Wasre Management

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MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM: Indian scenario

- Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% perannum

- With urban population increasing between 3 3.5%

per annum- Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%

annually

- India produces more than 42.0 million tons of

municipal solid waste annually.- Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to

600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.


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CATEGORIES OF WASTE DISPOSAL

1. DILUTE ANDDISPERSE

(ATTENUATION)

Throw it in the river/ lake / sea

Burn it

Basically this involves spreading trash thinlyover a large area to minimize its impact

Works for sewage, some waste chemicals,when land-disposal is not available

Plastic in Pacific
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxNqzAHGXvs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxNqzAHGXvs&feature=related


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2. CONCENTRATEAND CONTAIN

(ISOLATION)

Waste dumps,landfills

Historically, thats how most of the solidwaste gets treated


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Impacts of waste. Activities that have altered the chemical composition of the

atmosphere:

- Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), andnitrous oxide (N

2

0).

- C02is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, woodand wood products, and solid waste.

- CH4is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills,the raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal,

natural gas, and oil.

- N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well asduring combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the USemitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs.


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Impacts of waste on health

Nausea and vomiting

Increase in hospitalization of diabetic residents livingnear hazard waste sites.

Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high levels ofmercury.


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Impacts of waste on health

Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation

Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water runoff

resulting in floodLow birth weight

Cancer

Congenital malformations

Neurological disease


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Effects of waste on animals and

aquatics life Increase in mercury level in fish due to disposal of

mercury in the rivers.

Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds. Resulted in high algal population in rivers and sea.

Degrades water and soil quality.


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Impacts of waste on EnvironmentWaste breaks down in landfills to form methane, a

potent greenhouse gas

Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer dueto waste biodegradable

Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal dumping,Leaching: is a process by which solid waste enter soil

and ground water and contaminating them.


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SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURES

Exposures occurs through

Ingestion of contaminated water or food

Contact with disease vectors Inhalation

Dermal


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Waste hierarchyWaste hierarchy refers to 3 RsReduce, Reuse, Recycle


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Waste Minimizing solid waste

Minimizing packaging

Recyclable

Paper, plastics, metals, glass, wood

Reusable ?

Textiles, leather, rubber, metals, wood

Compostable

Yard trimmings, food scraps (vegetable)


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By recycling almost 8 million tons of metals (which includes aluminum, steel,and mixed metals), we eliminated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions totaling

more than 26 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2E). Thisis equivalent to removing more than 5 million cars from the road for one year.


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Useful options Resource recovery

Composting

Vermicomposting

Energy recovery

Incineration

Pyrolysis Gasification

Bio-methanation oranaerobic digestion


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE Reduce Waste

- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy toduplex all draft reports and by making training manuals andpersonnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material whilemaintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packagingreturn program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchase products in bulk.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONEReuse

- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interofficeenvelopes, file folders, and paper.

- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, andglasses.

- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather thanpurchase new ones.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONEDonate/Exchange

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organizations


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What you Can do

Step 1
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Step 2
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Step 3
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Step 4
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Step 5
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Step 6
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Step 7
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Step 8
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Wasre Management

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