High Quality Instrumentation for Plant Sciences

Product Catalog

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Editorial

Innovation and Tradition:These are the driving forces which made theHeinz Walz GmbH one of the world’s topproducers of highly sophisticated photosyn-thesis measuring systems.

Close connections to leading scientists inbasic and applied research have stimulatedmany innovative developments. Excellence inproduct quality and service have been atradition of this company since its foundingin 1972.

The current product line ranges from the wellknown PAM-Chlorophyll Fluorometers tomeasuring systems of plant gas-exchangefor physiological and ecophysiologicalresearch. Dew-Point Mirror MeasuringSystems as well as Cold Traps and Meas-uring Gas Coolers complement the line ofproducts.

Since the edition of our last Product Catalogin 2004, some exciting new developmentshave taken place. After having servedgenerations of scientists for 20 years, the"good-old" PAM-101/102/103 eventually wasreplaced by the new Dual-PAM-100.Likewise, the HCM-1000 portable gas-exchange system was replaced by the newGFS-3000 Portable Gas-Exchange Fluores-cence System. Furthermore, with theintroduction of the IMAGING-PAM M-Seriesthe range of applications of chlorophyllfluorescence imaging was largely extended.

This Product Catalog can only illustrate themost important aspects of the variousinstruments. More detailed information on allproducts is given on our homepagewww.walz.com, from where various bro-chures can be downloaded. A network ofdistributors in many countries provides closecontact and technical advice to customersthroughout the world.

Since the introduction of our first chlorophyllfluorometer in 1985, PAM-Chlorophyll-Fluorometers manufactured by the HeinzWalz GmbH have become a standard inbasic and applied photosynthesis research.Walz PAM-Fluorometers have contributeddecisively to progress in photosynthesisresearch as well as plant eco- and stress-physiology. These contributions aredocumented in countless publications innumerous scientific journals and books.

Meanwhile, a large family of PAM-Fluoro-meters for many different applications hasevolved. PAM-Fluorometers are applied formeasurements of photosynthetic parametersof plants in terrestrial as well as aquaticenvironments.

They provide detailed information from thelevel of whole leaves down to single cells andchloroplasts. All of these instruments employthe "Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation" (PAM)measuring principle, which is unique inproviding a highly selective measure of therelative chlorophyll fluorescence quantumyield. In conjunction with the "saturationpulse method", PAM-Fluorometers allowrapid assessment of photosynthetic energyconversion, wherever this takes place, in thefield, greenhouse or laboratory.

The most recent member of the PAM family,the P700 & Fluorescence Measuring SystemDual-PAM-100, stands for the beginning of anew generation of extremely versatile andpowerful instruments. Based on the originalPulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) meas-uring principle, these instruments provide asecond signal channel for measuring otherphotosynthesis parameters (like P700, P515or NADPH) in parallel with Chl fluorescence.This opens the way for a deepened analysisof photosynthetic performance.

On the following pages, we provide a shortdescription of the various instruments andmeasuring systems, highlighting specialfeatures and optional accessories.

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Chlorophyll Fluorescence &P700 Absorbance Measuring Systems

Products

• Dual-PAM-100 (p. 4/5)

• IMAGING-PAM M-Series (p. 6/7)

• PAM-2500 (p. 8/9)

• MINI-PAM (p. 10/11)

• MONITORING-PAM (p. 12/13)

• JUNIOR-PAM (p. 14)

• XE-PAM (p. 15)

• MICROSCOPY-PAM (p. 16/17)

• MICROFIBER-PAM (p. 16/17)

• WATER-PAM (p. 16/17)

• DIVING-PAM (p. 18/19)

• ToxY-PAM (p. 20)

• PHYTO-PAM (p. 21)

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Dual-PAM-100P700 & Chl Fluorescence Measuring System

The Dual-PAM-100 is the successor of thewell-proven PAM-101/102/103, with consider-able improvements in opto-electronic design,data acquisition and range of applications.It is optimized for simultaneous measurementsof Chl fluorescence and P700 absorbance,thus providing analogous information on theefficiency of energy conversion in PS I andPS II.

Alternatively, instead of P700 other keyphotosynthesis parameters (�pH, membranepotential, NADPH) can be measured in parallelwith Chl fluorescence, using optional emitter-detector modules. With the help of a novelhigh-frequency differential dual-wavelengthmodulation technique high signal/noise ratiosare obtained at high time resolution.

Various optical configurations are availablefor measurements on leaves and suspensions.For high sensitivity fluorescence applicationsa photomultiplier detector module is available.

While optimal results are obtained with P700measurements in the transmission mode, alsoa fiberoptics version for high-quality meas-urements from sample surfaces (remissionmode) has been developed.

The Dual-PAM-100 is fully computer-controlledand all essential light sources (including LEDarray for single and multiple turnoversaturating flashes) are integrated in the basicsystem.

Accessories

• Optical Unit ED-101US/MD

• Temperature Control Block for cuvetteED-101US/T

• P515 Emitter-Detector Module

• NADPH Fluorescence Module

• Photomultiplier Detector Module

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IMAGING-PAM M-SeriesChlorophyll Fluorometer

The IMAGING-PAM M-Series is a family ofIMAGING-PAM-Chlorophyll-Fluorometers withvaries types of emitter-detector heads formeasuring images of photosynthetic activityof a wide range of samples, ranging fromsingle cells (MICROSCOPY-version) to largeleaves or samples in multiwell plates (MAXI-version).

• Alternative 1/2” CCD camera with zoomobjective option

• Filter Plate IMAG-MAX/F

• Leaf Distance Holder IMAG-MAX/B

• Stand with Base Plate ST-101

• Compact Tripod ST-1010

• Notebook PC IMAG-PC (for all versions)

MAXI-Version

• MINI Measuring Head red (special version forcyanobacteria) IMAG-MIN/R

• MINI Measuring Head for Green Fluorescent Protein IMAG-MIN/GFP

• Leaf Holder IMAG-MIN/BK

• Adapter for GFS-3000 IMAG-MIN/GFS

Different CCD cameras and objective lenses(including zoom) are available for the MAXI-version which can be applied in a variety ofoptical configurations.

The MINI-version is particularly compact andbest suited for field measurements. TheMICRO-version allows imaging at the tissuelevel, without investment into a sophisticatedepifluorescence microscope.

Accessories MINI-Version

Accessories MAXI-Version

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The same Multi Control Unit (IMAG-CM)applies for all versions. All instrument functionsare computer-controlled using the dedicatedImagingWin software. Besides Chl fluores-cence also remitted red and near-infraredlight are imaged (MAXI- and MINI-versions),from which images of the absorption ofphotosynthetically active radiation (PARAbsorptivity, Absorptance) are derived.

Using the Saturation Pulse method all essentialfluorescence parameters, as e.g. Fo, Fm, Fm',Y(II), qP, qN and NPQ can be imaged. Fordefined sample areas of interest (AOI) dark-light Induction Curves and Light Curves canbe measured, as with all PAM-Fluorometers.

Special versions are available for imagingGreen Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and ReactiveOxygen Species (ROS). The MICROSCOPY-version, for which a Zeiss Axiostar Plus isrecommended, can be equipped with a varietyof pulse-modulated LED-sources. Using aPC-controlled Red-Green-Blue lamp and aspecial deconvolution routine, differentlypigmented organisms (e.g. green algae,diatoms, cyanobacteria) can be differentiated.

AccessoriesMICROSCOPY-Version

• Alternative Microscopy LED lamps IMAG-L625(red-orange), IMAG-L365 (UV-A) and IMAG-RGB(red-green-blue)

• Adapter Set for Zeiss Axiostar IMAG-AX

• Fluid-Light-Guide Adapter Set for Zeiss Axiovertand Axioskop IMAG-AXF

MINI-Version

MICROSCOPY-Version

MICRO-Version

• MICRO Measuring Head for Green FluorescentProtein IMAG-MIC/GFP

Accessory MICRO-Version

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PAM-2500Portable Chlorophyll Fluorometer

The PAM-2500 marks a new level in thedevelopment of high-end Portable Chloro-phyll Fluorometers that was initiated by thePAM-2000/2100 instruments.

Now, the integration of state-of-the-arttechnology allows the use of high-power lightemitting diodes for all internal light sources.High-speed circuitries permit sampling ratesdown to 2.5 μs per point (effective timeresolution 10 μs). Alternative to the standard630 nm red measuring light, the PAM-2500/Bversion offers 470 nm blue measuring light.

The version PAM-2500/US excels by itsoutstanding degree of sensitivity whichenables high quality measurements with dilutesuspensions of algae, cyanobacteria andisolated chloroplasts.

The PAM-2500 Fluorometer is controlled bythe newly-developed PamWin-3 software. Itoffers a “Field Screen” for touch screen

operation by an ultra mobile PC. The softwareprovides routines for measuring dark-lightInduction Curves and Light Curves. Fastkinetics can be programmed using a specialgraphical user interface. Standard programsare provided, e.g. for recording of thePolyphasic Fluorescence Rise and thefluorescence relaxation kinetics following asaturating Single Turnover flash.

The Script File feature of PamWin-3 allowsto run complex experiments automatically. Inthis way, sophisticated measurements canbe carried out reliably and reproducibly evenby inexperienced users.

In brief, its advanced level of optoelectronicsand its user friendly software have renderedthe PAM-2500 Portable Chlorophyll Fluoro-meter considerably more powerful andversatile than its predecessors, and thisprogress is not reflected in a correspondinglyincreased price.

Accessories

• Ultra-mobile touchscreen computer

• Leaf-Clip Holder 2030-B

• Arabidopsis Leaf Clip 2060-B

• Micro Quantum/Temperature-Sensor 2060-M

• Suspension Cuvette KS-2500

Field Screenof PamWin-3

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Accessories

• Leaf Clip Holder 2030-B

• Arabidopsis Leaf Clip 2060-B

• Micro Quantum/Temp.-Sensor 2060-M

• Dark Leaf Clips DLC-8

• External Halogen Lamp 2050-HB

• Miniature Fiberoptics MINI-PAM/F1

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MINI-PAMPhotosynthesis Yield Analyzer

Compact design and easy operation are themost outstanding features of the MINI-PAM.The capacity of the MINI-PAM was inten-tionally restricted to the analysis of relativelyslow fluorescence changes making thisdevice particularly well suited for determina-tion of quantum yield and photosyntheticelectron transport rate (Genty-method).

An innovative optical system providesextremely high actinic intensities of whitelight via flexible 5.5 mm Ø glass fiberoptics.For an exact assessment of the quantum fluxdensity at the fluorescence measuring site,the user can apply the same leaf-clip holderthat works with the PAM-2500.

The best measuring results are obtainedwith leaves or material with similar chloro-phyll content. The instrument is deliveredwith either red or blue measuring LEDs.

Excellent signal quality is also achieved byusing an optional 2 mm Ø plastic fiberoptic.This can be attached to the cover of a gas-exchange cuvette providing parallel gas-exchange and fluorescence measurementswithout shading.

While the MINI-PAM normally is operated inthe stand-alone mode, it can be alsooperated in conjunction with a PC using theWinControl software. Data stored in thestand-alone mode (up to 4,000 data sets)can be readily transferred to a PC for furtheranalysis under WinControl.

Particularly important information on thephotosynthetic performance of plants undernatural light conditions can be obtained bypreprogrammed Rapid Light Curves.

2030-B and2050-HB

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MONITORING-PAMMulti-Channel Chlorophyll Fluorometer

The MONITORING-PAM is designed forcontinuous monitoring of chlorophyll fluores-cence parameters at multiple measuring sitesunder field conditions. Up to 4 measuringheads can be operated in parallel using thesame data acquisition system (multi-siteversion of WinControl software), with a maximaldistance of 10 m between the measuringsites.

All components are robust and waterproof,so that the MONITORING-PAM can be keptwithout attendance for longer times undernatural environmental conditions.

The system consists of several emitter-detectorheads (MONI-Head/485) connected via RS-485 with a central Interface Box (MONI-IB4/USB) powered by 12 V supply. Communi-cation of the Interface Box with an externalPC is via USB.

A special leaf-holder is provided, featuring awhite diffuser/reflector that serves for PAR-detection at the site of fluorescencemeasurement. In this way, measurements offluorescence parameters by the SaturationPulse method provide reliable information onthe long-term photosynthetic performance ofplants in their natural environment.

MONI-HEAD/485

MONI-IB4/USB

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JUNIOR-PAMChlorophyll Fluorometer

The JUNIOR-PAM features the best price-performance ratio of all PAM-Fluorometers.It excels by its simplicity and ease of operation.Hence, it is particularly well suited for teachingclasses and workshops, where availability ofa larger number of instruments is essentialfor gaining hands-on experience.

The JUNIOR-PAM is operated via a PC usingthe sophisticated WinControl software, whichis also applied in conjunction with larger PAMdevices, like MINI-, DIVING- and WATER-PAM.The JUNIOR-PAM is unique in not requiringa separate power supply, as it is powered bythe PC via the USB connector.

All optical and electronic hardware compo-nents are contained in a small box (11.5 x6.5 x 3.0 cm) that is connected to the samplevia a 1 m long single plastic fiber with 1.5mm diameter. Two different types of leaf-holders are provided, a 60° clip for meas-urements in ambient light and a dark-clip forFo-Fm and Fv/Fm measurements. Far-redlight can be applied for selective excitationof PS I.

Accessories

• Actinic-/Saturation Light Unit XE-AL

• Fiberoptics 101-F and 101-F5

• Flash Lamp XE-ST for ”Pump-and-Probe” measurements

• Filtersets FS-9AA, FS-NADPH and FS-UV for special applications

• PAM-Data-Acquisition-System PDA-100

• Spherical Micro Quantum Sensors US-SQS/IBand US-SQS/WB

• Temperature Control Unit US-T

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XE-PAMChlorophyll Fluorescence Measuring System

XE-ST

Special features of the XE-PAM Fluorometerare its exceptionally high measurementsensitivity and high degree of flexibility forproducing various excitation wavelengths.The high sensitivity permits chlorophyll fluo-rescence quenching analysis of photosyn-thetically active chlorophyll in natural surfacewaters (down to 0.5 microgram Chl/l). As analternative, it is also possible to perform ananalysis using the ”pump-and-probe”method.

Hence, the XE-PAM constitutes an idealmeasuring system for phytoplanktonresearch. In addition, this device is also well-suited for various other applications. In thepump-and-probe operating mode, thereoxidation of the primary PSII-acceptor QA

can be assessed with a time resolution of 10microseconds (herbicide research). For thispurpose the special Single Turnover PumpFlash Lamp XE-ST is available.

Using special sets of excitation and detec-tion filters, it is also possible to measurefluorescence changes of 9-aminoacridine(indicator of the transmembrane protongradient) and of NADPH (in vitro and in vivo)with high resolution. An application ofparticular current interest are measurementsof UV-excited chlorophyll fluorescence forthe determination of the UV-filteringproperties of the leaf epidermis (approachaccording to Bilger et al.).

PDA-100

US-T

MC-MQS

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MICROSCOPY-,MICROFIBER- &WATER-PAMChlorophyll Fluorometer based on theUniversal Control Unit PAM-CONTROL

The PAM-CONTROL Universal Control Unit isa microprocessor-based device forconducting extremely sensitive chlorophyllfluorescence measurements in a variety ofspecialized optical geometries using aphotomultiplier fluorescence detector. Light-emitting diodes (LED) not only serve assources of pulse modulated measuring light,but of actinic light and saturation pulses aswell.

The PAM-CONTROL may be operated as aportable stand-alone device (in analogy tothe MINI-PAM Photosynthesis Yield Analyzer)or operated in conjunction with a PC usingthe dedicated WinControl software.

The PAM-CONTROL combined with anEpifluorescence Microscope constitutes theMICROSCOPY-PAM, enabling the full spec-trum of chlorophyll fluorescence quenchinganalysis at the level of single cells or evensingle chloroplasts.

AccessoriesMICROSCOPY-PAM

• Epifluorescence Microscope ZeissAxiostar Plus MC-AXIOSTAR

• Adapter Set for Zeiss Axio-Series MC-AX25

• Micro Quantum Sensor MC-MQS

MICROSCOPY-PAM

PAM-CONTROL

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Combining the PAM-CONTROL with aMultimode Fibercoupler yields the MICRO-FIBER-PAM, an instrument suitable for smallspot measurements at the surface and indifferent cell layers of photosynthesizingtissues. For this purpose a number ofdifferently colored LED-Light sources withintegrated fiber coupler optics are available.

Three different versions of the WATER-PAMwith different emitter-detector units aremanufactured: The standard WATER-EDfeaturing a 15 mm Ø quartz glass cuvetteenclosed in a compact housing is optimizedfor high sensitivity phytoplankton measure-ments. The fiberoptics version WATER-EDFis equipped with a single 1.5 mm Ø plasticfiber and can be recommended for measure-ments on periphyton/microphytobenthos andendolithic algae.

The flow-through version WATER-FT consistsof a highly sensitive measuring head (excep-tionally low background signal) enclosed ina water-proof flow-through chamber. It is wellsuited for continuous monitoring of surfacewater pumped from reservoirs, lakes, riversand oceans. All versions are available eitherwith red or blue excitation.

AccessoriesMICROFIBER-PAM

• LED Measuring Light Sources MF-L520, MF-L630 and MF-L650

• Working Fiber 100/140 micrometer MF-F

• Stirring Device WATER-S

• Spherical Micro Quantum SensorUS-SQS/WB

WATER-FT

WATER-EDF

MICROFIBER-PAM

PAM-CONTROL

WATER-ED

Accessories WATER-PAM

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Accessories

• Universal Sample Holder DIVING-USH

• Dark Leaf Clips DIVING-LC

• Magnet Sample Holders DIVING-MLC

• Miniature Fiberoptics DIVING-F1

• Underwater Cable DIVING-K (25 m and 50 m long)

The DIVING-PAM was developed especiallyfor underwater photosynthesis measure-ments. From the perspective of electronicsand data acquisition, it is practically identicalwith the MINI-PAM, except that the DIVING-PAM is integrated into a submersiblehousing and equipped with integrated light,temperature and depth sensors.

This thoroughly unique device is suited fordetailed investigations of submersed plantsin situ, down to a depth of 50 m, includingthe very interesting phycosymbionts incorals, sea anemones, ascidians, etc., whichuntil now have been little researched. Forhandling of various types of samples (corals,seagrass, periphyton etc.) the UniversalSample Holder DIVING-USH is available.

An innovative keyboard functions on thebasis of light reflected from a fingertip andensures simple handling of the DIVING-PAM,even in difficult underwater conditions. Aspecial aspect of this device is its extensivedata storage capacity (4,000 data records).

Data can be transferred later to a PC forfurther analysis. Also, via an underwaterinterface cable, the DIVING-PAM can bedirectly linked to a PC and remotelycontrolled using the WinControl software.

Particularly important information on thephotosynthetic performance of aquatic orga-nisms in a rapidly changing light environ-ment can be obtained by preprogrammedRapid Light Curves.

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DIVING-PAMUnderwater Fluorometer

DIVING-USH

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ToxY-PAMDual-Channel Yield Analyzer

The ToxY-PAM is a highly specialized chloro-phyll fluorometer which allows detection ofvery small differences in the effective quan-tum yield (Y) between two samples. It isexceptionally well suited for detecting toxicsubstances in water samples (e.g. drinkingwater, water used in the food industry).

In conjunction with lyophilized thylakoids, theToxY-PAM provides a highly sensitive bio-assay test characterized by a detection limitequivalent to 0.02 microgram Diuron/l. Thissystem excels in the detection of photo-system II herbicides.

Using suspensions of unicellular algae (e.g.diatoms) a more extensive bioassay test canbe conducted to detect a large number ofother toxic substances that affect theenzymatic steps of photosynthesis, as wellas parts of the associated cell metabolism.

The ToxY-PAM features two identical measur-ing chambers. In the first chamber e.g. algaeare suspended in the collected water, whilethe second chamber contains the samealgae suspended in reference water. Bothsamples are identically pre-illuminated,followed by measurement of the effectivequantum yield (Y).

ToxyWinsoftware

Any difference provides information onphytotoxic effectors contained in thecollected water. The measuring routine iscontrolled by a microprocessor and fullyautomated.

For PC-operation the dedicated Windowssoftware ToxyWin is provided. The data sets(F, Fm, Y, % Inhibition and Diuron equivalentsin microgram/l) are stored automatically andanalyzed statistically (standard deviationetc.).

Accessories

• Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS (System I)

• Temperature Control Unit US-T (System I)

• Stirring Device WATER-S (System II)

• Spherical Micro Quantum Sensor US-SQS/B (Systems I and II)

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PHYTO-PAMPhytoplankton Analyzer

The PHYTO-PAM is a 4-wavelength chloro-phyll fluorometer for ultrasensitive assess-ment of chlorophyll content, composition andphotosynthetic activity of phytoplankton innatural surface waters as well as of micro-phytobenthos and periphyton. Outstandingfeatures are:

• Differentiating between green algae, diatoms and cyanobacteria

• Measuring the concentration of active chlorophyll down to ca. 0.1 μg Chl/l

• Assessment of effective quantum yield and relative electron transport rate (ETR)

• Automated recordings of light response curves of Yield- and ETR-parameters

• PhytoWin software for system control, data acquisition and analysis via PC.

Three alternative system versions withdifferent Emitter-Detector units (measuringheads) are available for different types ofsamples and applications:

1) System I for laboratory work featuring a standard 10x10 mm cuvette using the Optical Unit ED-101US and separate LED-array cones for Measuring and Actinic Light. This system can be particularly recommended for basic research because ofthe well-defined optics.

PHYTO-EDSystem II

PHYTO-EDFSystem III

US-SQS/B

2) System II for field and on-deck workfeaturing a 15 mm Ø cuvette in the PHYTO-ED unit, with all optoelectronical componentsbeing contained in one miniature housing.

3) System III for microphytobenthos and periphyton work featuring the fiberoptics measuring head PHYTO-EDF.

System I

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Gas-ExchangeSystems & Accessories

• GFS-3000 (p. 24/25)

• Gas-Exchange Stations (p. 26)

• FL-460 (p. 27)

• TS-2 (p. 28)

• KF/MGK (p. 29)

Measuring systems for assessing gas-exchange of plants were the first productsof the Heinz Walz GmbH. Hence, in this fieldof instrument development, the Heinz WalzGmbH relies on 35 years of tradition andexperience.*

While the first instruments were contained inman-sized boxes and connected to plantchambers with volumes of several liters, thesystems have become more and moreminiaturized over the years. The presentportable instruments require just a fewsquare centimeters of leaf surface for highlyaccurate and reliable measurements.

From the beginning, the Heinz Walz GmbHfavored an ”open” gas-exchange measuringsystem, in contrast to the systems of othercompanies. Over the years, this openmeasuring system has generally become thepreferred method. An infrared-gas-analyzer(IRGA) which simultaneously providesdifferential and absolute data on CO2 andH2O exchange is used.

Gas-exchange systems of the Heinz WalzGmbH, ranging from large measuringsystems to portable field instruments, allutilize a differential IRGA and feature fullcontrol of the essential parameters of light,temperature, humidity and CO2. The entireproduct line of gas-exchange measuringequipment includes complete systems aswell as numerous accessories, which can beapplied independently in various applica-tions. These include Cold Traps, Dew-PointMirrors and special Lighting Units for plantchambers.

* Koch W., Walz H. (1967):Kleinklimaanlage zur Messung des pflanzlichen Gaswechsels.Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaften 54: 321-322

Schulze E.-D., Hall A.E., Lange O.L., Walz H. (1982):A Portable Steady-State Porometer for Measuring the CarbonDioxide and Water Vapour Exchanges of Leaves Under NaturalConditions. Oecologia 53: 141-145

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Accessories

• Various cuvettes for Lichens/Mosses, Conifersand Arabidopsis

• Fully climatized cuvettes with larger volume

• Fiberoptics PAM Fluorometer 3050-F

• LED-Array/PAM Fluorometer 3055-FL

• IMAGING-PAM Mini-Head

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GFS-3000Portable Gas-Exchange Fluorescence System

The Portable Gas-Exchange FluorescenceSystem GFS-3000 is a high-precision gas-exchange measuring system suitable for field,green house and laboratory. The GFS-3000includes full control of CO2 and H2Oconcentration, cuvette or leaf temperature,ventilation and light.

Complementary information on photosyntheticparameters can be obtained by simultaneouschlorophyll fluorescence measurements usingone of 3 alternative PAM-Fluorometers. Aspecial LED-Array/PAM combination can bemounted instead of the standard LED lightsource, providing fluorescence informationover the whole 8 cm2 sample area.

Alternatively, fluorescence images can bemeasured using the IMAGING-PAM Mini-Head. Last but not least, for measurementsin ambient light a Fiberoptics PAM version isavailable. The essential fluorescence andgas-exchange parameters are stored in onedata record.

Many special applications are possible likemeasuring lichens or mosses under veryhumid conditions, measuring samples growingon surfaces such as stones or bark, andseparate assessment of upper and lower leafside. Furthermore, fully climatized cuvetteswith larger volumes can be connected formeasurements of small branches or wholeplants. 3055-FL

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Gas-ExchangeMeasuring Stations

Accessories

• Various Measuring Chambers

• Lighting Unit

• Measuring Gas Cooler Unit

• Input Humidity Control Unit

• Gas Mixing Unit

• Bypass Humidity Control Unit

Gas-exchange measuring stations areconstructed according to customer require-ments and are used to operate large gas-exchange chambers. The volume of the gas-exchange chambers ranges from 2.5 up to amaximum of 30 l. These systems can beused for laboratory applications or in thefield, e.g. for long-term investigations.

As in the case of the Portable Gas-ExchangeFluorescence System GFS-3000, thesesystems are also ”open” gas-exchangemeasuring systems operating on the differen-tial principle.

They are normally equipped with a bypasshumidity control unit since the quantity ofwater vapor released in the measuringchamber is high due to the large amount ofplant material enclosed. The humidityconditions can be controlled with an inputhumidity control unit and the CO2 conditionswith a CO2 gas mixing unit.

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FL-460Lighting Unit

The Lighting Unit FL-460 uses a halogenlamp as light source and distributes the lightusing a special fiberoptics. This unit providesthe advantages of a halogen lamp, specifi-cally high light intensity and a light spectrumsimilar to sunlight. The fiberoptics provide agood light distribution and this is comple-mented by a nearly complete elimination viafiltering of infrared radiation.

These advantages make the Lighting UnitFL-460 not only highly suitable for our gas-exchange chambers but also for many otherapplications. The light intensity can either beset electronically or by using neutral filters.Two filter shafts are available for the neutralfilters. However, it is also possible to controlthe light intensity by an external signal.

The special fiberoptics, 120 cm in length,consists of approx. 200 single Plexiglassfibers, with a diameter of 1 mm each. Thesefibers are randomly mixed and arranged inan array, forming a joint circular output areaof 9 cm in diameter. A flange at the lightoutlet is used to mount the special fiber-optics to a gas-exchange chamber, labora-tory stand, etc.

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TS-2Dew-Point Mirror Measuring System

The model TS-2 belongs to the third genera-tion of dew-point mirror measuring systems,which feature extended measuring rangesand meet modern requirements with respectto operation and data processing. The dew-point mirror measuring system TS-2 isdesigned for use as a stand-alone unit or itcan be integrated into a wide variety ofequipment. It is ideally suited for control oralarm monitoring applications.

Accessory

• Temperature Transducer TS-2MU

The dew-point mirror measuring systembasically consists of a control and displayunit and the dew-point mirror measuringhead. Use of the optional temperaturetransducer (for connecting a Pt100 sensor),enables the measuring gas temperature tobe recorded. In this case the relativehumidity is also calculated via software anddisplayed.

The dew-point mirror measuring system ismicroprocessor-controlled and the operatorinteracts with the unit using three push-buttons. Operation is very simple. However,the control and display unit can also beaddressed via the RS232 interface.

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KF/MGKCold Traps and Measuring Gas Coolers

Cold Traps (one gas path) and MeasuringGas Coolers (two pneumatically separated,parallel gas paths) control the dew-point in agas stream. For this purpose, the gas streamis simply directed through the Cold Trap orthe Measuring Gas Cooler and cooled downto the temperature set on the temperaturecontroller.

If the dew-point of the penetrating gas isabove the set temperature value, theexcessive water vapor condenses; theoutstreaming gas has a defined dew-point,corresponding to the set temperature.

Cold Traps and Measuring Gas Coolers areavailable in different versions. They are verypowerful and may be applied to achievetemperature differences of more than 30°Cwith respect to ambient temperature. Inaddition to this, the dew-point setting is veryaccurate (0.1°C). Besides being typicallyapplied in gas-exchange measuring systems,additional important applications relate tohumidity control, and include:

• Calibration of humidity sensors,dew-point mirror measuring systems, H2O-gas analyzers, etc.

• Drying of gases

• Generation of defined humidity conditions

KR-K-9/2 MGK-1

KF-18/2

KR-KW-12/2

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Outlook

While the Heinz Walz GmbH has been servingscience for 35 years with sophisticatedinstrumentation for photosynthesis/plantresearch, the course is set for furtherinnovations and developments. Technicalprogress, e.g. in LED technology, enablesthe development of novel instrumentation,which again drives progress in science. Viceversa, scientific research reveals the demandsfor new instrumentation, thus stimulating itsdevelopment and indirectly also drivingtechnical progress.

This kind of fruitful mutual stimulation relieson extensive communication and exchangeof information/ideas between researchersand instrument makers. In this context, theHeinz Walz GmbH is well prepared for thefuture by having employed several full-timeplant scientists within the company and beingclosely associated with a group of externalscientists, who are mainly responsible forinstrument development (Ulrich Schreiber,Jörg Kolbowski, Rolf Gademann and ChristofKlughammer). Based on their own practicalexperience, these scientists are well awareof the needs of basic/applied research andable to communicate with other scientists onspecial demands and applications.

When Walz introduced the first open gasexchange measuring systems more than 30years ago and the first PAM-Fluorometers in1985, this triggered a wave of researchactivities, with the range of new applicationssteadily growing until today. While PAMfluorometry so-far has been used primarilyfor assessment of PS II activity, after intro-duction of the Dual-PAM-100, now enhancedresearch activities on properties of PS I,cyclic and intersystem electron transport maybe foreseen.

The same high-frequency differential dual-wavelength modulation technique, whichopened the way for high performance P700and P515 measurements, can be applied formeasuring numerous other optical signals inintact leaves as well as in suspensions ofchloroplasts, algae and cyanobacteria. In thiscontext, we and as well as the photosynthesisresearch community can look forward to thenewly developed KLAS-100 Kinetic LED-ArraySpectrophotometer that will become availablein the near future. This very innovative devicewill allow the deconvolution of 9 different,simultaneously measured absorbancechanges (Cyt f, Cyt b-559, Cyt b-563, C550,P515, light scattering peaking at 535 nm,zeaxanthin peaking at 506 nm, P700,plastocyanin) and thus may be expected togive new impulses for basic and appliedphotosynthesis research.

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Service & SupportAt our website www.walz.com all PC softwareand instruction manuals as well as some keypapers and brochures can be downloaded.

Over the years, the Heinz Walz GmbH hasestablished a worldwide network of reliabledistributors in many countries, who serve ason-site contact partners and in the case ofproblems are also available for rapidassistance.

China

Canada

USA

Argentina

Uruguay

Paraguay BrazilAustralia

New Zealand

The Netherlands

Portugal

Chile

Malaysia

India

Iran JapanKorea

Saudi Arabia

Sweden

Taiwan

Singapore

Thailand

France

Turkey

Pakistan

Vietnam

Indonesia

Sri Lanka

Italy

Heinz Walz GmbH

Eichenring 6 · 91090 Effeltrich · Germany

Tel. +49-(0)9133/7765 -0 · Fax +49-(0)9133/5395

E-mail: info@walz.com · Internet: www.walz.com

Worldwide Network for Distribution, Service and Support

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