War and Expansion in The United States
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Transcript of War and Expansion in The United States
War and Expansion in The United StatesChapter 26Section 3
Key Terms
• Manifest Destiny• Abraham Lincoln• Secede• U.S. Civil War• Emancipation Proclamation• Segregation
A Young Nation
• 1800’s still a young nation
• Britain was still harassing its former colony
• Seized American sailors to use against Napoleon
• Britain helping Native Americans
A Young Nation
• Britain and United States fight War of 1812
• Fighting ends• No territory changes hands• Proved to be an
independent nation• Monroe Doctrine• Americas off limits to
European colonization
Texas and Mexico
• 1820 Moses Austin received permission from Spain to form settlements in Texas
• Mexico gains independence from Spain
• Imposes strict rules on settlers
• Settlers fight and receive independence for Republic of Texas
Texas and Mexico
• 1845 U.S. admits Texas as a state
• Mexico still claimed Texas• Mexican-American War
1846-1848• U.S. wins• Gains large territory in the
southwestern United States
The Move West
• 1850 westward expansion
• Claimed all territory to the Pacific Ocean• Louisiana Territory• Florida• Texas,• The Mexican cession• The Oregon Territory
The Move West
• Manifest Destiny-Americans thought they had a God-given right to settle all the way to the Pacific
• 1848 gold discovered in California
• National law gave 160 acres of free land
• Thousands packed up and headed west
Effects on Native Americans
• As people moved west conflicts developed
• Solution to push native Americans west
• 1830 Indian Removal Act-relocation of five Indian nations
Effects on Native Americans
• U.S. Army controlled• Cherokee• Choctaw• Seminole• Creek
• Were forced to move into Indian Territory
• Trial of Tears-1/4 of Cherokee died on this march
• Moved onto reservations
The Civil War
• Abolition- the end to slavery
• America decided which new states were free or slave states
• Southerners worried new states could shift congressional power and end slavery
The Civil War
• First half of 1800’s compromise balance of free and slave states
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act –decision of free or slave left to residents
• Abraham Lincoln- elected president
The Road to War
• South Carolina secedes from the Union
• Secede-a withdrawal from the Union
• Confederate States elect Jefferson Davis as president
• Confederate States draft a constitution
War Begins
• April 1861 Lincoln orders supplies to Fort Sumter South Carolina
• First shots of the Civil War• 500,000 die from battle or
disease• More than in any other
war
The Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1863 declared all slaves free in Confederate States
• Did not apply to already conquered by the Union
• Many southern slaves fled North
• Hurt southern economy• Union soldiers saw their
purpose to end slavery• Caused European powers to
withdraw from Confederacy
The Union Prevails
• 1863 Battle of Gettysburg-North defeats the South
• North now believes it can win the war
• Gettysburg Address delivered at a cemetery for soldiers killed in that battle
The Union Prevails
• War continues for a year and a half
• Union score several victories in the south
• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, in April 1865
Effects of Civil War
• South lay in ruins• Final battles damaged• Railroads• Roads• bridges
• How would the government treat Confederate soldiers
Effects of Civil War
• How would slavery be resolved
• How would the South rebuild
• Reconstruction-era of rebuilding the South
• People had different ideas on how to solve problems
Effects of Civil War
• Government passed several important amendments to the Constitution
• Civil Rights Act- protected some rights of former slaves
• 14th Amendment granted citizenship
Effects of Civil War
• “Equal benefit of all laws and privileges for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens”
• 15th Amendment-voting rights could not be denied because of race
Effects of Civil War
• Reconstruction did not achieve equal rights for former slaves
• Discriminatory laws still passed in the South
• Segregation-seperation of blacks and whites in the south
• Reconstruction provided a foundation for later civil rights movement during the 1900’s
Post War Economy
• During 1870’s 2000 immigrants a day arrive
• 1914 20 million people moved to the U.S.
• Industrialization needed a large amount of labor
Railroads
• 1862 Congress authorizes the Trans-Continental Railroad
• 1869 California and Eastern U.S. linked
• 1900 200,000 miles of railroad tracks
• Carried• Corn, wheat, cattle, coal, iron
ore to processing plants• U.S. becomes a world leader