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CURRICULUM VITAE William A. Knaus, M.D., FACP Office Address : Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717 E-mail : [email protected] Home Address : 1929 Lewis Mountain Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903 Birthdate : August 13, 1946 Birthplace : Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania SSN: 178-36-6870 Education, Training, and Academic Positions Held B.S., Widener University, May, 1968 M.D., West Virginia University School of Medicine, May, 1972 Intern, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1972-1973 Assistant Resident in Medicine, The George Washington University, 1974- 1975 Clinical Scholars Program, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The George Washington University, 1975-1978 Clinical Instructor, Health Care Sciences, The George Washington University, School of Medicine, 1975-1977 Fellow, Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1977-1978 Director, ICU Research Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1978-1995 Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Clinical Engineering; Co- Director, Intensive Care Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1978-1981 Associate Professor, Anesthesiology and Computer Medicine; Co-Director, Intensive Care Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1981-1987 Professeur agrege, Universite Paris-Val-de-Marne, Hopital Henri Mondor, 1984 Professor, Anesthesiology and Computer Medicine; Co-Director, Intensive Care Unit,

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Transcript of wak120407.doc

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CURRICULUM VITAE

William A. Knaus, M.D., FACP

Office Address: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717

E-mail: [email protected] Address: 1929 Lewis Mountain Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903Birthdate: August 13, 1946Birthplace:Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaSSN: 178-36-6870

Education, Training, and Academic Positions Held B.S., Widener University, May, 1968M.D., West Virginia University School of Medicine, May, 1972Intern, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1972-1973Assistant Resident in Medicine, The George Washington University, 1974-1975Clinical Scholars Program, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The George Wash-ington University, 1975-1978Clinical Instructor, Health Care Sciences, The George Washington University, School of Medicine, 1975-1977Fellow, Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1977-1978Director, ICU Research Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1978-1995Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Clinical Engineering; Co-Director, Intensive Care Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1978-1981Associate Professor, Anesthesiology and Computer Medicine; Co-Director, Intensive Care Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1981-1987Professeur agrege, Universite Paris-Val-de-Marne, Hopital Henri Mondor, 1984Professor, Anesthesiology and Computer Medicine; Co-Director, Intensive Care Unit, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1987-1995Evelyn Troup Hobson Professor and Founding Chair, Department of Health Evaluation Sciences (named changed in 2005 to Public Health Sciences) Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1996-presentUniversity of Virginia Cancer Center Clinical Advisory Council 2002-presentStrategic Planning Commission University of Virginia 2007

Other Positions Foreign Service Medical Officer, U.S. Information Agency, assigned to the U.S.S.R., 1973-1974

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Professional Staff Member, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, DHEW, 1975-1976Executive Committee, U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Exchange, 1976-1978Consultant, National Council for International Health, 1975-1977Consultant, The Cleveland Foundation, 1981Consultant, National Geographic Society, 1983Board of Trustees, Widener University, 1982-1986Panel Member, Life Sustaining Technologies and the Elderly, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1985-1986Editorial Board, Reanimation Soins Intensifs Medecine D'urgence, Paris, 1984-1990Editorial Board, Intensive Care World, 1985-1990Editorial Board, Theoretical Surgery, 1987-1990Advisory Board, Intensive Care Medicine, 1991-1995National Advisory Committee, Clinical Nurse Scholar Program, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1988-1990Director, Program on the Care of Critically Ill Hospitalized Adults, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1987-1997Founder & Chief Scientific Advisor , APACHE Medical Systems, Inc. 1988-2000Board of Directors (1994-2000) and President and CEO (July-December 2000), APACHE Medical Systems, Inc.

Honors Alpha Omega Alpha, 1971Outstanding Alumnus Award, Widener University, 1981Fellowship in American College of Physicians, 1982Alumni Address, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program Annual Meeting, 1983Distinguished Alumnus, West Virginia University, 1988Henry B. Christian Memorial Award, 1990Sir Jules Thorn Memorial Lecturer, Royal College of Physicians United Kingdom, 1991Distinguished Research Award, The George Washington University Medical Center, 1993Doctor of Science Honorary Degree, Widener University, 1994First Annual Health Care Research Award, The National Institute for HealthCare Management, 1994 William A. Altemeir Lectureship Surgical Infection Society, 1995 Fellowship in Royal Australasian College of Physicians, 1999Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2000Distinguished Investigator Award, American College of Critical Care Medicine 2004General Electric Healthcare-AACN Pioneering Spirit Award 2006

Professional Organizations American College of PhysiciansAmerican Federation for Clinical ResearchAssociation for the Advancement of ScienceSociety for Medical Decision MakingSociety of Critical Care MedicineAmerican Thoracic Society

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Certification National Board of Medical Examiners, Diplomate, No. 125873American Board of Internal Medicine, Diplomate, No. 59132

Scientific Bibliography

1. Echinococcus cysts of the liver--observations and reflections based on a medical student's summer in Turkey, 1971. Clin Pediatr 1973; 12:128-130.

2. Reassurances about Russian giardiasis. N Engl J Med 1974; 201:156. 3. Analysis of a medical internship. J Med Educ 1975; 50:1033-1037. 4. Implementation versus experimentation: the federal financing question in

PSRO. Proceedings of the Boston University Conference, Quality Assurance in Hospitals. November 21-22, 1975. Aspen System Press, 1976.

5. Soviet medicine: how it compares with U.S. standards. PRISM 1975; 3:23-61. 6. Physician fee patterns under Medicare: a descriptive analysis. N Engl J Med

1976; 294:1089-1093. 7. Impact of new technology: the CT scanner. Med Care 1977; 15:533-542. 8. CT: halfway is no place to stop (editorial). Arch Intern Med 1978; 138:531-

532. 9. Utilization and cost-effectiveness of cranial computed tomography at a uni-

versity hospital. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1978; 2:209-214.10. Cost-effectiveness of intensive care unit. Current Reviews in Respiratory

Therapy 1979; 2(4):27-31.11. The handbook of critical care medicine (book review). Ann Intern Med 1980;

92:278-279.12. CT for headache: cost/benefit for subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR 1980;

1:567-572.13. Neurosurgical admissions to the intensive care unit: intensive monitoring

versus intensive therapy. Neurosurgery 1981; 8:438-442.14. APACHE--acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically

based classification system. Crit Care Med 1981; 9:591-597.15. The range of intensive care services today. JAMA 1981; 246:2711-2716.16. The use of intensive care: a comparison of a university and community hos-

pital. Health Care Financ Rev 1981; 3(2):49-64.17. Intensive care units today. In McNeil BJ, Cravalho EG (eds): Critical Issues in

Medical Technology. Boston: Auburn House, 1982; pp. 193-215.18. Severity of illness and the relationship between intensive care and survival.

Am J Public Health 1982; 72:449-454.19. Russian physicians in an era of reform and revolution, 1856-1905 (book re-

view). N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1433.20. Evaluating outcome from intensive care: a preliminary multihospital com-

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646.

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22. Changing the cause of death (editorial). JAMA 1983; 249:1059-1060.23. Identification of low-risk monitor patients within a medical-surgical intensive

care unit. Med Care 1983; 21:425-434.24. Toward quality review in intensive care: the APACHE system. Qual Rev Bull

1983; 9:196-204.25. Claude Bernard fut-il l'inventeur de l'indice de gravite? La Presse Medi cale

1983; 12:1755-1756. Editorial.26. Statistical validation of a severity of illness measure. Am J Public Health 1983;

73:878-884.27. The hidden costs of treating severely ill patients: charges and resource

consumption in an intensive care unit. Health Care Financ Rev 1983; 5(1):81-86.

28. The use of intensive care: new research initiatives and their implications for national health policy. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1983; 61:561-583.

29. Evaluating medical-surgical intensive care. In Parrillo JE, Ayres S (eds): Major Issues in Critical Care Medicine. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984; pp. 35-46.

30. The value of measuring severity of disease in clinical research on acutely ill patients. J Chronic Dis 1984; 37:455-463.

31. Initial international use of APACHE--an acute severity of disease measure. Med Decis Making 1984; 4(3):297-313.

32. Valeur pronostique des pertubations du milieu interieur. Reanimation Soins Intensifs Medecine D'Urgence 1985; 1:43-45.

33. Relationship between acute physiologic derangement and risk of death. J Chronic Dis 1985; 28:295-300.

34. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13(10):818-829.

35. Prediction of outcome from intensive care. In Clinics in Anaesthesiology 1985; 3(4):811-829.

36. Hypoxemia in acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 1985; 88(6):829-836.37. Prognosis in acute organ system failure. Ann Surg 1985; 202(6):685-692.38. Medical care and medical technology: the need for new understanding. In

Ginzberg E (ed): The U.S. Health Care System: A Look to the 1990's. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1985; pp. 70-88.

39. The use and implications of do not resuscitate orders in intensive care units. JAMA 1986; 255(3):351-356.

40. Rationing, justice, and the American physician. JAMA 1986; 255(9):1176-1177. Editorial.

41. An evaluation of outcome from intensive care in major medical centers. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104(3):410-418.

42. Physiologic abnormalities and outcome from acute disease. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146:1389-1396.

43. The case for adjusting hospital death rates for severity of illness. Health Affairs 1986; 5(2):148-153.

44. The science of prognosis and the world of intensive care. Intens Crit Care Dig 1986; 5(1):1-3.

45. The economics of intensive care units. In Benesch K, Abramson NS, Grenvik A, Meisel A (eds): Medicolegal Aspects of Critical Care. Rockville, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1986; pp. 87-107.

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46. Prediction of outcome. MEDICINE Intl 1987; 2:1605-1608.47. Too sick and old for intensive care. Br J Hosp Med 1987; 37(5):381. Editorial.48. Identification of low-risk monitor admissions to medical-surgical ICUs. Chest

1987; 92(3):423-428.49. Prediction of outcome from critical illness. In Ledingham IMcA (ed): Recent

Advances in Critical Care Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.50. Patient selection for intensive care: a comparison of New Zealand and U.S.

hospitals. Crit Care Med 1988; 16:318-326.51. Outcome prediction in adult intensive care. In Shoemaker WC, et al (eds):

Society of Critical Care Medicine Textbook of Critical Care 1988; 162:1447-1465.

52. The science of prediction and its implications for quality assessment in intensive care. In Perspective on Quality In American Health Care (E.F.X. Hughes, ED.) McGraw-Hill, Washington, D. C. 1988; 85-104.

53. The Science of prediction and its implication for the clinician today. Theor Surg 1988; 3:93-101.

54. Prognosis with mechanical ventilation: The influence of disease severity of disease, age, and chronic health status on survival from acute illness. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140:S8-S13.

55. Interhospital comparisons of patient outcome from intensive care: The importance of lead-time bias. Crit Care Med 1989; 17(5):418-422.

56. Multi-system organ failure (MSOF): Outcome and clinical implications. In ASA Refresher Course Lecturer: Vol 17 1989; 7:83-94.

57. Predicting the need for intensive care (editorial). J Crit Care 1989; 4(2):75-77.

58. Criteria for Admission to Intensive Care Units. In Brookings Dialogues on Public Policy: Rationing of medical care for the critically ill. Strosberg MA, Fein IA, Carroll JD (eds.). The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C. 1986; 44-51.

59. Predicting and Evaluating Patient Outcome from Intensive Care: A Guide to APACHE, MPM, SAPS, PRISM, and Other Prognostic Scoring Systems. J of Intensive Care Med 1990; 5:33-52.

60. Multiple Systems Organ Failure: Epidemiology and Prognosis. Critical Care Clinics 1989; 5(2):221-232.

61. Prognostic Factors in the Intensive Care Unit with Special Emphasis on Acute Respiratory Failure in Update on ARDS. Zapol ed., M. Dekkar, New York 1990; 6:1-14.

62. APACHE - A Prognostic Scoring Systems and In Support of Prognostic Scoring System in Scoring Systems in the ICU Vol 3, No. 4. Farmer eds., Lippincott, Philadelphia 1989; 5:562-577.

63. The APACHE III Study Design: Analytic Plan for Evaluation of Severity and Outcome. Zimmerman JE (ed.) Crit Care Med (Supplement) 1989; 17(12):S169-S221.

64. The Changing Challenges of Critical Care (editorial). Intensive Care Med 1989; 15:415-416.

65. Outcome Prediction in Critical Care Medicine: The Role of Probability Estimates in Clinical Decision Making and Resourse Allocation. In Critical Care: State of the Art, Volume 11 1990; 16:347-365.

66. Prognosis for Multiple Organ System Failure: The Accurary of Objective Estimates for Survival. Med Decis Making 1990; 10:155-162.

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67. Do Objective Estimates for Survival Influence Decisions to Withhold or Withdraw Treatment? Med Decis Making 1990; 10:163-171.

68. Application of Prognostic Scoring in Adult Intensive Care. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 1990; 3:241-244.

69. Proposed Definitions for Diagnosis, Severity Scoring, Stratification, and Outcome for Trials on Intraabdominal Infection. World J. Surg. 1990; 14:148-158.

70. Interpretation of Hospital Mortality Rates: The Current State of the Art. Mayo Clinic Proceedings (editorial) 1990; 65:1627-1629

71. Prognostic Factors in the Intensive Care Unit with Special Emphasis on Acute Respiratory Failure. In Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Zapol WM, Lemaire F (eds.), M. Dekker, Inc., New York 1991; 6:91-103.

72. Predicting Outcome in Critical Care: The Current Status of the APACHE Prognostic Scoring System. Can J. Anaesth 1991; 38:374-383.

73. APACHE III Study: A Summary. Intensive Care World 1991; 8(1):35-38.74. Predicting Outcome in Critical Care: The Current Status of the APACHE

Prognostic Scoring System. Can J. Anaesth 1991; 38:374-383.75. Short-Term Mortality Predictions for Critically Ill Hospitalized Adults: Science

and Ethics. Science 1991; 254:389-394.76. Severity Scoring and Prediction of Patient Outcome. In Care of the Critically Ill

Patient, 2nd Edition. Jack Tinker and Warren M. Zapol (eds), Springer-Verlag 1991; 76:1275-1287.

77. The APACHE III Prognostic System: Risk Prediction of Hospital Mortality for Critically Ill Hospitalized Adults. Chest 1991; 100:1619-1636.

78. The Role of Outcome Prediction in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care: Implications for Research and Patient Care. J Drug Dev. 1991; 4(Suppl 3):10-18.

79. Reliability of a Measure of Severity of Illness: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. J. Clin Epidemol. 1992; 45:93-101.

80. Evaluation of Definitions for Sepsis. Chest 1992; 101:1656-1662.81. Continuously Improving Patient Care: Practical Lessons and an Assessment

Tool from the National ICU Study. Quality Rev Bull 1992; 18:150-155.82. ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference. Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure

and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis. Chest 1992; 101:1644-1655.

83. An Initial Comparison of Intensive Care in Japan and the United States. Crit Care Med 1992; 20:1207-1215.

84. Variations in hospital mortality and length of stay from intensive care Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:753-61.

85. Glasgow coma scale score in the evaluation of outcome in the intensive care unit: Findings from the APACHE III study. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:1459-1465.

86. Outcome Prediction in Intensive Care. In Intensive Care Rounds. The Medicine Group (Education) Ltd., eds, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK, 1993; 1-20.

87. Commentary on: APACHE II - A prognostic scoring system for seriously ill hospital patients. In Current Contents. Citation Classics . Institute for Scientific Information, eds, Phila, PA., 1993; 21:10.

88. The value and cost of teaching hospitals: A comparison of intensive care units. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:1432-1442.

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89. Improving ICU: observations based on organizational case studies in nine intensive care units. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:1443-1451.

90. The clinical evaluation of new drugs for sepsis: A prospective study design based on survival analysis. JAMA 1993; 270:1233-1241.

91. Do-not-resuscitate orders in intensive care units: Current practices and recent changes. JAMA 1993; 270:2213-2217.

92. Organ system dyfunction and risk prediction [Editorial]. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:127-128.

93. Predicting outcome from mechanical ventilation [Editorial]. West. J Med. 1993; 700-702.

94. Intensive care at two teaching hospitals: An organizational case study. Am J Crit Care 1994; 3:129-183.

95. The case for using objective scoring systems to predict intensive care unit outcome. In Critical Care Clinics 1994; 10(1):73-89.

96. The value of commerical funding in health services research: The case of the APACHE III methodology. Health Services Research 1994; 28(6):673-678.

97. What determines prognosis in sepsis? Evidence for a comprehensive individual patient risk assessment approach to the design and analysis of clinical trials. In Sepsis: Current Perspectives in Pathophysiology and Therapy. Reinhard K, Eyrich K, Sprung C. (eds); Springer-Verlag 1994; I.(18):23-37.

98. What determines prognosis in sepsis? Evidence for a comprehensive individual patient risk assessment approach to the design and analysis of clinical trials. Theor Surg 1994; 9:20-27.

99. Evaluation of Definitions of Sepsis [communications to the editor]. Chest 1994; 105:970-971.

100. The performance of intensive care units: Does good management make a difference? Med Care 1994; 32:508-525. (Awarded the 1st Annual Health Care Research Award from the National Institute for HealthCare Management.)

101. Why measure severity? Réanimation Urgences 1994; 3:159-163.102. Do formal advance directives affect resuscitation decisions and the use of

resources for seriously ill patients. J Clin Ethics 1994; 5:23-30.103. Comment on: Why Severity Models should be used with caution. Crit Care Clin

1994; 10:93-110.104. Evaluation of Definitions for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir

Crit Care Med 1994; 150:311-317.105. Assessing Patient Outcomes as an Indicator of Quality of Care. In: Pathways in

Critical Care Clinical Communications, Inc. Greenwich, CT, 1994; 1:5-9.106. Daily Prognostic Estimates for Critically Ill Adults in Intensive Care Units:

Results from a Prospective, Multicenter, Inception Cohort Analysis. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1359-1372.

107. Improving Intensive Care Unit Discharge Decisions: Supplementing Physician Judgment with predictions of Next Day risk for Life Support. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1373-1384.

108. Measuring the Glasgow Coma Scale in the Intensive Care Unit: Potentials and Pitfalls [editorial]. Intensive Care World 1994; 11:102-103.

109. Prognosis-Based Futility Guidelines: Does Anyone Win? J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42:1202-1207.

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110. The SUPPORT prognostic model: Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill hospitalized adults. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:191-203.

111. Predicting Future Functional Status for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Adults: The SUPPORT Prognostic Model. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:342-350.

112. Quality assessment and assurance in the intensive care unit. In: The High Risk Patient: Management of the Critically Ill. Sivak ED, Higgins TL, Seiver A. (eds). Williams & Wilkins 1995; 10:1576-1586.

113. African-American and White intensive care units admissions: Is there a difference in therapy and outcome?Crit Care Med 1995; 23:626-636.

114. Preferences for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Physician-Patient Agreement and Hospital Resource Use. J Gen Intern Med 1995; 10:179-186.

115. Risk assessment in recent clinical trials in sepsis/SIRS: Lessons learned and future directions. J Endotoxin Res 1995; 2:169-175.

116. The use of APACHE III to evaluate ICU length of stay, resource use, and mortality after coronary artery by-pass surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 36:1-11.

117. The expanding role of ICU medical directors: From patient management to unit management. Quality of Management in Health Care 1995; 3(4):31-36.

Scientific Bibliography continued 118. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients

(SUPPORT). JAMA 1995; 247:1591-1598.119. Use of predicted risk of mortality to evaluate the efficacy of anticytokine

therapy in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:46-56.120. Planning patient services for intermediate care units:insights based on care

for iintensive care unit low risk monitor admissions. Crit. Care Medicine. 1996 24(10):1626-32.

121. International comparisons of intensive care:meeting the challenges of different worlds of intensive care. Intensive Care Medicine. 1996. 22(2):156-7.

122. The importance of technology for achieving superior outcomes from intensive care. Brazil APACHE III Study Group. Intensive Care Medicine. 1996. 22(7):664-9.

123. Application of the APACHE III prognostic system in Brazilian intensive care units: a prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Medicine. 1996 22(6):564-70.

124. The ongoing mystery of ARDS. Intensive Care Medicine. 1996. 22 (6)517-8.125. Outcome of mechanical ventilation for adults with hematologic malignancy.

Journal of Investigative Medicine. 1996. 44(5):254-60.126. Does selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduce mortality for

severely ill patients? 1996. Crit Care Med. 24(5) 753-5.127. Factors associated with do-not –resuscitate orders: patients’ preferences,

prognoses, and physicians’ judgments. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1996.125(4):284-93.

128. Severity stratification and outcome prediction for multisystem organ failure and dysfunction. World Journal of Surgery.1996.20(4):401-5.

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129. Use of predicted risk of mortality to evaluate the efficacy of anticytokine therapy in sepsis. The rhIL-1ra Phase II Sepsis Syndrome Study Group. 1996 Crit. Care Med. 1996 24(1):46-56.

130. Intensive care unit admissions with cirrhosis: Risk-stratifying patient groups and predicting individual survival. Hepatology 1996; 23:1993-1401.

131. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996; 276:889-897.

132. A comparison of risks and outcomes for patients with organ system failure: 1982-1990. Crit Care Med. 1996; 24:1633-1641.

133. The use of severity scoring in clinical investigations of seriously ill patients. In Recent Advances in Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 4. Evans TW, Hinds CJ, eds . Churchill Livingstone 1996; 9:191-212.

134. Variations in the use of do-not-resuscitate orders in ICUS. Findings from a national study Chest 1996; 110:1332-9.

135. Predicting the duration of mechanical ventilation: the importance of disease and patient characteristics. Chest 1996; 110:469-79.

136. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996; 276:889-97.

137. Treatment of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis with a novel bradykinin antagonist deltibant (CP-0127). JAMA.. 1997. 277(6):482-7.

138. Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe obstructive lung disease. AmJ Respir Crit Care. 1997 155(1) 386

139. Evaluating laboratory usage in the intensive care unit: Patient and institutional characteristics that influence frequency of blood sampling. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:737-48.

140. Use of severity of illness scoring systems. In Current Therapy in Critical Care Medicine, 3 rd edition . Parrillo JE, ed. Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1997; 397-405.

141. Do advance directives provide instructions that direct care? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.45(4) 508-12.

142. The illusion of end-of-life resource savings with advance directives. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1997.45(4):513-8.

143. Advance Directives for seriously ill hospitalized patients:effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT intervention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1997. 45(4):500-7

144. ICU Admission score for predicting morbidity and mortality risk after coronary artery bypass grafting. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1997 64(4):1050-80

145. Antibiotic resistance – what can we do? Commentary. Nature Medicine 1998; 4(5):1-2146. Neurological intensive care admissions: identifying candidates for intermediate

care and the services they receive. Neurosurgery 1998;42:91-102. Evaluation of APACHE III predictions of hospital mortality in an independent data base. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1317-1326.

147. The APACHE II prognostic system: customized mortality predictions for Spanish ICU patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1998;24:574-81.

148. Influence of patient preferences and local health system characteristics on the place of death: SUPPORT Investigators. J. Am Geriatics Soc. 1998; 46:1242:50.

149. Outcomes of acute exacerbation of severe congestive heart failure: quality of life, resource use, and survival. SUPPORT Investigators. The Study to

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Understand Prognosis and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Arch Intern Med. 1998 May 25;158(10):1081-9.

150. Older age, aggressiveness of care and survival for seriously ill hospitalized adults. Ann Internal Med. November 1999.

151. A predictive risk model for outcomes of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2000; 31:448-455.

152. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in seriously ill hospitalized adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 May;48(5 Suppl):S61-9.

153. Prediction of survival for older hospitalized patients: the HELP survival model. Hospitalized Elderly Longitudinal Project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 May;48(5 Suppl):S16-24.

154. Withholding versus withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: patient factors and documentation associated with dialysis decisions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 May;48(5 Suppl):S75-83.

155. Initial development of a system-wide maternal-fetal outcomes assessment program. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Aug;183(2):291-300.

156. Intensive care unit length of stay:recent changes and future challenges. 2000. Critical Care Medicine 28(10)3465-73.

157. Antibiotics for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (editorial). Lancet 2001 December 358;2031

158. Use of best design practices for a family health history web site: Needs assessment, rapid prototyping, and a focus on the user interface. Journal American Medical Informatics 2002;9(4) 320-330

159. APACHE 1978 – 2001: The development of a quality assurance system based on prognosis: Milestones and personal reflections. Arch. Surgery 2002 January; 137(1):37-41

160. Quantifying risk in sepsis: A review of illness severity and organ dysfunction scoring. in The Sepsis Text.edited by J.L.Vincent,J. Carlet ,S.M.Opal Kluwer Publishers Norwell Massachusetts 2002

161. Introducing an academic data warehouse into the undergraduate medical curriculum. Proceedings / AMIA . Annual Symposium, 2002: p. 474-8.

162. Design approach for a database system integrating and interpreting demographic, clinical and biological data. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2002 71(4)375

163. A user-centered model for web site design:needs assessment, user interface design,and rapid prototyping. 2002 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 9(4):320-30

164. Open Source Microarray Database and Analysis Software for Biomedical research Labs. 2004 BioTechniques 36(4) pp.634-64

165. GeneX Va: VBC open source microarray database and analysis software. Biotechniques 2004 36(4):634-8

166. Outcomes up to 5 years after severe acute respiratory failure. 2004 Chest 126(6):1897- 904.

167. Probabilistic Thinking and intensive care : A world view. 2004 Crit. Care Med. 32(5):1231 1232.

168. CXCR3 Expression by Activated CD8+ T cells is Associated with Survival in Melanoma Patients with Stage III Disease Cancer Research. 2004 Cancer Research 64,7697-7701.

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169. Improving Intensive Care Performance: Complex Paths to Simple Truths. Mayo Clinic Pro. 2005; (2):164-165

170. Impact of patient distance to radiation therapy on mastectomy use in early-stage breast cancer patients. 2005 Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(28)7074-80

171. Designing Trials and Deciding on Therapy in Complex Diseases: What can we do to improve ? 2005 Med.Decision. Mak 2005. 25(4) pp.366-369

172. Data Mining and Clinical Data Repositories: Insights from a 667,000 patient data set. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2006.36: 1351-1377

173. Locating previously unknown patterns in data-mining results: a dual data- and knowledge-mining method. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2006; 6: 13. Published online 2006 March 7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-6-13.

174. ReleMed: Sentence-level search engine with relevance score for the MEDLINE database of biomedical articles. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2007,7:1 doi:10.1186/1472-6947-1 http://www.biomedcentral.com 1472-6947/7/1

175. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II article of Knaus et al with expert commentary by Dr. Derek Angus 2007 Journal of Critical Care 22;85-88