Warm Up 3/20

What is the relationship between labor unions and immigrants in the early 1900s?

US HISTORY

Goal 6

Reasons for Imperialism

Imperialism- stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories

 Reasons Desire for military strength

Alfred Mahan- US admiral in navy- build navy to compete with other nations

Modern battleships- Maine and Oregon New markets for US goods

US needed raw materials for its’ factories US needed markets for its’ agricultural and manufacturing products

Belief in cultural superiority Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest; racial superiority of Anglo-

Saxons Religious Purposes

Spread Christianity

Purchase of Alaska

Secretary of State William Seward Buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million Become known as Seward’s Folly-

thought buying Alaska was silly Alaska will be rich in natural resources

Oil, gas, etc Will be a good deal

Alaska become 49th state in 1959

Annexation of Hawaii

Hawaii US takes Midway Islands in 1867 Americans had been using Hawaii since 1790s American sugar plantations grow rapidly ( 3/4 of

islands wealth) US imposes tariffs on its’ territories (McKinley Tariff of

1890) American sugar plantations cry for annexation 1887- US starts to use Pearl Harbor as a naval base 1897- President Cleveland and Congress proclaim

Hawaii a territory 1959- Hawaii becomes 50th state

Interest In Cuba

US supported Cuban rebellions in 1868 and 1878 1895- Cuba revolts under Jose Marti 1896- Spain sends Valeriano Weyler to end revolt Around 300,000 Cubans put in concentration camps William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer use yellow

journalism to create exaggerated accounts of the conditions in the concentration camps to create sympathy for Cuban people

Creates war fever in America Spain gives in a little- give Cuba limited self-government De Lome Letter- letter stolen by Cuban rebel that criticized

President McKinley as weak. USS Maine sent to Cuba to bring home American citizens. The

USS Maine blew up. Spain was blamed.

Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

Yellow Journalism

The use of stories that are exaggerated and used to build war fever

War with Spain

War declared on April 20, 1898 US invades Philippines and destroys the

Spanish fleet (navy) Spain will surrender the Philippines in August Set up a blockade of Cuba Rough Riders- group of volunteer cavalry led

by Theodore Roosevelt San Juan Hill- US troops defeated Spanish

and forced them to flee US will invade Puerto Rico in July

The Rough Riders

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Peace terms Spain frees Cuba Spain gives Guam and Puerto Rico to the US Spain sells Philippines to US for $20 million

Debate over Philippines Yes- McKinley said “educate the Filipinos and uplift and

Christianize them.”- Social Darwinism No

Booker T Washington- take care of problems in US Samuel Gompers- argued that Filipinos would compete for jobs

US Senate will ratify the Treaty of Paris U.S. becomes an imperial Power

What will happen to new territories?

 Puerto Rico Immediately after Spanish-American War,

Puerto Rico was under military rule. Foraker Act- end military rule

President of US appoints Governor of Puerto Rico and members of its’ upper house of legislatures

Puerto Ricans elect lower house of legislatures 1917- US gives Puerto Ricans full citizenship

rights and the right to elect both houses of government

Cuba

After war, US military had a big presence in Cuba Gave food and clothing, helped farmers, and

organized elementary schools 1900- Cuba writes its’ own constitution US add Platt Amendment to their constitution

Cuba could not make treaty that would allow foreigners to control any part of Cuba

The US had the right to intervene in Cuba The US could buy or lease land for naval bases

Cuba becomes a US protectorate ( a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power)

US Interest in Panama

US will want to build a canal in Panama Canal would make shipping to Asian

markets faster Construction will start in 1903 and finish in

1914 US will control it until 1977 Today- owned and operated by the

government of Panama

The Panama Canal

US Interest in China

European countries already set up spheres of influence in China

Sphere of Influence- areas where each country claimed rights and economic privileges

US feared they would be shut out John Hay- US Secretary of State Wrote Open Door notes- letters to leaders

of other nations proposing they share trading rights with the US

Other powers accept policy

China Cont.

Boxer Rebellion- group that resented foreign influence in China

Boxers killed missionaries and foreigners International forces will put down rebellion John Hay- write a second series of Open Door

notes Notes reflect US beliefs

Growth of US depended on exports US had a right to intervene to keep foreign markets

open Closing of areas to Americans threatened US survival

The Open Door Policy

Secretary John Hay Give all nations equal access to

trade in China Guaranteed that China would NOT be

take over by any one foreign power

America as a Pacific Power

Reactions to Imperialism

Filipino Revolt Led by Emilio Aguinaldo Filipinos forced to live in designated zones

that were filled with starvation and poor sanitation

Took more than 3 years to put down rebellion Aftermath- US set up a government like the

one set up in Puerto Rico Philippines become independent on July 4,

1946

Reactions Cont.

Mexican Rebellion Under President Wilson, US will intervene

when Mexico is struggling with setting up a new government

Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata will fight against US

Zapata- “It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees.”

Eventually US will back down and avoid war with Mexico because of larger war looming- World War I

Founded in 1899.

Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.

Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

The American Anti-Imperialist league

Teddy Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt Took office in 1901- after McKinley was

assassinated Had Panama Canal built- benefit US navy

and shipping Roosevelt Corollary- addition to Monroe

Doctrine where Roosevelt said European countries could not intervene in affairs in Western Hemisphere but the US could

Big Stick Policy- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick

Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905

Taft and Wilson

Taft Dollar diplomacy- US will invest money in

foreign countries US government guaranteed loans made by

American businesses to foreign countries Wilson

Missionary or Moral Diplomacy US had moral responsibility to deny any Latin

American government that the US viewed as oppressive or undemocratic, or hostile to US interests

Lead to the US involvement in Mexico