Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

A Capital CitySchedule for the Day6:55 AM Arrive at school7:00 Attendance check7:10 Board buses7:15 Leave Hummelstown9:45 Arrive at Air & Space Museum at Herndon, Virginia10:00 11:30 Visit Air & Space Museum11:30 Board buses11:30 12:15 Travel to Washington (eat lunches on the bus)

2Map of Washington

Washington, DC National Mall

National Mall from Above

Smithsonian Area of National Mall

History of the City

Native AmericansPiscataway Indians lived in the Washington, D.C. area before white settlers arrived in the late 1600s.

FarmingMany of the early settlers of the Washington, D.C. area were farmers.

Design of the CityGeorge Washington chose the exact spot along the Potomac River where the new city was to be built.

He chose engineer Pierre LEnfant, a Frenchman who fought with the American colonists during the Revolutionary War, to design the city.

LEnfant wanted to build a magnificent city for a great nation.The city planners thought his plans were too fancy, and he was spending too much money.The city planners fired LEnfant for being too difficult to work with. He took his plans and went back to France.

Benjamin Bannecker was LEnfants assistant. He was able to draw the plans from memory, create a map, and design the new city.There are many open-air spaces in the city.The main streets come out from the Capitol Building. The three most important avenues are Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania Avenues because of the role those states played in the formation of our country.

District of ColumbiaIn the late 1700s, the United States government was shifted from Philadelphia to New York and then to Princeton, New Jersey.

Congress couldnt decide on where the permanent home for our nations government should be.

Selecting the Site for the Capital

The North wanted the capital in the north.

The South wanted the capital in the south.

Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York agreed on a compromise.

Thomas JeffersonAlexander HamiltonThe North would agree to the capital in the South if the government would pay for the Norths large Revolutionary War debt.In return, the North would not object to the South having slavery.

Maryland and Virginia each gave the government land along the Potomac River for the capital.

The land would not be part of either state.

Naming the CapitalCongress named the area the District of Columbia, in honor of Christopher ColumbusThe people called it Washington, in honor of the countrys first president.Today the city is called Washington, District of Columbia, or D.C.

What will we see in Washington?There are many government buildings, monuments, and museums to see during your visit.

The GovernmentLegislative Branch The Capitol Building where laws are madeExecutive Branch - The President lives in the White House He enforces the lawsJudicial Branch Supreme Court Judges the laws

U.S. CapitolThe White HouseSupreme Court National Archives and Records

The original Declaration of IndependenceThe original ConstitutionThe original Bill of RightsLetters written by George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and other important documents

Absolutely no pictures may be taken!

Monuments and Memorials

There are many monuments and memorials to be seen as you travel around Washington.

Keep your eyes open to spot many of these tributes to famous Americans and to Wars fought by our country.The Washington Monument555 feet 5 1/8 tallTallest masonry (stone, brick, or concrete) structure on earthWashingtons only skyscraperBegun in 1848Construction stopped in 1860 when money ran out898 stepsToday, everyone must ride the elevator up, but you can take a tour walking down

The Lincoln MemorialHonors the man called our greatest President

Outside, at the top are two rows of state names. The lower row contains the names of the 36 states in the Union at the time of Lincolns death. The upper row contains the names of the 48 states in 1922, the year the Memorial was completed.

The Jefferson MemorialHonors Thomas Jefferson, third President of the USJefferson wrote the Declaration of IndependenceBuilt on the Tidal BasinSurrounded by cherry trees which were a gift from the Japanese

Korean War Memorial

Next to the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool on the left as you head toward the Lincoln Memorial164 ft memorial wall that includes the statement Freedom is not Free, and a column of sculptured soldiers going into battleThe memorial wall includes 2,500 etched pictures of people who fought in the warNational World War II MemorialLocated between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln MemorialHonors 16 million who served in WWIIIncludes 43 archesIncludes a 17 foot pillar for each state and territory from that periodIncludes more than 4000 stars honoring the more than 400,000 who diedA series of bronze sculpture panels depicts Americans at war, at home, and overseas

Viet Nam Veterans MemorialV shaped black granite wall inscribed with the names of the more than 58,209 Americans missing or killed in actionThere is also a life sized sculpture depicting three young servicemenAnother sculpture honors the nurses who served during the war

FDR MemorialShows events from the 12 years of FDRs presidency in outdoor gallery roomsThe rooms have bronze sculptures showing President Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, and events from his PresidencyIncludes waterfalls, quiet pools, and a wall made from Dakota granite with FDRs words inscribed on itWe have nothing to fear but fear itself.

The Smithsonian InstituteKnown as the Worlds Treasure ChestIncludes many buildings located all over WashingtonMain museums are located on the Mall area between the US Capital and the Washington MonumentThis building is called The Castle. It was the first building of the Smithsonian, and the easiest to find because of its unusual design and color

The Smithsonian - Founded by James Smithson(1765 1829)English scientist who devoted his life to researchNever visited the United States, but in his will he left everything to create a place where knowledge could be increased and shared.He left his fortune, a huge collection of minerals, and his entire scientific library to help create the new museum.Mr. Smithson is buried in a crypt is this building.

National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy CenterLocated in Chantilly, VirginiaDisplays more than 150 aircraft and 148 large space artifacts too big to be displayed on the Mall in DCIncludes a 10 story aviation hangar, an 80 foot high Space Hangar, flight simulators, IMAX theater, and an observation towerHighlights include: Fastest jet ever builtAn Air France ConcordeEnola Gay plane that dropped the atomic bombs during WWII

National Air & Space Museum National MallOpened in 1976Most visited museum in the worldTells the story of flight from the earliest days of balloon flight, to the sands of Kitty Hawk, to space explorationContains only 10% of the aviation and space collection

National Air & Space Museum National Mall1st Floor

Missile PitRocketry Space FlightHow Things FlyEarly FlightJet AviationFlight SimulatorsExploring the MoonNational Air & Space Museum National Mall2nd Floor

Apollo to the MoonWright BrothersPioneers of FlightExploring the PlanetsGreat War in the AirWW II AviationSea Air OperationsTreasures of American HistoryMuseum of Natural History

Museum of Natural History

Holds 126 million specimensDisplays of animals, plants, fossils, rocks, minerals, and cultural artifactsOpened in 1910Total area of the museum is more than 18 football fieldsMuseum of Natural History 1st Floor

Discovery Room includes activities with real museum objects and hands-on activitiesMammals 274 mammals in a variety of environments, from polar to desert, and from dry to humid. It tells the story of mammal evolution. View the world as a jaguar hunting at night in South America.Dinosaurs gigantic fossilized bones of dinosaurs from 230 million years agoIce Age Mammals See fossilized skeletons, including saber-toothed cats, wooly mammoths, and mastadons.Museum of Natural History 2nd Floor

Geology, Gems and Minerals The Hope DiamondPlate Tectonic Gallery where you can create your own earthquakeBones Check out the animal skeletonsThe Reptile HallInsect Zoo view tarantula feeding demonstrations, touch a Madagascar hissing cockroach, and see many other insects.National Museum of American History

National Museum of American HistorySee many interesting artifacts from American History. Examples include:

President Lincolns top hatKermit the FrogGeorge Washingtons uniform and tentGarth Brooks hat and guitarFirst Ladies dressesJulia Childs kitchenStar Spangled Banner used when our National Anthem was writtenSkeleton of the racehorse Lexington the most famous horse in the 19th century setting the world speed record Toys used by children of the Presidents

Reminders for the Trip On the BusSpeak in conversational tones Face forward at all timesVolume on electronics is to remain offRemain in your seat at all timesRest room facilities are to be used for emergencies avoid an odoriferous busPick up all trash and dispose of it in garbage bagsKeep feet out of the aisleNo signaling trucks to honk It is too distracting to the driver

Reminders for the Trip In the Museums and the City

Always stay with your chaperoneTravel in groups to the rest roomsDo NOT touch any museum exhibits

Be careful stepping off of the curbs; traffic whizzes by very quickly.See as much as you can. It is the chance of a lifetime.

Additional Reminders for the Trip In the Museums and the City

Avoid wading in the Fountains and Reflecting Pools Avoid people trying to give you things or give you objects do not give eye contact Avoid purchasing souvenirs from street vendors You may observe homeless individuals Avoid feeding the animals Keep track of your belongings Stay with your chaperone!!!Washington, DC Trip Dinner at Union Station

Dinner will be eaten at Union StationWorking train and subway stationSeveral floorsFood Court on bottom floor many international food choicesMcDonalds is on the first floor below us when we come inStay with your chaperoneRemember all of your belongings when you leaveWashington, DC TripBe respectful of your chaperone without them you would not be able to make this tripWear comfortable clothing and shoesBe prepared to spend your day walkingCell phone policyRemember you represent Hummelstown Elementary School in our nations capitalLearn something new on this tripHave fun there is so much to see

47Schedule for the Day6:55 AM Arrive at school7:00 Attendance check7:10 Board buses7:15 Leave Hummelstown9:45 Arrive at Air & Space Museum at Herndon, Virginia10:00 11:30 Visit Air & Space Museum11:30 Board buses11:30 12:15 Travel to Washington (eat lunches on the bus)

12:15 4:45** Visit Smithsonian, National Archives, and Memorials4:45 Final attendance check at flagpole at Viet Nam Memorial5:00 Board buses at Lincoln Memorial5:30 6:30 Dinner at Union Station6:35 Board buses (Attendance check)6:45 Leave for Hummelstown9:15 9:30 Arrive back at Nye** Optional: Air & Space Museum on Mall & National Archives, Martin Luther King Memorial** Required Natural History, American History, Washington Monument, WW II, Korean , Lincoln, Viet Nam2