Warm up- Spiral Review

What caused a swing of momentum in favor of the Patriots in the war?

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION: 1776-17834-9 The War Moves South

War in the West Some natives fought w/

Colonials, most sided w/ Brits Saw them as less of a threat

than colonists Colonist were to eager to spread

into native land West of the App. Mts.

Brits & natives Lead brutal attacks on the

colonists Henry Hamilton controlled Fort

Detroit Main British base in the west Called Hamilton the “hair buyer”

He paid natives for scalps of colonists

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Glory at Sea While fighting on land con’t, battle @

sea raged too Brit Navy patrolled American harbors

Kept Patriot ships, & their allies too from entering harbors

British blockade prevented supplies & reinforcements from Continentals

To break blockade… Congress orders 13 ships made

Only 2 hit sea B4 end of war Other ships captured or destroyed

Brits make short work of new “navy” Too weak to be effective, need help

fast!!! Congress hires 2,000 Privateers,

private-owned merchant ships w/ guns to attack Brits Basically, paid pirates Do very well !!!

Pirates or

Privateers ?

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John Paul Jones Daring, young navel officer 1777- Begins raiding British ports

Sailed in old French ship gotten 4 him by Ben Franklin Named it after Franklin’s Poor Richard’s

Almanac Bonhomme Richard (Good Richard)

Sept. 1779- sails near coast of Britain! British fleet sees him

Warship Serapis attacks 2 fight for 3+ hours!!!

Bonhomme Richard so badly damaged that Serapis asks if wants to surrender

“I have not yet begun to fight!” he replies In end, Serapis surrenders but…

Bonhomme Richard sinks soon after Victory makes him a navel hero

“I have not yet

begun to fight!”

Struggles in the South In early years, colonists

won many battles in south Crushed Loyalist militia at

Battle of Moore’s Creek (Wilmington)

Saved Charles Town too But Brits realized

underestimated Americans Changed their strategy

Hard-hitting offensive Concentrated their efforts in

south More loyalist support Major cities were port cities

Use British navy to assist Strategy works!

British Victories Late 1778- British Gen. in

Command Henry Clinton sends 3,500 redcoats to take Savannah, GA Brits take city, & most of state

1780- Clinton himself heads south Attacks Charles Town, SC

Surrender in May Take 1,000’s of prisoners! WORST DEFEAT of war

Clinton heads back to NY Leaves Gen. Lord Cornwallis in

command of war in south Continentals send Gates’ army to

take him on 1780- Met at Camden, SC

Easily defeats Gen. Gates who flees

Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis

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Guerrilla Warfare New style of warfare

overtakes countryside Colonial militia appeared

suddenly, struck, then disappeared

Called… Guerrilla Warfare, hit-&-run

technique Catches Brits off-guard

Leader of these Patriot guerillas, Francis Marion Operated out of the swamps

of SC Known as the “Swamp Fox” Quick & extremely smart Basis of main character in The

Patriot

Patriot Victories in the Carolinas

After Cornwallis’ victory over Gates @ Camden, SC Move north through NC

Sept. 1780- @ Battle of King’s Mountain Brit officer & 1,000 Loyalists try to defend it Patriots attack

Force British retreat out of NC backcountry Victory brings new support for Colonials

Oct. 1780- Gen. Gates is replaced by Nathaniel Greene Splits Continental army of South in 2

Jan 1781- Colonials under Gen. Daniel Morgan defeat Brits @ Battle of Cowpens, SC

Reunite March 1781- to take on Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse Present-day Greensboro, NC Colonials forced to retreat, but… Losses so severe for Brits, Cornwallis forced

to leave the Carolinas

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British Retreat April 1781- Cornwallis

marches north to VA Raids throughout the state

Nearly captures VA Governor Thomas Jefferson!

Jefferson flees on horseback just ahead of Redcoats

Washington sends Lafayette south to take on Cornwallis Cornwallis sets up camp @

Yorktown Awaiting orders from Clinton

in NY War in south about to come

to bloody end!

Corn

wallis

Su

rroun

ded

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WHelp… I’m Surrounded!!!

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Exit Ticket: Essential Question

The battles in NC and in the south had what effect on the British army?