WASH Response to Urban Floods UF2
Transcript of WASH Response to Urban Floods UF2
WASH Response to Urban
Floods
Session 3
Plan and Response to Urban Floods
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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF
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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF
Session overview
Session objectives and overview of activities 5 mins
Stakeholders in the response 20 mins
WASH technical solutions in an urban flood setting 60 mins
Questions & feedback 5 mins
Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008 20 mins
Good practices in an urban flood setting 20 mins
Group activity – WASH response matrix 45 mins
Questions and feedback 5
Total time 3 hrs
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Stakeholders in planning for the WASH
response in an urban floods setting
Identify key
stakeholders in
planning the WASH
response?
Role of each group
in planning for the
response?
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Hygiene Promotion – considerations in
an urban flood setting
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• Additional items may be included in the non-food item
(NFI) / hygiene kits e.g. impregnated mosquito nets,
oral rehydration salts *
• Additional messages for communication efforts:
Management of diarrhoea, malaria, urinary infection
Operation and maintenance of facilities given high
groundwater levels
Hygienic waste disposal - avoiding drainage systems
and waterways becoming blocked with waste
• Specific targeting of different groups, distinguishing
between those residing in camps and those in dwellings* Approach to managing diarrhoea to be agreed with MoH and Health Cluster
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Water supply – basic repairs to water
treatment works (WTWs)
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• Inform the WASH Cluster /
sector agencies
• Acquire resources
• Start clearing the mud and
evacuating stagnant water
• Repair the electrical system
• Repair or replace damaged
pumps and valves
• Repair the water treatment
tanks and reservoirs
• Provide chemical reagents
and treatment agents
• Repair the pipes
Source: Branched distribution network (WEDC)
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Water supply – restart of machinery
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1. Switch on power and verify
electrical functioning
2. Check functioning of each
pump or group of pumps
3. Set in motion the water
treatment process
4. Measure the flow and dosage of
the treatment chemicals
5. Perform the ‘Jar test’
6. Measure the turbidity of water
7. Check residence time in each
treatment stage
8. Check water quality
Turbidity: should not exceed 2 NTU
pH: between 6.8 and 7.2 to alloweffective chlorination.
Microbial contamination: 0 thermotolerant coliforms per100 ml.
Residual aluminium: <0.5mgper litre.
Heavy metals and organicpollutants: Refer to ‘WHOguidelines for Water Quality’,(WHO, 2006).
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Exercise – identify excreta disposal
options suitable for immediate response
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1. Pit latrines
2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets
3. Pour-flush toilets
4. Storage tank latrines
5. Packet latrines
6. Bucket latrines
7. Floating latrines
8. Rapid kit (type) latrines
9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets
10. Repair existing excreta disposal facilities
11. Temporary latrine structures installed directly over the
sewer inspection covers
12. Overhung latrines
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Excreta disposal - immediate measures
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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF
1. Pit latrines
2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets
3. Pour-flush toilets
4. Storage tank latrines
5. Packet latrines
6. Bucket latrines
7. Floating latrines
8. Rapid kit (type) latrines
9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets
10. Repair existing excreta disposal facilities
11. Temporary latrine structures installed directly over
the sewer inspection covers
12. Overhung latrines
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Excreta disposal – lesson learned
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Source: ACF
A floating latrine
in an urban
flooded city of
Borneo:
A coping
mechanism with
poor public health
implications
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Vector control – immediate measures
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Response options:
• Chemical vector control
• Environmental sanitation measures
• Personnel protection measures
Vector Disease/ConditionMosquitoes Dengue, Malaria, Yellow Fever,
Fever, Filariasis, etc.Rats Leptospirosis, Hanta virus, Bubonic
plague, Typhus, etc.
Flies &Cockroaches
Diarrhoeal diseases
Ticks, Fleas,Lice
Typhus
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Rapid Emergency Needs Assessment 13
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Gonaïves floods: First response
• Deployment of heavy
bulldozers (D9-D10) and
trucks to remove mud
and gain access to the
city
• Water trucking to
provide emergency
supply
• US Coast Guard airlifts
water, hygiene kits, food
and shelter
Source: The Boston Globe
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Gonaïves floods: Examples of
appropriate WASH response
• Installation of 2Km
flexible pipeline
equipped with 15 tap
stands
• Distribution of POU
filtering kits
• Utilisation of urban
population density to
support more efficent
water distribution
schemes
A standpipe installation supplying about 1000 inhabitants
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Gonaïves floods: Examples of
appropriate WASH response cont.
• Collaboration with
Government and other
stakeholders to
broadcast hygiene
messages via radio
• Distribution of packet
latrines for those
remaining in their homes
• WASH Cluster used as a
forum for solving WASH
technical problems Source: Waves of Change: Haiti Community Radio
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Good practice – be innovative
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Source: Dhaka Ahsania Mission
A Chulli Water Purifier, local technology in Bangladesh
Source: ALNAP, 2009
Registering a beneficiary with a handheld device
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Good practice – creative partnerships
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• Between agencies including NGOs and
government agencies (national and
international)
• With the private sector (national and
international)
• Between donors and implementers
• With local communities and CBOs
• With researchers and academics
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Good practice – use of local materials
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Prioritise use of local
materials, similar to
those used previously, to
repair and rehabilitate
infrastructure.
With replacements, use
similar locally-available
parts e.g. electrical
devices, pumps, valves,
and pipelines, wherever
possible.
Source: Oxfam
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Good practice – community mobilisation
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Consider community
mobilisation for post-flood
clean up:
• Blocked urban drainage
systems
• Accumulation of mud and
flood related debris in the
streets
• Flooded homes containing
silt and flood-related
debris
• Disposal of destroyed
household possessions
Source: ACF
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Good practice – disaster risk reduction
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In areas at risk of
recurrent flood
emergencies, it is
important to
incorporate DRR
activities into the
response
Source: ACF
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Good practice – water source protection
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Water source
protection e.g.
raising
hand‐pumps may
be more
cost‐effective
than providing
additional
supplies
Source: ACF
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Cross-cutting issues – good practice
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Specific targeting and
tailoring the response
to different groups
affected by the floods
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Key Learning Points• Importance of coordination and partnership building
with local authorities, water boards and suppliers
• Interventions should focus on getting municipal supplies
operating as quickly as possible
• There are a range of immediate short term WASH
solutions appropriate in an urban flood setting
• The response should be tailored for different groups
affected differently by the flood
• Main problems often ‘software’ rather than ‘hardware’
• Emergency preparedness is an essential consideration in
urban contexts.
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