Walkair TED

8/9/2019 Walkair TED

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Information

WALKair V2.0

UMN:TED

A50010-Z3-C100-1-7618


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UMN:TED InformationWALKair V2.0

2 A50010-Z3-C100-1-7618

U Important Note on Product Safety

Elevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment. Some of theparts can also have elevated operating temperatures.

Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal injury or inproperty damage.

Therefore only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.

The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected has tocomply with the applicable safety standards.

Safety Warnings:

Protective earth must be securely fixed (GND STUD) and installed prior to TNV (TelecomNetwork Voltage) connections.

AC power must be disconnected prior to changing the Power Supply fuse.

DC cable shield must be connected to ground on both sides. A secure connection to the BUcase should be provided via the D-type connector.

Powering off the indoor units is performed by disconnecting the DC power supply cable.

When disconnecting the DC power supply cable from the Main Distribution Power, firstdisconnect the +/-48 V supply, and only then the DC cable shield.

E1 output cables should be installed within the same building as the Base Station BU.

Copyright (C) Siemens AG 1999

Issued by the Information and Communication Networks Group

Hofmannstrae 51

D-81359 Munich

Technical modifications possible.

Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as,

they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.


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Information TEDWALKair V2.0

A50010-Z3-C100-1-7618 3

Contents

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 51.1 System Overview................................................................................................. 51.1.1 Brief Description of the System Components ...................................................... 61.1.2 Operation and Maintenance................................................................................. 71.1.3 System Parameters for Maximum Configuration ................................................. 7

2 Base Station......................................................................................................... 82.1 General ................................................................................................................ 82.2 Base Station/Sector Components........................................................................ 82.3 Hardware ............................................................................................................. 82.3.1 BS Powering ........................................................................................................ 92.3.2 Basic Unit (BU) .................................................................................................. 10

2.3.3 IF Multiplexer ..................................................................................................... 142.3.4 RFU.................................................................................................................... 152.3.5 Antenna.............................................................................................................. 16

3 Terminal Station................................................................................................. 173.1 General .............................................................................................................. 173.2 Terminal Station - Components ......................................................................... 173.3 Hardware ........................................................................................................... 183.3.1 Terminal Station Basic Unit (BU) ....................................................................... 193.3.2 CPE Interface LED............................................................................................. 213.4 RFU and Antenna .............................................................................................. 22

4 Air Protocol ........................................................................................................ 23

4.1 General .............................................................................................................. 234.2 Air Protocol Allocation Mechanism..................................................................... 24

5 Management, Operation and Maintenance........................................................ 255.1 General .............................................................................................................. 255.2 LCI Terminal ...................................................................................................... 255.3 Management Features....................................................................................... 255.3.1 Configuration...................................................................................................... 255.3.2 Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 26

6 Specifications..................................................................................................... 27

7 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 32


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Figures

Fig. 1.1 General System Diagram................................................................................ 5Fig. 1.2 Basic WALKair Components ........................................................................... 6Fig. 2.1 Base Station Installation - Typical Configuration............................................. 8Fig. 2.2 Base Station (BS) - Functional Diagram ......................................................... 9Fig. 2.3 Base Station/Basic Unit - General View........................................................ 10Fig. 2.4 Base Station/Basic Unit - Functional Diagram .............................................. 11Fig. 2.5 BU-BS Front Panel........................................................................................ 12Fig. 2.6 BU-BS Rear Panel ........................................................................................ 13Fig. 2.7 IF Multiplexer Front Panel (8-Port Model Shown) ......................................... 14Fig. 2.8 IF Multiplexer Rear Panel.............................................................................. 14Fig. 2.9 RFU Functional Diagram............................................................................... 15Fig. 2.10 Base Station Antenna.................................................................................. 16Fig. 3.1 Terminal Station Equipment.......................................................................... 17

Fig. 3.2 Terminal Station Installation - Typical Configuration ..................................... 18Fig. 3.3 Terminal Station (TS) - Functional Diagram.................................................. 18Fig. 3.4 BU-TS Front Panel........................................................................................ 20Fig. 3.5 BU-TS Rear Panel (48 VDC Power Option).................................................. 20Fig. 3.6 BU- TS Rear Panel (220 VAC Power Option)............................................... 20Fig. 3.7 RFU-TS and Integrated Antenna .................................................................. 22Fig. 4.1 WALKair Access Method Scheme ................................................................ 23Fig. 4.2 WALKair FDMA............................................................................................. 23Fig. 4.3 WALKair TDMA............................................................................................. 24

Tables

Tab. 1.1 Maximum Values of System Parameters ....................................................... 7Tab. 2.1 Base Station BU Interfaces - Front Panel .................................................... 12Tab. 2.2 Base Station BU Interfaces - Rear Panel..................................................... 13Tab. 2.3 Base Station BU LED Indications................................................................. 13Tab. 2.4 Base Station BU LEDs Color Coding........................................................... 14Tab. 3.1 Terminal Station BU Interfaces .................................................................... 20Tab. 3.2 Terminal Station BU LED Indications........................................................... 21Tab. 3.3 Terminal Station BU LEDs Color Coding ..................................................... 21

This document consists of 34 pages. All pages are issue 1.


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A50010-Z3-C100-1-7618 5

1 Introduction

1.1 System OverviewWALKair

TMis a wideband Wireless Local Loop (WLL) system that provides wireless

access solutions. The system connects customers in one spread area of a few tensof kilometers to the central access point of the Telecom in that area. A general systemdiagram is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Business Customer

Application

Base Station

Micro Cell Feeding

Application

Terminal Station

120oSector

60

oSector

Radio To The Building (RTTB) Application

10-km Radius

Fig. 1.1 General System Diagram

The Base Station, which is located on the network side, provides coverage to a10-kilometer radius (referred to as a cell, extending in a 360

oradius).

A cell can consist of 3 or 6 sectors. A sector (which can be seen as a slice of the cell)can provide coverage of 60

oor 120

o. The coverage angle is a function of the antenna

ordered with the system.

The base station provides Telecom service to Terminal Stations (TSs) which areinstalled at the customer premises and connected to the CPE (such as PBXs, faxmachines, PCs).

WALKair implements a proprietary, patent-pending air protocol for communicationbetween the base station and terminal stations. The access method is based on aTDMA/FDMA/FDD scheme.

WALKair supports operation in the 3.5-GHz- and 10.5-GHz-bands. These bands arerecommended in Europe for PMP systems by ETSI. WALKair is fully compliant with theETSI TM4-DE/TM-04020-TDMA standard for point-to-multipoint digital radio system3 to 11 GHz.

WALKair features a modular architecture that helps reduce startup costs minimizeinitial investment and maximize gradual growth capabilities.


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The deployment of WALKair systems offers the network operator a number ofadvantages when compared with wireline networks and with alternative technologies:

Cost-effective and rapid installation and commissioning

Rapid first provisioning of telecommunication services, e.g. to new buildingdevelopments

Better utilization of in-place main cables

Easier expansion of the network as subscriber base grows

Very high radio efficiency (2.5 bits/s/Hz)

Automatic frequency selection and auto-interference prevention scheme

Efficient high speed Internet access

Modular and fault tolerant architecture

Wide variety of telecom interfaces

An optimized solution for SME access with high growth potential

Cost structure tailored to the new operator needs: low start-up cost, linear growth,low life cycle costs.

1.1.1 Brief Description of the System Components

IF MUX

BU

Base Station (BS)

Sector

Terminal Stations (TS)

Workstation

NMS

Voice &

Data

.

.

.

BU

RFU +

Antenna

RFU

RFU +

Antenna

PBX

Frame

Relay

ISDN

PRI

Antenna

ISDN

BRI

EthernetWorkst

SNMP based NMS

Standard platform

To:

Telecom backbone

ISP

Fig. 1.2 Basic WALKair Components

Base Station(BS)

Located at the network side, the base station provides service to

a cell (a circular coverage area of up to 10-km radius). The base

station provides the interfaces to the telecom switches.Terminal Station(TS)

Located at the customer premises, the terminal station interfaces

with the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), including LAN

bridges/routers and PBXs.

The Air Protocol The air protocol is a patent-pending; proprietary protocol

developed to optimize the air traffic between the exchange and

CPE sides.


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1.1.2 Operation and Maintenance

Operation and maintenance for the system is provided via a Local Craft Interface (LCI)

which can be connected to any network element via an RS232 interface for elementmanagement.

1.1.3 System Parameters for Maximum Configuration

WALKair is a modular system that can be flexibly configured to suit the operationalrequirements. The following table describes the main system parameters:

Parameter Value

Max. number of sectors per cell up to 6

Max. number of BU-BSs per sector up to 8

Max. number of TS per BU-BS up to 16

Max. number of telecom interfaces per base station BU up to 3

Max. number of CPE interfaces per TS BU up to 3

Tab. 1.1 Maximum Values of System Parameters


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2 Base Station

2.1 GeneralLocated at the network side, the base station provides service to a coverage area of upto 10 km, extended in a 360

oradius (referred to as a cell). The base station provides

the interfaces to the telecom switches. The base station consists of several sectors,which cover the cell (3 or 6 sectors can cover a single cell, depending on the type ofantenna).

2.2 Base Station/Sector Components

Fig. 2.1 illustrates a typical Base Station installation.

TELECOM

INTERFACES

IF CABLE

ANTENNA

COAX CABLE

LCI

RFU - BS

RACK

COMPATIBLE

FOR ETSI & 19

ETHERNET

RS232

BU1 . . . BU8

IF-MUX

Fig. 2.1 Base Station Installation - Typical Configuration

2.3 HardwareThe configuration of the sector is modular, and can contain from 1 to 8 Basic Units(BU), an IF Multiplexer, an RF unit and an antenna.

All equipment complies with the ETSI 300-019 standard (indoor: class 3.2;outdoor: class 4.1E).

Each BU-BS operates independently from other BU-BSs, therefore minimizingdowntime and allowing for quick recovery in the event of equipment failure.


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The following functional diagram shows the basic components of the Base Station.

IF-MUX

TELECOM

CPU

FRAMER

MODEM

IF IF

TELECOM

EMS SERIAL / MODEM

EMS ETHERNET

LCI

EXTENSION BUS

TELECOM

CPU

FRAMER

MODEM

IF IF

TELECOM

LCI

EXTENSION BUS

TELECOM

CPU

FRAMER

MODEM

IF IF

TELECOM

LCI

EXTENSION BUS

Antenna

Tx Chain

Rx Chain

Dual Synthesizer

RFU

Diplexer

Diplexer

IF &Power

Fig. 2.2 Base Station (BS) - Functional Diagram

2.3.1 BS Powering

The BS is powered by a DC standard source (48 V) connected to the indoor unit andapplied to the outdoor equipment via coaxial cable.


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2.3.2 Basic Unit (BU)

Fig. 2.3 Base Station/Basic Unit - General View

The Base Station Basic Unit (BU) is a modular device encased in a compact (1U)housing. The BUs main board has three sockets for the telephony/data interfacedaughter boards. Each slot can be equipped with a different type of telecom networkinterface. A BU can be installed with one, two or all three telecom network interfaces.Daughter boards can be changed/added at any time, to support a "grow as you need"modularity.

The following telephony interface daughter boards can be ordered:

E1, G.703, at speed of 2.048 Mbps; traffic range may vary in 64 Kbps increments,from 64 Kbps to 2.048 Mbps.

The BU converts the telecom voice/data into IF signals, which are output to the IFMultiplexer. In the Upstream direction, the BU converts the IF signals back intovoice/data for output to the telecom switch.

Each BU transmits and receives one 1.75 MHz carrier and, by employing TDMA,handles the traffic of several remote Terminal Station (typically 2-10, maximum 16).


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The BU-BS functional diagram is shown in Fig. 2.4.

T e l e c o m I n te r f a c e c a r d



F R A M E R

IF

C P U

T e l e c o mI n t e r f a c e



L C I

S s te mE x t e n s i o n

M O D E M

E t h e r n e t /

M o d e m

Fig. 2.4 Base Station/Basic Unit - Functional Diagram

2.3.2.1 Modem

The Modem features operation at high bit rates of 4.48 Mbps and symbol rates of1.12 MHz. It delivers a net payload of 4.096 Mbps at a low BER of 10

-9. The modem is

highly efficient, with a spectral efficiency of 2.5 bit/sec/Hz. It implements 64QAM andTrellis coding.

An adaptive equalizer, integrated into the modem, supports NLOS fading and timevariations.

2.3.2.2 Framer

The framer converts the telecom signals (PCM format) into air packets using updatedlocation data from the CPU.

The framer is responsible for constructing the airframe according to the air protocol.The framer multiplexes the traffic channels, control channel and overhead bits of theairframe into one bit stream. This bit stream is modulated by the modem.

The framer supports the logic and procedures defined by the air protocol. A sophisti-cated interface between the framer and the main CPU is used to provide the enhancedcapabilities of the air protocol.

2.3.2.3 IF Block

The IF module generates the IF signal and interfaces between the baseband receivedfrom the modem and the IF frequency signal output to the RFU. This block is alsoresponsible for supplying the DC power to the RFU. The IF and DC signals are carriedon the coaxial cable to the RFU.


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2.3.2.4 CPU

The CPU block is responsible for handling of the air protocol and the Local Craft

Interface (LCI) and the management protocol (future use). The CPU block contains theCPU, data storage and software storage (FLASH memory). Up to two softwareversions can reside simultaneously on the FLASH, allowing download of new softwareversions to the TS without service interruption

2.3.2.5 BU-BS Interfaces

The BU interfaces are located on both the front and rear panels of the unit. The inter-faces found on the front panel are shown in Fig. 2.5 and are listed in Tab. 2.1. Theinterfaces found on the rear panel are shown in Fig. 2.6 and are listed in Tab. 2.2.

ETHEXTINT

XXXXXXXX

E1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDN E1/P-ISDN

XXXXXXXX

TxRx

RxTx

RxTx

RxTx

Port 2 Port 1 Port 0

a b c

a s d f g

Fig. 2.5 BU-BS Front Panel

Note: Some of the BU front panels may have the following signs instead of Tx/Rx:

Tx (Output from the BU)

Rx (Input to the BU)

Port Number Type Description

IF Ports a SMA Provides the interface to the IF Multiplexer.When ordered with an N-type connector, the BU

can be connected directly to a RF Unit (single

BU option).

E1 Telecom

Ports (1 to 3)

s RJ45 Each of these ports provides the interface to a2 Mbps telecom switch channel

Ethernet d Ethernet 10baseT,RJ45 connector

Provides an interface to an external manage-

ment system. Intended for future use.

Serial f RJ45 Provides an interface to a modem or PADdevice for an external management system.Intended for future use.

LCI

(Local Craft Interface)

g RJ45 Provides the interface to a Local Craft Terminal

Tab. 2.1 Base Station BU Interfaces - Front Panel


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Input Vol: 48VDCInput Curr: 5

Amp

I

N

SYS CLKI

N

OUTOUTEXTENSION BUS BSXXXXXX

OUTI I

h j k l

Fig. 2.6 BU-BS Rear Panel


Power h 3-pin D-type Provides 48VDC operating power to the BU

Ground Screw j NC8 diameter Provides the connection to an earth ground

Extension Bus (2) k 25-pin D-type Allows chaining of BUs in Master/Slave managementconfiguration. In this configuration, one BU serves as the

mediation device for all chained BUs, transferring the

management data to all BUs. Intended for future use.

External Clock (2) l RJ45 Allows chaining of BUs, when locking the clock of allchained BUs to an external 2 MHz clock. Intended for

future use.

Tab. 2.2 Base Station BU Interfaces - Rear Panel

2.3.2.6 BU-BS LED Indications

The front panel of the BU houses 3 LED indicators, listed in Tab. 2.3. The color coding

of the LEDs is described in Section 2.3.2.8.

LED Letter Description

EXT (Outdoor) a Indicates the status of the outdoor equipment

(e.g., failure in the RFU or a lost connection with one of

the TSs)

INT (Indoor) b Indicates the status of the indoor equipment

(e.g., Loss of Signal on one of the E1s connected to the

BU)

ETH (Ethernet) c Indicates the status of the Ethernet port

Tab. 2.3 Base Station BU LED Indications

2.3.2.7 Telecom LED

Each telecom module has a single LED, which provides indications as to the operationof the telecom channel. The color coding of the Telecom LED is described inSection 2.3.2.8.


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2.3.2.8 LEDs Color Coding

Tab. 2.4 summarizes the various BU-BS LED states.

LED State LED

Internal External Ethernet Telecom

Blinking RED Disable Major Disable

RED Major Major Major

Blinking Yellow Loopback Loopback Loopback

Yellow Minor Minor Minor

Blinking Green Software Download

Green OK OK OK OK

Tab. 2.4 Base Station BU LEDs Color Coding

2.3.3 IF Multiplexer

Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Tx4

Rx6

Tx5 Tx8Tx7

Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4 Rx5

Tx6

Rx7 Rx8

POWERFAIL

XXXXXXXX

Fig. 2.7 IF Multiplexer Front Panel (8-Port Model Shown)

PWR

InputVol: 36-72VDC

InputCurr: 3Amp

IN

OUT

IF IN/OUTEXTENSION BUS

XXXXXXXXXX

Fig. 2.8 IF Multiplexer Rear Panel

The IF Multiplexer combines the IF signals from/to the various BUs and the 48 VDCfeeding into a single coax cable that goes up to the roof top, where the RF unit andantenna are located. Up to 8 BUs may operate together combined by the same IFMultiplexer.

The input/output of the IF Multiplexer are:

Tx 1000 to 1150 MHz

Rx 650 to 800 MHzThe IF Multiplexer has 8 SMA port pairs (IN and OUT), each of which can beconnected to a single BU-BS. Two extension bus ports are provided for connecting theIF Multiplexer to a BU-BS for management purposes (intended for future use).


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2.3.4 RFU

T x Ch a in

R x Cha i n

Dua l Syn t hes i ze r

Diplexer

Diplexer

IF &

P o w e r

Fig. 2.9 RFU Functional Diagram

The RFU converts the IF to RF, amplifies the signal to its correct level and transmits itthrough the antenna. The RFU is mounted near the antenna, and is connected to it bymeans off a single LMR600 coaxial cable.

The RFU contains a diplexer, which allows a single cable to connect the BU to the RFUincluding Rx signals and Tx signals.

All RFUs are isolated from the indoor equipment and operate with the same BU and IF

Multiplexer. The RFU is connected to the indoor equipment with a single coaxial cable(LMR400).

The RFU has a radio transmitter with up to 27 dBm power and a radio receiver withsensitivity of -87 dBm (@ BER 10

-9). Radio transmissions are fully compliant with ETSI

TM4.


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2.3.5 Antenna

Fig. 2.10 Base Station Antenna

The antenna is a sector type. It covers an angular area at either 60oor 120

o. Several

sector antennas (3 or 6), each with its own RFU, may cover a whole circular area (cell).Antennas should be installed near the RFU (recommended distance: up to 1 m), on asuitable pole.

The following antennas can be installed at the base station side:

3.5-GHz Microstrip Antenna

120o,13 dBi, 40 x 20 x 5 cm

60o, 16 dBi, 40 x 20 x 5 cm

10.5-GHz Wave Guide Slot Array

120o,17 dBi, 75 x 20 x 15 cm

60o, 19 dBi, 75 x 20 x 15 cm


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3 Terminal Station

3.1 GeneralThe Terminal Station (TS) is located at the customer premises and is connected to theCustomer Premises Equipment (CPE).

The TS is comprised of two units, the BU-TS and the TS/RFU, interconnected by asingle LMR400 cable.

Fig. 3.1 Terminal Station Equipment

3.2 Terminal Station - ComponentsThe TS indoor unit can be conveniently mounted using one of the following mountingoptions:

Rack mounted (19" or ETSI racks) Wall mounted

Desktop

The indoor BU-TS features front panel connection points for easy access to allinterfaces.

The outdoor unit is a compact integrated RFU and antenna unit, which is easilymounted on the antenna pole.

The TS requires minimal local configuration via the LCI. Maintenance and configurationis performed via the base station.

A single coaxial cable connects the indoor mounted BU to the outdoor unit.

RFU and

Antenna

Basic Unit (BU)


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Fig. 3.2 shows a typical TS installation.

RFU + ANTENNA

TS

PC

Serial LCI

TELECOM INTERFACES

CABLE

Fig. 3.2 Terminal Station Installation - Typical Configuration

3.3 HardwareThe following functional diagram shows the basic TS components.

IF &Power

Telecom Interface card



FRAMER

IF

CPUINTEGRATED

RFU ANDANTENNA

TelecomInterface

TelecomInterface

TelecomInterface

LCI

MODEM

Fig. 3.3 Terminal Station (TS) - Functional Diagram


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3.3.1 Terminal Station Basic Unit (BU)

The Terminal Station Basic Unit (BU) is a modular device encased in a compact (1U)housing. The BUs main board has three sockets for the CPE interface daughterboards, for connection to a wide range of CPE (Multiplexer, NTU, router, PBX, etc.).Each slot can be equipped with a different type of interface. A BU can be installed withone, two or all three CPE interfaces. CPE interfaces include E1/G.703, ISDN-BRI,ISDN-PRI and Frame Relay. Daughter boards can be changed/added to support a"grow as you need" modularity.

The BU converts voice/data into IF signals, which are output to the RFU for upstreamtransmission to the Base Station.

3.3.1.1 Modem

The modem is implemented on the motherboard, which is identical on all BUs. The

interface cards and the IF module are implemented on daughter boards, and thereforeallow maximum flexibility.

The RF Modem features a high bit rate of 4.48 Mbps, a low BER of 10-9, a net payload

of 4.090 Mbps and a high spectral efficiency of 2.5 bit/sec/Hz. It implements 64QAMand Trellis coding.

An adaptive equalizer, integrated into the modem, supports NLOS and time variations.

3.3.1.2 Framer

The framer converts the E1 frames into air packets and is responsible for constructingthe airframe according to the air protocol. The framer multiplexes the traffic channels,control channel and overhead bits of the airframe into one bit stream. This bit stream is

modulated by the modem.

The framer supports the logic and procedures defined by the air protocol. A sophisti-cated interface between the framer and the main CPU is used provide the enhancedcapabilities of the air protocol.

3.3.1.3 IF Block

The IF module generates the IF signal and interfaces between the baseband receivedfrom the modem and the IF frequency signal output to the RFU. This block is alsoresponsible for supplying the DC power to the RFU. The IF and DC signals are carriedon the coaxial cable to the RFU.

3.3.1.4 CPUThe CPU block contains the CPU, data storage and software storage (FLASHmemory). Up to two software versions can reside simultaneously on the FLASH,allowing download of new software versions to the TS without service interruption.

The CPU block also contains software for handling the air protocol, the Local CraftInterface and the management protocol (for future use).


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3.3.1.5 BU-TS Interfaces

The BU-TS interfaces are located on both the front and rear panels of the unit. The

interfaces are listed in Fig. 3.4 and Fig. 3.5.

EXTINT

E1/P-ISDNTxRx

E1/P-ISDNTxRx

E1/P-ISDNRxTx RxTx RxTx

E1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDNE1/P-ISDN E1/P-ISDN

LCI

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

1 2 3

Fig. 3.4 BU-TS Front Panel

Note: Some of the BU front panels may have the following signs instead of Tx/Rx:

Tx (Output from the BU)

Rx (Input to the BU)

TSXXXXXInputVol:36-72VDCInputCurr: 3Amp

Fig. 3.5 BU-TS Rear Panel (48 VDC Power Option)

TSXXXXX

Input vol: 90-250 VDC

Input curr: 2 AFuse: 2A/250V Slow

Frequency: 47-63Hz

POWER

Fig. 3.6 BU- TS Rear Panel (220 VAC Power Option)


IF Ports a N-type Provides the interface to the RFU

CPE Ports

(1 to 3)

s RJ45 Each of these ports provides the interface to a2 Mbps channel

LCI d RS232 Provides an interface to a modem or PAD device

Power f 3-pin D-type for 48 VDCor

standard socket for

110/220 VAC mains

Provides 48 VDC or 110/220 VAC operating power to

the BU (depends on ordered configuration)

Tab. 3.1 Terminal Station BU Interfaces


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3.3.1.6 BU Powering

The BU-TS is powered by a 48 VDC source or the 110/220 VAC 50/60 Hz AC power

mains (depends on ordered configuration).

3.3.1.7 BU-TS LED Indications

The front panel of the BU-TS houses 2 LED indicators, listed in Tab. 3.2.

LED Description

EXT

(Outdoor)

Indicates the status of the outdoor equipment

(e.g., failure in the RFU or a lost connection with one of the TSs)

INT

(Indoor)

Indicates the status of the indoor equipment

(e.g., Loss of Signal on one of the E1s connected to the BU)

Tab. 3.2 Terminal Station BU LED Indications

3.3.2 CPE Interface LED

Each CPE Interface module has a single LED, which provides indications as to theoperation of the CPE channel. The color coding of the CPE Interface LED is describedin Section 3.3.2.1.

3.3.2.1 BU-TS LEDs Color Coding

Tab. 3.3 summarizes the various BU-TS LED states

LED State LED

Internal External CPE Interface

Blinking RED Disable Major Disable

RED Major Major Major

Blinking Yellow Loopback Loopback Loopback

Yellow Minor Minor Minor

Blinking Green Software Download

Green OK OK OK

Tab. 3.3 Terminal Station BU LEDs Color Coding


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3.4 RFU and Antenna

Fig. 3.7 RFU-TS and Integrated Antenna

The RFU converts the IF to RF, amplifies the signal to its correct level and transmits itthrough the antenna. The antenna is integrated into the cover of the RFU.

The integrated RFU-antenna features simple installation, with a single coaxial cableconnecting it to the indoor BU-TS. The integrated RFU-antenna also featuresadjustable tilt and elevation.

The RFU has a radio transmitter with up to 15 dBm power and a radio receiver withsensitivity of -87 dBm (@ BER 10

-9). The transmissions of the radio unit fully comply

with ETSI TM4.

RFU 3.5-GHz Planar Microstrip Antenna, 18

o

,

18 dBi, 25 x 25 x 8 cm. RFU 10.5-GHz Planar Microstrip Antenna, 8

o,25 dBi, 25 x 25 x 8 cm.


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4 Air Protocol

4.1 GeneralWALKair implements a proprietary air protocol for communication between the basestation and terminal stations. The air protocol is based on a TDMA/ FDMA/FDDscheme, which is illustrated in Fig. 4.1.

FDMA

TDMA

60 x 64 Kb/s

Real Time

Dynamic Allocation

TS 1

TS 16

PSTN / ISDN

Frame Relay/ATM

Frame RelayEthernet

ISDN

ATM

Leased Line

Carrier # 1

1.75 MHz

Carrier # 16

1.75 MHz

Carrier #n1.75 MHz

Base Station

TS n

Terminal Stations

1-16 x carriers1-16 x TS per carrier

TDMA

Fig. 4.1 WALKair Access Method Scheme

Each Base Station BU transmits and receives on one FDMA carrier. The entire avail-able frequency band is divided into radio channels of 1.75 MHz, and each is assignedto a BU-BS. FDMA is characterized by continuous access to the carrier in a given fre-quency band. No synchronization is required among BUs, and each BU can use itsown band without interference. The FDMA implementation is illustrated in Fig. 4.2 .

Base Station (BS)Sector

RFU

Antenna

Tx, Rx, DC

IF MUX

BU #3

BU #2

BU #1

BU #16

...

Up to 16BUs(16carriers)

f1 (1.75 MHz)

f2 (1.75 MHz)

f3 (1.75 MHz)

fn (1.75 MHz)

Up to 16 x 1.75 MHzcarriers

Fig. 4.2 WALKair FDMA


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Using TDMA, each BU handles the traffic of several remote Terminal Stations (typically2-10, maximum 16) shared at a radio bandwidth of 1.75 MHz. In TDMA, the time isdivided into time slots. Each time slot is pre-assigned to a Terminal Station (TS).During the assigned time slot, each TS is allowed to transmit freely. The time slotassignments are periodic, and each period is called a cycle or frame. A TS could beassigned to several time slots during a cycle. The TSs are synchronized on the basestation clock so that each one knows exactly when to transmit. The TDMA implemen-tation is illustrated in Fig. 4.3.

Base Station (BS)

Sector

TS1.

.

.

RFU +

Antenna

RFU

Antenna

Tx,Rx,DC

IF MUX

BU

BU #1

RFU +

Antenna

BU

Range = 300 m - 10 km

.

.

.

TDMA1 - 16 TS

TS16

Terminal Stations (TS)

One BS-BU supports up to

16 TS using TDMA

f1 - Single Carrier

Fig. 4.3 WALKair TDMA

With FDD (Frequency Duplexing Division), different frequencies are used for upstream(towards the Base Station) and downstream (towards the TS) allowing full duplexcommunications.

The air protocol supports access for a maximum of 16 Terminal Stations with maximumcombined traffic of 64 x 64 Kb/s data/voice channels in addition to 128 Kbps forsignaling.

The air access protocol includes the downstream air access protocol (BS TSs) andto the upstream air access protocol (TSs BS). The downstream air access protocolis built from one continuous transmission (broadcast) and has the capability ofproviding accurate timing and control to the TSs. The upstream air access protocol is

built from transmission bursts of the TSs (TDMA).

4.2 Air Protocol Allocation MechanismThe air protocol provides fixed allocation, which allows for transparent voice, data andsignaling over a bandwidth pre-allocated by the manager. Fixed allocation can varyfrom 64 Kbps up to 2 x E1, in 64 Kbps granularity. The allocation is symmetric in boththe uplink (from TS to BS) and downlink (from BS to TS) traffic directions. Bandwidthcan be allocated using LCI, during the commissioning phase. Changes in the allocatedbandwidth can be made at any time using the LCI.


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A50010-Z3-C100-1-7618 25

5 Management, Operation and Maintenance

5.1 GeneralThis section describes WALKair system management capabilities.

5.2 LCI TerminalThe LCI terminal is used for installing, provisioning and maintaining network elements.It is connected to BU-BSs and BU-TSs via the LCI port RS232 interface. All LCIsoftware resides in the BU. The LCI terminal must have a VT100 emulation software(e.g., Procomm, ProWin, PCPlus). The LCI terminal can also be used to manage the

Terminal Stations associated with the Base Station using the air link.Using the LCI terminal, the operator can obtain information regarding the current activeservices and regarding the resources (telecom and air links) that are being utilized bythe network elements. The information presented is at all time accurate and updated.

The LCI terminal is used to configure all network elements: Base Station elements andthe associated Terminal Stations. The BU-BSs and BU-TSs each store their currentconfiguration (hardware/software installation data, configuration data, operatingparameters, subscriber data) internally. The operator can always retrieve specific up-to-date information about the configuration of the system and the individual NEs via theoperator PC.

The operator can define parameters for each service provided by the WALKair system.The defined service can be attached to a specific port at the terminal station and at the

base station. Using the LCI terminal, the operator can define and/or retrieve thefollowing:

Physical installation data

New services

BU-BSs and BU-TSs, and individual ports connected to the elements

Current active alarms.

5.3 Management FeaturesThe following lists the management features provided by the LCI, by topic.

5.3.1 Configuration

The LCI terminal allows the user to configure:

Network elements

Radio parameters for establishing a link

Administrative parameters such as serial numbers, clock source, status

Service parameters such as allocation of the required distance between the BU-BSport and the TS port.


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5.3.2 Maintenance

The LCI terminal allows the user to:

Configure obtain status and provisioning information regarding a network element

Perform system testing functions such as loopback tests on the telecom interfaces

Obtain data regarding the current active alarms and errors

Obtain version control information.


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6 Specifications

General Specifications

Radio access method Multiple carrier TDMA / FDD

Supported distance 10 km

Spectral efficiency 2.5 bit/sec/Hz

Flexible bandwidth persingle user

64 Kbps to 2 x 2 Mbps*)

*) It is possible to double the capacity per user byusing 2 Terminal Stations with IF-MUX and singleoutdoor unit

System capacity per onebase station

65 Mbps @ 14 MHz, Single polarity*)

130 Mbps @ 28 MHz, Single polarity*)

*) It is possible, based on special requirement, todouble the bandwidth per cell by applying differentpolarization to adjacent sector antenna within thesame base station

Number of terminal stationsper one Base Station

up to 256 (depending on allocated bandwidth)

Modulation & codingtechnique

64QAM @ convolutional coding, rate 2/3


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Terminal Station Specifications

3.5 GHz

Frequency band Transmit: A: 3.40 to 3.44 GHzB: 3.43 to 3.47 GHzC: 3.46 to 3.50 GHz

Receive: A: 3.50 to 3.54 GHzB: 3.53 to 3.57 GHzC: 3.56 to 3.60 GHz

Output power 18 dBm

Antenna size 25 x 25 cm

Antenna beamwidth 18overtical and horizontal

Antenna gain 18 dBi

Standard compliance ETSI TM4 (ETS 301 021)

RF bandwidth 1.75 MHz

Receiver sensitivity -87 dBm (@ BER 10-9)

10.5 GHz

Frequency band Transmit: 10.50 to 10.65 GHzReceive: 10.15 to 10.30 GHz

Output power 15 dBm

Antenna size 25 x 25 cm

Antenna beamwidth 8overtical and horizontal

Antenna gain 25 dBi

Standard compliance ETSI TM4 (ETS 301 021)

RF bandwidth 1.75 MHz


Interfaces

Indoor Unit allows for up to3 telecom ports with thefollowing interfaces

E1/G.703

Services

Indoor Unit allows for up to3 telecom ports with thefollowing services

Leased Line (E1 or fractional E1)


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Dimensions

Indoor 44 cm (19) Width, 4.4 cm (1U) Height, 23 cm Depth,

Weight: 3 kg.Either rack mount, wall mount or desktop.

Outdoor 25 x 25 x 8 cm, including the antenna. Weight: 4 kg.Either pole mount or wall mount.

A single Coaxial cable connects the indoor to outdoordevice, (maximum distance depends on cable type, e.g.,and for LMR400 distances can be up to 150 m).

Power

Power consumption: 40 W

Power supply*): 48 VDC

or110/220 VAC 50/60 Hz

*) Power is supplied, from an external power supply, to theindoor device only

Environmental

Indoor device -5oC to +45

oC

(complies with ETS 300-019, class 3.2E standard)

Outdoor device -45oC to +55

oC

(complies with ETS 300-019, class 4.1E)


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Base Station Specifications

3.5 GHz

Frequency band Transmit: A: 3.40 to 3.44 GHzB: 3.43 to 3.47 GHzC: 3.46 to 3.50 GHz

Receive: A: 3.50 to 3.54 GHzB: 3.53 to 3.57 GHzC: 3.56 to 3.60 GHz

Output power up to 27 dBm

Antenna size Sector antenna of 120oor 60

oper sector

Antenna beamwidth 40 x 20 x 5 cm

Antenna gain 13 dBi (120o) or 16 dBi (60

o)

Standard compliance ETSI TM4

RF bandwidth Multiple 1.75 MHz(max. no. depends on allocated spectrum)


10.5 GHz

Frequency band Transmit: 10.15 to 10.30 GHzReceive: 10.50 to 10.65 GHz

Output power up to 27 dBm

Antenna size Sector antenna of 120oor 60

oper sector

Antenna beamwidth 75 x 20 x 15 cmAntenna gain 17 dBi (120

o) or 19 dBi (60

o)

Standard compliance ETSI TM4

RF bandwidth Multiple 1.75 MHz(max. no. depends on allocated spectrum)


Interfaces

Indoor Unit allows for up to3 telecom ports with thefollowing interfaces

E1/G.703

Services

Indoor Unit allows for up to3 telecom ports with thefollowing services

Leased Line (E1 or fractional E1)


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Dimensions

Indoor One or more stackable 44 cm (19) Width,

4.4 cm (1U) Height, 23 cm Depth and 3 kg Weight units.These are rack mount devices.

Outdoor 36 x 15 x 24 cm, not including the antenna. Weight: 9.5 kg.Pole mount device.

A single coaxial cable connects the indoor to outdoor device,(maximum distance depends on cable type, e.g., for LMR400distances can be up to 150 m)

Power

Power consumption for a single stackable unit: 40 W.

Power supply*): 48 VDC

*) Power is supplied, from an external power supply, to theindoor device only

Environmental

Indoor device -5oC to +45

oC

(complies with ETS 300-019, class 3.2E standard)

Outdoor device -45oC to +55

oC

(complies with ETS 300-019, class 4.1E)


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7 Abbreviations

AC Alternating Current

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BER Bit Error Rate

BRI Basic Rate Interface

BS Base Station

BU Base Station Basic Unit

BU Basic Unit

CPE Customer Premises Equipment

CPU Central Processing UnitCRC Cyclic Redundant Check

DC Direct Current

DLC Data Link Control

EOC Embedded Operation Channel

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FDD Frequency Duplexing Division

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

GHz Giga Hertz

IF Intermediate Frequency

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ITU-T International Telecommunications UnionTelecommunications Standardization Sector

LAN Local Area Network

LCI Local Craft Interface

LLC Logical Link Control

LOS Loss of Signal

MAC Media Access Control

Mbps Mega Bits per Second

MHz Mega Hertz

PABX Private Branch Exchange

PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler

PC Personal Computer

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PM Performance Monitoring

PMP Point-to-Multi-Point

PRI Primary Rate Interface

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation


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RAM Random Access Memory

RF Radio Frequency

RFU Radio Frequency Unit

SME Small/Medium Enterprise

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TS Terminal Station

BU-TS Terminal Station Basic Unit

VAC Volts Alternating Current

VDC Volts Direct Current

WLL Wireless Local Loop


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Walkair TED

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Transcript of Walkair TED