off-price stores

retail stores offering merchandise at prices less than other retail stores. They acquire out-of-season

products and distressed merchandise from other retailers, including bankruptcies, and from

manufacturers having production overruns. Off-price stores can threaten retailers carrying name-brand

merchandise at full retail prices.

Warehouse clubA warehouse club is a retail store, usually selling a wide variety of merchandise, in which customers are

required to buy large, wholesale quantities of the store's products, which makes these clubs attractive to

both bargain hunters and small business owners. The clubs are able to keep prices low due to the no-

frills format of the stores. In addition, customers may be required to pay annual membership fees in order

to shop.

The concept is similar to the consumers' cooperative supermarkets found in Europe, though using bigger

stores and not co-operatively owned. The use of members' prices without co-operative ownership is also

sometimes used in bars and casinos.

In 1971, the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) opened their very first Warehouse Economy

Outlet (WEO), a warehouse format that only lasted a few years.[1] Sol Price founded FedMart in 1954, an

early US discount store. Sol and his son Robert Price founded Price Club in San Diego in 1976 as their

first warehouse club. In 1982 discount pioneer John F. Geisse founded The Wholesale Club of

Indianapolis, which he sold to Sam's Club in 1991.[2]

In 1983, Costco Wholesale, PACE Wholesale Club and Sam's Club started operations. BJ's Wholesale

Club was started in 1984 by former The Wholesale Club executives and owned by Zayre.

As of 2010, four warehouse club chains operate in the United States. Costco and Sam's Club are the

largest chains. Sam's Club, a division of Wal-Mart, claims a membership base of 47 million persons and

602 stores across the United States.[3] Costco has locations in seven other nations including Canada,

Mexico, the United Kingdom, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Australia. BJ's Wholesale Club is one of two

smaller competitors with stores located primarily in the Eastern United States. FedMart has survived as a

small company owned by West Coast enterpriser Donald L. Kirk. In January 2009, Kirk announced plans

to again expand FedMart; opening two new FedMart stores in 2009, in currently vacant former

department store buildings; as well as opening an online FedMart Clearance/Closeout store.

Sam's Club is an American chain of

membership-only retail warehouse

clubs owned and operated

by Walmart Stores, Inc., founded in

1983 and named after Walmart

founder Sam Walton. As of

2012 Sam's Club chain serves 47

million U.S and Puerto Rican

members and is the 8th largest U.S.

retailer.[2] As of

January 31, 2008 Sam's Club ranks

second in sales volume among

warehouse clubs behind Costco,

despite the fact that Sam's has more

retail locations.[3]

Walmart does not release individual

financial data for Sam's Club, other

than year over year performance.

Sam's Club reported an 8.4% sales

increase in 2012, 3.9% in 2011, -

1.4% in 2010, and 4.9% in both 2009 and 2008. This is significantly higher growth than Walmart U.S.

stores, who did not have higher than 0.3% growth since 2009.[4]

Its major competitors are Costco and BJ's Wholesale Club.

As of May 1, 2012, Sam's Club operated 612 membership warehouse clubs, the vast majority in the U.S.,

but also in Brazil, China and Mexico. There are plans to open 12 new clubs by the end of 2012:

Hendersonville, TN; Lubbock, TX; McAllen, TX; Worcester, MA; Denham Springs, LA; Lincoln, NE; Elgin,

IL; Houston (Pearland), TX; Kansas City, KS; St. Petersburg, FL; Covington, LA; and Wentzville, MO; [2]

As of January 31, 2009, Sam's Club operated 602 membership warehouse clubs in 47 U.S. states

(Oregon, Rhode Island and Vermont are the only states which do not have a Sam's Club), as well

as Puerto Rico, Brazil, China and Mexico.[1][5] Locations generally range in size from 70,000–190,000 sq ft

(6,500–18,000 m2), with an average club size of approximately 133,000 sq ft (12,400 m2).[1]

The current Sam's Club logo first used on September 24, 2006.

Type Subsidiary of Walmart

Industry Retailer warehouse club

Founded 1983

Headquarters Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.

Number of locations 612 (U.S.) (FY 2012)[1]

Key people Rosalind G. Brewer, President/CEO

Products Merchandise

Operating income US$1.6 billion (FY 2009)[1]

Parent Walmart Stores, Inc.

Website www.samsclub.com

Uniwide Sales, Inc.

Type Shopping malls

Industry Shopping Malls

Founded January 1975

Avenida Rizal, Manila

Headquarters Paranaque and Las Pinas

Number of

locations

2

Area served Philippines

Key people Jimmy Gow (Founder,

Chairman and CEO)

Owner(s) Uniwide Holdings Inc.

Website none

Uniwide Sales, Inc. was one of the retail operators in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It was incorporated

in January 1975 by Chinese-Filipino entrepreneur Jimmy Gow to operate Uniwide commercial shopping

centers such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of their malls and department

stores.

Uniwide has about 2,000 employees. The competing retailers of the 70s and the 80s are: COD

Department Store, Ever Gotesco Malls, Plaza Fair andIsetann Department Store but lagged behind SM

Supermalls, Robinsons Malls and Ayala Malls. It has two branches. It is set to be close down by the order

of Securities and Exchange Commission.

History[

The roots of Uniwide date back to January 1975 [1] when it established in Avenida Rizal as Uniwide Sales

Textile Bargain House Center. With the success, the Gow family expanded to ready-to-wear apparel,

accessories and then became a complete department store and supermarket chain. The company

introduced the mass-oriented warehouse club concept in the country in 1988. It opened a warehouse

clubs in prime locations in the country in the next two years, which also started the company’s woes.

Some of its assets in prime location such as its unfinished building in Cubao, Quezon City were already

bought by Puregold Price Club Inc. of the Co family., The warehouse in Marcos Highway were already

demolished and sold the lot to John Gokongwei's Robinsons Malls to pave way for Robinsons Metro

East and in Libis, Quezon City to pave way for Wilcon Depot. Its remaining warehouse club is in the

reclamation area in Roxas Boulevard in Uniwide Coastal Mall in Parañaque and in Metromall in Las

Piñas. From 1992 to 1999, in partnership with RPN-9, They have a quiz show called Battle of the Brains.

In 1998, It entered into corporate rehabilitation during the Asian financial crisis . At that time, the

company’s retail business has a network of eight warehouse clubs and two department stores. Liquidity

problems, however, affected earnings. Sales declined from its peak of P14.5 billion in 1997 to just about

P4.3 billion in 2000.

Name Address

Uniwide Coastal

Mall

Central Business Park II, Coastal Road Junction, Reclamation Area, Parañaque, Metro

Manila, Philippines

Uniwide

MetromallAlabang-Zapote Road, Las Piñas City, Metro Manila

Major Reatailers

SM Supermalls, Robinsons malls, Ayala malls , Greenfield Development, Ortigas, Starmalls, Megaworld Lifestyles malls , Waltermart, Gaisano

Minor Retailers

Ever Gotesco Malls, Isetann Department Stores

Costco Wholesale Corporation is a membership-only warehouse club that provides a wide selection of merchandise. As of July 2012, it is the second largest retailer in the United States, the seventh largest retailer in the world and the largest membership warehouse club chain

in the United States.[3][4]

Costco is headquartered in Issaquah, Washington, United States[5] and was founded in 1976 in San

Diego, CA [6]  with its first warehouse in Seattle.[7] Today Costco has a total of 626 locations in the United

Kingdom (23), Australia (3), Canada (85), Mexico (33), Taiwan (9), South Korea (9), Japan (15), and

the United States (449).[ Found by James (Jim) Sinegal and Jeffrey H. Brotman,[8] Costco opened its first

warehouse in Seattle, Washington, on September 15, 1983.[9] Sinegal had started in wholesale

distribution by working for Sol Price at both FedMart and Price Club. Brotman, an attorney from an old

Seattle retailing family, had also been involved in retail distribution from an early age.[citation needed]

Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton had plans to merge Sam's Club with Price Club.[10] In 1993, however,

Costco merged with Price Club (called Club Pricein the Canadian province of Quebec). Costco's

business model and size were similar to those of Price Club, which was founded by Sol and Robert Price

in 1976 in San Diego, California.[7] Thus, the combined company, PriceCostco, was effectively double the

size of each of its parents. Just after the merger, PriceCostco had 206 locations generating $16 billion in

annual sales.[11] PriceCostco was initially led by executives from both companies, but then Sol and his son

Robert Price founded Price Enterprises and left Costco in December 1994.[7][12]

Costco in Moncton, New Brunswick

Costco in Henderson, Nevada

Costco in Montreal, Quebec

In 1993, when growing competition threatened both Price Club and Costco Wholesale, they entered into a

partial merger just after Price’s earnings dropped to 40%. The new company, named PriceCostco, Inc.,

focused heavily on international expansion, opening stores in Mexico, South Korea, and England. Despite

best efforts to recover losses, sales continued to drop. Disagreement between the two leaders, Robert

Price and Jim Sinegal, regarding company direction and recovery policies soon left the merger in tatters.

In 1994, the breakup was formally announced. Sinegal continued to manage PriceCostco while Price’s

breakaway company was named as Price Enterprises.[13]

The first Price Club location was opened in 1976 in an old airplane hangar,[7][11] previously owned

by Howard Hughes, and is still in operation today (Warehouse No. 401, located on Morena Boulevard in

San Diego).

In 1997, the company changed its name to Costco Wholesale and all Price Club locations were

rebranded Costco.[7][11]

CNBC premiered its documentary "The Costco Craze: Inside the Warehouse Giant" on April 26, 2012.[14]

On March  26, 2001, Retalix Ltd. announced the signing of an agreement with the Costco Wholesale

Corporation that called for the installation of the company's StoreLine Fuel software solutions across 152

Costco retail fuel outlets in the U.S.[15]

Costco today[edit]

In the United States, the main competitors operating membership warehouses are Sam's Club and BJ's

Wholesale Club.[16] Although Sam's Club has more warehouses[17] than Costco, Costco has higher total

sales volume.[18] Costco employs about 174,000 full and part-time employees.[2] As of February 2013,

Costco had 68.2 million members.[1]

Costco was the first company to grow from zero to $3 billion in sales in less than six years.[11] For the

fiscal year ending on August 31, 2012, the company's sales totaled $97.062 billion, with $1.709 billion net

profit.[2] Costco is 24th on the 2012 Fortune 500.[19] The ACSI (The American Customer Satisfaction Index)

named Costco number one in the specialty retail store industry with a score of 83 in Q4 2008.[20]

BJ's Wholesale Club, Inc., commonly referred to simply

as BJ's, is a membership-only warehouse club chain operating on the United States East Coast, as well

as in the state of Ohio.[1] The company is ranked #232 on Fortune magazine's 2010 listing of America's

500 largest public corporations.[4][ The company was started by Zayre, a discount department store chain,

in 1984, on the Medford/Malden border in Massachusetts.

When Zayre sold their own nameplate to rival discount chain Ames, TJX Companies was formed. TJX

spun off their warehouse division, consisting of BJ's and now defunct HomeClub (later known as

HomeBase, then House2Home), to form Waban, Inc. Later, Waban spun off BJ's to become an

independent company headquartered in Westborough, Massachusetts.

The company's name is derived from Beverly Jean, the daughter of the first president of the new

company.[6] The name should not be confused with Berkley & Jensen, a private label brand name sold in

their stores.[7]

In 2011, BJ's was acquired by two private equity firms, Leonard Green & Partners and CVC Capital

Partners.[8]

As of January 30, 2010, BJ's operated 190 BJ's clubs in fifteen states and employed approximately

23,500 team members (both full- and part-time).[1] Its major competitors are Costco Wholesaleand

Walmart's version of a warehouse club concept, Sam's Club.[1][9]

BJ's Wholesale Club in Virginia

BJ's offers a variety of special benefits to its members. These include "member pricing", a variety of

name-brand products at discount wholesale prices, acceptance of all valid manufacturers' coupons, and

acceptance of many forms of payment (cash, check, ATM/debit cards, all major credit cards,

andEBT SNAP benefits).[10] BJ's is the only one of the three major warehouse club chains to regularly

accept Visa as a method of payment.[11]

Memberships at BJ's are required for these benefits and are available to

individual consumers and businesses. BJ's memberships normally last for twelve months from the date of

purchase and are required to be renewed yearly to maintain their validity. As of January 3, 2011, a

standard Inner Circle (individual) membership at BJ's cost $50 per year.[12] In addition, BJ's also has a

special "Rewards" membership that may be purchased for an additional $50,[1][13] allowing 2% of most of a

member's purchases to be "rewarded" and redeemed for use towards future BJ's purchases (with the

exception of alcohol, tobacco, and gas). Business members may apply to purchase BJ's products for

resale, and those of non-profit organizations may apply for tax-exempt privileges (where applicable).

Members with expired memberships (if they choose not to renew), as well as non-members are allowed

to shop, but are assessed a 5-15% surcharge (depending on the club and the circumstances) on their

total, and are not allowed to pay by check. However, if non-members keep their receipts and decide to

renew their membership or open a new membership, they will be refunded the surcharge and applied

towards the membership fee, within seven days.[14] To aid in convenience, most BJ's memberships can be

renewed at the register during checkout. BJ's Wholesale Club has a 100% Satisfaction Guarantee on

their memberships, and therefore a membership can be refunded at any time during that membership

period without any 90- or 30-day stipulation.[15]

Many of BJ's clubs offer special services to members, such as gas stations, home heating

oil, propane filling, an optical department, car rentals, and vacation packages. These services vary from

location to location. As of 2008, there were 154 clubs with optical departments.[citation needed] As of

January 30, 2010 BJ's operated 104 gasoline stations at their clubs.[1] In February 2007, BJ's closed all

pharmacies in its clubs.[14]

BJ's Wholesale Club locations frequently stock different varieties of products at different locations. All

clubs carry the items listed in the coupon book that is published on a bi-monthly basis. However, at

certain times, it is not uncommon for a certain club not to carry a new item immediately due to its higher

demand.[citation needed]

In March 2010, BJ's announced that they will move their corporate headquarters from Natick

to Westborough, Massachusetts in 2011.[1][16] On January 5, 2011, BJ's announced it would close five

underperforming stores in the Southeast and eliminate about 100 headquarters jobs by the end of the

month and restructure its home office and some field operations. Its restructuring moves would result in

78 to 82 cents per share for its fiscal fourth quarter.[17][18]

BJ's carries many organic and natural food brands such as Amy's Kitchen, Kashi, and Newman's Own.

The pros and cons of warehouse store memberships

Warehouse club stores have substantially grown in popularity.  Costco is one of the biggest and

most profitable retail stores and even competes with giant Wal-Mart.  Warehouse club stores

generally have low prices and offer a wide variety of numerous items.  You can find everything from

chicken and fish to televisions and recliners at warehouse club stores, and can usually find these

items for a cheaper price than you could at another retail store.  Although there are these benefits

and more to having a warehouse club membership, there are some disadvantages you should

consider.

Although it is true that food prices are generally less expensive at warehouse club stores than

at conventional grocery stores, warehouse club stores have far less selection and generally

require that you purchase an item in bulk.  This is true even with perishable items.  For example,

even though you can buy a 3 gallon jug of milk for at a warehouse club store for less money per

gallon than you would pay at a conventional grocery store, you have to consider whether you

are actually going to drink 3 gallons of milk before it expires.  If not, you are wasting money by

purchasing your milk at a warehouse club store.

Many people stick to specific brands and do not change.  However, as mentioned above,

warehouse club stores have a limited selection and may not carry your specific brand.  It is

important to keep in mind that warehouse club stores do carry many brands, just not nearly as

many as conventional grocery stores.  As such, if you are partial to a particular brand, your

conventional grocery store may be your only option.

Cheaper prices on bulk items are great when you want to buy non-perishable, non-food items. 

Some of the largest expenses in a household are toiletries and personal hygiene products. 

Deodorant, toothpaste, shampoo, conditioner, soap, and razors, to name a few, are expensive

products that greatly increase your grocery bill.  However, warehouse club stores offer these

products in large quantities for dramatically cheaper prices than conventional grocery stores. 

This is one product area where warehouse club stores stand far above the competition.

Probably the biggest disadvantage of a warehouse club store is that there is generally a yearly

membership.  As such, you have to pay up front to purchase discount items throughout the

year.  Fortunately, the membership fee is not very expensive (usually around $50 per year), and

you easily make that money back in savings after a couple of shopping trips.  However, if you

do not consistently shop at your warehouse club store, you will be wasting money on the yearly

membership fee.

Before you decide to join a warehouse club store, make sure to weigh these advantages and

disadvantages. You will have cheaper prices, but you will have to buy in bulk and will have

limited selection.  This is not great when it comes to food, but is amazing when it comes to

toiletries and personal hygiene products.  Another disadvantage is you have to pay a yearly

membership fee.  Fortunately, the fee is not too expensive, and you should be able to make the

fee up in savings after a couple of shopping trips.  

Outlet storeAn outlet store or factory outlet is a brick and mortar or online retail store in which manufacturers sell their stock directly to the public. Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to a factory or warehouse, sometimes allowing customers to watch the production process like in the original L.L. Bean store. In modern usage, outlet stores are typically manufacturer-branded stores like Gap or Bon Worth grouped together inoutlet malls. The invention of the factory outlet store is often credited to Harold Alfond, founder of the Dexter Shoe Company.

History

Outlet malls first appeared in the Eastern United States in the 1930s. Factory stores started to offer

damaged or excess goods to employees at a low price. After some time, the audience expanded to non-

employees as well.[1] In 1936, Anderson-Little (a men's clothing brand) opened an outlet store

independent of its existing factories. Until the 1970s, the primary purpose of outlet stores was to dispose

of excess or damaged goods.

In 1974, Vanity Fair opened up the first multi-store outlet center in Reading, Pennsylvania. Throughout

the 1980s and 1990s, Outlet malls experienced strong growth. The average outlet mall is opened with

between 100,000 to 200,000 square feet of retail space. This can gradually increase to up 500,000 to

600,000 feet. The average outlet mall has an area of 216,000 feet.[1] In 2003, outlet malls generated $15

billion in revenue from 260 stores nationwide.

The number of malls in the 90s increased from 113 in 1988 to 276 in 1991 and to 325 in 1997.[1]

Outlet malls are not an exclusively American phenomenon. In Europe, retailer BAA McArthurGlen has

opened 13 malls with over 1,200 stores and 3 million square feet of retail space. Stores have also been

emerging in Japan since the mid to late 1990s.[1]

Top 10 Outlet Stores in AmericaEach of these bargain hubs has its own distinct hook that keeps shoppers coming back for more.

1. Chicago Premium Outlets1650 Premium Outlets BoulevardAurora, IL(630) 585-2200premiumoutlets.com/chicagoThe Draw: Michael Kors, Juicy Couture, and Diesel are just a few of the brands that savvy visitors can score for way less than their original prices at the 120 outlet stores in this center, located 45 minutes west of the Windy City. Bonus: Check the website for hotel discounts, too. 

2. Desert Hills Premium Outlets48400 Seminole DriveCabazon, CA(951) 849-6641premiumoutlets.com/deserthillsThe Draw: Surrounded by mountains, practically a coconut’s throw from the famed Palm Springs resorts, this center is a West Coast mainstay. Inside, shoppers snag reduced-price finds from Jimmy Choo, Diane von Furstenberg, and other top designer labels. 

3. Houston Premium Outlets29300 Hempstead RoadCypress, TX(281) 304-5820premiumoutlets.com/houstonThe Draw: This newbie on the outlet scene keeps shoppers happy with stores like Nine West, Elie Tahari, and Ann Taylor Factory under its bustling roof. For even more savings, join the VIP Shopper Club on the website for exclusive coupons and updates. 

4. Las Vegas Premium Outlets875 South Grand Central ParkwayLas Vegas, NV(702) 474-7500premiumoutlets.com/lasvegasThe Draw: Just five minutes off the Strip, this is one of the largest outlet centers in the U.S. Among the 150 stores, you’ll find Polo Ralph Lauren, True Religion, and Lacoste—all good spots to blow your casino winnings. 

5. North Georgia Premium Outlets800 Highway 400 SouthDawsonville, GA(706) 216-3609premiumoutlets.com/northgeorgiaThe Draw: A quaint Georgian village setting greets visitors shopping for Calvin Klein, Pottery Barn, Cole Haan, and more than 130 others at this hot spot, located just 45 minutes north of Atlanta. 

6. Philadelphia Premium Outlets18 West Lightcap RoadLimerick, PA(610) 495-9000premiumoutlets.com/philadelphiaThe Draw: Take a break from all of those Philly cheesesteaks and head over to this recently expanded outlet center. It’s loaded with stores like French Connection, Puma, and Neiman Marcus Last Call, so you’re sure to burn off the calories. 

7. Seattle Premium Outlets10600 Quil Ceda BoulevardTulalip, WA(360) 654-3000premiumoutlets.com/seattleThe Draw: Hit up this outlet mall where Kenneth Cole, Restoration Hardware, J.Crew, and other stores offer their merchandise at prices that’ll make you forget about that Seattle rain. 

8. Waikele Premium Outlets94-790 Lumiaina StreetWaipahu, HI(808) 676-5656premiumoutlets.com/waikeleThe Draw: Say aloha to outlet shopping in Hawaii at a mall well worth a mini hiatus from the beach. You’ll find LeSportsac, MaxMara, Coach, and other stores that will leave you with enough cash to buy a round of Mai Tais later. 

9. Woodbury Common Premium Outlets498 Red Apple CourtCentral Valley, NY(845) 928-4000premiumoutlets.com/woodburycommonThe Draw: This outlet giant— home to 220 stores—has earned legendary status among city-dwelling fashionistas who want high fashion on the cheap. An hour north of NYC, it features Betsey Johnson, Chanel, M Missoni, Swarovski, and Theory. 

10. Wrentham Village Premium OutletsOne Premium Outlets BoulevardWrentham, MA(508) 384-0600premiumoutlets.com/wrenthamThe Draw: After drooling over full-priced items along Boston’s Newbury Street, make the quick trip (just 35 minutes south of the city) to one of the 170 stores at this retail center. At Kate Spade, Saks Fifth Avenue Off 5th, Salvatore Ferragamo, or Banana Republic, you’ll find similar (if not the exact same) goods at half the price. 

Philippines Favorite outlet stores

Lee

Jag

Tribal

Candies

Von Dutch

Difference between oulet Stores and regular Stores

Outlets are DEFINITELY cheaper. Most of the items in outlet stores are "last season" or not carried in the normals stores anymore. Basically like overstock things so they sell them for VERY cheap

 In an outlet they have sales that they do not offer in other stores. Also, sometimes they have/carry things that they don't carry in a mall.

Outlets are definitely BRANDED

Non-store retailingNon-store retailing is the selling of goods and services outside the confines of a retail facility. It is a

generic term describing retailing taking place outside of shops and stores (that is, off the premises of fixed

retail locations and of markets stands). The non-store distribution channel can be divided into direct

selling (off-premises sales) and distance selling, the latter including all forms of electronic commerce.

Distance selling includes mail order, catalogue sales, telephone solicitations and automated vending.

Electronic commerce includes online shopping, internet tradingplatforms, travel portals, global distribution

systems and teleshopping. Direct selling includes party sales and all forms of selling in consumers’

homes and offices, including even garage sales.

Non-store retailing, sometimes also labelled ‘home shopping’, is consistently achieving double-digit

growth, and slowly taking a bigger share of overall retailing. However, it still only represents six per cent

of all retail sales in for instance the United Kingdom (http://rd.kpmg.co.uk/mediareleases/20981.htm). In

some product markets, however, such as travel and books & media, the share is much higher. In

Germany in 2009, 29 per cent of the population were already using the internet to book their holidays

(http://www.v-i-r.de/cms/upload/bilder/df-2010/df-2010-web.pdf). According to Eurostat, 38 per cent of

European consumers consider the internet as the most important source of information about travel [1] and

42 per cent of consumers purchased travel services over the internet in 2008.[2]

The non-store distribution channel is marked by low entry thresholds. Compared to store retailing that

requires a retail outlet, inventory, cash flow to hire staff and advertising, non-store retail start-ups usually

have to invest little to reach out to potential buyers of the goods and services they offer. Non-store

retailing is therefore not only used by established brick and mortar business retailers who develop an

online bricks and clicks business model presence, but also by the individual pure play, often him- or

herself a consumer, to create an EShop or to run sales parties. The rise ofsocial media helps to connect

sellers to potential buyers.

Under Community Law, non-store retailing is heavily regulated

(http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/rights/gen rights en.htm). The Distance Selling Directive 97/7/EC

(Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000, the Doorstep Selling Directive 85/577/EEC,

the E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC (http://ec.europa.eu/internal market/e-commerce/directive en.htm

and Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002 and the Audiovisual Services Directive 2010/13/EU

(http://ec.europa.eu/avpolicy/reg/avms/index en.htm) are the principal regulatory tools to deal with the

most technologically-intensive but also innovative distribution methods.

 Examples of nonstore retailing avenues include vending machines, mail order, home or office parties, and online computer shopping.

DIRECT SELLINGDirect selling is the sale of a consumer product or service, person-to-person, away from a fixed retail location,

marketed through independent sales representatives who are sometimes also referred to as consultants, distributors

or other titles. Direct sellers are not employees of the company. They are independent contractors who market and

sell the products or services of a company in return for a commission on those sales.

Orders are usually placed in person or via the consultant’s Web page. Sometimes the phone is used to place orders

or reorders, but only about 12% of sales take place this way. Home shopping parties are the most widely recognized

sales method, where friends, family or acquaintances get together for a few hours to learn about or sample a range of

products or services. However, the majority (about 70%) of the direct selling industry’s sales actually occur using a

one-to-one approach where one seller may present the products or services to a single consumer.

Just about any product or service can be purchased through direct selling somewhere in the world. Many people think

of cosmetics, wellness products and home décor as products that are often sold through direct sales, but add to that

countless other product categories including kitchen products, jewelry, clothing, organic gardening supplies, spa

products, scrapbooking supplies, rubber stamps and much, much more.

Direct selling should not be confused with other types of sales that take place away from a fixed retail location such

as magazine sales, home repair services, telemarketing, wholesaling, real estate sales, or “work-from-home”

businesses such as envelope stuffing or product assembly.

AVON Philippines

Products: makeup, skin care, personal care, fragrance and intimate apparel

Read more at BusinessDiary.com.ph: http://businessdiary.com.ph/2679/top-direct-selling-companies-in-the-philippines/#ixzz2YuFEhTWx

Boardwalk Business Ventures Inc

Products: Fashion Accessories, Branded Apparel

Dakki classics concepts,inc.

Products: Apparel for men and women, bags, accessories, home products

Ever Bilena Cosmetics Direct Sales

Products: color cosmetics and skin care

MSE Marikina Shoe Exchange

Products: Shoes and Footwear

Natasha

Products: Clothing, intimates, accessories and shoes for men, women and kids; cosmetics (including a Fanny Serrano line); fragrances with tie-ups with Robin Padilla and Jericho Rosales; skin care and hygiene products; and apparel by Reneé Salud

Alliance in Motion Global

Products: Dietary supplements, personal care, beverages and cosmetics placed in four categories — Nutritional Support, Nutritional CosmeCeuticals, Functional Beverages and NaturaCentials

Amway Philippines, L.L.C.

Products: Homecare Products

DXN International Private LTD

Products: Food Supplement

Benefits & advantages of direct selling

Direct selling is the oldest channel of distribution. It exists since ages, fulfilling men's basic need to trade and to

communicate on the goods they exchange.

From the seller's point of view, the major attraction of direct selling is that it offers an equal and flexible income

opportunity to men and women, across all ages, level of experience and social origins. A direct selling activity can be

run from home and does not require a high investment. It can start as a part-time activity and develop into a full time

job, depending on the time and commitment involved. It is a unique alternative to conventional employment. 31% of

direct sellers in Europe come from unemployment or a non-professional area of work1.

For consumers, the benefits of buying through direct selling are multiple: high quality products, opportunity to try and

test them in a relaxed and friendly environment, after sales services and guarantee, right of withdrawal and return of

goods. The direct selling industry offers high level standards of consumer protection whilst enhancing

entrepreneurship for direct sellers.

The Disadvantages of Direct Sales MarketingChannel Saturation

The increasing number of communication channels for marketing messages, such as social media and smart phones, offers more opportunities to reach consumers than ever before. But as the total volume of marketing messages increases, consumers are less able or inclined to give attention to those messages. For example, consumers regularly throw away direct mail pieces and delete marketing emails without even opening them. The saturation of communication channels with marketing messages makes it difficult for any particular message to sway consumers.

Technological Hurdles

Direct sales marketing typically requires a business to build and maintain multiple databases. According to San Diego State University, these databases range from demographic data to consumer consumption profiles. The creation of effective mobile and Internet marketing materials calls for technical expertise in addition to marketing savvy. Businesses that lack in-house staff with the appropriate skill sets for generating mobile and Internet marketing materials face a choice between outsourcing the work, hiring additional staff or foregoing marketing in those channels.

Finite Reach

While some direct marketing techniques, such as email marketing or social media marketing, can potentially reach a very large audience, most direct marketing techniques offer a finite reach. Direct mail pieces and catalogs carry a per-item cost that limits the total items per order for most businesses. The business must assume, correctly or incorrectly, that the total number of items it sends out represents the maximum number of customers the marketing materials will reach. The limited reach of most direct marketing techniques carries an equivalent limit on the amount of potential sales.

Perception Problems

Businesses employing direct sales marketing techniques may also face a perception problem, particularly among first-time, direct sales customers. According to a 2004 study published by Westminster School of Business, customers that do not normally buy from direct sales businesses tend to have a slightly negative perception of both direct sales and direct sellers. Businesses using direct sales marketing must overcome this negative impression with first-time buyers. The study also notes that customers experienced in direct sales purchases carry positive impressions of both direct selling and direct sellers. Unless the business uses a list of known, direct sales customers, it must contend with the likelihood of a negative impression on the part of the consumer.

Home shoppingHome shopping, also known as e-commerce, commonly refers to the electronic retailing/home shopping

channels industry, which includes such billion dollar television-based and e-commerce companies

as Liquidation Channel, HSN, QVC, Jewelry Television, Patagroup.com, eBay, ShopNBC, Buy.com,

and Amazon.com, as well as traditional mail order and brick and mortar retailers as Hammacher

Schlemmer and Sears, Roebuck and Co. Home shopping allows consumers to shop for goods from the

privacy of their own home, as opposed to traditional shopping, which requires one to visit brick and

mortar stores and shopping malls.

There are three main types of home shopping: mail or telephone ordering from catalogs; telephone

ordering in response to advertisements in print and electronic media (such as periodicals, TV and radio);

and online shopping.

The home shopping/electronic retailing industry was created in 1977, when small market talk radio

show host Bob Circosta was asked to sell avocado-green-colored can openers live on the air by station

owner Bud Paxson, when an advertiser traded 112 units of product instead of paying his advertising bill.

Hesitant at first, Circosta reluctantly obliged – and to both men's great surprise, all 112 can openers sold

out within the hour. Paxson sensed the vast sales potential of home-based commerce, and founded the

world's first shopping channel on cable television, later launching nationwide with the Home Shopping

Network (rebranded as HSN). Bob Circosta was America's first ever TV home shopping host,becoming

one of the most instantly recognizable salesmen in theFree World. Over the next three decades, Circosta

sold over 75,000 different products on HSN, netted over 20,000 hours of live, on-air TV selling, and

achieved personal product sales in excess of one billion dollars.[citation needed] The classic television-based

home shopping industry quickly became a major player in the retail industry. The two most successful

shopping channels – HSN andQVC – generate a combined total of over 10 billion dollars in sales every

year.[citation needed] And Jewelry Television is the largest gemstone retailer in the world. [4]

Amazon.com began as an online bookstore in 1994, created by Wall Street computer scientist Jeff Bezos.

In addition to books, Amazon eventually added video games, computer software,electronics, apparel, and

more to its sales repertoire. The company now generates approximately eight-and-a-half billion dollars

annually

EZ shop,

Vending machineA vending machine is a machine which dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol, cigarettes, lottery tickets, cologne, consumer products and even gold and gems to customers automatically, after the customer inserts currency or credit into the machine.

In the Philippines . The most popular Vending machine . is the coffee vendo machine

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Vending Machines

Vending machines are the most easy to use produce of the recent years. A cashier is

ultimately unnecessary when it comes to vending machines, and yet it delivers food of all

sorts. All you have to do is to fill the coin slot with the right amount of money, press the

button according to what you desire to obtain, and then it comes right out of the machine.

Pressing some button is all that it takes for you to gain satisfaction whenever you are

hungry.

It was already several decades back when the concept of vending machines came to life; it

was when a mathematician put a coin in a machine slot, which eventually handed out water.

During the industrial era, the use of vending machines have been taken advantaged by the

public for the reason that these machines were already positioned in universities, hallways,

and in workplaces.

It is for the reason that vending machines provide you with your necessities almost instantly,

that people consider it as a very much reliable choice. Not all people think of that,

unfortunately; there are those who consider vending machines as tools that let you waste

your hard-earned money to its costly products. People also are indeed dreadful when the

item that they want to purchase gets stuck in the machine.

This further proves that vending machines can both be beneficial and a waste of time for

some people. The greatest benefit of these vending machines is that they are very versatile

and convenient. When you find yourself in the middle of closed shops, with a hungry

stomach, a vending machine can really come in handy. When you do not have the time in

your hands, and you really need something to eat, these vending machines can be the sole

answer to your problems.

When you talk about vending machines, costly items always come with it, making this one of

its major disadvantages. Compared to items being sold in other stores, those items that are

on vending machines are way on the high-priced spectrum. Therefore, if you want to, then

do not stop yourself from spending so much. Another disadvantage is the harmful snacks

that they offer. Teenagers almost always patronize these unhealthy snacks that are

constantly available in vending machines. Studies have shown that a great deal of foods and

beverages in these machines are low in nutritional values.

After knowing the different advantages and disadvantages of vending machines, only you

can make the final decision whether or not you still want to continue using it. Some people

may have conflicting ideas when this topic arises. Nevertheless, what matters most is that

you learn to stand on what you believe in. Besides, these machines have been designed to

increase our comfort, with no other harm intended.