Warm Up1. Complete the “K” section of the KWL chart

about what you already know about cells. Think about what you’ve heard on the news and in other classes. You may write down what you know in bulleted notes.

2. In the next blank page of your notebooks, write at the top KWL chart. You will be asked to cut and paste this chart into your notebook tomorrow.

K W L

What you already know What you want to learn What you have learned

Agenda• Warm-up• Objective: Students will be able to identify the

differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Notes on introduction to cells• Read Article• Complete Chart• Draw a Prokaryotic Cell• Exit Ticket• Complete “W” section and turn in KWL chart

Directions• You do not need to write down what is on each

slide word for word• I have underlined and put in bold the information

that I expect you to write in your notebooks• I encourage you to find ways to shorten words or

abbreviate. Examples:– “Something” s.t.– “The cell is the most basic unit of life”

cell = basic unit of life

a. A theory is a well tested hypothesis that can explain a broad range of observations

b. The cell theory applies to all living things

c. The cell theory has three main Principles

I. Cell theory

Principle # 1All organisms are made of one or more cells.– Some organisms are made up of just one cell – Others are multicellular or made up of many

cells

The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Principle # 2

Principle # 3

All cells are produced by preexisting cells.

II. All Cells

A. Tend to be microscopic

B. Have a few key STRUCTUREs:i. are enclosed

by a membrane.

ii. are filled with cytoplasm.

iii. Contain genetic

material

Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

cell membrane

cytoplasm

III. Two types of CellsBoth types of cells contain the root word “karyose” which

refers to the nucleus

a. Prokaryotes– “Pro” means before– “Pro” + “karyose” = before a nucleus

b. Eukaryotes– “eu” means true– “Eu” + “karyose” = having a true nucleus

Read the article

• Answer the questions in your notebook as you read.

Copy the following chart

Prokaryotes Similarities Eukaryotes

IV. Prokaryotic CellsA. Are the most basic cellsB. Unicellular = made of one cellC. Contain simple STRUCTUREs

– Cell membrane– cytoplasm– genetic material (DNA) just floats around

in the cell– Organelles, like ribosomes, that do not

have membranesD. Example: Bacteria

V. Eukaryotic CellsA. Contain the same simple STRUCTUREs

of Prokaryotes

B. Contain a nucleus which holds the genetic material

C. Have multiple organelles with membranes

D. Can be Unicellular or Multicellular

E. Example: Plant or Animal cells

Draw a Prokaryotic Cell

When you’re done….

• Start to fill in the “W” section of your KWL chart.

• You should write questions about things you want to learn in complete sentences.

Label each of the parts below

Exit TicketDirections: Take out a half sheet of paper and write your

name, date and period at the top.

1. What does the word “prokaryote” mean?

2. What are the two main things that

prokaryotes do NOT have?

3. What are the three principles of the cell

theory?

Warm upWrite the questions and answers in your notebooks!

1. Which type of cell contains a nucleus and organelles?

2. What do ALL cells have in common? (Name 3 things)

3. Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

4. Do we need cells to be alive?

Agenda

• Warm up & Collect Reading Guides• Objective: SWBAT create a foldable that

contains the structures and functions of each organelle in a typical eukaryotic cell.

• Foldable• Draw prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and

label all their parts• Exit Ticket

Foldable

What are organelles? Organelles are specialized STRUCTURES

that perform important jobs within eukaryotic cells

Our body contains organs. Each organ has a specific role to play, which impacts the body as a whole. An organelle is like an organ for the cell.

For each organelle (cell organ) I will give you its STRUCTURE and its FUNCTION.

– The STRUCTURE is a short description of what the organelle looks like, where it is found, and how we can recognize it.

– The FUNCTION is what the organelle does…it’s purpose.

CytoplasmA. STRUCTURE: jellylike substance inside

cells that contains molecules and/or organelles

B. FUNCTION: It supports the cell… kind of like bubble wrap or packing peanuts protect a package.

Cytoplasm

I. Nucleusa. STRUCTURE: large organelle in the center of

the cell that stores most of the genetic information.

- The “brain” or control center of the cell.

b. FUNCTION: -Stores genetic material (DNA) that code for proteins

- Controls most cell processes

-Involved in DNA replication during cellular division

Nucleus

II. Cellular membraneA. STRUCTURE: thin, flexible layer of lipid

that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment.

B. FUNCTION: 1. Controls what goes in and out of the cell

2. Provides protection

Cellular membrane

III. RibosomeA. STRUCTURE: small organelles made of

RNA and proteins that are found on endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm.

B. Function: Makes proteins by linking together amino acids.

Ribosome

IV. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):A. Structure: interconnected system of

folded membrane attached to the nucleus. Can be rough or smooth.

B. Function: - site of ribosomes (only rough ER)- site of production of proteins and

lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

V. Golgi Apparatus:A. Structure: Closely layered stacks of

folded membrane NOT attached to the nucleus

B. Function: process, sort and deliver proteins to other organelles or outside of the cell.

- Sometimes modify and package proteins

Golgi Apparatus

VI. Mitochondria:A. Structure: bean-shaped organelle with

cristae (folds) on the inside and a double membrane.

B. Function: supply energy to the cell in the form of ATP by breaking down sugars.

Mitochondria:

VII. LysosomesA. Structure: small membrane-bound

organelles that are filled with enzymes.

B. Function: Break down…i. Molecules for the cell to use

ii. Damaged or worn-out cell parts

iii. Invading bacteria or viruses

Lysosomes

VIII. VacuolesA. Structure: fluid-filled sac that is large

in plant cells and small in animal cells

B. Function: Used to store materials like water, food and enzymes as well as provide support for plant structures.

Vacuoles

IX. Cell WallA. Structure: A rigid layer that surrounds

the cell membrane in plant cells.

B. Function: To provide support, protection, and shape for the cell

i. The cell walls can attach to one another to support the organism

ii. Cell walls are made of different materials depending on the organism

i. Example: Cellulose

Cell Wall

X. ChloroplastA. STRUCTURE: have a double membrane

and stacks of disc-like shapes containing chlorophyll.

B. FUNCTION: Use energy from sunlight to make food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis.

i. Chlorophyll gives plants their green colorii. Like mitochondria because it provides

energy

Chloroplast

Exit Ticket1. Which organelle makes proteins

and is located in the cytoplasm or on the surface of the ER?a. nucleusb. golgi apparatusc. ribosome

2. Which STRUCTURE packages and transports proteins to other organelles or outside of the cell?a. Golgi apparatusb. lysosomec. endoplasmic reticulum

3. Which STRUCTURE in the picture to the right stores the genetic information?

4. What is the function of lysosomes in the cell? Answer in complete sentences.

Warm-up

• What is an example of a monosaccharide carbohydrate?

• Which structure in a cell breaks down the carbohydrate from number 1 into a form of energy the cell can use?

• Name three organelles whose function deal with proteins (Ex. Transports proteins)

Agenda• Warm-up & Collect Reading Guide 3.2• Objective: SWBAT compare and contrast

plant cells and animal cells AND determine whether viruses are living using evidence.

• White Board Practice• Compare and Contrast Plant and Animal Cells• Viruses – Video clip

White Board Directions• Use the color marker that you receive• Only write answers to the questions on the white

boards– If I see you writing notes or doodling, I will take the

white board away and you will have to turn in the answers on a sheet of paper.

• Please close the marker caps when you are not using them

Can you identify the organelles?I’m a real “powerhouse”

That’s plain to see

I break down food

To release energy

What am I? ______________________

I’m strong and rigid

Getting through me is tough

I’m found only in plants

But I guess that’s enough

What am I? ______________________

I’m the brain of the cell

Or so they say

I regulate cell activities

From day to day

What am I? ____________________

Found only in plant cells,

I’m green as can be

I make food for the plant

Using the sun’s energy

What am I? ______________________

I’m a series of tubes

Found throughout the cell

I transport proteins

And other things as well

What am I? ___________________

I’m full of holes

Flexible and thin

I control what gets out

And what comes in

What am I? _________________

Proteins are made here

Even though I’m quite small

You can find me in the cytoplasm

Or attached to E.R.’s wall

What am I? ______________________

I’ve been called a “storage tank”

By those with little taste

I’m a sac filled with water

Food, enzymes, or waste

What am I? ______________________

Since I contain many enzymes,

I can digest an injured cell;

And can break down a large molecule

Into a smaller one as well

What am I? ______________________

I’m a maze of membranes

Proteins are packaged and transported here

Then they are exported

To organelles and cells that are near

What am I? ______________________

Eukaryotic Cells• Review:

– Contain a nucleus– Have a cell membrane– Contain membrane-bound organelles

• Plant and Animal Cells are both types of Eukaryotic Cells

Plant cells Similarities Animal cellsCopy the following chart in your notebook

Similarities• Both plant and animal cells have:

– Cell membrane– Cytoplasm– Nucleus– Membrane-bound organelles like

mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes

ANIMAL PLANT

Nucleus

CellMembrane

Differences• Plant Cells

– Have cell walls that give them a rigid structure• Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane• This is one reason why plants cannot move freely

– Typically rectangular in shape– Contain chloroplasts and large vacuoles

• Chloroplasts: use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make energy in the form of glucose

• Large Vacuoles: to store water and other nutrients and support parts of the plant

PLANT CELL

Cell wall

Large vacuole

Chloroplast

Differences• Animal Cells

– Do NOT have a cell wall because they need to be able to move around freely

– Do NOT have a chloroplast because they do no go through photosynthesis

– Contain small vacuoles• They do not need the additional support from a

large water supply

ANIMAL CELL

Fill in the chartOrganelles Plant Animal

Vacuole

Yes No

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Yes Yes

Shape

Label Cells Worksheet

Viruses• Structure

– Made up of genetic information in the form of DNA or RNA

– Contain a protein coat called a capsid

Where do viruses fit in?• First, we have to figure out whether or not viruses

are even alive• 7 Characteristics of all living things:

– Made up of one or more cells

– Able to grow– Able to respond or

adapt to the environment

– Able to evolve as a species

– Able to reproduce– Able to maintain

homeostasis– Able to obtain and use

energy

Viruses• What can viruses do that all living things

must be able to do?

• What can they NOT do?

Viruses

• Viruses need a host cell in order to make more viruses.

Life Cycle of a Virus• Infection: virus attaches to cell and

injects DNA or RNA

• Replication: DNA of viruses is copied by the cell

• Assembly: newly made viruses are put together

• Lysis: when a cell ruptures, or breaks apart, causing cell death

Video• http://

www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2009/10/23/114075029/flu-attack-how-a-virus-invades-your-body

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8819B0AE-8366-4E0F-938F-1B9FC9D57EA7&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Review• Virus enters the body through one of our passageways• Proteins on virus must match up with proteins on surface

of a cell in order to trick the cell into allowing it inside• Genetic information of virus is encoded into cell’s genetic

material• Host cell makes a copy of the virus during protein

synthesis• Newly made viruses burst through the cell membrane,

causing cell death

Virus Cycle

Draw a Prokaryotic CellLabel each of the parts below

Exit TicketDirections: Take out a half sheet of paper and write your name, date

and period at the top.

1. What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?

2. What happens after viruses are assembled in a cell ?

3. Do you think that viruses are living or nonliving? Explain your answer with evidence and complete sentences.

Warm-Up1. What is one characteristic of living things

that a virus CANNOT do?

2. Write down two questions that you have about the material before taking the quiz. These questions could be to explain the function of an organelle or what you need to know about plant cells.

Agenda• White Board Practice• Quiz• Start Reading Guide• Planet Earth

– Pay attention so that you can learn some of the ecology concepts that you will need for the CST

White Board Directions• Use the color marker that you receive• Only write answers to the questions on the

board– If I see you writing notes or doodling, I will take the

white board away and you will have to turn in the answers on a sheet of paper.

• Please close the marker caps when you are not using them

Plant and animals cells are examples of type of cell?

Name the organelle: I package and ship proteins to

organelles and other cells.

Name one reason why viruses are NOT considered alive?

What is the organelle

labeled C?

What is the organelle

labeled A?

What is the organelle labeled I ?

What is the organelle

labeled F ?

Based on its shape, what type of cell is

this?

___________ are specialized structures in cells that have

important jobs.

Where are proteins made in a cell?

Which organelle serves as the cleaning crew for the cell?

What does the mitochondrion do?

What are three things that ONLY plant cells have?

The cell membrane is mostly made up of which

biomolecule?

a. Carbohydrates

b. Lipids

c. Proteins

d. Nucleic Acids

Which organelle is small in animal cells and large in plant

cells?

Bacteria is an example of what type of cell?

What does a eukaryotic cell have that prokaryotic cells and

viruses do NOT?

What is the gooey substance that all the organelles float in?

Planet Earth questions• Every part of planet Earth is touched by the ____________.• In which month does the sun hit the Arctic? _____________.• The mother Polar Bear goes ________ months without food?

__________• Caribou herds can travel up to __________ miles during their

journey.• What produces so much Oxygen that it changes the atmosphere?

High elevation ____________• The world’s rarest cat is the _________ Leopard, found in Russia.• The rainforest covers only ___% of the Earth but contains more than

____ of its plants and animals.

Warm-up1. Why do animal cells not have a

chloroplast? Answer in complete sentences.

2. Why do you think plant cells have a square-like shape?

Comparing Cells Lab• Agenda

– Go over parts of a microscope– Fill in Microscope handout– Model how to make a wet mount slide and lab

directions– Complete Lab and Lab handout– Discuss results

Making a Wet Mount Slide1. Get a clean __________ and ______________ from

your teacher.

2. Be careful with ____________________ because it can stain your clothing or irritate your skin.

3. Place _____ drops of water in the middle of the slide. If there is too much water, the coverslip will not hold the cells in place.

4. Place one _______ of the coverslip just outside the water on the slide.

5. Slowly _____________ the coverslip on top of the water.

Making a Wet Mount Slide6. Pick up the slide with ________ _________. Place the

slide on the ___________ and view it first with the ________ objective. Once you see a general image of the cells, you can rotate the _______________ to view the slide with different objectives.

7. When you’re done viewing one slide, carefully take it off the _________ with ________ __________.

8. After viewing all of the slides, clean off both the ________________ and _________ with water and ________ them down with paper towels.