Warm UpWarm Up1.1. Find 2 people to work withFind 2 people to work with2.2. Get out homework (vocab terms)Get out homework (vocab terms)3.3. Pick up a Popsicle stick off of my Pick up a Popsicle stick off of my

desk, neatly write your full name on desk, neatly write your full name on it , and put it in the cup on my desk.it , and put it in the cup on my desk.

Welcome to AP Welcome to AP PsychologyPsychology

Let the fun begin Let the fun begin

PrologueWhat makes something scientific?

Describe how the field of psychology evolved from a non science to a science. Use as many vocab terms and people as possible.

OLD BIG issues1. Mind vs. Body2. Acquisition of knowledge ( nature

or nurture)

New Issues1. Nature v Nurture2. Stability v. change

1st 2 Schools of PsychologyStructuralism v. Functionalism

In YOUR own words explain the differences between functionalism and structuralism

New Schools of Psychology8 Psychological Perspectives8 Psychological Perspectives EvolutionaryEvolutionary Behavior geneticsBehavior genetics BehavioralBehavioral CognitiveCognitive Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Biological/neuroscienceBiological/neuroscience SocioculturalSociocultural HumanisticHumanistic

What to Focus onWhat to Focus onWhat each perspective believes What each perspective believes

causes abnormal behaviorcauses abnormal behaviorPossible treatments of each Possible treatments of each

perspectiveperspectiveScientists Scientists What does each perspective focus onWhat does each perspective focus onRead, Discuss and then writeRead, Discuss and then write

What do psychologists study? What is the main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

What is the difference between basic and applied research? How might a psychologist use each type of research?

Introductory Unit- Introductory Unit- History and Approaches History and Approaches

What’s Psychology? What’s Psychology? Psychology Psychology - The science/study - The science/study

of behavioral and mental of behavioral and mental processes.processes.

Psychology developed from Psychology developed from biology and philosophy. Today, biology and philosophy. Today, psychology aims to describe and psychology aims to describe and explain how we think, feel, and explain how we think, feel, and act using the scientific method.act using the scientific method.

Prescientific PsychologyPrescientific Psychology  Socrates and PlatoSocrates and Plato- viewed the - viewed the

mind as separable from body and mind as separable from body and continuing after deathcontinuing after death Inborn knowledgeInborn knowledgeRelied on logic, not observationRelied on logic, not observation

AristotleAristotle- - relied on careful observationsrelied on careful observations mind and body not separablemind and body not separableknowledge not preexistingknowledge not preexisting

Prescientific PsychologyPrescientific Psychology  

Augustine-Augustine- Mind and body are connectedMind and body are connected

Rene DecartesRene Decartes-(1595-1650)--(1595-1650)-Mind and body influence each other (dualism). Mind and body influence each other (dualism). Born with innate knowledgeBorn with innate knowledge

John LockeJohn Locke--Mind is a blank slateMind is a blank slate The mind acts on only what comes in through the The mind acts on only what comes in through the sensessenses

Empiricism-Empiricism- knowledge originates in experience knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentationobservation and experimentation

Psychological Science is BornPsychological Science is BornFirst 2 schools of thought were First 2 schools of thought were

Structuralism and Structuralism and Functionalism Functionalism

Structuralism Structuralism 11stst Structuralism- William Wundt- Structuralism- William Wundt-

Wanted to engage people in introspection Wanted to engage people in introspection (looking inward)(looking inward)

What do you feel, how do you feel?, what What do you feel, how do you feel?, what images are you seeing?images are you seeing?

Wanted to discover the elements of the mindWanted to discover the elements of the mindRequired verbal, smart peopleRequired verbal, smart peopleAt times unreliableAt times unreliableDid not focus on Did not focus on whywhy we feel or see these we feel or see these

thingsthings

Functionalism Functionalism 22ndnd- - FunctionalismFunctionalism- William - William

James James Interested in the purpose of Interested in the purpose of behavioral actionsbehavioral actions

The function of mental operations The function of mental operations in adapting to the environment in adapting to the environment

Memories, willpower, habits……Memories, willpower, habits……Philosophy of Pragmatism Philosophy of Pragmatism Basis of BehavioralismBasis of Behavioralism

7 Current approaches 7 Current approaches ( subfields) of Psychology( subfields) of Psychology

11. . The Behaviorist ApproachThe Behaviorist Approach- - Emphasizes the effect of the Emphasizes the effect of the

environment on shaping behaviorenvironment on shaping behaviorDoes not deny the role of heredity. Does not deny the role of heredity.

(but can’t do anything about it, we (but can’t do anything about it, we can can alteralter the envir.) the envir.)

Emphasizes learning(rewards and Emphasizes learning(rewards and punishments)punishments)

Give me an example of what they Give me an example of what they might studymight study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

22. . The Biological Approach-The Biological Approach-seeks to understand behaviors by seeks to understand behaviors by

studying underlying neurological, studying underlying neurological, biochemical and neuromuscular biochemical and neuromuscular causes.causes.

Looks at the effect of brain damage, Looks at the effect of brain damage, injecting hormones….. on behaviors injecting hormones….. on behaviors

Give me an example of what they Give me an example of what they might studymight study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

3. 3. The Cognitive ApproachThe Cognitive Approach- - Focus on how we encode, Focus on how we encode,

process, store and retrieve process, store and retrieve information information

Focus on the mental processes Focus on the mental processes that intervene between stimulus that intervene between stimulus inputs and response outputsinputs and response outputs

Give me an example of what they Give me an example of what they might studymight study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

4. 4. Psychoanalytic ApproachPsychoanalytic Approach- - Freud FreudViews our unconscious as our Views our unconscious as our

primary determinant of behavior primary determinant of behavior our actions and thoughts are our actions and thoughts are

caused by suppressed instincts caused by suppressed instincts Give me an example of what Give me an example of what

they might studythey might study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

55. . Humanistic ApproachHumanistic Approach- - Human behavior is the result of Human behavior is the result of

free will free will Humans have a basic goodness Humans have a basic goodness

and an innate motivation to and an innate motivation to achieve their full potentialachieve their full potential

Give me an example of what Give me an example of what they might studythey might study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

6. 6. SocioculturalSociocultural- - Look at how behaviors and Look at how behaviors and

thinking vary across situations and thinking vary across situations and culturescultures

Look at how different cultures Look at how different cultures effect behaviors and thinkingeffect behaviors and thinking

Give me an example of what they Give me an example of what they might studymight study

7 Current approaches of 7 Current approaches of PsychologyPsychology

77. . Evolutionary/ sociobiologicalEvolutionary/ sociobiological--Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

and explain behavior patterns as and explain behavior patterns as adaptations naturally selected, adaptations naturally selected, because they increase reproductive because they increase reproductive successsuccess

Give me an example of what they Give me an example of what they might studymight study

Major Issues Major Issues Nature/NurtureNature/Nurture

Biology V. Environment Biology V. Environment Stability Vs. ChangeStability Vs. Change Rationality Vs. IrrationalityRationality Vs. Irrationality

Psychology Subfields Psychology Subfields Basic researchBasic research-builds the -builds the

psychologist’s knowledge basepsychologist’s knowledge baseApplied researchApplied research- practical problems- practical problems Clinical psychologistClinical psychologist – study and treat – study and treat

people. Give and analyze tests,conduct people. Give and analyze tests,conduct researchresearch

Psychiatrists-Psychiatrists- often provide often provide psychotherapy, medical doctor that psychotherapy, medical doctor that can prescribe drugscan prescribe drugs

Organizational/industrial PsychologistOrganizational/industrial Psychologist--

8 Psychological Perspectives8 Psychological PerspectivesEvolutionaryEvolutionaryBehavior geneticsBehavior geneticsBehavioralBehavioralCognitiveCognitivePsychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Biological/neuroscienceBiological/neuroscienceSocioculturalSocioculturalHumanisticHumanistic

What to Focus on What to Focus on What each perspective believes What each perspective believes

causes abnormal behaviorcauses abnormal behaviorPossible treatments from each Possible treatments from each

perspectiveperspective Important psychologists Important psychologists What does each perspective focus onWhat does each perspective focus onRead, Discuss and then writeRead, Discuss and then writeNature/nurture????Nature/nurture????