Warm UpWhat was the outcome of the Great

Compromise? Why did this work?

What do you think of the 3/5 Compromise?

What themes are you noticing in early American history?

3/5th Compromise

Economics…

Themes of Early America•North vs South•Rich vs Poor•Taxes•States’ Rights vs Federal Rights

Do we still see any of these in modern America?

States’ Rights

RefresherWhat sparked the decision to write

a new Constitution?

The Constitutional Convention: 1787, Philadelphia55 delegates from every state besides Rhode Island

“Well read, well bred, well fed”

Most vocal: James Madison and Alexander Hamilton

Trying to fix the problems with the Articles of Confederation

Theories of Government

“If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.

James Madison, Federalist 51“Father of the Constitution”

Theories of Government: Contrasting Ideals

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:• Each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of

size• Congress didn't have the power to tax, or to regulate

foreign and interstate commerce• There was no executive branch to enforce any acts

passed by Congress• There was no national court system• Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a

unanimous vote• Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in Congress

• States could make their own money.

The Constitution: 1789

Completed!

Not ratified (yet)

What do you think the author was worried about?

The Constitution: main ideas• Popular Sovereignty- the people are

the source of power.• Separation of powers.• Checks and balances.• Federalism-State and Federal• Limited government. • Individual rights (limits on

government: the Bill of Rights)

Clauses of the Constitution

The ConstitutionClauses: • The Supremacy Clause-Federal law trumps

state law.• Full Faith and Credit Clause- states must

recognize each other’s laws• Commerce Clause- regulate interstate

commerce• The Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic

Clause)- Congress has the power to pass any law that is “necessary and proper” for carrying out the enumerated powers

Powers

Powers• Expressed/Enumerated Powers ( delegated powers):

listed powers.– Article 1, section 8:• Raise taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate

commerce, declare war, grant patents and copyrights…

• Implied Powers: Powers that are not stated, but are necessary to carrying out the mission of the Constitution.– Highways, dams, prohibiting racial discrimination

• Inherent Powers: Powers that the government has because it is a government.– Regulate immigration, deport aliens, acquire territory,

grant diplomatic recognition (or not) to other nations, protect against rebellion