flow packed bed attached growth, and
expended bed reactors, anaerobic fluidized
bed reactors, anaerobic lagoons, membrane
separation anaerobic process
Combination of aerobic and anaerobic process are used in tertiary treatment for
the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater
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NJS Consultants Co. Ltd
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NJS Consultants Co. Ltd
Surface Water DischargeSurface Water Discharge
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Treatment AlternativesTreatment Alternatives
Industrial ReuseTertiary Filtration and point-of-use treatment
for higher water quality
Nitrogen and Phosphorus control required
like RO or EDR
Disinfection
Indirect Potable Reuse
Filtration, MF/UF with RO
Disinfection
Need nitrogen and phosphorus removal
Groundwater Recharge
Need nitrogen removal
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Technology selection criteriaTechnology selection criteria
Reliable (proven and established)Reliable (proven and established)
Recycled water quality and its consistencyRecycled water quality and its consistency
Wastewater generation from treatmentWastewater generation from treatment
processprocessOperator requirement / automationOperator requirement / automation
Space requirement (may not be important forSpace requirement (may not be important forindustrial areas due to appropriate allocationindustrial areas due to appropriate allocation
of land)of land)Capital cost, O&M cost (Lifecycle cost)Capital cost, O&M cost (Lifecycle cost)
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ProcessSelectionMatrix
D i M b P SiD i M b P Si
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Decreasing Membrane Pore SizeSelectively Retains DifferentSubstances
Decreasing Membrane Pore SizeSelectively Retains DifferentSubstances
D
ecreasing
PoreSize
Pure WaterPure Water
Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Nanofiltration Membrane
Ultrafiltration Membrane
Microfiltration Membrane
Suspended solids Proteins Salts Bactena SugarSuspended solids Proteins Salts Bactena Sugar
WaterWater
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Tertiary filtration systemsTertiary filtration systems
Raw
Wastewater
SecondaryEffluentActivatedSludge
WAS
Filters
Sand filters Membrane filters
Filtration size 40 microns 0.2 microns
Outlet solids 5 10 mg/L < 2 mg/L
Status in India Established Being considered
Alum dosage High Medium
STP outlet TP directly proportional to solids as
biological and chemical processes convert soluble P intoparticulate P.
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Recycle and Reuse
- Balancing Act
Irrigation
Secondary
Treatment
Restricted
Urban Reuse
TertiaryFiltration
Industrial Non-Potable Reuse
Indirect
Potable Reuse
Direct
Potable or
High QualityProcess
Tertiary
membrane
Filtration
N&P Control
RO &
Disinfection
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Dr Vinod Tare,
IIT Kanpur
April 24, 2010;IHC, New Delhi
Workshop onSewage Treatment and Sludge Management
Assessment of Technology for Sewage Treatment
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Performance in terms of quality of treated sewage
TSS, BOD, and COD
Total / Faecal Coliform Removal
DO in Effluent
Initial/Immediate Oxygen Demand
Nutrient Removal
Performance ReliabilityImpact of Effluent Discharge
Impact on Land
Impact on Surface Waters
Impact on Ground Waters
1: Tech 1 ; 2: Tech 1 ; 3: Tech 1 ; 4: Tech 1 ; 5: Tech 1 ; 6: Tech 1 ; 7: Tech 1 ; 8: Tech 1 ; 9: Tech 1 ; 10: Tech 1 ; 11:
Tech 1 ; 12: Tech 1 ; 13: Tech 1 ; 14: Tech 1 ; 15: Tech 1 ; 16: Tech 1 ; 17: Tech 1 ; 18: Tech 1 ; 19: Tech 1.
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Dr Vinod Tare,
IIT Kanpur
April 24, 2010;IHC, New Delhi
Workshop onSewage Treatment and Sludge Management
Assessment of Technology for Sewage Treatment
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Resource Generation
Manure / Soil Conditioner
Fuel
Electricity Generation
Food
Impact of STP
Impacts on Health of STP
Staff/Locals
Impacts on Surrounding
Building/Properties
Energy Requirement
Land Requirement
Capital Cost
Recurring CostReinvestment Cost
Level of Skill in O&M
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WSP (Unlined)
WSP (Lined)
FAL
TF (Plastic Media)
TF (Gravel, Slow Rate)
TF (Gravel, High Rate)
UASB + FPU
ASP
UASB + FAL + FPU
UASB + ASP
BIOFOR
ASP BIOFOR F
FAB
MBBR
SBR / CTECH
SAFF
MBR
ASP + C-F + RSF/DMF
SBR + C-F + RSF/DMF
Category I
Category II
Category III
Category IV
STPs Producing Recyclable Quality
Treatment Plant Footprint, m2 / MLD
0 2000 4000 6000 20000 25000 30000
Annunali
zedCost,Rs/kL
0
2
4
6
8
10
Annualized Cost of Treatment and Corresponding Land
Requirement for Various Treatment Technologies
Adapted from Dr. Tare, 2010
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Trends inTrends in Freshwater CostsFreshwater Costs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Lande
dCostofwatertoUtility(Rsperk
L)
Chennai
Delhi
Hyderabad
Bangalore
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Lande
dCostofwatertoUtility(Rsperk
L)
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Trends inTrends in Recycled Water CostRecycled Water Cost
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Lande
dCostofwatertoUtility(Rsperk
L)
Chennai
Delhi
Hyderabad
Bangalore
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Lande
dCostofwatertoUtility(Rsperk
L)
MBR + RO (Potable)
Tertiary treatment(All Non-potablescenario)
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Growth in Indirect Potable ReuseGrowth in Indirect Potable Reuse
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
1960 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
C
umulativeFlow,m
3/d
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Thank You!