WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW … 1.8_SAG_Dr.Wett_Water_0.pdfNEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND...

WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS

International Conference on “Integrated Resource Management in Asian cities: the urban Nexus” Visions, best practice, experience sharing

Bangkok, 24.-26. June 2013

Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH www.sag-ingenieure.de (englisch) [email protected]

Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur-GmbH Sachsen www.sag-sachsen.de [email protected]

sewers waste water treatment sludge treatment energy

GERMANY Ulm Heidenrod Karlsruhe Schramberg Wiesbaden Würzburg Dresden Hamburg AUSTRIA Graz

Süddeutsche Abwasserreinigungs-Ingenieur GmbH Consultant Engineers

Company: Founded 1911 ca. 95 employee

Main office: Ulm/Donau (next to Stuttgart)

Subsidiarys:

Competence: Consultants for environmental projects for local authorities and industry

CEO (Ulm): Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Benz

Schramberg Karlsruhe Troisdorf Wiesbaden Hamburg Würzburg Dresden (eigenständige GmbH) Gleisdorf

CEO (Dresden): Dr.-Ing. Martin Wett

SAG – 100 years of success

KA Graz, Österreich EW 500.000

KA Neuburg, 65.0000 EW

KA Baden-Baden EW 200.000

KA Ruhleben, Berliner Wasserbetriebe 1.600.000 EW

KA Heilbronn, EW 115.000


BERLIN 1.800.000 PE

FRANKFURT 580.000 PE

GRAZ 500.000 PE

SINDELFINGEN 260.000 PE

SINDELFINGEN 115.000 PE

NEUBURG 65.000 PE LIPPACH 45.000 PE

WALDMOHR 10.000 PE

BADEN-BADEN 200.000 PE GÜTENBACH 2.400 PE

Global water issue‘s

1. Why Do We Need To Change From Business As

Usual?

• global water issue

• need of paradigm shift in our water business

• appropriated process technologies

2. What Are The Decentralized Solutions

For Grey And Black Water treatment ?

Consequence growing waterscarcecy

Global water issue‘s

Challenge No.I

More and more people concentrate in small and urban areas

There comes a point when nature cannot meet the demands for water

Nature Can’t Satisfy Our Growing Demands

more people = more consumption of resources

Infrustructure can‘t cope

Challenge No.II

Existing centralized infrastructure

o must work harder as population densities increase

o tends to be old a fragile

o are focused on centralised solutions

Upgrading existing centralized infrastructure is

o expensive and costs twice: in + out

o disruptive in the busiest part of town

Central infrastructure makes water reuse complex and expensive

Challenge No. III

Many cities are located in seismically active regions

Conventional infrastructure, in particular gravity sewer,

are relatively fragile in seismic events and …..

… drainage is often the weak link in re-establishing normal operations after an earthquake

….. the recovery takes longer time,

which leads to intolerable hygienic conditions after natural disasters like earthquakes.

Infrustructure can‘t cope

recommended solution: close loops & think in decentralized concepts

Wastewater ....

.... has a value

.... should be treated and reused

.... is a most dependable source of water, nutrients, bio-solids and energy

City of the future – conceptual approach

Growing ressource demand


Waste water as a significant source of ...

N - itrogen

P - hosphorus

P - otassium

COD -

≈ 14 g/(E · d)

≈ 2 g/(E · d)

≈ 5 g/(E · d)

≈ 85 g/(E · d)

≈ 3 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 34 %

≈ 41 %

≈ 87 %

≈ 50 %

≈ 54 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 40 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 47 %

treated water - circle

use for fertilizer anaerobic digestion / composting

food cycle/sustainable energy generation

Grauwasser 25.000 - 100.000

l/(E·a)

yellow water ≈ 500 l/(E·a)

faeces ≈ 50 l/(E·a)

Soure: Otterpohl 2000, adapted and completed)

Pathogenic germs ++

+ +++++++ micropollutants +++++++ +

++

N - P -

-

-

≈ 14 g/(E · d)

≈ 2 g/(E · d)

≈ 5 g/(E · d)

≈ 85 g/(E · d)

≈ 3 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 34 %

≈ 41 %

≈ 87 %

≈ 50 %

≈ 54 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 40 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 47 %

-

Grauwasser 25.000 - 100.000

l/(E·a) ≈ 500 l/(E·a) ≈ 50 l/(E·a)

++ + +++++++

+++++++ + ++

-

P - -

-

≈ 14 g/(E · d)

≈ 2 g/(E · d)

≈ 5 g/(E · d)

≈ 85 g/(E · d)

≈ 3 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 34 %

≈ 41 %

≈ 87 %

≈ 50 %

≈ 54 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 10 %

≈ 40 %

≈ 12 %

≈ 47 %

grey water 25.000 - 100.000

l/(PE·a) ≈ 500 l/(E·a) ≈ 50 l/(E·a)

specific volume

++ + +++++++

+++++++ + ++

511 t/a

73 t/a

182 t/a

0,5-1,2 *106 m³ biogas/a

= CHP with 140-320 kWel. installed = output CHP equal to current consumption off 500 - 800german two person households

wwtp 100.000 PE theoretical nutrient recovery potential

Reuse of wastewater as our most dependable source of water, nutrients, bio-solids and energy

Yellowwater Brownwater Greywater Runoff Water

Urine Excrements and Washings

From shower, bathtub,

washbasin, dishwascher and

washing maschine

Rainwater, Snowmelt

Precipitation

Stripping

Absorption

Mechanical Treatment

Anaerobic Treatment

Biological Treatment

Hygenisation

Filtration

Adsorption

Fertilization Groundwater

Recharge Recovery of

Energy Production of

Humus

Service Water for Toilet Flushing,

Irrigation


Source: huber, adapted 2013

Rainwater

© Prof. Dr. Bischof, adapted

Onsite or nearby wastewater treatment: • reduced overall demand • increased system resilience

Onsite or nearby ressource recovery: • reduced load on local ressource supplies

LESS wastewater removed

LESS solid waste removed


Reclaimed wastewater and rainwater for amenity flow and groundwater recharge

LESS Energy brought in

Food & goods brought in

LESS Water brought in

water reuse solutions _________________

choice of process technology

Appropriated process approach ?

Do you really need sewers? No, you don´t. Save or reduce the expense! Treat your effluent on site!

Use this source of water and nutrients!

Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse is your better option. On-Site Solutions produce top-quality effluents, where you can reuse them for ...

Water Reuse Solutions – process technology


Utilisation opportunities ?


Innovative process technology of the choice ? Tech-nology effect

Environ-mental impact

effort note

UV o o o o Membrane-filtration UF + + - +

O3 o - o - Cl + - o o

Partial Flow Division o + o + Natural

o/- + o o

objective of water reuse technology appropriated purification and hygienisation UV, membrane filtration, partial flow divison and

natural process would be appropriated in dependence on use with respect to the predictability of hygienisation membrane filtration is the best processes of choice

In some cases, other technologies with lower predictability of the hygienisation and purification performance could be acceptable/wanted e.g. agricultural use

(listing of enhanced customary technology: applicable for grey and black water)

DECISSION PROCESS – TECHNOLOGY CHOICE

Question I: Do I really need C,N and P removal ?

Question II: Do I really need hygienisation

and if yes, which level of hygiene ?

membrane bioreactor (MBR)

Both systems use the same membrane material and working principle: Classification: Ultrafiltration (UF); Pore size nominal: 150 kDa, 38 nm Submerged systems with cross flow aeration or Dead-End-Pressurepipe

installation Membrane surface cleaning with scouring air (coarse bubbles) Operation at moderate pressure differences up to 500 mbar underpressure Separation of all particles, bacteria and virtually all germs

(separation size < 0.1 µm [0.1 microns]) = 1/1000 the size of human hair effluent: according EU bathing water quality


Membrane filtration process as: Membrane bioreactor (MBR) or Tertiary filtration process (TFP)

membrane plate membrane module function of an

ultrafiltration membrane

waste water

clean water

waste water

Decentralised Water Reuse

Solutions

_________________

use of grey water

as service water

2 3 1

Water Reuse Solutions – grey water

Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation) grey water = water from : showers, bathub, washbasin, dishwascher , washing maschine

Technology choice: MBR

MBR+ UV-stage

2

1

3


1

2

3 0

Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation)


Allow any system to be made more visually appealing !

Reuse of grey water as service water (toilet flushing, irrigation)

Hotels & Resorts

Universities & Schools Hospitals Offices

Apartment Blocks Shopping Malls

Expected Typical Installations

Golf Courses & Parks



Solutions

_________________

use of black water

as service water

Onsite sewage treatment systems and decentralized (i.e. cluster systems) wastewater treatment plants

Creation of recycled water for internal and irrigation reuse.

Complete systems including tanks and membrane and control unit available or for retrofitting only membrane and control unit

Water Reuse Solutions – black water

Small Size Solutions system for one houshold up to approx 500 PE

bigger sized concret tank solution prefabricated septic tank solution

Modular design concept allows system to be easily configured to suit each projects requirements.

Allows tighter nutrient reduction and in consequence higer effluent quality e.g. for water reuse

Small Size Solutions systems from 200 – 2,500 PE (25 - 750 m³/d)


WWTP housed in a Central Technical Room WWTP as ground basin concret tank solution WWTP as mobile prefabricated container solution

System with lower energy consumption thanks to e.g. unique air scouring design (up to 75% lower than competitors systems)

System A System B Difference

Qav = 140 m³/h 0.32 kWh/m³ 0.45 kWh/m³ 40%

Qmax = 220 m³/h 0.23 kWh/m³ 0.40 kWh/m³ 75%

Qmin = 30 m³/h 0.31 kWh/m³ 0.43 kWh/m³ 38%

Middlesized Solutions systems from 1,000 – 40,000 PE (200 – 10,000 m³/d)


Filtration chamber for Vacuum Rotation Membrane System

Mechanical Preatreatment as container solution


Solutions

_________________

black water for rural areas and specific applications

Pond Solutions

Do you need water and nutrients for your crops ?

Wastewater is your most reliable source of water and nutrients. You can close the loop.

Adapted and affordable Pond Solutions improves the efficiency and capacity of your wastewater lagoons. Reuse their nutrient-rich effluents for irrigation and watch your crops grow fast!


2

Partial biological waste water (ww) treatment remaining nutrients from ww are available as fertilizer in agricultural systems

Micro Screening

+ Lagoon/Pond

+ Membrane Unit

Pond Solution

= Hygienic Service Water

for Irrigation

1

3

Reuse of black water for irrigation and use of water nutrients as fertilizer

Water Reuse Solutions – black water with mbr

Micro-Screens at Lagoons for mechanical ww-treatment in the Middle East

Drip Irrigation with High-Quality Lagoon Effluent in the Middle East

Application in the Middle East Reuse of black water for irrigation and use of water nutrients as fertilizer

Water Reuse Solutions – black water with mbr

SAG Solutions

Best water quality on a tight budget ! You have a challenge: You must improve your water quality, but your funds are limited.

Our affordable and modular Solutions start with most cost effective mechanical/chemical wastewater treatment.

Then, step by step, as your funds permit, we further improve your water quality.

Water Reuse Solutions – black water without mbr

= Step by Step Upgrading

Fine Screening

+ Flocculation

+ Micro Screening

+ Trickling Filter

+ Mirco Straining

Tight budget solution

of the Wastewater Treatment

Examplified process technology realised within the step by step approach

One of many alternative process strategy to MBR !

Water Reuse Solutions – black water without mbr


Solutions

_________________

black / grey water innovative overal approaches

Water Reuse Solution – deus21 approach

System approach DEUS 21": DEcentralized Urban Infrastructure System

Source: Fraunhofer IGB


System approach Source: Fraunhofer IGB

equlisation tanc

settling tank

equilization tanc

wastewater from

households

excess sludge for disposal

biogas

anaerobic fermenter

(37°C)

membrane

anaerobic fermenter

(no heating)

excess sludge

membrane

effluent for irrigation

or nutrient recovery

anaerobic fermenter

vacuum station

operation building

membrane


System approach : separation of greywater, urine und faeces

Source: BWB demonstration project

financed by LIFEU

vacuum no-mix-toilet

0,7 – 2 l water/flush

Faeces (by vacuum) Urine

(by gravity)

Zweikammer-grube

Betriebsgebäude

Kompos-tierung

gereinigtes Wasser

Grob-filter

Boden-filter

Urin-tanks

Membran-bioreaktor

Biogas-anlage Bio-

abfall

Biogas

bewachsener Bodenfilter

9 Vakuum-trenntoiletten

1 Schwerkraft-trenntoilette

Vakuum-anlage

10 Schwerkraft-trenntoiletten

Dünger

Küche Küche

Dünger

Wohngebäude

Fäkalien

Grauwasser

Urin

Dünger

gereinigtesWasser

Zweikammer-grube

Betriebsgebäude

Kompos-tierung

gereinigtes Wasser

Grob-filter

Boden-filter

Urin-tanks

Membran-bioreaktor

Biogas-anlage Bio-

abfall

Biogas



9 Vakuum-trenntoiletten

1 Schwerkraft-trenntoilette

Vakuum-anlage

10 Schwerkraft-trenntoiletten

Dünger

Küche Küche

Dünger

Wohngebäude

Fäkalien

Grauwasser

Urin

Fäkalien

Grauwasser

Urin

Dünger

gereinigtesWasser

gravity no-mix-toilet

6 – 10 l water/flush

Ecosan approach


Solutions

_________________

YOUR decission process

what is your financial budget ?

which water cleaning technology is appropriated

which water ressources you have

(wastewater, rainwater, surface water) ?

which options are realistic to handle with your water

(how can you close loops ?)

which framework defines the urban planning (e.g. population

district growth, existing infrastrucutre)) which of your dutys

can / would you do decentralised (identify optimized sized subunits !)

You need a long term overal water strategy and the goodwill to turn around your strategy, to realise a paradigmen shift

City of the future – decission process

which water consumers you have

(households/industrie/ agricultural) ?

what are your socio-political aims and conditions ?

Source: löffler/siegel 2008, adapted

City of the future – decission process – factor costs

investment + operational costs annual costs

statistic average value,

(all wwtp, germany, 2007

costs per m³ sewage

size of wwtp in polulation equivalent

Important criteria whithin your decission making process: EFFICIENT USE OF YOUR MONETARY RESSOURCES !

Centralized Water Reuse

Solutions

_________________

technology trend

Global water issue‘s –centralised approach

secondary settlement tanc

activated sludge tanc

primary settlement tanc

Influent Qzu

effluent to river

wwtp – C+N+P removal

wwtp – waste-sludge-conversion into biogas

wwtp – biogas conversion

biogas waste sludge disposal

(incineration, agricultural, melioration)

heat electricity

process water

high energy demand (i.p. electricity demand for the aerobic nitrogen-removal)

need of big reactor volume

high chemical demand (i.p. polymer for dewatering and carbon-Source for process water treatment)

CURRENT STATUS CENTRALIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS - world-wide

...... no nutrient recovery

less usage of waste heat (chp)

dewatering digester

biogas-storage

CHP

no process technology for water reuse

less conversion of the organic fraction of the waste sludge in digesters no own electricity production

primary sludge

excess-sludge waste-sludge

coarse

heat

no contemporary sludge disposal concept

insufficient water purification as preperation for water reuse





Influent Qzu

effluent to river






heat electricity

process water

Optimized biological waste water purification technology: DEMON-process Patented system (Cyklar Stulz GmbH) using

specialized bacteria side stream (process water treatment) /

main stream treatment: energy saving approx. 60%

no external carbon source required minimized excess sludge production

Goal: crucial step to achieve

„Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP “

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON

dewatering





Influent Qzu

effluent to river






heat electricity

process water

Optimized biogas yield : Co-Digestion Adding co-substrates to the digester enhanced biogas yield enhanced

production of electricity / heat

Excess-Sludge Desintegration (LYSO-GEST) Ensure reduced retention time for digestion

(approx. 15 days) Reduced need of digester volume or ... ... further increase in gas production (app.

10%) improved phosphate and nitrogen recovery

Goal: „Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP“

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON

co-substrates (e.g. leftover foodstuff)

LYSO GEST

dewatering





Influent Qzu

effluent to river






heat electricity

process water

Optimized nutrient recovery technology: LYSO-PHOS - phosphate recovery in combination with e.s. desintegration phosphate recovery from the hydrolyzed

sludge beforde digestion (MAP) significant improvment of the mechanical

sludge dewatering significant reduction of sludge quantity for

disposal

MAP phosphate and nitrogen recovery

(partial flow: centrate from sludge dewatering)

Goal: „Enhanced and optimized nutrient recovery“

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON


LYSO GEST

MAP

map = magnesia-ammonia-phosphate

MAP

dewatering





Influent Qzu

effluent to river




biogas disposal

heat electricity

process water

Optimized sludge disposal technology: PYREG – SLUDGE MINERALIZATION sludge pyrolisation into coal significant reduction of sludge quantity for

disposal new disposal way beside agricultural and

incineration (off-side-solution) Goal: „reduction of sludge quantity as

onsite solution“

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON


LYSO GEST MAP

magnesia- ammonia- phosphate

MAP PYREG

heat

sanitized sludge ash

dewatering





Influent Qzu

effluent to river




biogas disposal

heat electricity

process water

Optimized off-heat conversion technology: CONVERTION OFF-HEAT FROM CHP INTO ELECTRICITY BY ORC (ORC = Organic Rankine Cycle) organic medium which evaporates already

below 80°C drives a turbine coupled with a generator

electrical efficiency 12-15 % significant increase of your electricity

production Goal: „Energy Self-Sufficient WWTP“

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON


LYSO GEST MAP


PYREG

heat


ORC electricity offside biogas use:

cars / biogasnet

dewatering

MAP





Influent Qzu




biogas disposal

heat electricity

process water

Water reuse technology: Tertiary membrane filtration stage Effluent in bathing water quality Alternative to tertiary filtration:

submerged membrane filtration (MBR) microsieves + uv + depot-chlorination ozon + chlorination

Goal: „water reuse“

digester

biogas-storage

CHP

primary sludge


coarse

heat

DEMON


LYSO GEST MAP


PYREG

heat


ORC electricity offside biogas use: cars / biogasnet

Water reuse in central irrigation network or in households

tertiary membran filtration

dewatering

MAP


Contemporary design of wwtp with the aid of 3D computer-aided-design-software


CONCLUSION

There is not only one process optimized and energy self-sufficient WWTP design

The intelligent choice and combination of different processes and techniques can contribute to convert a WWTP at least to an energy-efficient WWTP and ...

... to a reduction of operating costs / acceptable investment costs

Sludge treatment optimization plays a mayor role and frequently also reduces sludge disposal costs

The sewage sludge serves as energy source and as fertilizer source (phosphate, nitrogen) and ....

... waste water as a water ressource

THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST !

june 2013

Lets start using them.

Heat recovery from wastewater

4

2 1

5 3

3

(1) Sewer

(2) Manhole structure with a fully automatic Huber Screen with return of screenings to the sewer,

wastewater pump

(3) HUBER RoWin heat exchanger for wastewater

(4) Heat pump

(5) Energy storage


Office Tower Switzerland

The system yields 480kW of heating & 840kW of cooling and operates with

a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of approximately 5-6.


~100 Apartments - Germany



Source: Uhrig

(heat exchanger) (waste water sewer 12°C to 20°C)

(local heating network to 20°C)

(warm water) (heating)

(consumer)

(central heating)

(waste water treatment plant) (CHP) (heat pump)

(energy saver) boiler

385,200

535,000

96,300

53,500

23,000

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Ener

gy In

put [

kWh/

a]

Wastewater Heat Recovery Conventional

Hilfsenergie [kWh/a] Gas [kWh/a] Nutzenergie [kWh/a] Abwasserwärme [kWh/a]

72 % Umweltwärme aus Abwasser


14

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

CO2 -

Emis

sion

en [t

/a]

Wastewater Heat Recovery Conventional


City Water

consumption litre/capita/

day

Wastewater treatment

(%)

Azerbaijan 40 45

Lagos 45 no data

Karachi 132 10

Jakarta 162 16

Lima 108 4

Montevideo 173 34

New York 448 100

United Nations Human Settlement Programme / UN-Habitat, The Challenge of Slums, Global Report on Human Settlements, p 277, 2003

Water availability, consumption and treatment

Nature Can’t Satisfy Our Growing Demands

Water Pollution kills! Do you care?

Thousands of children are killed every day by water pollution. It could be your child and future.

Our adapted and affordable SafeDrink Solution produces clean drinking water from polluted surface water. Our technology is simple, robust, and easy to operate and maintain. It helps to save lifes.

SafeDrink Solution

Water Reuse Solutions – SafeDrink Solution

Simple and Affordable Production of Potable Water from Surface Water

Screening

+ Flocculation

+ Sedimentation

+ Sand Filtration

+ Disinfection

= Simple Solution + Easy Operation and Maintainance

SafeDrink Solution:

3

4 5

1

2

4

3

2

1

5


Simple and Affordable Production of Potable Water from Surface Water

Sandfilter in Sudan Clean potable water should not remain a luxury

Application in Sudan


Structures: Designed to withstand seismic events

Electricity: Standby generator or multiple

points of supply.

Water: Storage tanks (8 – 24 hours supply)

Wastewater: Typically nothing

Typical Emergency Provisions in Modern

Buildings


SeptageTreat Solutions

What can you do with septic sludge?

Soils lose humus through erosion. Septic sludge is a source of humus. Why don´t you use it ?

Our adapted and sustainable SeptageTreat Solution produces fertile bio-solids from your odorous septic sludge. Apply the product on your land and watch your crops grow fast.

Water Reuse Solutions – septage treatment

= Service Water for Irrigation

+ MBR for Process Water with VRM

Septic Sludge Treatment for Reuse

Screening

+ Dewatering

1

2

3

3

2 1

SeptageTreat Solutions


Screen and Grit Trap in Kuching, Malaysia Presses in Kuching, Malaysia

Application in Kuching, Malaysia


WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW … 1.8_SAG_Dr.Wett_Water_0.pdfNEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND...

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Transcript of WASTE WATER TREATMENT – NEW … 1.8_SAG_Dr.Wett_Water_0.pdfNEW APPROACHES FOR CENTRALIZED AND...