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Warm ­ Up: Venus Flytraphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUDiDAbY3F8

The Venus flytrap (also Venus's flytrap or Venus' flytrap), Dionaea muscipula, is a carnivorous plant native to subtropical wetlands on the East Coast of the United States. It catches its prey—chiefly insects and arachnids— with a trapping structure formed by the terminal portion of each of the plant's leaves and is triggered by tiny hairs on their inner surfaces. When an insect or spider crawling along the leaves contacts a hair, the trap closes if a different hair is contacted within twenty seconds of the first strike. The requirement of redundant triggering in this mechanism serves as a safeguard against a waste of energy in trapping objects with no nutritional value.

The Venus flytrap is a small plant whose structure can be described as a rosette of four to seven leaves, which arise from a short subterranean stem that is actually a bulb­like object. Each stem reaches a maximum size of about three to ten centimeters, depending on the time of year; longer leaves with robust traps are usually formed after flowering.

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AP Biology Agenda1. Warm­Up ­52. Turn in Week Assignments ­53. Chapter 39 Notes ­404. Transpiration Lab/Flower Lab ­505. Start Week Assignments ­10

AnnouncementsDue Today: Week 9 Spring Assignments and complete "Getting Started" of Transpiration Lab.

Due April 18: Week 10 Spring Assignments

Unit 5 Test out of 68 instead of 70 points

Quiz Monday! ­ Questions will be from end of chapters 35, 36, and 39.

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Chapter 39 Notes

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I. Signal Transducon and Plant Responses

a. A signal transducon pathway couples _________________ of a smulus with

________________ of the organism to the smulus

b. 3 stages of cell‐signaling process (Figure 39.2)

i. ______________ ‐ target cells have receptors that are proteins that

undergo changes in shape in response to a specific smulus

ii. _______________ ‐ small internally produced chemicals (second

messengers) transfer and amplify the signal from the receptor to proteins

that cause the specific response

iii. ________________ ‐ usually involves the increased acvity of certain

enzymes

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II. Plant Responses to Hormones

a. General Informaon

i. Hormones are relavely _________ molecules

ii. They are produced by one part of the organism and translocated to

_________ parts (trigger responses in target cells and ssues)

iii. __________ quanes are required to induce big changes

iv. A reacon depends on the ____________ concentraons of the hormone(s)

b. The Discovery of a Plant Hormone…Auxin

i. Darwin and Darwin (Figure 39.4)

ii. Boysen‐Jensen (Figure 39.4)

iii. ____________ (Figure 39.5)

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c. Examples (See Table 39.1)

i. _________ eg) IAA

1. smulate cell ________________ in shoots and roots

2. transported via carrier proteins and____ pumps

3. Acid‐growth hypothesis (Figure 39.7)

Auxin à H + Pumps à ______ pHà walls breakà water rushes inà cells grow

ii. __________ eg) Zean

1. smulate cell _______ and slows aging

2. move up plant via xylem

3. w/auxin….high CK, low auxin= axillary bud growth low CK, high

auxin = _________ dominance

iii. ______________ eg) GA3

1. promote seed and bud fruit growth

2. act antagoniscally w/abscisic acid

iv. Abscisic Acid eg) ABA

1. inhibits growth and maintains seed ________________

2. causes stomata to ____________

v. ___________ (a gas)

1. promotes fruit ___________ and leaf abscission

2. plays a role in senescence (aging)

vi. Brassinosteroids

1. induce cell elongaon and division in stem segments

2. retard leaf abscission and promote xylem differenaonact in same ways as ___________

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Apical dominance

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phototropism

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III. ______periodism‐ a physiological response to day length

a. Control of flowering (Figure 39.22)

Short day plants require night period _________ than a crical

lengthà fall flowering

b. __________ send photoperiod message to buds to flower (florigen?)

c. __________ (a photoreceptor)Red lightà Pr interrupts night length, Far red lightà

Pfr negates interrupon

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IV. Plant Movements

a. Tropisms‐ growth responses (differenal rate of elongaon)

1. _____________ ‐ light cells on _______ side elongate faster

2. _____________ ‐ gravity

3. ______________‐ touch

b. Turgor Movements (reversible; occur via __________ movement)

1. Rapid leaf movements

2. Sleep movements

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1. Thrips are insects that feed on rose pollen. Scientists noted that the thrips population increased in the spring and decreased dramaticallyduring the summer. The researchers hypothesized that food abundance was the limiting factor for the population. Which of the following types ofdata would be most useful for the scientists to collect at regular intervals on a designated test plot of rose plants?

(A) Amount of sunlight (hours/day)(B) Mean temperature (C)(C) Density of rose pollen produced (g/m2)(D) Amount of pollen produced by eachflower (g/flower)

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1. C

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2. Students in a class measured the mass of various living organisms. They then kept the organisms in the dark for 24 hours before remeasuring them. None of the organisms were provided with nutrients during the 24­hour period.

Which of the following is the best explanation for the pattern of change in mass of the organisms over time?(A) Water loss due to evaporation(B) Cellular respiration(C) The law of conservation of matter(D) Growth and reproduction

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2. B

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Lab Investigation Directions

Cover a small patch of a fern frond with nail polish according to directions

Flower dissection (10) ­ view parts in dissecting scope complete worksheet

Stem dissection (5) ­ answer question 3 in Getting Started, use dissecting scopes

Stomata counting (40) ­ Answer questions through page 6

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Group 1 Group 5

Covert Emma Golovleva Alina

Opalski Samantha Dronkert Emilia

Schulz Gabriel Pecunies Christopher

Easterbrook Amelia Ketcheside Madeline

Group 2 Group 6

Bombardier Nathan Aber Rachael

Williams Carolyn Chiado Julia

Edwards Catherine Keet Curs

Green Haley Harper Ausn

Group 3 Group 7

Thomas Madison Collins Sarah

Madigan Grace Mitchell Andrea

Schneiderman Hannah Wortley Kyra

Moncada Seraphine

Group 4

Shor Miller

Karreman Nancy

Duncan Morgan

Larson Indigo

P2

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Group 1 Group 5

Bigongiari Emma Fling Alexander

Carley Christy Holzer Alyssa

Butler Maxsena Deussen Raya

Cinamon Anna Sawyer Genevieve

Group 2 Group 6

McMillan Anthony Stephens Amy

Alpaugh Spencer Fawley Peter

Gregoire Riley Larson Sarah

Group 3 Group 7

Mooney Nicholas Wise Alison

Lesh Mila Ischer Julianne

Dieterich Oskar Purdy Grace

Alpaugh Kathryn Komok Justeen

Group 4 Group 8

Tolley Nicholas Weleson Robert

Boad Grayden Starbuck Bailey

Derry Alexander Gao Katherine

P4

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Group 1 Group 5

Fay Brian Fearey Jack

Marn Lauren Perry Rachel

Shea Mallory Yearous Emma

Erickson Frances

Group 2 Group 6

Holt Audrey Myrick Hannah

Rice Sarah Curs Keet

Dore Samantha McCormick‐Dekker Riley

Group 3 Group 7

Kraus Carter Cunningham Conor

McCassey Eryn Jenkins David

Mather Emily Gleason Megan

Group 4

Schweizer Rachael

Ogden Holt

Turpen Sara

McCready Aidan

Period 6

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Exit Question

Reminders

What is the female part of the flower called?

Due Today: Week 9 Spring Assignments and complete "Getting Started" of Transpiration Lab.

Due April 18: Week 10 Spring Assignments

Unit 5 Test out of 68 instead of 70 points

Quiz Monday! ­ Questions will be from end of chapters 35, 36, and 39.