WASH in Schools The Parma Ministerial Declaration for WASH in schools in EECCA region

WASH in Schools

The Parma Ministerial Declaration for WASH in schools in EECCA region

WASH in Schools

The Parma Ministerial Declaration for WASH in schools in EECCA region

Sascha Gabizon, Executive Director, WECFSascha Gabizon, Executive Director, WECFMargriet Samwel, Coordinator Water Programme, WECFMargriet Samwel, Coordinator Water Programme, WECF

Content:Content:

• Sanitation in EECCA regionSanitation in EECCA region

• Parma Ministerial DeclarationParma Ministerial Declaration

• Lessons from 10-country School Lessons from 10-country School Sanitation programSanitation program

• Ideas for implementing Parma Ideas for implementing Parma declarationdeclaration

Ukraine

ArmeniaUzbekistan

est. 30 million people do not have safe sanitation in EU alone, how many in EECCA?

est. 30 million people do not have safe sanitation in EU alone, how many in EECCA?

School toilets rural areas:• Far away, smelly, insects• Covered in excreta• No hand-washing• No privacy, no waste-bins• Groundwater pollution

Current Situation School Sanitation in EECCA region

Current Situation School Sanitation in EECCA region

•Many schools build without toilets

•Hardware often unsustainable

•Software not provided

“shit smeared over the walls”

“cleaning materials ‘reused’”

“girls harassed on way to toilet”

“girls ‘keep it up’ all day”

“blather/urinary track infections”

Parma Declaration on Environment and Health


Ministerial declaration endorsed by 53 Member States attending the 5th Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in Parma, Italy on 10-12 March 2010.

Consist of: 1) Ministerial Declaration and 2) Commitment to Act

http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/78608/E93618.pdf



Through the declaration the participating governments agreed to implement national programmes to provide equal opportunities to each child by 2020 by ensuring access to safe water and sanitation, opportunities for physical activity and a healthy diet, improved air quality and an environment free of toxic chemicals

Parma Ministerial DeclarationParma Ministerial Declaration

3.We are committed to act on the key environment and health challenges of our time. These include:(b)the health risks to children and other vulnerable groups posed by poor environmental, working and living conditions (especially the lack of water and sanitation)


4.We will address these challenges by setting up or strengthening existing mechanisms or structures that can ensure effective implementation, promote local actions and ensure active participation


5.We will intensify efforts to develop, improve and implement health and environmental legislation


5.We will intensify efforts to develop, improve and implement health and environmental legislation

6.We will ensure that youth participation is facilitated


8. We encourage international stakeholders, including international financial institutions, and the European Commission to offer further scientific, political, technical and financial assistance


10.We endorse and will implement the „Commitment to act“ and the goals and targets included therein. That document is an integral part of this Declaration.

Parma Commitment to ActParma Commitment to ActA. Protecting children’s health

1.We reconfirm our commitment to prioritized actions under the regional priority goals (RPGs) in the Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE) as indicated below. We will strive to attain the targets in the RPGs as set out below. Regional Priority Goal 1: Ensuring public health by improving access to safe water and sanitation

Parma Commitment to ActParma Commitment to ActA. Protecting children’s health

1. ii.We will strive to provide each child with access to safe water and sanitation in homes, child care centres, kindergartens, schools, health care institutions and public recreational water settings by 2020, and to revitalize hygiene practices.

Lessons Learned from 10-country WECF sanitation program

Lessons Learned from 10-country WECF sanitation program

“Soviets made pit latrines obligatory in the 1930s - in some cases punished with prison”

50 sustainable school toilet-buildings in 10 countries since 2003

50 sustainable school toilet-buildings in 10 countries since 2003

• 16.000 pupils and teachers using WECF school-toilets• Total direct cost per user: 37 euro (average)

All 50 school toilet buildings use Dry Urine Diversion Systems

All 50 school toilet buildings use Dry Urine Diversion Systems

Because in target villages:• No central water supply to flush• No central sewage system

Benefits:• More hygienic• No smell - can be indoor (climate!)• Reuse of nutrients• Drinking water source protection

Best Practices HardwareBest Practices Hardware

• IndoorIndoor toilets where-ever possible toilets where-ever possible

•• SeparateSeparate rooms for boys and girls rooms for boys and girls • SpecialSpecial teenageteenage girlsgirls facilities (depends on facilities (depends on

culture) for girls during menstruation periodculture) for girls during menstruation period

•• PrivacyPrivacy: doors can be closed/locked: doors can be closed/locked• SquattingSquatting slaps - not sitting seats (hygiene) slaps - not sitting seats (hygiene)

•• Proper Proper smell preventionsmell prevention

•• Hand washHand wash basin and simple grey water treatment basin and simple grey water treatment

•• High quality material for long term sustainabilityHigh quality material for long term sustainability• Big urine tanks for 6 months storage time (hygiene)Big urine tanks for 6 months storage time (hygiene)

•• Footprint near the squatting slab so children know Footprint near the squatting slab so children know where to stand.where to stand.

First outdoor UDD school Toilet for 200 pupils in Romania : 8 years in

use, total cost € 6000

First outdoor UDD school Toilet for 200 pupils in Romania : 8 years in

use, total cost € 6000

Trainings

Construction

Urine storage

First indoor school toilet for 350 pupils + teachers in Armenia: €20,000

First indoor school toilet for 350 pupils + teachers in Armenia: €20,000

Waterless urinals at different heights Urine storage

tanks in the basement

Squatting toilet with urine diversion

Built by AWHHW, Quelque Chose architects and TUHH

Wash basins and the toilet care-taker

More best practices + smell preventionMore best practices + smell prevention

More best practices + re-useMore best practices + re-use

Best Practices ‘Software’Best Practices ‘Software’

• Agree in advance on Agree in advance on responsibilitiesresponsibilities and financial and financial contribution of the schoolcontribution of the school

• Employing a “Employing a “care-takercare-taker” is key” is key• Obtain in advanceObtain in advance approvals approvals needed (authorities needed (authorities

for education, architecture, health, environment, for education, architecture, health, environment, emergency/utilities, fire, electricity)emergency/utilities, fire, electricity)

• Hygiene educationHygiene education (PHAST*) for pupils, teachers (PHAST*) for pupils, teachers and parentsand parents

• Usage, operation and maintenance of facilities Usage, operation and maintenance of facilities trainingstrainings for pupils, teachers and personnel for pupils, teachers and personnel

• ““how to...” educational how to...” educational postersposters in the toilet in the toilet• Training on the Training on the re-use re-use of nutrients (or energy)of nutrients (or energy)

* Participatory Health And Sanitation Transformation (WHO)* Participatory Health And Sanitation Transformation (WHO)

Check-list school MoU Check-list school MoU

1)1) Who cleans the toilet?Who cleans the toilet?

2)2) Who collects ash/saw dust for the toilet?Who collects ash/saw dust for the toilet?

3)3) Who checks the toilet on technical defects?Who checks the toilet on technical defects?

4)4) Who is responsible for operation and Who is responsible for operation and maintenance?maintenance?

5)5) What to do when something is broken?What to do when something is broken?

6)6) How should the O&M be financed?How should the O&M be financed?

7)7) Who develops an education strategy?Who develops an education strategy?

8)8) How will awareness be created among the How will awareness be created among the school children?school children?

9)9) How can the school guarantee that the toilet will How can the school guarantee that the toilet will be properly used?be properly used?

WECF Impact AssessmentWECF Impact Assessment

First of its kind, gives an indicationFirst of its kind, gives an indication

3 step methodology3 step methodology::

• Questionnaire for female and male pupilsQuestionnaire for female and male pupils

31 (29 boys) questions related to31 (29 boys) questions related to

– Acceptance - Dignity - GenderAcceptance - Dignity - Gender

– Health - Absenteeism - Menstruation (girls only)Health - Absenteeism - Menstruation (girls only)

• Absenteeism “class book” surveyAbsenteeism “class book” survey

• Focus group discussion (only with pupils, no teachers present)Focus group discussion (only with pupils, no teachers present)

SampleSample

• 10 schools with UDD toilets: total 361 pupils10 schools with UDD toilets: total 361 pupils

• 8 reference schools with pit latrine: total 245 pupils8 reference schools with pit latrine: total 245 pupils

• 5 countries: Moldova, Ukraine, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan5 countries: Moldova, Ukraine, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan

Absenteeism Survey - maybe an indication

Absenteeism Survey - maybe an indication

Pupils Focus Group Discussions some preliminary results

Pupils Focus Group Discussions some preliminary results

On new toilets:On new toilets:• All children are very satisfied about new toilets because All children are very satisfied about new toilets because

of of greater comfortgreater comfort (clean, warm, no smell, hand- (clean, warm, no smell, hand-washing facilities, short distance etc.)washing facilities, short distance etc.)

• Especially Especially girls experience benefitsgirls experience benefits because of because of greater privacy and washing facilitiesgreater privacy and washing facilities

On pit latrines:On pit latrines:• Especially girls avoid using the pit latrinesEspecially girls avoid using the pit latrines• In Central Asia girls skipped school during their In Central Asia girls skipped school during their

menstruation period because of the bad pit latrinemenstruation period because of the bad pit latrine• In Central Asia children went to home during classes to In Central Asia children went to home during classes to

go the toilet because of the bad pit latrinego the toilet because of the bad pit latrine• In all countries some girls use latrines during classes to In all countries some girls use latrines during classes to

have more privacyhave more privacy

• School Sanitation: Global PrioritySchool Sanitation: Global Priority

• Lessons from 10-country programLessons from 10-country program– Hardware: best and worst practicesHardware: best and worst practices– Software: best and worst practicesSoftware: best and worst practices

• Ideas for 5 yr driveIdeas for 5 yr drive

School Sanitation - Should be a global Priority

School Sanitation - Should be a global Priority

School sanitation:School sanitation:• does not count for Millennium Dev Goalsdoes not count for Millennium Dev Goals• excluded from JMPexcluded from JMP

• is core responsibility of governmentis core responsibility of government• is essential for girls school attendanceis essential for girls school attendance• ““discriminating” factor for girlsdiscriminating” factor for girls• needs innovative financial mechanismsneeds innovative financial mechanisms• can be a win-win deal can be a win-win deal • should be policy priorityshould be policy priority

General reflections on School Sanitation - ‘Hardware’

General reflections on School Sanitation - ‘Hardware’

• Choice of ‘hardware’ Choice of ‘hardware’ doesdoes matter matter• IndoorIndoor toilets with toilets with re-use systemsre-use systems are good are good

solution for non-piped areassolution for non-piped areas• Need to be added to Need to be added to national codesnational codes (construction, (construction,

hygiene, agriculture) hygiene, agriculture) • Not more expensiveNot more expensive then VIP pit-latrines then VIP pit-latrines• Potential income generation from re-use, energy - Potential income generation from re-use, energy -

can can cover maintenancecover maintenance costs costs • Potentially saves costs drinking water treatmentPotentially saves costs drinking water treatment

General Recommendations School Sanitation - ‘Software’

General Recommendations School Sanitation - ‘Software’

• No ‘hardware’ works No ‘hardware’ works withoutwithout ‘software’ ‘software’ • HygieneHygiene needs to be taught (also in EU) needs to be taught (also in EU) • Cleaning of toilets Cleaning of toilets is not a habitis not a habit amongst latrine amongst latrine

users: needs to be learnedusers: needs to be learned• Incentives and educationIncentives and education for pupils against for pupils against

vandalismvandalism• Teenage girls need to feel ‘safe’ regarding Teenage girls need to feel ‘safe’ regarding

menstruationmenstruation - waste baskets, doors that lock, - waste baskets, doors that lock, own toiletsown toilets

• InclusiveInclusive sanitation (e.g. children with disabilities) sanitation (e.g. children with disabilities)• Pupils should feel Pupils should feel ownershipownership, know its their right , know its their right

Link Parma Implementation and 5 yr Sustainable Sanitation Drive

Link Parma Implementation and 5 yr Sustainable Sanitation Drive

• Link to Link to implementation implementation of UN GA 2010 of UN GA 2010 resolution “human right to water and resolution “human right to water and sanitation” sanitation”

• Call on all countries to set Call on all countries to set targetstargets for for achieving 100% safe school sanitationachieving 100% safe school sanitation

• DefineDefine “sustainable” sanitation (5 SuSanA “sustainable” sanitation (5 SuSanA criteria)criteria)

• Establish Establish principleprinciple: “no toilet - no school” : “no toilet - no school” • Post-2015 inclusion of public sanitation in Post-2015 inclusion of public sanitation in

MDGMDGss• WASH in Schools: WASH in Schools: focusfocus of 1 of the 5 years! of 1 of the 5 years!

5 Yr Drive - Financing School Sanitation

5 Yr Drive - Financing School Sanitation

• Funding priority from Funding priority from public budgetpublic budget • ““Total sanitation” incentive approach does not Total sanitation” incentive approach does not

work for public buildings work for public buildings • Global Global School Sanitation FundSchool Sanitation Fund (e.g. DK, (e.g. DK,

EBRD)EBRD)• Aim: Aim:

• pilotspilots in in eacheach country - examples convince country - examples convince• All schoolsAll schools in a few countries (Moldova, Lesotho) in a few countries (Moldova, Lesotho)

• Incentives for partnerships including civil Incentives for partnerships including civil societysociety

• Communicate the successesCommunicate the successes

Our plans: extend Guidelines Best Practices School Sanitation ?

Our plans: extend Guidelines Best Practices School Sanitation ?

• Guidelines with best practices for Guidelines with best practices for school sanitation hardware and school sanitation hardware and softwaresoftware

– Baseline of current school Baseline of current school sanitation (e.g. Moldova)sanitation (e.g. Moldova)

– Comparison of different hardware Comparison of different hardware optionsoptions

– Capacity building tools for re-use Capacity building tools for re-use sanitation systems sanitation systems

– Educational and training tools on Educational and training tools on hygiene, use, maintenancehygiene, use, maintenance

• Possible partners....Possible partners....

Other areas ? Other areas ?

Draw on work done within PWH Draw on work done within PWH

• Capacity building online tool on small scale Capacity building online tool on small scale sanitation (with Germany and Czech republic)sanitation (with Germany and Czech republic)

• Guidelines on public participation in sanitation Guidelines on public participation in sanitation decision making (with Romania)decision making (with Romania)

• Guidelines on equitable access (with France) Guidelines on equitable access (with France)

Thank YouThank You

WASH in Schools The Parma Ministerial Declaration for WASH in schools in EECCA region

Documents

Transcript of WASH in Schools The Parma Ministerial Declaration for WASH in schools in EECCA region