Wafer Bonding Comparison - US 3DS OUTSCALE · By switching from glass frit bonding to metal bonding...

©2018 by System Plus Consulting | Wafer to Wafer Permanent Bonding Comparison 2018 1

22 bd Benoni Goullin44200 NANTES - FRANCE +33 2 40 18 09 16 [email protected] www.systemplus.fr

Wafer Bonding ComparisonPermanent Bonding – Physical analysis and Cost Overview

MEMS, Imaging, LED, Packaging report by Audrey LAHRACHNovember 2018 – Sample

REVERSE COSTING® – STRUCTURAL, PROCESS & COST REPORT

http://www.systemplus.fr/



Table of Contents

Overview / Introduction 5

o Executive Summary

o Reverse Costing Methodology

Permanent Wafer Bonding Technology 9

Permanent Wafer Bonding Definition and Process Description 13

o Without intermediate layer

o Fusion Bonding

o CMOS Image Sensor

o MEMS Inertial Sensor

o Cu-Cu/Oxide Hybrid Bonding

o CMOS Image Sensor

o Anodic Bonding

o MEMS Pressure Sensor

o With intermediate layer

o Glass Frit

o MEMS Pressure Sensor


o Adhesive Bonding

o MEMS Micro-mirror

o Eutectic Bonding


o Microbolometer

o LED

o Thermo-compression Bonding

o MEMS RF


Physical Comparison 140

Cost Comparison 164

Feedbacks 168

SystemPlus Consulting services 170




Overview / Introductiono Executive Summaryo Reverse Costing

Methodologyo Glossary

Wafer Bonding Technology

Wafer Bonding Definition and Process Description

Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Executive Summary

This comparative review has been conducted to provide insights into the structures, processes and costs of the mainpermanent wafer bonding technologies.

Among these technologies, we have identified two main groups. One, bonding wafers without intermediate layers, includesfusion, copper-copper hybrid and anodic bonding approaches. The second group involves bonding wafers with intermediatelayers using an insulator like a glass frit, or a metal in eutectic and thermocompression approaches. In this report, we showexamples of each wafer bonding approach in different applications. We analyze and compare each wafer bonding process typeto show the benefit in terms of cost and space used.

By switching from glass frit bonding to metal bonding thermo-compression, a manufacturer could reduce component area byup to 30%, reclaiming lost space around the active surface and cutting cost. However, some bonding technologies are currentlyused only in some market segments. For example, hybrid copper-copper bonding is only used in CIS and glass frit technology isfound only in products in automotive and some consumer MEMS applications.

In the comparison, we have analyzed each component’s wafer bonding process, including component dimensions, cost andmanufacturing approach. We provide an overview of technology costs and manufacturer choices by application and range. Weoffer buyers and device manufacturers a unique possibility of understanding permanent wafer bonding technology, evolution,and comparing process costs.




Overview / Introduction



Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Wafer Bonding

Permanent Wafer Bonding:

Wafer bonding consists of joining two wafers surfaces with or without an intermediary layer, depending on the bondingtechnology.

Direct bonding is the process of bonding without an intermediate layer:

Indirect bonding is the process of bonding with an intermediate layer:







Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Wafer Bonding Technologies

Direct Bonding

Withoutintermediate layer

Fusion bonding/direct or molecular bonding

Cu-Cu/oxide hybridbonding at RT

Anodic bonding

Indirect Bonding

With intermediatelayer

Insulatinginterlayer

Glass frit bonding

Adhesive bonding

Metal bonding

Eutectic Bonding

Thermo-compression

Technology Description

Permanent bonding Technologies Overview©2018 by System Plus Consulting







o Without intermediate layero Fusion bondingo Anodic bonding

o With intermediate layero Insulating interlayer

o Glass frit bondingo Adhesive bonding

o Metal Bondingo Cu-Cu/oxide hybrid

bondingo Eutectic Bondingo Thermo-

compression

Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Fusion Bonding












compression

Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

mCube Accelerometer - Package Cross-Section

Package Cross-Section – SEM View

xxxx

IC Substrate (Si)

MEMS Cap (Si)

MEMS Sensor (Si)

Resin

TSV

RDLSolder

Ball

IC Metal Layers

Resin

ASIC

MEMS Sensor

MEMS Cap

TSV via Middle

mCube – Die Cross-Section – SEM View©2018 by System Plus Consulting

xxxxx

MEMS Cap (Si)

xxxxx

MEMS Sensor(Si)

xxxx

xxxxxxxx

IC Substrate (Si)

CMOS and Metal Layers

xxxx

Fusion Bonding

Oxide

xxxx

Photo rotation (180°)

Fusion Bonding

Fusion bonding












compression

Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

mCube Accelerometer – Process Flow

• Front-End Process:

o Substrate: x-inch (xxxmm) Silicon wafer

o Process type: xxxxxxxx

o Metal layers: x (xxxx)

o Special features: DRIE, fusion & xxxxx bondings + TSV xxxxxx in MEMS Cap

o Lithography steps: xx

o MEMS Area: xxxmm²

MEMS Accelerometer structure

Fusion bonding

TSV

MEMS Sensor

IC die

MEMS Cap












compression

Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Fusion Bonding – mCube Accelerometer - Process Flow

Fusion Bonding Process

MEMS on CMOS

• IC wafer

MEMS on CMOS

• Fusion bonding




P H Y S I C A LCOMPARISON





Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Glass frit bonding to Thermo-compression bonding

Pb Glass-frit

MEMS Cap

MEMS Sensor

Gold

MEMS Cap

MEMS Sensor

xxxµmxxµm

Au-Au Sealing Cross-Section©2018 by System Plus ConsultingAccelerometer with Gold Sealing

©2018 by System Plus Consulting

Accelerometer with Glass-Frit Sealing©2018 by System Plus Consulting

Glass-Frit Sealing Cross section©2018 by System Plus Consulting

MEMS Opening







Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Glass frit bonding to Eutectic bonding

xxxµm

Pb Glass-frit

MEMS Cap

MEMS Sensor

xxµm

AlGe

MEMS Cap

MEMS Sensor

Glass-Frit Sealing Cross section©2018 by System Plus Consulting

AlGe Sealing Cross section©2018 by System Plus Consulting

xxxxxxWLCSP 3-axis Accelerometer

xxxxxx6-axis eCompass




C O S TCOMPARISON





Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Permanent Wafer Bonding Comparison

Clean Room Cost

Equipment Cost

Consumable Cost

Labor Cost

Wafer Bonding Cost

Front-End

Clean Room Cost

Equipment Cost

Consumable Cost

Labor Cost

Wafer Bonding Cost

Front-End

XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx







Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Related Reports

MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY REPORTS - YOLE DÉVELOPPEMENTREVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING

PACKAGING• MEMS Packaging: Reverse Technology Review• MEMS Pressure Sensor Comparison 2018

MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY REPORTS - YOLE DÉVELOPPEMENT

ADVANCED PACKAGING• Bonding and Lithography Equipment Market for More than Moore

Devices• Status of the MEMS Industry 2018• Equipment and Materials for 3D TSV Applications 2017• Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry 2018• MEMS Packaging 2017



https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/equipment-and-materials-for-3d-tsv-applications-2017.html


https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/status-of-the-mems-industry-2018.html


https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/mems-pressure-sensor-comparison-2018/


https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/mems-packaging-reverse-technology-review/




https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/bonding-and-lithography-equipment-market-for-more-than-moore-devices.html



https://www.i-micronews.com/category-listing/product/status-of-the-cis-industry-2018.html

https://www.i-micronews.com/advanced-packaging-report/product/mems-packaging-2017.html







Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Related Reports

About System Plus

Linked Report

Bonding and Lithography Equipment Market for More thanMoore Devices – by Yole Développement

More than Moore devices fueled by megatrend applications willstrongly drive the growth of the lithography, permanent bonding,and temporary bonding and debonding equipment market.

KEY FEATURES OF THE REPORT• Wafer-to-Wafer (W2W) permanent bonding, lithography, temporary bonding and debonding tools for

More than Moore (MtM) markets (advanced packaging, MEMS & sensors, CMOS Image Sensors (CIS),RF, LED and power applications) volume and value metrics forecasted for 2017–2023

> by MtM device> by technology type

• Key technical insights into each equipment type covered, including trends, requirements andchallenges

• Competitive landscape and 2017 market shares for each bonding and lithography equipmentmanufacturer by MtM device

• Technology roadmap for W2W permanent bonding, temporary bonding and debonding and lithographyfor each MtM device

Bundle offer possible with the Wafer to Wafer Permanent Bonding Comparison 2018 report by System Plus Consulting, contact us for more information.



mailto:[email protected]

Over the years, permanent wafer bondinghas been a game changer for severalapplications in the semiconductor world.In radio-frequency (RF) applications,MEMS, and even for CMOS image sensors(CIS), it has reduced the surface areaoccupied and improved performancehugely. But depending on the applicationor the goal of the Original EquipmentManufacturers (OEMs), the technologycan differ. For example, wafer bondingprocesses is used to reduce systemfootprints and signal losses by couplingthe MEMS area with the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) controller.In this report, we will go through the mainpermanent wafer bonding technologies tosee the pros and the cons of each.

Among these technologies, we haveidentified two main groups. One, bondingwafers without intermediate layers,includes fusion, copper-copper hybrid andanodic bonding approaches. The secondgroup involves bonding wafers withintermediate layers using an insulator likea glass frit, or a metal in eutectic andthermocompression approaches. In thisreport, we show examples of each waferbonding approach in differentapplications. We analyze and compareeach wafer bonding process type to showthe benefit in terms of cost and spaceused.

By switching from glass frit bonding tometal bonding thermo-compression, amanufacturer could reduce component

area by up to 30%, reclaiming lost spacearound the active surface and cutting cost.However, some bonding technologies arecurrently used only in some marketsegments. For example, hybrid copper-copper bonding is only used in CIS andglass frit technology is found only inproducts in automotive and someconsumer MEMS applications.

In the comparison, we have analyzed eachcomponent’s wafer bonding process,including component dimensions, cost andmanufacturing approach. We provide anoverview of technology costs andmanufacturer choices by application andrange. We offer buyers and devicemanufacturers a unique possibility ofunderstanding permanent wafer bondingtechnology, evolution, and comparingprocess costs.

COMPLETE TEARDOWN WITH

• Package views and dimensions

• Package cross-sections

• Precise measurements

• Wafer bonding process description

• Cost analysis

• Cost comparison

Wafer bonding structure, process and cost analysis for CMOS image sensors,inertial, pressure and radio-frequency MEMS devices and LEDs.

REVERSE COSTING® – STRUCTURE, PROCESS & COST REPORT

Title: Wafer Bonding Comparison 2018

Pages: 160

Date: November 2018

Format: PDF & Excel file

Price: EUR 4,990

Wafer to Wafer Permanent Bonding Comparison 2018

IC – LED – RF – MEMS – IMAGING – PACKAGING – SYSTEM – POWER - DISPLAY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Permanent Wafer Bonding Technology

Permanent Wafer Bonding Definitions and Process Descriptions

• Without intermediate layer

Fusion bonding

o CMOS image sensor

o MEMS inertial sensor

Cu-Cu/Oxide hybrid bonding

o CMOS image sensor

Anodic bonding

o MEMS pressure sensor

• With intermediate layer

Glass frit

o MEMS pressure sensor


AUTHORS

Adhesive bonding

o MEMS micro mirror

Eutectic bonding


o Microbolometer

o LED

Thermo-compression bonding

o MEMS RF


Physical Comparison

Cost Comparison

Feedback

System Plus Consulting Services

WAFER TO WAFER PERMANENT BONDING COMPARISON 2018

MEMS Packaging: ReverseTechnology ReviewOctober 2017 - Price: EUR 4,990*

MEMS Pressure SensorComparison 2018May 2018 - EUR 4,990*

Status of the MEMSIndustry 2018May 2018 - EUR 6,490*

RELATED REPORTS

Audrey Lahrach is in charge ofcosting analyses for IC, LCD &OLED Displays and SensorDevices. She holds a Masterdegree in Microelectronics fromthe University of Nantes.

Yvon Le Goff has joined SystemPlus Consulting in 2011, in orderto setup the laboratory of SystemPlus Consulting. He previouslyworked during 25 years in AtmelNantes Technological AnalysisLaboratory as fab support inphysical analysis.

Véronique Le Troadec hasjoined System Plus Consultingas a laboratory engineer. Shehas extensive knowledge infailure analysis of componentsand in deprocessing ofintegrated circuits.

LINKED REPORT

Bonding and Lithography Equipment Market for More than

Moore Devices – Market and Technology Report by Yole

Développement

Bundle offer possible for the Wafer to Wafer Permanent Bonding

Comparison 2018, contact us for more information at

[email protected].



COSTING TOOLS

REVERSE COSTING® – STRUCTURE, PROCESS & COST REPORT

Process-BasedCosting Tools

ParametricCosting Tools

WHAT IS A REVERSE COSTING®?

Reverse Costing® is the process of disassembling a device (or asystem) in order to identify its technology and calculate itsmanufacturing cost, using in-house models and tools.

IC Price+

MEMS CoSim+

MEMS Price+

Power CoSim+

Power Price+

LED CoSim+

3D PackageCoSim+

DisplayPrice+

PCBPrice+

SYSCost+

Our analysis is performed with our costing tools MEMS CoSim+, LED CoSim+ and 3D Package CoSim+.

System Plus Consulting offers powerful costing tools to evaluate any MEMS and System process or device,

the production cost and selling price, from single chip to complex structures. All these tools are on sale

under corporate license.

CONTACTS

ABOUT SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING

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A complete range of services and

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Our services:

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Cost simulation tool to evaluate the cost of anyMEMS process or device.

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Cost simulation tool to evaluate the cost of anyPackaging process: Wafer-level packaging, TSV, 3Dintegration…

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REVERSE COSTING® – STRUCTURE, PROCESS & COST REPORTWAFER TO WAFER PERMANENT BONDING COMPARISON 2018

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Wafer Bonding Comparison - US 3DS OUTSCALE · By switching from glass frit bonding to metal bonding...

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