WarmUp #3 1. Read “London Blitz” on pg. 839 & give at least 3 details about the Battle of...
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Transcript of WarmUp #3 1. Read “London Blitz” on pg. 839 & give at least 3 details about the Battle of...
![Page 1: WarmUp #3 1. Read “London Blitz” on pg. 839 & give at least 3 details about the Battle of Britain. 2. Read “The Attack on Pearl Harbor " on pg. 841 & answer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070402/56649f265503460f94c3e26c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WarmUp #31. Read “London Blitz” on pg. 839 & give at least 3
details about the Battle of Britain.
2. Read “The Attack on Pearl Harbor " on pg. 841 & answer the two questions from the primary source.
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The Rise of Totalitarianism
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Important Terms to Know…authoritarian state: complete obedience to the authority
of the state as opposed to individual freedoms
dictatorship: one person holds all the power in the state
totalitarian state: government controls political, social, economic, intellectual & cultural lives of citizens
Fascism (Italy): political ideology where the state (& dictator) was glorified above the individual
Nazism (Germany): political ideology of extreme German nationalism…mixed with strong anti-Semitism, strong anti-communism & the Social Darwinian theories of social struggle
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Japan• 1920s: economic & political crises• struggle between civilians & military to control government• 1930s: military takeover of government
– emphasis of nationalism & absolute loyalty to emperor!
• Manchurian (Mukden) Incident (1931): Japan used “attack” on railway as an excuse to take over Manchuria (NW China & Korea)
– purpose: Japanese needed natural resources
• aggressive attitudes towards U.S.A. & Western European nations
• close ties to Nazi Germany: – signed Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) with Germany
agreeing to stop spread of communism (anti-Soviet Union)
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Tojo Hideki of Japan
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Italy & Benito Mussolini• Benito Mussolini: “Il Duce” = the leader• 1919: created Fascio di Combattimento political
group (fascist party)• 1920-1921: formed Blackshirts to attack the
communists • 1922: demanded more land for Italy, by
emphasizing nationalism• 1922: forced the king to make him the Prime
Minister!• 1926: closed down all free press, made laws by
decree & recognized the independence of Vatican City, in exchange for the backing of the Pope
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Benito Mussolini: “Il Duce”
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Soviet Union & Joseph Stalin• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally created in 1922
– after Vladimir Lenin’s death, power struggle between Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin…not Lenin’s choice of successor, but Stalin kept Lenin’s policies
– by 1929, Stalin eliminated the original Bolsheviks from Politburo (policy-making body of the Communist Party)
• 5 Year Plans: transform USSR into a fully-industrial country in 5-year increments
• collectivization: private farms eliminated & peasants worked land owned by the government
• costs of Stalin’s programs:– 1) peasants hated collectivization, so hoarded food…bad crop years
led to the starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33– 2) continual purging of government leaders (bureaucratic, military,
intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia• killed or sent protesters to Siberia to forced labor & work camps
(Gulag) …by 1936, 38.8 million arrested!
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Joseph Stalin
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Spain & Francisco Franco• Spanish Civil War (1936-39)
– rebellion under fascist Francisco Franco → overthrow of democratic government
• Hitler & Mussolini helped Franco’s troops
– Hitler saw it as a test war
• Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to show horrors of the Civil War
• Franco won & setup authoritarian government
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Francisco Franco (Spain)
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Pablo Picasso’s Guernica
Read pg. R74 in the textbook & answer the questions dealing with Pablo Picasso, the Spanish Civil War & the Nazi destruction of Guernica.
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Germany & Adolf Hitler• der Führer
– the leader (National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis)• militia: the Brownshirts
• while in jail, he wrote his ideas in Mein Kampf (my struggle)• promised to create a new Germany “Third Reich” by:
1) giving $$$ to private companies to hire workers 2) rearmament: rebuild the German army, navy & air force3) creating a pure German race (“Aryans”)4) blaming the Jewish population for Germany’s loss in World War I
& the Treaty of Versailles
• appointed German Chancellor (1933)– gained absolute power by the act of Reichstag (legislative body)
• purged government of the Jews & created concentration camps: large prison, work & death camps (Auschwitz, Dachau)
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Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Nuremberg Rally & Parade
Hitler's Imperial March
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Nazi Germany: 1933-1939• creation of Third Reich, full of Aryans (pure Germans with blond hair & blue
eyes; tall & strong)• SS (Gestapo): secret police, who ran the concentration camps
– 2 principles: terror & ideology• Joseph Goebbels: propaganda minister• used all means to convince people of the Nazi ideology
– movies, newspapers, posters, slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass rallies, etc…the power of the radio!
– “if you say something often enough, people will believe it”
• Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg Laws (1935) passed– Jews not allowed to be German citizens– Jews not allowed to marry German citizens– Jews had to wear yellow star of David & carry ID cards
• Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938) “Night of Shattered Glass”– Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses & homes– sent many Jews to concentration camps– those who remained were forced to clean up the destruction– Jews were not allowed in public places
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Joseph Goebbels
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Kristallnacht
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Graphic Organizer
Dictator Country Political Party
Type of Govt.
Policies Characteristics
Hideki
Tojo
Benito
Mussolini
fascist dictator;
authorit-arian
Joseph
Stalin
communist dictator; totalitar-ian
Francisco
Franco
fascist dictator; authorit-arian
Adolf
Hitler
Nazi dictator; totalitar-ian
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Further Study!Chp. 27, Sec. 4: Dictators in Europe
Create FBI profiles on Benito Mussolini in Italy, Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union & Adolf Hitler in Germany.
1. Who were they?2. What were their policies?3. How did they treat their people?
4. How did the people respond?