Warm UP

• Get out your brochure from yesterday and continue working on it. You have 15 minutes. Anything that is left incomplete is HW due tomorrow.

Agenda

• Brochure (15 min)• 13 Colonies large map (10 min) • You need one colored pencil, crayon, or marker

• New England Notes (20 min)

The Four New England Colonies

The four original New England Colonies were

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

Rhode IslandWho: Roger Williams/Anne

HutchinsonWhy: Religious freedom

Gov’t: Separation of Church and State

Plymouth/MassachusettsYear: 1620

Who: Pilgrims and PuritansWhy: Religious freedom

Gov’t: Mayflower Compact/Assemblies

ConnecticutWho: Thomas Hooker

Gov’t: Fundamental Orders = 1st constitution in the colonies“Consent of the governed”

VirginiaYear: 1607

Who: Virginia CompanyGov’t: HOB

Economy: AgrarianJamestown

MarylandWho: Refuge for

CatholicAct of Toleration gave Catholics freedom of

religion

PennsylvaniaWho: Quakers

Religious FreedomDiverse people

Representative Assembly

New YorkFounded by the Dutch,

New Amsterdam

GeorgiaWho: Debtors

Why: buffer to Spanish Florida

Discussion Question

•Why were the New England colonies founded?

Discussion Question Answer

• Pilgrims and Puritans sought religious freedom

“The New England Way”Due to the extreme faiths of the Puritans and Pilgrims, life in New England centered around the church. The Puritans and Pilgrims believed that the “New England Way” was to work 6 days a week and go to church on Sunday. Everyone in the colonies had to be educated so that they could read the bible.

The New England Way is to work

and go to church…

There is no time for play.

Geography and Climate• The climate of the New England Colonies was colder than the

other two colonial regions because they were the farthest north. The hard rocky soil and long-cold winters made farming difficult in New England.

I can’t farm in this hard, rocky soil !!

Winter in New England

Geographic Features

• Mountains/Hills• Forests• Coastlines

What type of farming did New England settlers rely on?

Plantation Farming

Mercantilism

Long Distance Agriculture

Subsistence Farming

Subsistence FarmingA farm that only produces enough to feed one’s family. Little is leftover for sale.

Subsistence Farming• Since large-scale farming was so difficult in the hard, rocky soil

of New England, most families in New England practiced what is called “subsistence farming”. This is where a farmer operates a small family farm and only grows enough produce to subside on (get by, or feed his family).

Subsistence farming means you only grow

enough for your family and a little to trade

Economy of the New England Colonies

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=457F9120-69AC-4A5F-BCAD-4B71998940DC

Discussion Question

•Why didn’t the New England colonists farm on a wide scale?

Discussion Question Answer• Too cold• Too many hills, mountains • Soil too poor, rocky

Discussion

• What is an industry?

• What kind of industries were successful in New England?

Industry•A field of business

Industry and Economy• Due to the long winters and hard, rocky soil, agriculture

(farming) was not a major industry (business) in New England. Instead, New England colonists looked to the area’s natural resources that could be found in the surrounding forest and sea to survive and make money.

Industry in New England• The natural resources of the New England Colonies included

fish, whales, trees and furs. Lumbering, trade, fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding became very important to the region’s economy.

Lumbering•Cutting down trees

What do you call someone who trades and sells goods for a living?

Merchant

Sales Guard

Sailor

Merchant•A person who buys and sells goods

Characteristics of New England Colonies

• Labor- consisted of indentured servants and voluntary apprentices• Population- Variations of Protestant and English• Most important cities-Boston, Plymouth

Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay Colony)

• Founded by John Winthrop in 1630 and the Puritans for religious freedom

City Upon a Hill

John Winthrop was the governor of the Puritan colony in Massachusetts. John Winthrop told the world that he was making a “City Upon a Hill.” He wanted to use the Puritan’s Massachusetts colony as an example of a perfect city in the eyes of God.

We are making a perfect and

godly city upon a hill

The Church house where all governmental affairs are

conducted

Puritans were “Old School”, Old Testament Strict• You could be put to death for:• Worshipping any God, but the Lord God• Blaspheming the Lord • Stealing a man (for slavery purposes)• Bearing false witness against your fellow man • Children smiting or cursing their parents• Stubborn and rebellious children who don’t listen to their parents

Rhode Island • Roger Williams set up the colony of Rhode Island with

Anne Hutchinson in 1636 as a beacon for religious tolerance and safe refuge against religious persecution at the hands of the Puritans. • Rhode Island became a colony founded on ideals of

religious freedom and toleration.

Roger Williams

• Roger Williams was a pastor who had disputes in Massachusetts under strict Puritan rule. • Williams believed the Puritans unlawfully stole land from the Indians

and the Natives were not properly compensated.• He refused to take a residential loyalty oath in Massachusetts

believing any oath other than to God was idolatry. • He wanted separation of Church and state believing that the

Massachusetts leaders could not punish citizens for parts of the Ten Commandments. • Williams was banished in 1635 from Massachusetts and just barely

escaped deportation back to England with the help of his Native American friends.

Anne Hutchinson• Anne Hutchinson was a church leader in Massachusetts who

had conflict with the Puritan leaders over a difference in theological teachings. • Hutchinson believed that Christ’s salvation is based on faith

and not on good works and morality as the Puritans believed. • She caused division in the Puritan Church with Antinomian

theology, it is by God’s grace and your faith that Christians are saved not by obeying rules and having moral lives.

Connecticut

• Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636 for religious freedom and differences over Puritan governance.

Thomas Hooker• Hooker disagreed with Puritans in

Massachusetts over their position that only church members who owned property could have the right to vote. He favored a more democratic view favoring voting for all men regardless of religious qualification. • Hooker received permission to leave

Massachusetts in 1636 with his congregation.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• First written constitution in the colonies• Set up ideas of representative government, separation of powers,

majority rules, and extended voting rights to all property owning, adult, white males.

New Hampshire• Founded in 1623 by John Mason. • Colonists were both Puritan and Puritan dissenters

under John Wheelwright, a supporter of Anne Hutchinson.

Discussion Question

•Why were Boston and Plymouth so important?

Discussion Question Answer

They are major centers of trade because of their location and great harbors.