Waste management copy (2)
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Sources of Waste
PRESENTED BY ME
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What is waste?
• -Any material that is discarded and is no longer useful or any remains at the
end of a process
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3
Kinds of Wastes-
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing
industries and other sources
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4
Sources of Wastes
Households
Commerce and
Industry
Chemicals
Radio-active
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Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
Fisheries
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• Sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid material left from industrial wastewater, or sewage treatment processes.
• a hillock of waste matter from coal mining, etc: slag heap• are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable
fraction from the uneconomic fraction(tailing)• A slurry is a thin sloppy mud or cement
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Water - Impurities
Air - CO, CO2, SO2,
dust, etc.,
Land - Waste from Agriculture , sewage, etc., Food - Adulterants
Disposed plastics
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• The pneumonic plaque that broke out in November 1994 in India is a typical example of solid waste mismanagement.
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Non-degradable or persistent in nature;
Biologically modified;Highly toxic and even lethal at low concentration;Create danger to the living
community, immediately or over a period of time
& are hazardous
Effect of Waste
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Domestic waste
Wastes generated due to domestic activities
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, wood, glass, metals, ashes, .bottles ,cotton, rags or any kitchen waste
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INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Examples:• Chemicals, paints , sand
paper or any industrial by-products
.Sulphur dioxide ,nitrogen dioxide emissions cause health hazards
These are waste from various industries (small or large scale)
These waste are considered useless during a manufacturing process
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Source
Some mining process . Large volumes of chemicals and liquids. Leaching of metals add metal content into rivers ground water etc
Waste generated during mining & excavation operations. These are toxic & hazardous
Mining
Dust emitted is a health hazard
Produce coarse and fine particles
cement
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, pipes, rubble, bricks etc.
Sulphur compounds &hydro carbons
Waste generation due to demolition of buildings.
waste generated from petrochemical plant & refineries
Construction and Demolition
Oil refineries
Different industries and waste products
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Chemical wastes• Extensive use of chemicals for
industrial and agricultural purposes .• Detergents, Fertilizers, Toxic metals
in industrial waste and Soil based technology are the main source.
• Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, lead, Arsenic and Barium are some of the toxic pollutants
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Types of solid wastes The three general types are Municipal or urban wastes
Industrial wastes
Hazardous wastes
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15
Municipal waste
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)
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Agricultural waste
Field residue
• Materials left in an agricultural field after the crops are harvested
• Examples• Wheat,barley stalks from
corn etc
Process residue
• Materials left after the crops are being processed into some useful products.
• Examples• Bagasse : left over after
the cane is crushed , molasses, seeds
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Bio medical waste
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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
• treatment • diagnosis ( process of
attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder) or
• immunization( process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine)
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Bio-medical wastes include
• Needles , syringes , pathological wastes ( blood , body fluids ,body parts etc)
• Waste form surgery or autopsy (An autopsy—also known as a postmortem examination)
• Discarded medical instruments
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Why great care should be taken while disposing bio- medical waste?
• If the bio-medical wastes are not properly managed and disposed off, they can lead to further spread of the diseases.
• The disease risk from these wastes increases also the risks of chemical pollution increases.
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PRECAUTIONS:
• • All the disposable items
other than waste sharps(device used to puncture the skin), saline bottles, I-V (intra venous) fluid bottles(used for the infusion of liquid substances directly into a vein). etc. shall be punctured before being sent for treatment.
•
• Bio-medical Waste must be kept in segregated storage in coloured plastic bags with mouths securely tied and
• transfer it to the central intermediate storage room located in a convenient position of the health care unit.
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nuclear wastes
• It is a waste generated by the nuclear energy industry and include substances which are used in cooling & storing nuclear fuels
• The radiations from radioactive substances –prolonged exposure results in damage to the living organisms and they contaminate air, water and land.
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Nuclear waste storage
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Nuclear fuel process
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Nuclear fuel
What is it?
• (Nuclear fuel is a material that can be 'consumed' by nuclear fission( nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts) or fusion to derive nuclear energy. The most common are uranium-235 (235U) and plutonium-239)
Radio active elements
Uranium 235
Plutonium 239
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• What are the
sources of nuclear
waste?
• The leakage of nuclear
radiations from nuclear
reactors & nuclear
research laboratories is
a significant source of
nuclear waste .
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How is it harmful ?• It is harmful as it percolates down through
the soil into groundwater reservoirs or is carried into streams and rivers
• Radiation emissions are extremely harmful/injurious
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Why there is a need to handle radio-active waste
carefully? • Nuclear wastes must be handled properly as these radiations when emitted remain may prove to be dangerous for thousands of years.
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