Warm-Up

Jennifer is on the tennis team and is experiencing pain when she serves. She went to the doctor and was diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis after performing several tests.

Read about lateral epicondylitis on p. 73 in your textbook.

On a sheet of paper answer the following: First, using terms that a doctor would understand,

describe this location and condition to another healthcare provider.

Then, using terms that Jennifer would understand, describe this location and condition to Jennifer.

Word List

My/o oblique Fasci/o –lysis Ten/o

-plegia – Kinesi/o – rectus – Ton/o –

tansverse – Sphincter –

-cele – -trophy

fibr/o

MUSCULAR MUSCULAR SYSTEM, PART 2SYSTEM, PART 2

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Tendonitis (tendin/o + -itis) Inflammation of the tendon caused by

excessive or repetitive use of a joint.

Myalgia (my/o + -algia) Muscle tenderness or pain

Myorrhexis (my/o + -rrhexis) Rupture of the muscle

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Dystaxia (dys- + tax/o + ia) Difficulty controlling voluntary movement

Contracture Abnormal shortening of the muscle tissue making the muscles resistant to stretching

Spasm (cramp) Sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or a

group of muscles

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Bradykinesia (brady + kinesi/o + ia) Extreme slowness in movement

Myasthenia Gravis Chronic autoimmune disease where there is

difficulty in the neuromuscular function causing episodes of extreme muscle weakness. Frequently affects the muscles that control eye movements, eyelids, chewing, swallowing, coughing and facial expression.

What kind of problems could the patient have??

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Muscular Dystrophy (dys + trophy) Group of disorders that cause muscle weakness

without affecting the nervous system.

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy Form of muscular dystrophy that appears from 2-6

yrs of age and progresses slowly. Survival beyond late twenties is rare.

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Fibromyalgia (fibr/o + my/o + -algia) Chronic disorder of unknown cause. Causes

widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue. This syndrome does not cause joint

deformity, is not a progressive illness, and is not crippling.

Tender points Abnormal areas of soreness. Usually in predictable

locations at the base of the neck, along the spine, in front of the hip and elbow and behind the knee and shoulder.

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Rotator Cuff tendinitis Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff. The

condition is often named for the cause (tennis shoulder, pitcher’s shoulder). See figure 4.12, p. 72

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Occurs when the tendons passing through the

carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen. Swelling creates pressure on the nerve as it passes through the tunnel, causing pain, burning, and tingling in the fingers and hand. See figure 4.13, p. 73

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Sprain Injury to a joint (ex. - ankle, knee, wrist).

Frequently involves a stretched or torn ligament. Ligaments attach bone to bone.

Strain Injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of

a tendon. Usually associated with overuse injuries.

Tendons attach muscle to bone. Shin Splint

Pain caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia. Usually caused by repeated stress to the lower leg.

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Paralysis Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement

due to disease or injury. Damage can be temporary or permanent.

Paraplegia Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the

body. Spinal cord injury is below cervical vertebra

Disorders of the Muscular Disorders of the Muscular SystemSystem

Quadriplegia (quadr/i + -plegia) Paralysis of all four extremities.

Spinal cord injury involves the cervical vertebra. Above C5, respiration is affected.

Hemiplegia (hemi + -plegia) Total paralysis on one side of the body. Usually

associated with stroke or brain injury. Damage to one side of brain causes paralysis on

the opposite side of the body.

Diagnostic ProceduresDiagnostic Procedures Electromyography (electro- + my/o + graphy)

Records the strength of the muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation

Deep Tendon Reflexes Reflexes are tested with a reflex hammer to strike

the tendon. No response or an abnormal response may

indicate a disruption of the nerve supply to the involved muscles.

Treatments / ProceduresTreatments / Procedures

Medications Anti-inflammatory medications (Advil, Motrin) are

commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation muscular problems.

Physical Therapy May be used to restore function through the use

of exercise, heat, massage, etc… to improve circulation, flexibility and muscle strength.

Career OpportunitiesCareer Opportunities

Physical Therapist Provide treatments to improve mobility and

prevent or limit permanent disability; can subspecialize in sports medicine, pediatrics, geriatrics, etc…

Massage Therapist Therapeutic touch to provide pain

relief and encourage healing.

Career OpportunitiesCareer Opportunities

Occupational Therapist Treats people with mental, physical,

developmental and emotional disabilities helping them to develop or maintain daily living skills.

Athletic Trainer Work to prevent and treat athletic injuries and provide rehabilitative services by

massage, corrective exercises, diet supervision, and equipment fittings.

Class Activity

Using your textbook (p. 67-68), draw a line to the muscle on the diagram and then properly label the following muscles:

1) Sternocleidomastoid 2) Pectoralis major 3) External oblique 4) Rectus abdominis 5) Flexor carpi 6) Vastus lateralis 7) Rectus femoris

8) Occipitalis9) Trapezius10) Extensors11) Gluteus medius12) Achilles tendon13) Triceps brachii14) Soleus