War in the Pacific World War II (1939-1945) Chapter 27, Section 3.
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Transcript of War in the Pacific World War II (1939-1945) Chapter 27, Section 3.
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War in the Pacific
World War II (1939-1945)
Chapter 27, Section 3
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Essential Questions:
• What is the price YOU are willing to pay for freedom?
• If you were President of the United States and were advised to use nuclear weapons, would you use them?
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The Bataan Death March• In 1942, the Japanese
Invaded and Took Over the Philippines
• Over 70,000 American and Filipino Troops Had to Surrender
• All Soldiers/Prisoners were Marched 60 Miles to a Prison Camp
• Anyone Who Fell Out of Line was Shot to Death!
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Japanese Pacific Control• Attack at Pearl
Harbor Destroyed Most of the U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet
• Japanese Imperialism!
• Japan Then Attacked:– Hong Kong (China)– Thailand (France)– Guam (U.S.)– Wake Island (U.S.)– Malaya (Britain)– Burma (Britain)
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Japan Takes Over the Philippines
• Right After the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Attacked the Philippines!
• U.S. Pacific Fleet (Navy) was Weak!
• The U.S. and Filipinos Fought Back!
• How DID the U.S. Get the Philippines Again?
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Fear of Japanese Invading Australia!
• As Japan Conquered More Territory, FDR Feared Japan Would Conquer Australia Next!
• FDR Ordered General MacArthur to Withdraw from the Philippines (& Protect Australia!)
• Philippines Would Then Be Owned by Japan! (U.S. Could Not Win)
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General MacArthur• When MacArthur
Withdrew from the Philippines, He Knew the Japanese Would Attack!
• Promised, “I Shall Return!”
• Japan Soon Took Over the Philippine Islands and Captured 70,000 American and Filipino Troops (The Bataan Death March)
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The Bataan Death March• In 1942, the Japanese
Invaded and Took Over the Philippines
• Over 70,000 American and Filipino Troops Had to Surrender
• All Soldiers/Prisoners were Marched 60 Miles to a Prison Camp
• Anyone who fell out of line was Shot to Death!
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The Doolittle Raid• The United States
Needed to Turn the Tide Against Japan
• FDR Ordered a Surprise Attack on Tokyo, Japan
• Captain Doolittle and 16 Attack Bombers Dropped Bombs on Tokyo (Caused Little Damage but “Was a Needle Prick into Japan’s Heart”)
• Mission Boosted Allied Morale and Scared Japanese Leaders!
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Doolittle Raid Map
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The Battle of the Coral Sea
• The Coral Sea is Between New Guinea and Australia
• The Japanese Were Trying to Attack Australia!
• The U.S. Navy and the Japanese Navy Fought!
• Nobody Won! U.S.Was Able to STOP the Attack on Australia! (Victory!)
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The Battle of Midway
• Midway Island is About 1,000 Miles Away from Hawaii
• Japan Was Trying to Surprise Attack Midway (Then Take Over Pearl Harbor, Then Maybe the U.S.)
• United States Found Out About the Surprise Attack!
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Battle of Midway
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Turning Point of WWII (In the Pacific!)
• U.S. Navy and Japanese Navy Fought!
• The U.S. Navy Destroyed 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers! (Japanese Only Sank 1)
• 250 Japanese Fighter Planes Were Destroyed!
• Turning Point of WWII in the Pacific!
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Island Hopping• Strategy to Capture
Japanese Islands in Order to Attack Japan
• Plan was to Conquer Japanese Islands that were NOT Heavily Defended
• Take Island/Build Runways/Attack Next Japanese Island
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The Battle of Guadalcanal
• The U.S. Marines Invaded the Island of Guadalcanal in August of 1942
• The U.S. Marines Won the Battle in February 1943 (6 Month Battle)
• 1st Major Land Victory for the Allies!
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The “Code” Talkers• Approximately 400
Navajo Indians were used to Protect American Secrets
• The Navajo Language was Used as Secret Code!
• The Code Talkers Went Into Battle and Helped the U.S. Communicate Attacks Without the Japanese Picking Up the Code!
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Good Movie (Not Great)
• Based on the True Story of the Navajo Indian Code Talkers!
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“I Shall Return”• U.S. Forces
Attacked the Philippines in October of 1944
• After a 3 Day Naval Battle, the Allies Came Ashore!
• It took 6 Months to Re-take the Philippines
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“I Shall Return”
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Kamikazes
• Kamikaze Means Suicide Pilot in Japanese
• Japanese Airplanes were Packed with Explosives and Pilots Crashed Their Planes into Allied Navy Ships and Targets
• Why Would Pilots Do This?
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I Thought This Was Funny!
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How to Bomb Japan?
• The United States Starting Taking Over More Islands with Island Hopping
• However, the Allies Had to Get Closer to Japan in Order to Bomb Them!
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa• The U.S. Marines
Invaded Iwo Jima in February 1945
• Japanese Defended Both Islands Fiercely
• Bloody Battles on Both Islands!
• Over 18,000 U.S. Soldiers Died
• 120,000 Japanese Soldiers Died
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Iwo Jima: Mt. Suribachi
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Iwo Jima Memorial: 13 Hands?
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After Winning Iwo JimaBombing of Japan
Increased!
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Dropping of the Atomic Bomb
• The Allies Planned to Invade Japan
• Military Leaders Warned Harry Truman that an Invasion of Japan Might Cost 200,000-500,000 American Lives (Maybe 2 Million Japanese)
• Advisors Told Harry Truman of the Manhattan Project
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The Manhattan Project
• Top Secret Program to Build an Atomic Bomb
• Oppenheimer, Einstein, and other Famous Scientists Worked On It
• 3 Year Program (They Built Only 3 Bombs!)
• Enough Power to Wipe Out an Entire City
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Surrender or Else!• Harry Truman Told
Japan to Surrender or Face Destruction!
• Truman Decides NOT to Invade Japan (No More American Deaths)
• Harry Truman Decides to Drop the Atomic Bomb!
• What Would YOU Have Done?
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The Enola Gay• The Enola Gay is the B-
29 Bomber That Dropped the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• B-29 Bomber Was Known as the Flying Fortress!
• HUGE!!!
• Considered One of the Wonders of the War!
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Crew of the Enola Gay
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The B-29 Bomber(The Flying Fortress)
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Hiroshima• August 6th, 1945
• 70,000 People Died Immediately
• 5 Square Miles Were Totally Destroyed
• Japan Did NOT Surrender!
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Nagasaki• August 9th, 1945
• 40,000 People Died Immediately
• More Innocent Death and Destruction
• Japan Finally Surrendered!
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The USS Missouri
• On August 14th, 1945, The Japanese Surrendered!
• Emperor Hirohito and General Tojo Met on the USS Missouri and Signed the Peace Agreement
• World War II Was OVER!
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Debate Question:
• Looking back now and what we know weapons of mass destruction can do, was the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan, a decision made by President Harry Truman, the right thing to do? Explain!
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Essential Questions:
• What is the price YOU are willing to pay for freedom?
• If you were President of the United States and were advised to use nuclear weapons, would you use them?