WAM network:Experiences and Challenges Under

National and Regional Interconnections

iPC GRID 2015

San Francisco, California.

Erick Zbinden Araya

CDEC-SING

ChileanInterconnectedSystems

NORTHERN INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM (SING)

Average load growth 2005-2014 3.7%Expected annual load growth (2015) 5.5%Inst. Capacity / Max. Demand (2014) 4,802/ 2,363 MWRegulated / Non Reg. Customers 11% / 89%Hydro / Thermal / Wind / Solar (Gen) 0.3% /95.7% /1.9% /2.1%Length 600 kmPopulation 6.5%

CENTRAL INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM (SIC)

Average load growth 2005-2014 3.7%Expected annual load growth (2015) 3.5%Inst. Capacity / Max. Demand 15,549 / 7,546 MWRegulated / Non Reg. Customers 70% / 30%Hydro / Thermal / Wind / Solar (Gen) 41.6% / 52.4% / 4.8% / 1.2%Length 1800 kmPopulation 92%

Figures: January 2015

SING

SIC

NorthernInterconnectedSystem

345 kV6.7%

220 kV65.4%

110 kV21.3%

100 kV0.8%

69 kV0.3%

66 kV5.6%

Single Line Diagram220 kV and 345 kV Main Grid.

Chacaya

Mejillones

O’Higgins

Atacama

Domeyko

Zaldívar

Nva. Zaldívar

Sulfuros

Escondida

M. Elena

Laberinto

Andes

Angamos

Encuentro

El Cobre

Esperanza

Tesoro

M. Blancos

154 km

1 km

73 km

128 km

7 km

205 km

145 km

66 km

70 km

2 km

142 km81 km

13 km

90 km

153 km

1 km

133 km

75 km

123 km63 km

0,2 km

14 km

13 km1 km

14 km

Nueva Victoria

Lagunas

Collahuasi174 km

154 km

20 km

201 km

118 km

Tarapacá

Pozo Almonte70 km

Cóndores70 km

Parinacota

225 km

56 km

OGP1

16 km

Norgener

Tocopilla

Salar

Chuquicamata

Crucero

R. Tomic

El Abra

127 km

81 km

82 km

101 km

Spence

M. Hales

S. Gorda

Antucoya

Argentina

220 kV

345 kV

Voltage Levels

408 kmISO: CDEC-SING

Central InterconnectedSystem

220 kV and 500 kV Main Grid simplified

Alto Jahuel

PolpaicoNogales

P. AzúcarMaitencilloCarrera Pinto

D. Almagro Cardones Punta Colorada

Las Palmas

Los Vilos

Quillota

C. Navia

Chena

Melipilla

Rapel

Candelaria Colbún

Ancoa Charrúa

Itahue

Lagunillas

Temuco

Cautín Valdivia

Ciruelos

P. Montt

B. Blanco

Hualpén

220 kV

500 kV

Tensión

500 kV7.8%

220 kV33.5%

154 kV7.8%

110 kV20.2%

66 kV27.3%

44 kV2.4%

33 kV1.0%

ISO: CDEC-SIC

ChileanInterconnectedSystems

Chilean Generation development

Figures: January 2015

Installed Capacity [MW]

SING 4,802

SIC 15,549

TOTAL 20,351

Under construction [MW]

SING 1,933

SIC 2,626

TOTAL 4,559

SystemEnergy average price per year (USD/MWh)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

SING 158 139 109 90 82

SIC 148 200 194 153 135

Figures: January 2015

NCRE Installed capacity [MW]

Biomass Small Hydro Geothermal Solar Wind Power Total NCRE

SING 0 12 0 104 90 206

SIC 552 379 0 187 738 1,856

TOTAL 552 391 0 291 828 2,062

NCRE Under construction[MW]

Biomass Small Hydro Geothermal Solar Wind Power Total NCRE

SING 0 0 0 944 0 944

SIC 0 86 0 819 61 966

TOTAL 0 86 0 1,763 61 1,910

Chilean Generation development

ChileanInterconnectedSystems

WAM Pilot Project at SING 2012

• Project Strategy 2012 - SWOT.

Strengths:

Operational know-how

Own SCADA

Static and dynamic analysis at SING

Weaknesses:

No asset owner

Lack of norms

Uncertainty of dynamic models

Opportunities:

Black-Out in 2011

Energy Matrix diversifying

Threats:

Regional interconnection

High renewable integration

CDEC-SING

PDC

MPLS

PMUAngamos

PMUCrucero

PMULagunas

IEEE C37.118

SCADADNP3

WAM Pilot Project at SING 2013

IEEE C37.118IEEE C37.118

MPLS

PMUAngamos PMU

Lagunas

PMUDomeyko

PMUCollahuasi

Implementation in 4th Quarter 2015

PMUAndes

PMUArgentina

Implementation in 2nd Quarter 2015

PDCPMU

Crucero

IEEE C37.118

SCADADNP3

WAM System at SING 2015

Experience

MainGoals

Main dipCDEC-SINGWAM Pilot

Project

- It has been implemented without regulatory liability.

- System DFR. Quick post-mortem analysis.

- It opens an argument about allowing ISO to install PMU on asset owner’s facilities.

- An early evaluation of the WAM‘s Platform.

- Current measurement restrictions.

- Limited quantity of PMU measurement points.

- Communication link with high latency and low availability.

- Control are not feasible.

Experience

Communication links curtailment – Commercial MPLS Network.

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

1 2 3 4

Val

or

de

Lat

en

cia

N° de Semanas

Medida de Latencia a las 12.00hrs

S/E Angamos

S/E Lagunas

S/E Crucero

S/E Domeyko

Data Latency: Average in 12 hrs window.

Experience

Initial WAM interface for evaluation: January 2013

Experience

Final development for the Dispatch Control Center: December 2014

Experience

GEOCHART Frequency(t)

df/dt

Vf-f (t)

Angular Diff (t) Polar Graph

Final development for the Dispatch Control Center: December 2014

Experience

WAM System 2015: Main tools

Oscillation Detector

Islanding Detector

Lever detectors: f, <, V

Post-mortem analysis

Corridor Voltage Stability*

* Chile – Argentina 345 kV corridor.

Experience

Black Out SING June 2014.

System demand: 1,840 MW

Lost; 93%

Stand;7%

Experience

Quick post-mortem analysis: SCADA records

Keys:- Wrong data slows down to make decisions under pressure.- Poor information in the first minutes of the event, makes slow system

restoration under event uncertainties.- Signals locked, because problems with the DNP3 protocol under lost

and return of communication links.- For quick analysis, the COMTRADE record of different IED is required.

Experience

Análisis Post Mortem Black Out Junio 2014: Registro WAM con 3 puntos disponibles.

1F-T fault(a) by 200 ms.2F-T (a-b) by 460 ms.Clearing time: 660 ms.

Angamos Lagunas

1F-T (a) fault by 190 ms.2F-T (a-b) fault by 450 ms.Clearing time: 640 ms.

VaVbVc

VaVbVc

Experience

1F-T fault (a) by 200 ms.2F-T fault (a-b) by 720 ms.Clearing time: 920 ms.

CruceroNoticeable:- The fault happened at 11:44:59 am.- Local Control informed the exactly

point of fault at 12:14pm.- The fault event was invisible for SCADA

WAM System with resolution of 0.02 s:- Confirmation of the fault location.- Show 1F-T fault by 200ms and evolving

to 2F-T fault by 450 ms, without needing IED COMTRADE records .

- The local protection system did not receive backup from adjacent IED.

VaVbVc

Experience

df/dt = 0,566 Hz/sf

<°

2014

CNE

CDEC-SICCDEC-SING

Consultant

2015

Grid Code Version 2014 added the necessity of synchrophasor system.

Technical Annex of the Grid Code is under development, and CDEC-SING is contributing with his experience on WAM Pilot Project.

Future Request

• Infrastructure for digital communication links data transfer:

Control / Protection:

– Data Latency < 120 ms / 40 ms.

– Communication link availability > 99,95% / 99,995%

• Specific CDEC-SING request:

– Full resolution for 50Hz (50 samples per second).

– Data exchange IEC60870-6 TASE.2, IEC 60870-5-104 and IEEE C37.118 (PMU).

– Future Data exchange: IEC 61850-90-5.

Future Request

WAM 2015 – 2018

The Chilean SING:

- It will be the main node for interconnection between large systems.

- High potential for Solar Power Plant Development.

- Strategic, because 70% of the demand is mining industry.

WAM Network is not a privilege, is a necessity.

1500 MW

700 MW

¿? MWSING 2018

WAM 2015 – 2018

WAM Network is not a privilege, is a necessity.

SING 2018

The Chilean SING:

- It will be the main node for interconnection between large systems.

- High potential for Solar Power Plant Development.

- Strategic, because 70% of the demand is mining industry.

Conclusions

The WAM System is the Operator’s DFR, improving their capacity for quick analysis of fault events.

Model validation of interconnected systems behavior.

Performance evaluation for SIPS and RAS

Inter-area Oscillations between a small system SING against larger systems must be monitored for security.

Conclusions

Monitoring the transmission system availability for exporting Solar Energy.

The Chilean SING will be a relevant player in South American region as a Solar Energy exporter.

For us, the future of the Automated Operational Control begins with WAM systems.

Thank youfor your attention

iPC GRID 2015

San Francisco, California.

Erick Zbinden Araya

CDEC-SING