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BRKRST-2501

WAN & Branch QoS Design

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 2

WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda

 Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates  WAN & Branch QoS Design

 MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design

Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates


Why WAN QoS Designs Need Updating Business and Technical Drivers

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html

 New Business and Application Requirements Explosion of Video Apps Impact of HD Blurring of Voice/Video/Data application boundaries

 New Standards and RFCs RFC 4594

 New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features


New Business Requirements Cisco Visual Networking Index Findings

  Global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to 2014.

  Global Internet video traffic will surpass global peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic by the end of 2010. For the first time since 2000, P2P traffic will not be the largest Internet traffic type.

  The global online video community will surpass 1 billion users by the end of 2010.

  Internet video is now over one-third of all consumer Internet traffic, and will approach 40 percent of consumer Internet traffic by the end of 2010, not including the amount of video exchanged through P2P file sharing.

  The sum of all forms of video (TV, video on demand, Internet, and P2P) will exceed 91 percent of global consumer traffic by 2014

  Advanced Internet video (3D and HD) will increase 23-fold between 2009 and 2014. By 2014, 3D and HD Internet video will comprise 46 percent of consumer Internet video traffic.

  Video communications traffic growth is accelerating. Video communications traffic will increase sevenfold from 2009 to 2014.

  Real-time video is growing in importance. By 2014, Internet TV will be over 8 percent of consumer Internet traffic, and ambient video will be an additional 5 percent of consumer Internet traffic.

  Video-on-demand (VoD) traffic will double every two and a half years through 2014. Consumer IPTV and CATV traffic will grow at a 33 percent CAGR between 2009 and 2014.

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-481360.html


New Application Requirements The Impact of HD on the Network

  User demand for HD video has a major impact on the network (H.264) 720p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.323) DVD

(H.264) 1080p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.264) 720p

0

1

2

3

4

5

(H.323) DVD (H.264) 720p (H.264) 1080p

Mbp

s

Min

Max

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Video/tpover.html#wp1043660


1080

line

s of

Hor

izon

tal R

esol

utio

n

1920 lines of Vertical Resolution (Widescreen Aspect Ratio is 16:9)

1080 x 1920 lines =

2,073,600 pixels per frame

x 3 colors per pixel

x 1 Byte (8 bits) per color

x 30 frames per second

= 1,492,992,000 bps

or 1.5 Gbps Uncompressed

Cisco H.264-based HD Codecs transmit 3-5 Mbps per 1080p image which represents over 99.67% compression (300:1)

Therefore packet loss is proportionally magnified in overall video quality Users can notice a single packet lost in 10,000—Making HD Video One Hundred Times More Sensitive to Packet Loss than VoIP!

New Application Requirements Stringent Tolerances of HD Media Applications

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Video/tpqos.html#wp1047856


20 msec

Voice Packets

Bytes

200

600

1000

Audio Samples

1400

Time

200

600

1000

1400

33 msec

Video Packets Video Frame

Video Frame

Video Frame

New Applications Requirements VoIP vs. HD Video—At the Packet Level

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html#wp60774


New Application Requirements Trends in Voice, Video and Data Media Applications

Web Email

Messaging Data Apps

•  App Sharing •  Web/Internet •  Messaging •  Email

Voice •  IP Telephony

Video •  IP Video Conf

Data Apps

•  App Sharing •  Web/Internet •  Messaging •  Email

Voice

•  IP Telephony •  HD Audio •  Softphone •  Other VoIP

Video

•  IP Video Conf •  Surveillance •  Video Telephony •  HD Video Conf •  VoD Streaming

Unmanaged

•  Internet Streaming •  Internet VoIP •  YouTube •  MySpace •  Other

Ad-H

oc App

TelePresence

WebEx



New Standards and RFCs Cisco Medianet DiffServ QoS Recommendations (RFC 4594-Based)

Application Class

Per-Hop Behavior

Admission Control

Queuing & Dropping

Application Examples

VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones (G.711, G.729)

Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IP Video Surveillance / Cisco Enterprise TV

Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence

Multimedia Conferencing AF4 Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Unified Personal Communicator, WebEx

Multimedia Streaming AF3 Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Digital Media System (VoDs)

Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, HSRP, IKE

Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323

Ops / Admin / Mgmt (OAM) CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog

Transactional Data AF2 BW Queue + DSCP WRED ERP Apps, CRM Apps, Database Apps

Bulk Data AF1 BW Queue + DSCP WRED E-mail, FTP, Backup Apps, Content Distribution

Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class

Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue (Deferential) YouTube, iTunes, BitTorent, Xbox Live



New Standards and RFCs RFC 2597 Clarification: Endpoints can Mark at AFx2 and AFx3

Application Class PHB Marking Admission Control PHB Queuing & Dropping Application Examples

VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones

Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IPVS / Enterprise TV

Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence

MM-Conferencing

AF41

Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED

TANDBERG EX / MXP

AF42 CUPC / TANDBERG Movi

AF43 Cisco WebEx

MM-Streaming

AF3

Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Cisco Cast

AF32 Cisco Show-and-Share

AF33 Cisco Digital Signs

Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, IKE

Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323

OAM CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog

Transactional Data

AF21

BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Order Processing Apps

AF22 CRM / ERP Apps

AF23 Messaging Apps

Bulk Data

AF11

BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Email AF12 FTP AF13 Backups

Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class

Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue YouTube, iTunes, BitTorent


New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features

HQF

SIP/SPA

ASR

ISR G2

IntServ/DiffServ Integration


WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda

 Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates

 WAN & Branch QoS Design


WAN & Branch QoS Design— Considerations & Design Recommendations


  Medianet WAN & Branch Router Platforms

  WAN Link Media & Speeds

  QoS Mechanisms & Operations

  Control Plane Policing

  Medianet WAN Interface Roles

  (DiffServ) WAN QoS Design (4-Class, 8-Class & 12-Class Models)

  Link-Specific WAN QoS Design (Leased-Line, ATM PVC, POS)

  Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design

  RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html

WAN QoS Design Considerations & Design

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 16 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html

WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN & Branch Routers

Private WAN

MPLS VPN

Campus A

Acc

ess

WAN Aggregation

Routers

Campus B

Metro Ethernet

Dis

trib

utio

n

Cor

e

WA

N

Serv

ices

B

lock

IPSec VPN

Branch B

Branch Routers

Branch A

Medianet WAN Aggregation Routers: •  Cisco ASR 1000 •  Cisco 6500/7600 with SIP/SPA

Medianet Branch Routers: •  Cisco ISR G2 3900 •  Cisco ISR G2 2900

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKRST-2501 17 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129370

WAN Aggregation Router Platform Performance Capacity Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-200 1 Gbps

Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-400 4 Gbps

Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-600 10 Gbps

Cisco ASR 1002 with ESP 2.5, ESP5, or ESP10 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps or 10 Gbps, respectively

Cisco ASR 1004 with ESP10 or ESP20 10 Gbps or 20 Gbps, respectively

WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN Aggregation Routing Platform Capacities


Branch Router Platform Performance Capacity

Cisco 3945E Sub-rate GE (350Mbps)

Cisco 3925E Sub-rate GE (250Mbps)

Cisco 3945 Line-rate FE+ (150Mbps)

Cisco 3925 Line-rate FE+ (100Mbps)

Cisco 2951 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (75Mbps)



Cisco 2901 1T1/E1, EFM (25Mbps)

Branch QoS Considerations Medianet Branch Routing Platform Capacities


Media Line Rates / Speeds Serial T3 (45 Mbps)

ATM DS3 (45 Mbps) to OC48/STM16 (2.5 Gbps)

POS OC3/STM1 (155 Mbps) to OC192/STM64 (10 Gbps)

Ethernet 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps

WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN/VPN Link Media and Speeds


Packets In

Packets Out

Tx-Ring

IOS Interface Buffers

If the Tx-Ring is filled to capacity, then the IOS software knows that the interface

is congested and it should activate any LLQ/CBWFQ policies that have been

applied to the interface

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Tx-Ring Operation

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129403

interface Serial2/0 tx-ring-limit 4


Packets In

Packets Out

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Fair-Queuing Operation (Flow-Based Fair-Queuing)


Fair-Queuing Sorter/Pre-Sorter

A flow is defined by five matching tuples: Source Address + Source Port

Destination Address + Destination Port Layer 4 Protocol (TCP or UDP)

policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue


Packets In

Packets Out


Tx-Ring Multimedia Conferencing CBWFQ

Multimedia Streaming CBWFQ

Network Control CBWFQ

Call Signaling CBWFQ

OAM CBWFQ

Transactional Data CBWFQ

Bulk Data CBWFQ

Best Effort / Default CBWFQ

Scavenger CBWFQ

CBWFQ Scheduler

FQ

FQ

FQ

FQ Pre-Sorters

FQ

FQ

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation CBWFQ Operation


policy-map CBWFQ class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5 class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth percent 5 class OAM bandwidth percent 5 class MM-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue …


Packets In

Packets Out


Tx-Ring CBWFQ

Scheduler

LLQ

1 Mbps VoIP

Policer

FQ Pre-Sorters

CBWFQ

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation (Single) LLQ Operation


policy-map LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 …


Packets In

Packets Out


Tx-Ring CBWFQ

Scheduler

LLQ

1 Mbps VoIP

Policer

4 Mbps Bscst-Video

Policer

5 Mbps RT-Interactive

Policer

CBWFQ

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Multi-LLQ Operation


policy-map MULTI-LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority 4000 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority 5000 …


Bulk Data CBWFQ Fair- Queue Pre- Sorter

AF13 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF13 Packets



Maximum WRED Thresholds for AF11, AF12 and AF13 are set to the tail of the queue in this example

Front of

Queue

Tail of

Queue

Direction of

Packet Flow

WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation DSCP-Based WRED Operation


policy-map BULK-WRED class BULK bandwidth percent 10 random-detect dscp-based


Branch QoS Considerations AutoQoS Considerations

  Two versions of AutoQoS in the WAN: AutoQoS—VoIP (2001) AutoQoS—Enterprise (2005)

  AutoQoS—Enterprise automatically detects and provisions up to 10 application classes

  Some markings and classes differ from Cisco Medianet QoS Model (slide 10)

  Policies will vary according to traffic profiles sampled

AutoQoS—Enterprise Traffic Class

Transactional/Interactive AF21

Telephony Signaling CS3

Streaming Video CS4

Interactive Video AF41

Interactive Voice EF

Network Management CS2

Bulk Data AF11

Scavenger CS1

Best Effort 0

IP Routing CS6

DSCP

1) Discovery Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto discovery qos

2) Configuration Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto qos


Control Plane Policing (Mitigating DoS Attack)

Silent Mode (Reconnaissance Prevention)

Processor Switched Packets

Output from the Control

Plane Input

to the Control Plane

Control Plane Management SNMP, Telnet ICMP IPv6 Routing

Updates Management

SSH, SSL …..

Packet Buffer

Output Packet Buffer

CEF/FIB Lookup

AC

L

UR

PF

NAT

WAN QoS Considerations Control Plane Policing

control-plane service-policy input CPP-POLICY service-policy output CPP-POLICY

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp129625 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html#wp131394


WAN QoS Design Medianet WAN Interface Roles


Private WAN

MPLS VPN

WAN Aggregation

Routers

Metro Ethernet

WA

N/V

PN S

ervi

ces

Blo

ck

IPSec VPN

WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface: •  No Trust (IOS default) •  LLQ/CBWFQ policies •  Additional VPN-specific QoS policies (as required)

(Optional) RSVP-Enabled WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface + RSVP bandwidth reservation policies + (Optional) Application ID RSVP policies

Switch Port to Switch Port or Router Interface: •  Trust-DSCP •  1P3QyT or 1P7QyT Queuing

Router Interface to Switch Port : •  No Trust (IOS Default) •  (Optional) LLQ/CBWFQ policies (only if potential for congestion exists in WAN-to-LAN direction)


WAN QoS Design Design Recommendations

  Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Realtime Traffic Limit LLQ(s) to 33%

  Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Best Effort Traffic Provision at least 25% for the Best Effort Queue

  Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Scavenger Traffic Provision Scavenger to a minimum bandwidth (such as 1%)

  Guidelines for Enabling Fair-Queuing Pre-Sorters Enable FQ Pre-Sorters on all classes except control & scavenger classes

  Guidelines for Enabling WRED Enable DSCP-based WRED on all AF classes Configure min-thresholds at 60% (AFx3), 70% (AFx2) and 80% (AFx1) Configure all max-thresholds at 100%

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html


WAN QoS Design WAN Edge Class-Expansion Models

Time

Critical Data

Realtime

4-Class Model

Best Effort

Signaling / Control Call Signaling

Critical Data

Interactive Video

Voice

8-Class Model

Scavenger

Best Effort

Streaming Video

Network Control

Network Management

Realtime Interactive

Transactional Data

Multimedia Conferencing

Voice

12-Class Model

Bulk Data

Scavenger

Best Effort

Multimedia Streaming

Network Control

Broadcast Video

Call Signaling



Voice 10%

Broadcast Video 10%

Real2me Interac2ve 13%

0% Network Control 2%

Management 3%

Signaling 2%

0%

Mul2media Streaming 10%

Mul2media Conferencing 10%

Transac2onal Data 10%

Bulk Data 4%

Scavenger 1%

0%

Best Effort 25%

WAN QoS Design Bandwidth Allocation Models

Interac2ve Video 23%

0% 0% Network Control 5%

Signaling 2%

0% 0%

Cri2cal Data 24%

0% 0% 0%

Real2me 33%

0% 0% 0% Control 7%

0% 0% 0% Cri2cal Data

35%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 2 class-map match-any REALTIME match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive

class-map match-any CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network-Control match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure) match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management

class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43 ! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af31 af32 af33 ! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3 match dscp af21 af22 af23 ! Matches Transactional Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13 ! Matches Bulk Data on AF1


Critical Data

Realtime

4-Class Model

Best Effort

Control

EF CS5 CS4

CS6 / CS3 / CS2 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1


WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model—Part 2 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33 ! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7 ! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35 ! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>


Verification Commands: •  show class-map •  show policy-map

Real2me 33%

0% 0% 0% Control 7%

0% 0% 0% Cri2cal Data

35%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Best Effort 25%


WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 4 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP

class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive

class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network Control match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management

class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling


Call Signaling

Critical Data

Interactive Video

Voice

8-Class Model

Scavenger

Best Effort

Streaming Video

Network Control

EF

CS5 CS4

AF3

CS3

CS6/CS2

AF4 AF2 AF1

CS1


WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 2 of 4 class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 af32 af33 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3

class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af21 af22 af23 ! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13 ! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1

class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1 ! Matches Scavenger


Call Signaling

Critical Data

Interactive Video

Voice

8-Class Model

Scavenger

Best Effort

Streaming Video

Network Control

EF

CS5 CS4

AF3

CS3

CS6/CS2

AF4 AF2 AF1

CS1


WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 3 of 4 policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy) class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO priority percent 23 ! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-LLQ policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5 ! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> …


0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0% 0%


… class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 24 ! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 ! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>


WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model—Part 4 of 4


0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0% 0%


WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 1 of 5 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef ! Matches VoIP

class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO match dscp cs5 ! Matches Broadcast Video

class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE match dscp cs4 ! Matches Realtime-Interactive

class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6 ! Matches Network Control

class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3 ! Matches Signaling

class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT match dscp cs2 ! Matches Network Management


Network Management


Transactional Data


Voice

12-Class Model

Bulk Data

Scavenger

Best Effort


Network Control

Broadcast Video

Call Signaling

EF

CS5

CS4

CS6

CS3

CS2

AF4

AF3

AF2

AF1

CS1



class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING match dscp af41 match dscp af42 match dscp af43 ! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing

class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 match dscp af32 match dscp af33 ! Matches Multimedia-Streaming

class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA match dscp af21 match dscp af22 match dscp af23 ! Matches Transactional-Data

class-map match-any BULK-DATA match dscp af11 match dscp af12 match dscp af13 ! Matches Bulk-Data


class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1 ! Matches Scavenger

+

Network Management


Transactional Data


Voice

12-Class Model

Bulk Data

Scavenger

Best Effort


Network Control

Broadcast Video

Call Signaling

EF

CS5

CS4

CS6

CS3

CS2

AF4

AF3

AF2

AF1

CS1


WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 3 of 5 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-LLQ policy) class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 ! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-LLQ policy) class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 13 ! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-LLQ policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 ! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 ! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class …



WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model—Part 4 of 5 … class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 ! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> …




… class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 ! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 ! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25 ! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue ! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based ! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class ! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned>




Link-Specific WAN QoS Design Serial/Leased-Line Design


interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3 bandwidth 44210 ip address 10.0.12.5 255.255.255.252 load-interval 30 ! Minimizes the interface-statistics sampling-period (optional) tx-ring-limit 10 ! Optimizes the T3 Tx-Ring for medianet dsu bandwidth 44210 framing c-bit cablelength 10 serial restart-delay 0 service-policy output WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS ! Attaches a service policy to serial T3 interface

Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show controllers •show interface •show policy-map interface


Link-Specific WAN QoS Design ATM PVC Design


interface ATM4/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3 bandwidth 149760 no ip address load-interval 30 no atm ilmi-keepalive no atm enable-ilmi-trap ! ! interface ATM4/0.1 point-to-point description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-SUB-INT ip address 10.0.12.13 255.255.255.252 no atm enable-ilmi-trap pvc 0/112 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-PVC vbr-rt 149760 149760 ! Defines the ATM traffic contract: Variable Bit Rate - Realtime service-policy output WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS ! Attaches service policy to the physical ATM interface !

Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show atm pvc •show policy-map interface


Link-Specific WAN QoS Design POS Design


interface POS6/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-POS-OC3 bandwidth 155000 ip address 10.0.12.17 255.255.255.252 load-interval 30 ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS ! Attaches service policy to the physical POS interface !

Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface


Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA WAN QoS Feature Support Matrix


Congestion Management and Avoidance Feature

Cisco 7600 SIP-200 Cisco 7600 SIP-400 Cisco 7600 SIP-600

Class-based Weighted Fair Queuing: bandwidth and queue-limit commands

Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs

Flow-based Queuing: fair-queue command

Supported for all SPAs.

Not supported Not supported

Low Latency Queuing: priority command

Strict priority only—Supported for all SPAs

Strict priority only—Supported for all SPAs

Supported for all SPAs

Weighted Random Early Detection: random-detect commands

Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Not supported

Aggregate Weighted Random Early Detection random-detect aggregate and random-detect dscp (aggregate) commands

Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only—Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later.

Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only— Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later.

Supported for all SPAs.


Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: LLQ without Implicit Policer


policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA class REALTIME police 50 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 50 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer S

ingl

e LL

Q:

policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS-SIP-SPA class VOICE police 15 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class BROADCAST-VIDEO police 15 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE police 20 mbps ! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority ! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer

Mul

ti-LL

Q E

xam

ple:


Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: Aggregate WRED on ATM PVCs


policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA-ATM-PVC class REALTIME police 50 mbps priority class CONTROL bandwidth percent 6 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35 random-detect dscp-based aggregate ! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values af13 af23 af33 af43 minimum-thresh 6600 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx3 to 6600 and max-thresh to 11009 packets random-detect dscp values af12 af22 af32 af42 minimum-thresh 7700 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx2 to 7700 and max-thresh to 11009 packets random-detect dscp values af11 af21 af31 af41 minimum-thresh 8800 maximum-thresh 11009 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx1 to 8800 and max-thresh to 11009 packets class class-default bandwidth percent 25 random-detect dscp-based aggregate ! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values cs1 minimum-thresh 5600 maximum-thresh 7500 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for CS1 to 5600 and max-thresh to 7500 packets random-detect dscp values default minimum-thresh 7500 maximum-thresh 9360 ! Tunes WRED min-thresh for DF to 7500 and max-thresh to 9360 packets


Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS—Potential Oversubscription Points

Route Processor (standby)

Interconnect.

Embedded Service Processor (active)

Interconnect.

Cisco QFP

Embedded Service Processor (standby)

Interconnect.

SPA SPA …

Interconnect.

SPA SPA …

Interconnect.

SPA SPA …

Interconnect.

Midplane

Route Processor (active)

Interconnect.

SPA-SPI, 11.2Gbps each direct Hypertransport, 8Gbps each direction

ESI, 11.5Gbps each direction

SIP10 ingress QoS 4 SPAs into 1 interconnect 40Gbps -> 10 Gbps

Interconnect QoS 3 SIP10 into 1 ESP10 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps

ESP10 Egress QoS Cisco QFP into SPI 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps Scheduled by ESP10 QPM

SIP10 egress QoS 10 Gbps into SIP10 Up to 10Gbps


Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS: Internal Scheduling


interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 plim qos input map ip dscp-based ! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based plim qos input map ip dscp cs4 cs5 ef queue strict-priority ! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default

SPA-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example

SIP-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example

ingress-class-map 1 map ip dscp-based ! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based map ip dscp 32 40 queue strict-priority ! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default …

interface POS0/1/0 plim qos input class-map 1 ! Attaches the ingress-queuing class-map to the interface

Verification Command: •show platform hardware interface type sip/spa/interface plim qos input map


RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Resource Reservation Protocol Operation (RSVP)


48 24 0

24

30 6

0

64

64

40

96

56

24 72 80

72 48

30 24

24 64 48 48

24

48

64 24

80 RSVP Bandwidth Pool Provisioned on Each

Router Interface

If There Is Sufficient Bandwidth Throughout

the Network, the Reservation Succeeds

If Bandwidth on Any Link Throughout the Network Is

Not Sufficient, the Reservation Fails

Device 1

Device 2

RSVP Signaling Uses Same IP Route as the

Data Stream That Needs Reservation

RSVP-Unaware Routers Ignore and Forward All

RSVP Messages

Device 3

Device 4

interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp bandwidth 56


RSV

P

RSVP Signaling

LLQ

/CB

WFQ

IntServ Model

Data

Control Plane

Data Plane

RSV

P

IntServ / DiffServ Model

Scheduling + Policing

Call Admission Control

YES ?

NO

Data

Control Plane

Data Plane

RSVP Signaling

Scheduling + Policing

Call Admission Control

YES ?

NO

RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP IntServ/DiffServ Model (a.k.a RSVP Scalability Enhancements)


interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ip rsvp resource-provider none service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY


RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP Application ID (App ID) Object

  Introduced in RFC 2872 as part of RSVP policy element—associates RSVP reservation with a specific application and sub-application

  Allows routers to admit reservations based on the application requesting bandwidth

  Protects bandwidth resources across applications

  In Cisco IOS, App ID’s are associated to RSVP local policies which define corresponding behavior

  Usage example: in presence of voice and video calls, prevent video calls from using all available bandwidth

App ID Y App ID Y

Local Policy X

Local Policy Y

ip rsvp bandwidth

ip rsvp bandwidth

Without A

pp ID

App ID X

App ID X

App ID X

ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator .*VideoStream.* ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator .*AudioStream.* … interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO … ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE …

With A

pp ID



RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Basic IntServ/DiffServ RSVP Design


interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210 … ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY ! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp bandwidth 15000 ! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24 ! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling ! Verification Commands:

•show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface •show ip rsvp interface •show ip rsvp interface detail •show ip rsvp installed


RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID)—Part 1 of 2


interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210 … ! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY ! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO maximum bandwidth group 12500 forward all ! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 12.5 Mbps of video flows ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE maximum bandwidth group 2500 forward all ! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 2.5 Mbps of voice flows ip rsvp bandwidth 15000 ! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24 ! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none ! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling ! …


RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID)—Part 2 of 2


… ! This section defines the regular expressions to match RSVP Application IDs ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator .*VideoStream.* ! RSVP AppIDs with the string "VideoStream" will be ! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator .*AudioStream.* ! RSVP AppIDs with the string "AudioStream" will be ! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy

Verification Commands: •show class-map •show policy-map •show interface •show policy-map interface •show ip rsvp interface •show ip rsvp interface detail •show ip rsvp installed •show ip rsvp policy local •show ip rsvp policy local detail


WAN & Branch QoS Design

 Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates

 WAN & Branch QoS Design


Agenda

MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design— Considerations & Design Recommendations


MPLS VPN QoS Design Considerations

 QoS Paradigm Shift

 MPLS VPN DiffServ Tunneling Modes

 Enterprise-to-Service Provider Mapping Models

 Sub-Line-Rate Access Design


CE Router

MPLS VPN

PE Router

P Routers

CE Router

PE Router

CE Egress (Subscriber): Queuing/Dropping/Shaping/Remarking

PE Ingress (Provider): Policing and Remarking PE Egress (Provider):

Queuing/Dropping/Shaping

Core DiffServ and/or MPLS TE Policies (Provider)

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Requirements over MPLS VPNs


Enterprises must co-manage QoS with their MPLS VPN service providers; their policies must be consistent and complementary

Paradigm Shift:

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Implication of MPLS VPNs


CE1 PE1

Uniform

Pipe

Short Pipe

IP IP IP/MPLS PE2 CE2

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes


Direction of Packet Flow

CE Router MPLS VPN PE Router

P Routers

CE Router PE Router

Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic’s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here

IPP3/DSCP AF31 Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP 3

MPLS EXP 3

IPP3/DSCP AF31 By Default IPP Values Will Be Copied to MPLS EXP Labels

MPLS EXP 3

MPLS EXP 0

IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer

MPLS EXP 0

IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Popped, and EXP Value Is Copied to Underlying Label

IPP0/DSCP 0 MPLS EXP Value Is Copied to IP ToS Byte

Shaded Area Represents Customer/Provider DiffServ Domain

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling


Ingress Marking from LAN

CE Router

Ingress Remarking from MPLS VPN

MPLS VPN

Enterprise Customers May Need to Remark on Ingress from Their MPLS VPN SP to Restore DiffServ Markings That May Have Been Changed in Transit Through the Cloud

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling – Design Impact


IPP3/DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP 4

MPLS EXP 4

IPP3/DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP 4

IPP3/DSCP AF31 IPP3/DSCP AF31

Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values

Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer

No Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)

Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved

PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Provider Markings


MPLS EXP 4

MPLS EXP 0

IPP3/DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP 0

CE Router

CE Router

P Routers

Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain

MPLS VPN

Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain


PE Router

PE Router

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling


CE Router PE Router

P Routers

CE Router PE Router


IPP3/DSCP AF31 IPP3/DSCP AF31

Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31

MPLS EXP 4

MPLS EXP 4

IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values

MPLS EXP 0

IPP3/DSCP AF31

Top-Most Label Is Popped (PHP), but Egress Policy Is Based on EXP 0 of Topmost Label

Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved

Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain

PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Customer Markings

Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain

MPLS EXP 4

MPLS EXP 0

IPP3/DSCP AF31 Topmost Label Is Marked Down by a Policer


MPLS VPN

MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Short-Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling


MPLS VPN

Branch 1

Branch 2

Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: HQoS Shaper (if required) + LLQ for VoIP (EF) Trust DSCP + LLQ or BDCST-Video and/or RT-Interactive + Remark traffic (as necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary) + CBWFQ for other traffic classes + Remark traffic (if necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary)

≤ 33% of BW

Enterprise Subscriber (Unmanaged CE Routers)

Service Provider: Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: + LLQ for Real-Time Trust DSCP + CBWFQ for Critical Data Police on a per-Class Basis

CE Routers CE Routers PE Routers

Campus VPN Block

E

E

E

E

F

F

F

F

F

E

MPLS VPN QoS Design MPLS VPN Port QoS Roles


OAM

Signaling


Transactional Data

Broadcast Video

VoIP Telephony

Application

Bulk Data

AF2 AF3

CS3

CS4 CS5

CS5

EF

CS2

AF1

Scavenger CS1

Best Effort DF

Network Control CS6

Multimedia Streaming AF3 AF2

DSCP 4-Class SP Model

SP-Critical 1 (TCP) 20%

SP-Critical 2 (UDP) 20%

SP-Best Effort 30%

AF2

DF

SP-Real-Time (RTP/UDP)

30%

EF

CS3

AF3

CS6

CS2

CS5

Multimedia Conferencing AF4 AF2

MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model


MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model—Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-4CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5 ! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 ! Remarks Multimedia-Conferencing to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class …


Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned


… class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 ! Remarks Multimedia-Streaming to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af31 ! Remarks Transactional-Data to gain admission to SP-Critical-1 Class class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based


MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model—Part 2 of 2



Network Management

Signaling


Transactional Data

Broadcast Video

VoIP Telephony

Application

Bulk Data

AF2

CS3

CS4 CS5

CS5

EF

CS2

AF1

Scavenger CS1

Best Effort DF

Network Control CS6

Multimedia Streaming AF3

DSCP 6-Class SP Model

SP-Critical 2 15%

SP-Critical 3 15%

SP-Best Effort 25%

AF2

DF

SP-Realtime 30%

EF

AF3

CS6

CS2

CS5

Multimedia Conferencing AF4 SP-Critical 1 10%

SP-Scavenger 5%

AF4

CS3

CS1 AF1

CS6

CS4

MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model


MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model—Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-6CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5 ! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based …




… class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based


MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model—Part 2 of 2



MPLS VPN or Metro Ethernet

Network

Network-Facing Provider Edges

(N-PE) Sub-Line Rate

Ethernet Access Circuit

Trust DSCP +  Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) shaping policy (to sub-line access rate with nested queuing policy

Trust DSCP +  Queuing Policy

HQoS Capable Switch or Router

MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Design


TX Ring

policy-map ACCESS-EDGE class VOIP priority 1000 class REALTIME priority 15000 class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth x class TRANSACTIONAL bandwidth y class BULK-DATA bandwidth z class class-default fair-queue

Packets in

Packets out

policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 service-policy ACCESS-EDGE

CBWFQ Scheduler

FQ

Call-Signaling CBWFQ Transactional CBWFQ

Bulk Data CBWFQ Default Queue

1 Mbps VOIP

Policer

15 Mbps REALTIME

Policer

16 Mbps PQ (FIFO Between VOIP and VIDEO) Class- Based Shaper

GE Interface with a sub-line-rate

access service (e.g. 50 Mbps)

  Queuing policies will not engage unless the interface is congested   A shaper will guarantee that traffic will not exceed the contracted rate   A nested queuing policy will force queuing to engage at the contracted

sub-line-rate to prioritize packets prior to shaping

WAN/VPN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Hierarchical QoS (Queuing & Shaping) Operation


MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy – Part 1 of 2

  Queuing policies– by default –do not engage at sub-line rates

  Additionally, to ensure that transmission rates do not exceed the contracted rate, a shaper must be used

  IOS allows for Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) policies One QoS policy may be ‘nested’ within another Thus a queuing policy may be nested within a shaping policy In which case packets are prioritized within a sub-line (shaped) rate

  As with policers, Cisco IOS shapers operate on a token-bucket principle using the formula:

Burst (Bc) = Shaped Rate * Shaping Time Interval (Tc)


Cisco TelePresence MPLS VPN Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy – Part 2 of 2

  CE Egress Shaping burst must be no more than half of the PE Ingress Policing Burst!

  Example: An SP’s ingress policer is configured with a 50 KB burst parameter Therefore the CE egress shaper can be calculated as:

SP’s PE ingress burst is 50 KB 400,000 bps (50KB * 8 = 400 kbps) The optimal value for CE egress shaping burst is: Policing Burst (in bps) / 2 Bc = 400,000 / 2 Bc = 200,000 bps (200 kbps)

  The resulting configuration:

policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 ! Average shaping (not peak) service-policy ACCESS-EDGE ! Nested queuing policy


MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access (Ethernet) Design Example

policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33 class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue …

policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average 50000000 200000 ! CE shaper burst is set to SP’s policer burst / 2 service-policy WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS ! Nested queuing policy to pre-order packets prior to shaping …

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 service-policy output HQoS-50MBPS ! HQoS (shaping with nested queuing) policy is attached to the GE interface


References & Resources


References   Cisco Visual Networking Index

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking_solutions_sub_solution.html

  Enterprise Medianet Quality of Service Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSIntro_40.html

  Medianet Campus QoS Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSCampus_40.html

  Medianet WAN QoS Design 4.0 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/QoS_SRND_40/QoSWAN_40.html

  Cisco IOS QoS Configuration Guides http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/qos/configuration/guide/15_0/qos_15_0_book.html

  Cisco Hierarchical QoS Framework Configuration Guide http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/qos/configuration/guide/qos_frhqf_support_ps10591_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html

  Cisco 6500/7600 SIP/SPA QoS http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps368/module_installation_and_configuration_guides_chapter09186a0080440138.html#wp1162382

  Cisco ASR 1000 QoS Architecture http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps9343/solution_overview_c22-449961_ps9343_Product_Solution_Overview.html


Additional Related Sessions

 BRKRST-2500 Campus QoS Design

 COCEVT-1229 Cisco on Cisco: Cisco IT Infrastructure Support for Video

 COCEVT-1300 Cisco on Cisco: Pervasive Video Strategy

 TECRST-1501 Enterprise QoS Case Study


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