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Feb 2410:17 PM

Warm Up: True or False1. Evolution is as much a fact as the fact that planets go around the Sun.

2. Evolution is something a person should either believe in, or not believe in.

3. Evolution is a process that includes the origin of life.

4. Evolution is primarily concerned with the origin of humans.

5. According to evolution, people came from monkeys a long time ago.

6. Evolution was first proposed and explained by Charles Darwin.

7. Evolution is also known as "Natural Selection".

8. Evolution is something that happened only in the past; it is not happening now.

9. Evolution is something that happens to individual organisms.

10. Evolution is a totally random process, a series of accidents.

Feb 249:00 PM

Unit Five Evolution Key Terms: Species: A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

Fossils are traces of organisms that existed in the past. The locations of fossils in different rock layers give scientists insight to earth's past.

Variation: The differences in the physical traits among individuals in a group of organisms. (Variances in genetic code)Adaptation: Is a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment.

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Feb 249:57 PM

Evidence of EvolutionEvidence of common ancestry among species comes from many sources

Fossils:

Fossils can give us an image of changes over time. The bottom layers of rock are the oldest, and contain fossils of more ancient organisms. The upper layers are the youngest and contain more recent organisms.

Feb 258:11 AM

Scientists have collected thousands of well dated fossils from around the globe. These fossils clearly show a progression of organisms through time.

Animals without backbones predate vertebrates. Amphibians appear after fish, mammals appear after reptiles, and no complex life occurs in rocks nearly as old as those containing the oldest fossil bacteria.

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Feb 258:37 AM

Coelacanth: The living fossil fishAn ancient order of fish with two recently discovered(1999) extant species.The first fossil evidence of the Coelacanth dates back to the Devonian period about 380 million years ago. A jawbone belonging to a Coelacanth was found in Australia and was dated to be approximately 360 million years old.They were believed to have become extinct at the end of the cretaceous period (end of dinosaurs) but two species still exist today.

Interesting Fact

Feb 258:58 AM

Close Reading Activity: The Galapagos IslandsDirections for Close Reading: 1. Number the paragraphs2. Break up the article into groups of 23 paragraphs by topic3. Circle key terms, underline organisms4. Left margin: summarize each group of paragraphs in 10 words or less5. Right margin: Write down questions or draw a picture.6. At the bottom, write one thing you will take away from this article. 

IN CHARLES DARWIN'S DAY, the Galápagos Islands were perhaps the best place in the world to observe evidence of evolution by natural selection. They still are.

The 19 islands are the tips of volcanoes that began emerging from the ocean some five million years ago, steaming with fresh lava and devoid of life. The plants and animals that dwell there today are descended from castaways that arrived by sea or air. Finches and mockingbirds were blown off course by storms; iguanas floated on rafts of debris; and the treelike scalesia plants are the overgrown progeny of sunflowers that made landfall via airborne seeds. It's easy to study the diversity of species here in part because there aren't all that many species to see.

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Feb 277:28 AM

Warm Up Wednesday February 27th

Is the fossil record alone a valid source of evidence for evolution? Why or why not?

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/quicktime/e_s_3.html

Class Zone 10.1 and 10.2 due Friday

Feb 258:01 AM

Anatomy Scientists understood anatomylong before Darwin's idea of Evolution

Homologous Structures: Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and may have different functions.(Front limbs)

Analogous structures: Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin. (Wings of birds, bats, butterflies)

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/quicktime/e_s_3.html

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Feb 252:32 PM

Vestigial structures: small leftoverorgans or structures that had a function in an earlier ancestor. (Pelvic bones in whales and snakes, Appendix, Tailbone, wisdom teeth)

Feb 268:12 AM

Embryology the study of development

Background: In the 1700s people believed that at conception, organisms were simply a smaller version of themselves that grew larger. It wasn't until later that Anatomists and Physicians believed that organisms developed from a formless egg and became increasingly complex, an idea they called Epigenesis.

The similarities in developing embryos of several species of animals suggest common ancestry and common mechanisms for cell division and specialization.

 

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Feb 269:05 AM

Geographyorganisms changed to adapt to their specific environments

Similar organisms can befound around the globe but they differ because ofthe changes in their environment.

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Feb 262:18 PM

GeographyBiogeography is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world.

Darwin hypothesized that the finches from the Galapagos had migrated there from the mainland. Different islands had different food sources, climates and predators. The different environmental factors favored different traits.

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Feb 269:19 AM

Genetic Evidence: Genome Sequencing

Since 2003, researches have continued to sequence the genome of hundreds of other organisms. A study in 2005 revealed that human DNA is 96% similar to Chimpanzee DNA. By comparing genomes, genetics can give us a clearer picture of relatedness and common ancestry

Figure 2: Human PKLR gene region compared to the macaque, dog, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish genomesNumbers on the vertical axis represent the proportion of identical nucleotides in a 100bp window for a point on the plot. Numbers on the horizontal axis indicate the nucleotide position from the beginning of the 12kilobase human genomic sequence. Peaks shaded in blue correspond to the PKLR coding regions. Peaks shaded in light blue correspond to PKLR mRNA untranslated regions. Peaks shaded in red correspond to conserved noncoding regions (CNSs), defined as areas where the average identity is > 75%. Alignment was generated using the sequence comparison tool VISTA (http://pipeline.lbl.gov).

Feb 269:37 AM

Molecular and Genetic Evidence

All living things share the same genetic code, and make most of the same proteins from the same 20 amino acids.Some genes are found in many organisms from fruit flies to humans and therefore give evidence of a very distant common ancestor. Example: Homeobox gene for developmentOrganisms have similar cells and the similar cellular components (nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria)

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Feb 262:31 PM

The Theory of Evolution is...

A process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

The offspring of these ancestors become an entirely new species.

Feb 278:40 PM

Warm Up Thursday February 28th What were the five main categories that the evidence for evolution fell under?

Rate them 1-5 from strongest evidence to weakest and describe the strongest point.

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