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WALL CONSTRUCTION

ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING

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ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING

1. Walls

2. Foundations

. Doo!s

". Windo#s

$. Roo%s s&''ts(Til's

). Roo% st!u*tu!' +. C'ilin, s&''ts

-. C'ilin, st!u*tu!'

. Floo!s

1/. Gutt'!s0 do#n

i's0a!on andd!ains

11. DC 3 a la4'!

to !'5'nt6oistu!'

12.Sun 7!'a8'!s

1.G!ills

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1

"

$ 9 )

+

-

1/

112

ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING

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FUNCTIONS : WALLS

T!ans%'! o% loads 35'!ti*al0 &o!i;ontal and#ind loads

Sti%%n'ss and sta7ilit4

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

Good a'a!an*'

E

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FUNCTIONS : FOUNDATIONS

T!ans%'! loads

Sti%%n'ss

Sta7ilit4 a,ainst '!osion

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

E

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FUNCTIONS 3 DOORS and

WINDOWS !o5id' 6o5'6'nt o% 'ol'0 ,oods and

'>ui6'nt

St!'n,t&

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

E

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FUNCTIONS 3 ROOF

S=EETS AND STRUCTURE St!'n,t&

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

E

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FUNCTIONS : CEILING

Att!a*ti5' a'a!an*'

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

='at insulation

Sound insulation

Du!a7ilit4

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FUNCTIONS : FLOORS

St!'n,t&

R'sist #'a! and t'a!

R'sist a7!asion

T!ans%'! loads

Att!a*ti5' a'a!an*' Du!a7ilit4

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FUNCTIONS 3 DOWNIES0

GUTTERS0 ARONS0 DRAINS E

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FUNCTIONS : DC

DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s' 3 6ad' #it& t#o

*oats o% DC ta! and 2/66 t&i*8 1?2

*'6'nt?sand 6o!ta! la4'!

!'5'nts 6oistu!' !is' to #alls

St!'n,t&

Di6'nsional sta7ilit4

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WALLS

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Different wall types@a Ti67'! s&in,l' #alls

@7 T&at*&'d #alls@* Wattl' and dau7 *onst!u*tion

@d Soil:*'6'nt 7lo*8 #o!8

@' Sun:d!i'd *la4 7!i*8 #alls

@% Ca7oo8 7lo*8 #o!8

@, 7!i*8#o!8 #it& 7u!nt 7!i*8s

@% C'6'nt:sand 7lo*8 #o!8

@, Ru77l' 6ason!4@ As7'stos s&''t'd( G.I s&''t'd #alls

@8 Ra66'd 'a!t& #alls

@l ston' #all #it& no 6o!ta! oints

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Factors affecting the selection of a wall type

d''nds %i!st on t&' t4' o% *onst!u*tion to

7' us'd su*& as t'6o!a!40 s'6i:'!6an'nto! '!6an'nt .

d''nds on t&' 6at'!ials a5aila7l' at t&'

*onst!u*tion lo*ation and t&'i! !i*'sin*lusi5' o% t&'i! t!anso!t *osts

B!i*8s0 Blo*8s 3 '!6an'nt #o!8

Ti67'! s&in,l's0 GI s&''ts0 As7'stos s&''ts3 s'6i '!6an'nt

T&at*&0 #attl' and dau7 : t'6o!a!4

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Sizes of walls

Brickwalls T&i*8n'ss

1166 t&i*8 3 a!tition #alls

22$66 t&i*8 3 '!i6't'! #alls0 outsid' #alls o% a7uildin, o! load 7'a!in, #alls @#alls t&at *a!!4

!oo% loads0 sla7 loads 't*.

T&i*8n'ss N11 L'n,t&

3 126 %o! s&!in8a,' *ont!ol0 us' '

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Sizes of walls

Cement-sand blockwork walls T&i*8n'ss

3 1//660 1$/66 and 2//66

L'n,t&3 Blo*8 l'n,t& "//6603 T&'!'%o!' #all l'n,t& N"//66 @!'%'!!'d

3 Ma

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Sizes of walls

Random rubble masonry walls T&i*8n'ss

3Mini6u6 o% //66

L'n,t&

3Sa6' as 7!i*8 #alls

='i,&t 3 sa6' as 7!i*8 #alls

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Main constituentsof Brickwalls

Bod4 o% t&' #all

last'! o% t&' #all

1$66 t&i*8 3 sin,l' la4'!

1-66 t&i*8 dou7l' la4'!

11 o! 22$

DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s'

Foundation 3

Ru77l' 6ason!40

*on*!'t'0 't*

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ype of

Mortar

Cement Sand !ocation

Cement"Sandmortar

# $ to % &alls abo'eground le'el for

(($mm thick

walls

Cement"Sandmortar

# $ For walls of ##)mm thick*

Mo!ta! %o! #all *onst!u*tion

M i i f ll

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Main constituentsof a wallBlockwalls

Bod4 o% t&' #all

last'! o% t&' #all

1$66 t&i*8 3 sin,l' la4'!

1-66 t&i*8 dou7l' la4'!

1//0 1$/ o! 2//

DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s'

Foundation 3

Ru77l' 6ason!40

*on*!'t'0 7!i*8s 't*

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Mo!ta! %o! Blo*8 #o!8

ype of

Mortar

Cement Sand !ocation

Cement"Sand

mortar

# $ to + &alls abo'e

ground le'el for

(,, and #$, mm

thick walls

Cement"Sand

mortar

# $ For walls of #,,

mm thick*

B!C.S

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L'n,t& ='i,&t Widt& S&'ll

t&i*8n'ssSolid "// 2// 1// :

=ollo#(C'llula! "// 2// 1// 2266

:do: "// 2// 1$/ /66

:do: "// 2// 2// /66:do: "// 2// 2// $66

B!C.S

S&'ll t&i*8n'ssEl'5ation

lan

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&alls of random rubble

masonry Ston's

3Bond ston's s&ould 7' 1$/66 s>ua!'

3L'n,t& o% ston's s&all not '