Warm Up: Corners

• A tornado has wiped out your neighborhood. You go home to inspect the damage, and there’s a man writing out checks to people whose houses were destroyed. He offers you a check that will be enough to repair your home. He says there are no strings attached and nothing you have to do for it. Why did he give you the money?

• Choose the corner you agree with the most

Objectives

• Content: Interpret a map on the Marshall Plan and rank the top two countries who received aid.

• Learning: List 5 rights guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Cold War

Post WWII and the 1950’s

Rebuilding After WWII

• United States wanted to prevent economic and political instability in Europe.

• Marshall Plan–George C. Marshall’s plan to provide

Europe with massive economic aid ($) to help rebuild their economies and to prevent the spread of Communism (Containment)

Post War Germany

• Germany was partitioned into West and East Germany– West Germany

became Democratic and returned to self-rule after occupation.

– East Germany became Communist and stayed under Soviet control.

Post War Japan• America stayed in Japan

for 7 years to re-build• Japan was demilitarized,

adopted a democratic government, and returned to self-rule

• Japan soon became an ally of the United States

United Nations • Formed near the end of WWII

to prevent future global wars• First United Nations (UN)

meeting in 1946 in California– 50 nations attended and

agreed to settle disputes peacefully

• Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

U.S. Economy• Switched from making war materials to

consumer goods• The economy was strong– Increased demand for American

products–Healthy job market– Increased productivity

• Increase in buying on credit

U.S. Workforce• Men were able to return to work since

economy was booming• Most women returned to caring for the

home and children full time.• Labor Unions became more powerful–Workers gain more benefits–Higher salaries

Life in Post WWII USA

Baby Boom• There was an

explosion of baby births following WWII.

• 1946-1964–79 million

babies were born

Life in Post WWII USA

G.I. Bill of Rights• Gave educational, housing, and

employment benefits to WWII veterans.

Life in Post WWII USA

Women’s Role• Over time, expect women balance

household, children, and a job.• Because of prosperity, the next

generation of women entered workforce in large numbers

Technology in the USA• Explosion of

technology• The airline industry

grew with the use of the Jet engine

• Eisenhower created the interstate highway system

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggtH05LFF3k

Objectives

• Content: – Analyze a political cartoon from the Cold War and

determine its message.– Compare the Butter Battle Book and the Cold War

and explain its symbolism.• Learning: – List the characteristics of the two superpowers.

U.S.A. VS. U.S.S.R.

Origins of the Cold War

Cold War• The state of tension and intimidation

between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. • There was no actual fighting, but the rest of

the world took sides.

Two SuperpowersUnited States• Democracy – government where

supreme power rests with the people.• Capitalism – private ownership of

goods.

Two Superpowers

Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)• Dictatorship – absolute power in

the hands of one person• Communism – all people own

equally

U.S. Policy

• During the Cold War, the United States pledged to help any country threatened by Communism. –Containment - to stop the spread of

Communism

Superpower Competition• Competition took place between the two

superpowers (U.S. and U.S.S.R.) in many areas.–Influence–Weapons–Technology

Influence• After WWII, the U.S.S.R.

dominated Eastern European countries and forced them to accept Communism/ Dictatorship.

• The U.S. used money to influence countries in Western Europe to be Capitalist/Democratic.

“ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent”

-Winston Churchill, 1946

Weapons• Arms Race -

competition for military supremacy (nuclear weapons)

• Both sides want the most powerful weapons and the largest number of them.

Duck and Cover Instructional Video

What is the political cartoon trying to tell people about the Cold War?

Technology• Space Race - competition for space exploration

• Soviets launched first satellite into space (Sputnik)• U.S. was first to land on the moon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDtWnCSsBSQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Objectives

• Content: – Compare the Butter Battle Book and the Cold War

and explain its symbolism.• Learning: – List facts about telegrams from McCarthy and a

draft from Truman.

Berlin• First serious Cold War conflict• Blockade • Soviet Union blocked cars and trains in and out of

West Berlin. This was an attempt to rid West Berlin of Democracy

• Airlift• U.S. responded by airlifting food and supplies to

the people of West Berlin

https://youtu.be/cH-GVf9floo

http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall/videos/deconstructing-history-berlin-wall

Berlin Wall: built by Soviets in 1961 and stood until November 1989 to keep the two sides separate.

https://youtu.be/_MNNl-oOI7I

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

• U.S. and other free countries signed an agreement called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)– Promise to defend each other against an attack

by a Communist nation (“to attack one is to attack all”)

• In response to NATO, Communist countries signed a similar agreement called the Warsaw Pact. – The U.S.S.R. was the leader

U.S. At Home: The Red Scare

• Red = Communism• Senator Joe McCarthy began a Communist

witch hunt in the early 1950’s. He identified US citizens he believed to be supporters of Communism. (McCarthyism)

• Thousands of people were accused of espionage (spying), ruining their lives and careers.

http://youtu.be/X_uTbVfDtgI

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for the Soviets and were executedhttp://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rosenbergs-executed

Warm Up: List reasons why you think these tunnels were built

Objectives

• Content: – Compare maps from the beginning of the Cold

War to 1962.• Learning: – List reasons the Vietnamese tunnels were built– List the events of the Cold War in chronological

order.

Korean War 1950-1953

• After WWII, Korea was occupied by Soviet Union in the North and the U.S. in the South.

• Both became their own states – North Korea led by Kim Il Sung

(Communist)– South Korea led by Syngman

Rhee (anti Communist)

• North Korea invaded South Korea and the U.S. sent troops to help South Korea resist the spread of Communism.

• After the United Nations sent troops to help South Korea, China helped North Korea.

Korean War 1950-1953

• The war eventually ended in a stalemate• The dividing line between North and South

Korea is almost in the same position as before the war.

Rising Tensions

• U.S. U2 spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union (1960)

• Cuban Revolution (1953-1959)– Overthrow of a pro U.S. government by Fidel

Castro – Cuba becomes Communist

• Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)– Failed U.S.

sponsored invasion of Cuba to take down the Communist government led by Fidel Castro

Cuba

According to this map: Which countries are now Communist?Is the United States containing communism?.

Cuba

• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) – “The closest the world ever came to nuclear war” – U.S. spy plane captures pictures of Soviet nuclear

missiles in Cuba. – President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of

Cuba and demanded the removal of the missiles.

• https://youtu.be/H5ZzL9KsyPY https://youtu.be/-yfIoHXOO9E

Cuba

• 13 day standoff lead to the agreement:–U.S. will never again invade Cuba – Soviet Union will remove all nuclear

weapons from Cuba (U.S. will remove also)http://qz.com/314271/a-timeline-of-us-cuban-relations-since-the-cuban-revolution/

Vietnam

• Vietnam was divided after they won independence from France in 1954.

• North Vietnam was Communist (leader: Ho Chi Minh)

• South Vietnam was not (leader: Diem).

• North Vietnam wanted to unify both states to form one country with Ho Chi Minh as its leader.

Gulf of Tonkin

• Gulf of Tonkin Incident–President Johnson used a

reported attack on two U.S. ships to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution– The resolution granted Johnson

the authority to militarily assist South Vietnam without Congress’ approval.

Vietnam War 1955-1975

• By 1965 U.S. was actively fighting with the South Vietnamese to stop the spread of Communism from North Vietnam.

• Remember the Domino Theory: If one country falls to Communism, all the surrounding countries are at risk to fall too!

http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/cu-chi-tunnels

Rise of Anti-War Protests

• Americans were sharply divided over involvement in the Vietnam War

• Protests increased because there were not enough volunteers for the war. This caused the U.S. government to draft soldiers for the war.

Kent State Massacre May 1970

War Ends in Vietnam

• The Vietnam War finally ended for the U.S. with a cease fire agreement.

• U.S. troops withdrew in 1973.• By 1975 North Vietnam took Saigon and South

Vietnam surrendered.

Objectives

• Content: Decide who won the Cold War and defend your answer.

• Learning: Summarize the events of the Cold War.

Communism’s Height in 1980

Red = Pro Soviet UnionYellow = Pro ChinaBlack – neutral

Problems for the U.S.S.R.

• Too many different ethnic groups, languages and cultures to stay united.

• Unable to keep the country successful with strict communism (and an arms race with the United States)

Berlin Wall

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtYdjbpBk6A&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnYXbJ_bcLc&feature=related

• 1987- U.S. President Ronald Reagan tells Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to “Tear down this wall!”

• 1989 – Berlin Wall is taken down• Germany reunited in 1990.

End of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)

• By December 25th, 1991 the Communist government of the USSR Collapses–15 independent countries–Boris Yeltsin - Russian President

Communist countries today (5)Cuba, China, Laos, Vietnam & North Korea

Who won the Cold War? Explain.