Warm Up Why is your skin important for your body to maintain homeostasis?
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Transcript of Warm Up Why is your skin important for your body to maintain homeostasis?
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Warm Up
• Why is your skin important for your body to maintain homeostasis?
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Skin and Body Membranes
Chapter 4 (p.110-127)
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Objective Checklist
List the structure (tissue type) and functions of each membrane and give its location in the body
Name the layers of the integumentary system and list characteristics of each
Differentiate between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns
Describe three different types of skin cancer
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Skin and Body Membranes
• Body membranes line, protect, and lubricate
• Types of Membranes include…– Epithelial membranes
(cutaneous, mucous, and serous)
– Connective tissue membranes
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Cutaneous Membrane
• Cutaneous membrane (skin)– Keeps your dry!– Outermost protective boundary
• Components– Epidermis (keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium)– Dermis (dense connective tissue)– Hypodermis (adipose tissue)• Not considered part of the skin• Anchors skin to underlying organs
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Cutaneous Membrane
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Mucous Membranes
• Components– squamous/columnar
epithelium (surface)– areolar connective tissue
(underneath)
Figure 4.1b
• Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface (respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts)
• Moist and adapted for absorption or secretion
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Review
Why do you need stratified squamous tissue in your mouth?
Why do you need simple columnar tissue in your stomach, intestines?
Why do you need pseudostratified columnar tissue in your trachea?
Why do you need transitional squamous tissue in your bladder?
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Serous Membranes
• Composition – simple squamous
epithelium (surface)– areolar connective tissue
(beneath)
• Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
Figure 4.1c
• Serous layers separated by serous fluid
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Serous Membranes• Examples of serous membranes– Peritoneum (abdominal cavity)– Pleura (around lungs)– Pericardium (around heart)
Figure 4.1d
Why is there serous fluid between the two layers??
What do you call the OUTTER membrane that surrounds the HEART?
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Connective Tissue Membrane(Synovial Membrane)
• Components– Areolar connective
tissue• Lines fibrous capsules
surrounding joints• Cells there secrete
lubricating fluid
Figure 4.2
Why do you want lubricating fluid in this area?
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Now a Closer Look at Skin
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Skin Derivatives
• Skin derivatives– Sweat glands– Oil glands– Hairs– Nails
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Other Skin Functions• Protects deeper tissues from:– Mechanical damage– Chemical damage– Bacterial damage– Thermal damage– Ultraviolet radiation– Desiccation
• Aids in heat regulation• Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid• Synthesizes vitamin D
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Skin Structure in Detail• The epidermis is avascular and
obtains nutrients from the dermal layer
• The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and oil glands
• It also contains dermal papillae that form ridges on the surface of the skin
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Skin Structure in Detail
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Normal Skin Color Determinants
• Melanin– Yellow, brown or black
pigments• Carotene– Orange-yellow pigment
from some vegetables• Hemoglobin– Red coloring from blood
cells in dermis capillaries
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Appendages of the Skin
• Sebaceous glands– Produce oil• Lubricant for skin• Kills bacteria
– Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles
– Glands are activated at puberty
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Appendages of the Skin
• Sweat glands– Two types• Eccrine
– Open via duct to pore on skin surface– Widely distributed– Used in thermoregulation
• Apocrine– Opening associated with hair follicles– Located in axillary and pubic regions– Precise function unknown
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Appendages of the Skin• Hair– Consists of hard
keratinized epithelial cells
– Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
– Muscles around the root contract when you are cold
Why does your body do that??
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Appendages of the Skin• Nails– Scale-like modifications of the
epidermis– Heavily keratinized
How much bone would need to be removed for your nail to never grow back?
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Burns• Tissue damage and cell death caused by
heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals• Associated dangers– Dehydration– Electrolyte imbalance– Circulatory shock– Infection
Why are dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and circulatory shock related?
What is circulatory shock?
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Rule of Nines
• Way to determine the extent of burns
• Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation
• Each area represents about 9%
Figure 4.11a
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Severity of Burns• First-degree– Only epidermis is damaged– Skin is red and swollen
• Second degree– Epidermis and upper dermis
are damaged– Skin is red with blisters
• Third-degree– Destroys entire skin layer– Burn is gray-white or black
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Critical Burns
• Burns are considered critical if:– Over 25% of body has second degree burns– Over 10% of the body has third degree burns– There are third degree burns of the face, hands, or
feet (suffocation and/or loss of function)
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Skin Cancer Types• Basal cell carcinoma– Least malignant, most common– Dome shaped w/ pearly appearance
• Squamous cell carcinoma– Metastasizes to lymph nodes– Early removal allows a good chance of
cure– Shallow ulcer with firm, raised border
• Malignant melanoma– Most deadly of skin cancers– Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood
vessels
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ABCD Rule for Melanoma
• A = Asymmetry– Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
• B = Border irregularity– Borders of mole are not smooth
• C = Color– Different colors in pigmented area
• D = Diameter– Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter
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Objective Checklist
List the structure (tissue type) and functions of each membrane and give its location in the body
Name the layers of the integumentary system and list characteristics of each
Differentiate between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns
Describe three different types of skin cancer