Wartsila FSRU LNG Regasification Modules

8
WäRTSILä TECHNICAL JOURNAL 02.2012 31 in detail Demand for new LNG (liquid natural gas) importation projects is firm, particularly in developing economies. Historically, LNG has been transferred to shore-based terminals for storage in tanks, and then regasification and pressurizing with vaporizing equipment before being delivered to the distribution networks . Rapidly growing needs for LNG have, however, resulted in the development of solutions during the last ten years that are faster and that reduce time, and therefore costs. Placing regasification (regas) equipment onboard allows high-pressure gas to be delivered to land-based networks, either via a floating buoy and submerged pipeline system from an offshore location, or via loading arms on a jetty. Compared to onshore regas facilities, both SRVs and FSRUs offer flexible solutions with a short time from investment decision to start-up. As such, they represent a fast-track way of opening energy markets to natural gas, thereby increasing supply diversity, reducing costs and offering environmental benefits. Five years of progress e history of regasification technology within Wärtsilä Oil & Gas Systems is relatively short. A test facility was developed as a joint investment project with Norwegian ship owner Leif Høegh & Co in 2006-2007. Located at Kollsnes in Norway, it was a smaller scale version (approximately 1:1000) than the commercial plants subsequently delivered. Both propane-based and steam- based regas solutions, which are described later in this article, were successfully proven and demonstrated to potential customers from all over the world. Regas equipment was delivered in 2008-2009 for the Neptune and Cape Anne, the two SRVs being used in the GDF SUEZ Neptune project in the USA. is steam- based solution began operating in 2010. Located 10 miles off the coast of Massachusetts, the Neptune deepwater port project was designed to meet New England’s growing demand for natural gas. Golar LNG’s Golar Winter, part of the Petrobras VT1 project in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, was started up in 2009 and has now operated successfully for almost three years. Employing a propane-based regas system, the Golar Winter is capable of supplying gas in quantities sufficient to generate a major proportion of the electrical energy required by Rio de Janeiro. Golar LNG’s Golar Freeze is part of the Shell/DUSUP project in Dubai. A propane- based system with one suction drum and three regas process trains, it began operating in 2010 and is designed to supply gas for generating the electrical power required by air-conditioning systems during the summer months. Common to all of these projects – Neptune, the Golar Winter and Golar Freeze - were complications resulting from the regas system components being delivered on separate skids and the interconnection work being carried out by shipyards. Developments in 2009-2010 included an improved and patented propane-based regas solution. is incorporates all seawater heating via semi-welded plate heat-exchangers that are easy to clean, and a patented recondenser system for recovering boil-off gas. To avoid the interconnection problems, it was decided that equipment should be delivered as complete modules, thereby eliminating the requirement for interconnection work by shipyards and reducing the time required for hook-up to vessel or jetty. Two systems have been recently delivered with these improvements: Golar Khannur for West Java, and Petronas JRU for Melaka. Regasification modules for onboard applications offer multiple benefits AUTHORS: Per Helge Madsen , Business Development Manager, LNG Tore Lunde , Director, Gas Solutions Wärtsilä Oil & Gas Systems (formerly Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems AS) regasification modules are designed for use on Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) and Shuttle and Regasification Vessels (SRVs).

description

Regas article

Transcript of Wartsila FSRU LNG Regasification Modules

  • wrtsil technical journal 02.2012

    31indetail

    Demand for new LNG (liquid natural gas) importation projects is firm, particularly in developing economies. Historically, LNG has been transferred to shore-based terminals for storage in tanks, and then regasification and pressurizing with vaporizing equipment before being delivered to the distribution networks . Rapidly growing needs for LNG have, however, resulted in the development of solutions during the last ten years that are faster and that reduce time, and therefore costs. Placing regasification (regas) equipment onboard allows high-pressure gas to be delivered to land-based networks, either via a floating buoy and submerged pipeline system from an offshore location, or via loading arms on a jetty. Compared to

    onshore regas facilities, both SRVs and FSRUs offer flexible solutions with a short time from investment decision to start-up. As such, they represent a fast-track way of opening energy markets to natural gas, thereby increasing supply diversity, reducing costs and offering environmental benefits.

    Five years of progressThe history of regasification technology within Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems is relatively short. A test facility was developed as a joint investment project with Norwegian ship owner Leif Hegh & Co in 2006-2007. Located at Kollsnes in Norway, it was a smaller scale version (approximately 1:1000) than the commercial plants subsequently delivered. Both propane-based and steam-based regas solutions, which are described later in this article, were successfully proven and demonstrated to potential customers from all over the world. Regas equipment was delivered in

    2008-2009 for the Neptune and Cape Anne,

    the two SRVs being used in the GDF SUEZ Neptune project in the USA. This steam-based solution began operating in 2010. Located 10 miles off the coast of Massachusetts, the Neptune deepwater port project was designed to meet New Englands growing demand for natural gas. Golar LNGs Golar Winter, part of the

    Petrobras VT1 project in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, was started up in 2009 and has now operated successfully for almost three years. Employing a propane-based regas system, the Golar Winter is capable of supplying gas in quantities sufficient to generate a major proportion of the electrical energy required by Rio de Janeiro. Golar LNGs Golar Freeze is part of the

    Shell/DUSUP project in Dubai. A propane-based system with one suction drum and three regas process trains, it began operating in 2010 and is designed to supply gas for generating the electrical power required by air-conditioning systems during the summer months. Common to all of these projects

    Neptune, the Golar Winter and Golar Freeze - were complications resulting from the regas system components being delivered on separate skids and the interconnection work being carried out by shipyards. Developments in 2009-2010 included

    an improved and patented propane-based regas solution. This incorporates all seawater heating via semi-welded plate heat-exchangers that are easy to clean, and a patented recondenser system for recovering boil-off gas. To avoid the interconnection problems, it was decided that equipment should be delivered as complete modules, thereby eliminating the requirement for interconnection work by shipyards and reducing the time required for hook-up to vessel or jetty. Two systems have been recently delivered with these improvements: Golar Khannur for West Java, and Petronas JRU for Melaka.

    Regasification modules for onboard applications offer multiple benefitsAuthors: Per helge Madsen , Business Development Manager, LNG tore Lunde , Director, Gas Solut ions

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems (formerly Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems AS)regasification modules are designed for use on Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) and Shuttle and Regasification Vessels (SRVs).

  • 32 indetail

    [marine/indetail]

    [ marin

    e/indetail]

    In addition to the six systems already delivered, Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems is currently executing orders for three more. The company has supplied about half of the floating regas units now in operation around the world (see Figure 1).

    Expanding LNG carrier functionality Adding regas systems to LNG carriers - SRVS or FSRUs - presents a new set of challenges in terms of both equipment size and integration into the vessels existing systems. Also, equipment that was previously located on land must be redesigned to accommodate the unpredictable motion of a seagoing vessel.Typical deliveries consist of systems that

    use either steam or seawater for heating and regasifying the LNG. These systems are described in detail on page 32. The choice of heating media usually depends on local regulations and the prevailing climate in the vessels operational location. Systems that use seawater as a source of heat to vaporise LNG are more economical than systems which use steam. This is because a steam system requires the burning of fuel at a rate equivalent to some 2.5% of the amount of LNG produced. The energy requirement

    in a seawater based system is far less as energy is needed only for the pumps. Heating with an intermediate fluid is

    utilised in both steam-based and seawater-based systems. A typical system, such as that shown in Figure 2 installed on a conventional LNG carrier, will have a total export capacity in the range 170-840 tons/h (200-1,000 MMscf/d). Each train typically has an output of 40-210 tons/h, and complete systems comprise several trains

    with one or more providing redundant capacity. Delivery pressures are in the range of 30-130 bar and depend on the pressure in the receiving grid. Dedicated pumps in the cargo tank supply

    LNG to the suction drum, usually at a pressure of approximately 5 bar, i.e. at a temperature below its boiling point at the current pressure. The suction drum acts as a buffer tank, and also as a gas separator to handle gas and liquid returned from the regas trains

    GARGO TANKS

    LNG from cargo tanks

    Suction drum

    Regas skid Regas skid Regas skid

    NG to shore

    GARGO TANKS

    LNG from cargo tanks

    Suction drum

    Regas skid Regas skid Regas skid

    NG to shore

    BostonNeptuneCape Anne

    PECEMGolar Winter

    KlaipedosHegh

    DubaiGolar Freeze

    ChileColbun project,Hegh LNG

    MelakaPetronas JRULampung

    Hegh

    West JavaGolar Khannur

    Fig.1WrtsilOil&GasSystems-projectsdeliveredandunderconstruction.

    Fig.2Typicalshipconfigurationcomprisingthreeregastrainsandonesuctiondrum.

  • wrtsil technical journal 02.2012

    33indetail

    during certain modes of operation. The pressure of 5 bar means that LNG fed to the trains from the suction drum is a subcooled liquid. In the regas trains, the LNG is pressurised in multi-stage centrifugal pumps and then regasified in the vaporisers. The output of each train is high-pressure (35 - 120 bar) natural gas.

    Steam-based systemsThe steam-heated regas system delivered to the Neptune project by Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems uses a water-glycol mixture as the intermediate medium. US Coastguard policy for the area meant that it required a solution where seawater could not be used as a source of heat. Neptune consists of two membrane-tank-type SRVs, an offshore terminal with two buoys, and pipelines to shore. Both vessels are equipped with three regas

    trains located in front of the trunk behind a large wavebreaker. The suction drum is located on the trunk deck close to the regas trains. Each regas train has a capacity of 210 tons LNG/h and a target send-out pressure of 46-120 bar. All three trains can be operated simultaneously if required. The main benefit offered by steam-based

    systems is the fact that the equipment is relatively small. As the heating medium is at a high temperature, the heat exchangers are compact and the regas trains have a small footprint and low weight, making locating them easier. The drawbacks with steam-based systems

    are both economical and environmental. From an economic perspective, if LNG is used to produce power for the trains and

    steam for the vaporisers, approximately 2.5 tons of each 100 tons of LNG processed will be used for these purposes. From an environmental perspective, even though LNG is a relatively-clean power source, the CO2 emissions that result from onboard power and steam production are significant (see Table 1 for a system comparison).

    Seawater heating using propane as the intermediate mediumSeawater-heated regas systems that use propane as the intermediate medium have been supplied by Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems for two Golar LNG vessels: the Golar Winter and Golar Freeze. On charter to Petrobras, the Golar Winter is a membrane-tank-type FSRU whose initial location was Guanabara Bay. It will eventually be moved to the PECEM terminal close to Fortaleza in northern Brazil. The Golar Freeze is a spherical-tank-type FSRU on charter to Shell/DUSUP and located in Dubai. Both the Golar Winter and Golar

    Freeze are equipped with three regas trains, each with a processing capacity of approximately 230 tons/h. Two of the three trains can be operated simultaneously giving a total capacity of some 460 tons/h. The Golar Winter system can deliver

    gas at pressures of up to 105 bar. Because the Dubai grid has a low maximum pressure and lower pump pressures save energy, the LNG pumps in the Golar Freeze were delivered de-staged with a delivery pressure of approximately 70 bar. As the remainder of the Golar Freeze regas system is designed to operate at up to 105 bar, the de-staged pumps can

    be replaced with full-pressure pumps if the vessel is relocated at a future date.

    Current projects Two of the new and improved systems have recently been delivered to Indonesia and Malaysia, and three new regas projects using equipment delivered by Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems are currently ongoing. In Indonesia, the seawater-propane regas unit on Golar LNGs Golar Khannur FSRU, part of the PT Nusantara Regas project in Jakarta, was successfully started up this summer. Each of the Golar Khannurs three

    process trains can process 200 tons/h, and the whole system has a send-out capacity of 500 MMscf/d. It is a 3x50% system, which means that each train can supply 50% of the systems maximum capacity, and it was delivered as a single 22*20*12-metre module with a dry weight of 25*18*12-metre weight 720 tonnes. The patented boil-off gas recondenser on each train has a capacity of 6 tons/h. In Malaysia, the Jetty Regasification Unit

    (JRU) for the Petronas Gas Berhad project at Melaka Jetty was delivered in January 2012, with start-up scheduled for September 2012. Also using seawater-propane technology, the three trains on the JRU each have a processing capacity of 221 tons/h (3 x 50%) and the system has a maximum export capacity of 500 MMscf/d at 70 bar. Delivered as a single-lift, 32x20x13-metre module with a dry weight of 945 tonnes, the patented boil-off gas recondenser on each train has a capacity of 24 tons/h. The reason for the size being larger than that of the Khannur is the large recondensing capacity on JRU.

    Propane-seawater Steam-water-glycol

    Weight (tons) 700 600

    Dimensions (LxWxH) (m) 26x18x10 20x16x10

    Seawater used (m3 at 7C dT) 15,000 0

    Electrical power required (MW) 8 8

    Steam demand (tons/h at 25 bar) 0 33-230

    Fuel cost to unload 150K vessel* (EUR) 24,000 190,000

    Module budget price 1.15 X X

    Table1Comparisonofpropane-seawaterandsteam-water-glycolsystems.

    * Fuel cost based on the LNG consumed in generating electricity and producing steam (LNG price USD 5 per million Btu)

    Typical data for modules with three 230 tons/h trains, send-out pressure 105 bar

    The propane-seawater module is heavier (700 tons) than the steam-water-glycol version (600 tons), larger (26x18x10 m versus 20x16x10 m) and the initial investment required is 15% higher. While the electrical power required by both modules is the same at 8 MW, the propane-seawater version does not require steam, so there is a consequent saving of EUR 166,000 in fuel costs (EUR 24,000 instead of EUR 190,000) when unloading a 150K LNG carrier.

  • 34 indetail

    [marine/indetail]

    [ marin

    e/indetail]

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems is also supplying Hegh LNG with regas modules for three FSRU newbuildings. All three will be equipped with seawater-propane systems. The PGN Lampang project has three 112 tons/h trains (3 x 33%) and a maximum send-out capacity of 380 MMscf/d. It will be delivered as a single-lift, 20x18x13-metre module with a dry weight of 535 tonnes. The KlaipedosNafta project in Lithuania,

    comprising four 115 tons/h trains (4 x 33%)

    with a maximum send-out capacity of 390 MMscf/d, will be delivered as a single-lift, 25x18x13-metre module with a dry weight of 700 tonnes. The third delivery for Hegh LNG will go to a FSRU sponsored by Colbn S.A. and AES Gener S.A. in Chile. Start-up of this project is scheduled for late 2014. All Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems current

    projects feature the companys improved and patented seawater-propane solution and patented boil-off gas recondenser solution.

    Customers benefit in many ways The modular regas units offered by Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems offer a simple and uncomplicated vessel interface, a small number of connections for rapid hook-up (see Figure 8), a choice of heating sources: steam/seawater/combined, easy operation, and quick ramp-up/ramp-down. Typical delivery times are 12-16

    months. The compact equipment design has a small footprint and the use of

    Fig. 3 Propane system using direct seawater shell-and-tube heaters .

    Fig. 4 New and improved two-stage propane loop (patented).

    A1

    LNG pumps

    A2

    Propane tank

    Propane evaporators

    Propane pump

    H

    B S & T

    PCHE

    E

    G1 G2

    Shell & Tube

    Seawater in

    Seawater

    NG out

    LNG in

    Former solution Direct seawater S&T trim heater

    A1

    LNG pumps

    A2

    Propane tank

    Propane pump

    H

    C

    PCHE

    E

    G1 G2

    Seawater in

    Seawater out

    NG out

    LNG in

    D

    F

    New solution All seawater heating with plate heat exchangers

    B

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems improved and patented propane-based system

    In first-generation propane-based systems, natural gas leaving the first propane-LNG heater is superheated in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with seawater to provide the required heat (Figure 3). As the natural gas is at high

    pressure, the heat exchangers have to be of fully-welded construction. Opening them up for cleaning and removing marine growth resulting from the use of seawater is, therefore, impossible. In Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems

    new patented system, the propane passes through two stages. Propane in its liquid state is heated with seawater in a semi-welded plate heat exchanger, then sent to a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) that superheats the natural gas (Figure 4). Propane leaving the PCHE

    is then expanded through a pressure-control valve before being sent, in a similar way to first-generation propane systems, to the seawater-heated vaporisers that produce propane gas for the first-stage LNG-propane heater. All heating using seawater is therefore carried out using semi-welded plate heat exchangers that can be opened and cleaned on the seawater side to remove marine growth.

  • wrtsil technical journal 02.2012

    35indetail

    Fig. 5 Conventional method of recovering (recondensing) boil-off gas.

    Fig. 6 Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems improved and patented boil-off gas recondenser system.

    Fig. 7 A log PH diagram for Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems improved and patented boil-off gas recondenser system.

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems improved and patented boil-off gas recondenser system

    In conventional systems (Figure 5), boil-off gas (BOG) is usually recovered by compressing it and sending it to the suction drum, then using internal contact with the LNG contained in the drum to condense it. As the compressed boil-off gas is

    typically at a temperature between zero and -60C, cooling it to its condensing temperature and then condensing it adds significant quantities of energy to the LNG in the suction drum, and can raise it to saturation temperature. In Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems

    improved and patented recondenser system, boil-off gas is precooled to the condensing temperature in printed heat exchangers (BOG coolers) on the high-pressure side of the regas system (Figure 6). As well as allowing significant

    quantities of heat to be passed to the high-pressure LNG that will anyway be heated, the total quantity of boil-off gas that can be recondensed in the suction drum is approximately doubled as it now enters the drum at its condensing temperature. Figure 7 is the corresponding log PH diagram.

    A1

    A2

    A3

    BOG fromcargo

    BOG compressor

    LNG-fromcargo

    Suctiondrum/

    Recondens

    LNG in

    PressureGas out

    Gas in Vaporiser

    Unit 1

    Vaporiser Unit 2

    Vaporiser Unit 3

    NG out

    NG out

    NG out

    B3

    A1

    A2

    A3

    BOG fromcargo

    BOG compressor

    LNG fromcargo

    Suctiondrum/

    Recondens

    LNG in

    PressureGas out

    Gas in Vaporiser

    Unit 1

    Vaporiser Unit 2

    Vaporiser Unit 3

    NG out

    NG out

    NG out

    B1

    B2

    B3

    A1

    A2

    A3

    BOG fromcargo

    BOG compressor

    LNG fromcargo

    Suctiondrum/

    Recondens

    LNG in

    PressureGas out

    Gas in Vaporiser

    Unit 1

    Vaporiser Unit 2

    Vaporiser Unit 3

    NG out

    NG out

    NG out

    B1

    B2

  • 36 indetail

    [marine/indetail]

    [ marin

    e/indetail]

    propane as the intermediate medium eliminates the possibility that the seawater employed will freeze during operation.

    Future synergies While the regas units supplied by Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems offer significant benefits as stand-alone systems, combining them with equipment supplied by Wrtsil Power Plants allows total scope technical and commercial solutions to be offered for both onshore projects and offshore applications such as power barges. Wrtsil already supplies EPC power

    systems (EPC=total Engineering, Procurement and Commissioning contract for the whole terminal), and contracts of this type can also involve supplying gas for a pipeline system. In such cases, the regas equipment can be a part of the total EPC contract. Also, as exhaust gases from the engines in a Wrtsil power plant contain a lot of heat energy, this can be used in the regasification process. In cases where all the heat required for

    regasification can be supplied from exhaust gas, a simple direct ethylene glycol-based regas system using elements of the existing steam-based system is probably the best choice. In cases where the amount of heat that can be obtained from exhaust gases is insufficient, a propane-based solution which uses heat from other sources can be employed. An EPC solution of this type could in

    fact constitute a complete combined gas importation terminal and power generation facility, comprising LNG storage tanks, an import jetty, boil-off gas compressors, regasification system, pipework, a 400 MW (or higher output) Wrtsil power plant and all the required automation and control facilities. Waste energy from the power plant would be used in the regasification system. The ability to deliver a total scope facility of this type and scale represents a significant competitive edge.

    Module Connections

    Gas to Vent mast from

    safety valves

    Seawater out 40 CS150

    LNG drain 2 SS150

    Gas to vapour header10 SS150

    6,6 KV cableLNG pumps

    Multicable from cabinet

    6,6 KV cablePropane

    LNG in14 SS150

    BOG in8 SS150

    N2 supply 2" SS150

    Pneumatic air supply 2"

    Seawater in 40" CS150

    NG to shore16 SS900

    Cable

    SS150

    SS900

    (piping sizes are typical, and will be project specific)

    Fig.8TheregasmodulessuppliedbyWrtsilOil&GasSystemsfeature anuncomplicatedvesselinterfaceandrapidhook-up.

    Fig.9RegasificationmoduleforGolarLNGsGolarKhannurFSRU,partofthe PTNusantaraRegasprojectinJakarta,imageaboveandbelow.

  • wrtsil technical journal 02.2012

    37indetail

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems LNG regasification solutions Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems is a leading supplier of technology and topsides for floating LNG regasification (regas) facilities. The companys scope of supply includes the delivery and commissioning of floating LNG regas plants based on either closed-loop technology using steam with water-glycol as the intermediate heating medium, or open-loop technology using seawater with propane as the intermediate heating medium. Similar modular regas plants are available for jetty installation, and compared to traditional shore-based LNG regas terminal projects, solutions of this type allow much shorter construction schedules. The Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems portfolio of LNG regas technologies

    represents a mature industry benchmark in terms of energy efficiency, robustness and operational flexibility. Solutions are available either as multi-skid deliveries, or as complete turnkey and single-lift topside modules. In addition to pre-contract studies, engineering, construction, installation and start-up, a complete spectrum of services for maintenance, training and operational support is available.

    Steam-heated regasification systemsSystems of this type can be used in areas where regulations prevent the use of heat from seawater to vaporise the LNG. Each unit has one or more booster pumps installed in canisters and is designed for send-out pressures of up to 130 bar. The LNG is vaporised by pumping it through a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the heat being supplied from a water-glycol mixture heated by steam from an onboard system. The natural gas is then sent to the export manifold.

    Cascade propane-seawater regasification systems In cascade regasification systems, LNG is heated using propane in a closed-loop system with the heat being provided by seawater. In situations where the seawater is too cold to supply the required amounts of heat, its temperature can be raised using any available source of heat. The cascade concept is preferable to arrangements that directly exchange

    heat with seawater as the latter can increase the risk of the seawater freezing in the heat exchanger. Propane is a satisfactory intermediate fluid because of its thermodynamic properties (it has a lower freezing point than LNG). A HAZID analysis carried out in cooperation with DNV concluded that cascade systems are safer than purely seawater-based systems.

    Main advantages of the Wrtsils systems Reliable methods of regasifying LNG with low risks of freezing in the system Proven equipment with extensive references. Operational flexibility with regards to send-out pressure and capacity Compact units Short project implementation schedule Environmentally sound, cost-efficient, safe solution

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems AS (formerly Hamworthy Oil & Gas Systems AS) has 50 years of experience in supplying recondensing and cargo-handling systems to the LPG and marine sectors. More recently, Hamworthy used its experience in cryogenic and marine installations to enter the LNG sector. A total of 35 LNG reliquefaction systems for LNG carriers and four shore-based LNG liquefaction plants have now been supplied.

    Abbreviations

    LNGLiquefied natural gas, i.e. natural gas in its liquid state. Cooling natural gas to approximately -160C at atmospheric pressure turns it into LNG and also reduces its volume by some 600 times, making the long-distance transportation of large quantities an economic proposition.

    FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit: a stationary vessel fitted with regas equipment capable of storing large quantities of LNG (often a former LNG carrier). LNG is transferred to the FSRU from LNG carriers, vaporised, then sent to a land-based network from an offshore mooring point or via jetty-based loading arms.

    SRV Shuttle Regasification Vessel: a ship which transports LNG in large quantities and also uses its onboard regas equipment to vaporise the LNG before sending it to a land-based network. SRVs work in pairs using separate mooring buoys - the brief overlap between one shuttle arriving and the other departing allows a continuous flow of high-pressure natural gas to be sent out.

    JRUJetty Regasification Unit: a shore-based regas unit located on a jetty.

    FRU Floating Regasification Unit: - usually a barge equipped with a regas module.

    FRPU Floating Regasification and Power Unit: vessel or barge equipped with both a regas module and power-generation equipment.

    PCHE Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger: diffusion-bonded heat exchangers that are 4-6 times smaller than conventional shell-and-tube heat exchangers of equivalent duty. With pressure capabilities exceeding 600 bar, they can cope with temperatures ranging from cryogenic to 900C. Single units can achieve thermal efficiencies of more than 98%. PCHEs can handle several process streams and their design can incorporate additional functions such as chemical reactions, mass transfer and mixing.

  • 38 indetail

    [marine/indetail]

    [ marin

    e/indetail]

    Project Type Owner Delivery CapacityGDF SUEZ, Neptune, USA SRV Neptune SHI Hoegh LNG 2008 630 t/hGDF SUEZ, Neptune, USA SRV CapeAnn SHI Hoegh LNG 2009 630 t/hPetrobras, Rio FSRU Golar Winter Golar LNG 2009 460 t/hShell/DUSUP, Dubai FSRU Golar Freeze Golar LNG 2010 460 t/hPT Nusantara Regas, Jakarta FSRU Golar Khannur Golar LNG 2011 440 t/hPetronas Gas Berhad, Malaysia JRU Jetty Terminal Petronas 2012 442 t/hPGN, Lampang FSRU newbuilding HHI Hoegh LNG 2012 335 t/hKlaipedosNafta, Lithuania FSRU newbuilding HHI Hoegh LNG 2013 345 t/hColbn S.A. & AES Gener S.A., Chile FSRU newbuilding HHI Hoegh LNG 2014 345 t/h

    Wrtsil Oil & Gas Systems reference list - Regasification projects

    Hegh LNG / Neptune & Cape Anne Project: GDF SUEZ, Neptune, USASRV Neptune start-up March 2010 Cape Ann start-up August 2010Steam-heated water-glycol: three 210 tons/h trains

    Golar LNG / Golar Winter Project: Petrobras VT1, Guanabara Bay, Rio de JaneiroFSRU Golar Winter Start-up September 2009 Seawater-propane: 105 bar / three 230 tons/h trains (3x50%)

    Golar LNG / Golar FreezeProject: Shell/DUSUP, DubaiFSRU side-by-side LNG transfer systemStart up October 2010Seawater-propane: three 229 tons/h trains (3x50%) Send-out pressure and capacity: 63 bar (destaged from 103 bar)

    Project: PT Nusantara Regas, JakartaFSRU Golar KhannurStart up July 2011Seawater-propane: three 220 tons/h trains (3x50%) Send-out pressure and capacity: 70 bar / 440 tons/h (500 MMscf/d) Single-lift module: 22x20x12 m, 738 tonnes dry weight BOG recondenser capacity: 6 tons/h per train

    Petronas / Petronas Gas Berhad, Malaysia Project: Petronas Gas Berhad, MalaysiaMelaka Jetty Regasification Unit Scheduled start up September 2012 Seawater-propane: three 221 tons/h trains (3x50%) Send-out pressure and capacity: 70 bar / 442 tons/h (500 MMscf/d) Single-lift module: 32x20x13 m, 945 tonnes dry weight BOG recondenser capacity: 24 tons/h per train

    Hegh LNGProject: PGN, LampangFSRU newbuilding (Hyundai Heavy Industries) Start up: 2013Seawater-propane: three 112 tons/h trains (3x33%) Send-out pressure and capacity: 100 bar / 336 tons/h (380 MMscf/d) Single-lift module: 20x18x13 m, 535 tonnes dry weight BOG recondenser capacity: 5 tons/h per train

    Hegh LNGProject: KlaipedosNafta, Lithuania FSRU newbuilding (Hyundai Heavy Industries)Start up: 2014Seawater-propane: four 115 tons/h trains (4x33%) Send-out pressure and capacity: 65 bar / 345 tons/h (390 MMscf/d) Single-lift module: 25x18x13 m, 700 tonnes dry weight BOG recondenser capacity: 5 tons/h per train

    Hegh LNGProject: Colbun, ChileFSRU newbuilding (Hyundai Heavy Industries) Start up: 2014Seawater-propane: either three or four 115 tons/h trains Send-out pressure and capacity: to be decidedBOG recondenser capacity: 5 tons/h per train