S2003-0057

W178.2-01Certification of WeldingInspectors

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®CANADIAN STANDARDS

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CSA Standards Update ServiceW178.2-0lSeptember 2001

Title: Certification of Welding InspectorsPagination: 22 pages (viii preliminary and 14 text), each datedSeptember 2001

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CSA Standard

W178.2-01Certification of Welding Inspectors

®CANADIAN STANDARDS

ASSOCIATION

®Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards Association

Published in September 2001 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector Organization

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CSA gratefully acknowledges the support of the Canadian Welding Bureau in the development of this Standard.

ISBN 1-55324-480-XTechnical Editor: Lawrence FogwillManaging Editor: Gary BurfordProduction Manager: Alison Macintosh

Administrative Assistant: Elizabeth HopeDocument Analyst: Indira KumaralaganEditors: Maria Adragna/ Samantha Coyle/ Sandra Hawryn/ Ann Martin/John McConnellGraphics Coordinator: Cindy KerkmannPublishing System Coordinators: Ursula Das/ Grace Da Silva/ Hematie Hassan/

Seetha Rajagopalan

© Canadian Standards Association 2001

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

Contents

Technical Committee on Certification of Welding Inspectors and Inspection Organizations

v

Preface vii

Foreword viii

1. Scope 1

2. Definitions and Reference Publications 22.1 Definitions 22.2 Reference Publications 2

3. Administration 3

4. Levels and Responsibilities of Individuals 34.1 General 34.2 Trainees 34.3 Welding Inspectors-Level 1 34.4 Welding Inspectors-Level 2 44.5 Welding Inspectors-Level 3 4

5. Code of Ethics 5

6. Competency Requirements for Welding Inspectors 56.1 General Requirements 56.2 Level 1 Welding Inspector 56.3 Level 2 Welding Inspector 56.4 Level 3 Welding Inspector 66.5 Non-Destructive Examinations 6

7. Additional Qualification Requirements for Offshore Structures 67.1 General 67.2 Ultrasonic Testing 77.3 Underwater Inspection 7

8. Requirements for Certification 78.1 Experience and Education 78.2 Examinations 88.2.1 General 88.2.2 Practical Examination 88.2.3 Open-Book Examination 88.2.4 Closed-Book Examination 88.2.5 Exemptions from Examinations 98.3 Vision Requirements 9

9. Certification 9

10. Renewal of Certification 9

AppendicesA- Sample Course Guideline 11B - Standards and Specifications for Product Category Groups 12C –Bibliography 13

Technical Committee on Certification of Welding Inspectors And Inspection Organizations

J.H. Zlmhelt Canspec Group Inc., Oakville, Ontario

Chair

B. Godin X-Per-X Inc.,Montreal, Quebec

Vice-Chair

P. Sedmlhradsky

Castle Engineering Services, Ancaster, Ontario

Vice-Chair

W.H. Kennedy CWB Group -Industry Services, Mississauga, Ontario

Secretary

B. Ball Ball Associates Engineering Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta

Associate

F.E. Butler Butler Inspection Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario

J-G. Chaput Hydro-Quebec, Montreal, Quebec

G.P. Gauthier SNC-Lavalin Inc., Montreal, Quebec

K. Hemmadl City of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario

B. Hill PDS Rail Services Corp.,Calgary, Alberta

J. Kerr Kerr Inspection Ltd., Orangeville, Ontario

J. McCanna Ontario Power Generation, Trenton, Ontario

J.S. Mitchell Syncrude Canada Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta

R.V. Murphy CANMET,Ottawa, Ontario

A.J. Pankratz A.J.P. Engineering Services,Winnipeg, Manitoba

J. Pates Nu-Tech Precision Metals Incorporated, Arnprior, Ontario

B. Peron LVM-Fondatec Inc.,Laval, Quebec

Y.D. Sharma Technical Standards & Safety Authority,Toronto, Ontario

J.C. Thomley New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council, Fredericton, New Brunswick

L. Fogwill CSA,Toronto, Ontario

Project Manager

Preface

This is the fourth edition of CSA Standard W178.2, Certification of Welding Inspectors. It supersedes the previous editions, published in 1996, 1990, and 1982. The purpose of this Standard is to establish criteria that must be met by individuals seeking certification as welding inspectors. Individuals may be certified in accordance with this Standard whether or not they are in the employ of an inspection organization. Industry will find this Standard beneficial since employing certified welding inspectors can assist the fabricator in producing quality products.

The effectiveness of welding inspection operations depends largely on the knowledge and integrity of the individual responsible for carrying out the inspection. There is, therefore, a need for inspectors with both the appropriate knowledge and the capability of exercising responsible judgment.

In certifying the individual, there is no intention of pre-empting either an employer's final responsibility for the work or a supervisor's judgment of an individual’s suitability to perform a given task. The Standard outlines minimum basic requirements and is intended as a guide toward evaluating an individual's level of competence as a welding inspector.

Candidates will find relevant experience beyond the minimum requirements of this Standard and an educational background in welding technology to be assets. Candidates will be required to pass Canadian Welding Bureau examinations for the purpose of assessing their knowledge of welding, weld defects, and welding codes. Provision is made for the continuing registration of certified individuals.

This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Certification of Welding Inspectors and Inspection Organizations under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Welding and Structural Metals and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. ·

September 2001

Notes:(1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.(3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization - Code of good practice for standardization as "substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, butnot necessarily unanimity". It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication.(4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee.(5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. Requests for interpretation should;(a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific "yes" or "no" answer.

Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA's periodical Info Update. For subscription details, write to CSA Sales Promotion, Info Update, at the address given above.

Foreword

The Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) provides certification services for organizations, fabricators, and individuals who wish to be certified in conformance to this Standard.

In performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, the CWB does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or of any other party. The opinions and findings of the Bureau represent its professional judgment given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Standard is processed.

Operational and control techniques, test procedures, and instrumentation may be prescribed by theCWB in addition to the requirements contained in CSA Standards.

Some tests required by CSA Standards may be inherently hazardous. The CWB neither assumes nor accepts any responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever performed, whether performed in whole or in part by the CWB or any other party, and whether or not any equipment, facility, or personnel for or in connection with the test is furnished by the CWB or any other party.

In the event that the CWB is unable to resolve an issue relating to certification, there is an appeal procedure: the complainant should submit the matter, in writing, to the Chair of the Board of theCanadian Welding Bureau.

For information concerning application for certification to this Standard, address your inquiry to theCanadian Welding Bureau, 7250 West Credit Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 5N1.

W178.2-0lCertification of Welding Inspectors

1. Scope

1.1This Standard outlines a means for certifying eligible welding inspectors by examination in one of three levels. It describes the responsibilities associated with each level and the basic technical functions of welding inspectors. This Standard also outlines a means of registering welding inspection trainees.Note: The certification document should indicate in relation to the product categories listed in Clause 8.2.3.1 the codes, standards, or specifications passed by the welding inspector.

1.2This Standard specifies a means for periodically reviewing a welding inspector's certification and includes a requirement for vision tests.

1.3This Standard, by including a code of ethics for the welding inspector, defines principles of practice and conduct for maintaining certification.

1.4To assist candidates in preparing for examinations, this Standard includes recommended course guidelines covering(a) welding fundamentals; (b) welding inspection; and (c) welding metallurgy.In addition, it includes lists of relevant Standards and of recommended courses and reference material(see Appendices A and B).

1.5

This Standard does not purport to address safety problems associated with welding and welding practice.Note: CSA Standard W117.2 addresses safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes and should be followed in addition to any workplace health and safety legislation in effect. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Definitions and Reference Publications

2.1 DefinitionsThe following definitions apply in this Standard:

Bureau -the Canadian Welding Bureau, also known by the abbreviation CWB.

Certification -written testimony of successful completion of an examination and qualification to theStandard.

Experience -the period of time spent in performing work that contributes to a candidate's eligibility and qualification.

Product category -a class of assemblies in a common field that incorporates, or will incorporate, welding as a means of fastening; the fields exhibit their commonality through end use or through a constraint such as the terms of a Standard.

Qualification -skill training, knowledge, and experience required by individuals to perform the job functions of a welding inspector.

Trainee -an individual working at welding inspection and training to be a welding inspector.

Welding Inspection -the monitoring and critical examination of a welding project prior to, during, and following completion of welding.

Welding Inspector -an individual who has been qualified and certified to the requirements of this standard.

2.2 Reference PublicationsThis Standard refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to the edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.

CSA StandardW117.2-01,

Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (Developed in Cooperation with the Canadian WeldingBureau).

CGSB* StandardCAN/CGSB-48.9712-2000,Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel.

CWB PublicationProcedures Guide for Alleged Violations of CSA Standard W178.2 Rules.

* Canadian General Standards Board. Canadian Welding Bureau.

3. Administration

3.1This Standard shall be administered by the Canadian Welding Bureau.

3.2Certification documents shall be issued to welding inspectors for the level of certification that they have achieved.

3.3A list of certified welding inspectors shall be maintained by the Bureau and shall be published periodically.

4. Levels and Responsibilities of Individuals

4.1 GeneralAll certified welding inspectors shall perform welding inspection in accordance with documented procedures.

4.2 Trainees

4.2.1Trainees shall perform welding inspection under the supervision of a Level 2 or Level 3 welding inspector.

4.2.2Trainees shall not receive certificates but should be registered with the Bureau. The firm or organization employing the trainee shall remain responsible for his or her performance.

4.3 Welding Inspectors- Level 1

4.3.1Level 1 welding inspectors shall be individuals who have fulfilled the qualification and certification requirements of this Standard for Level 1.

4.3.2A Level 1 welding inspector shall perform welding inspection under the supervision of a Level 2 or Level 3 welding inspector.

4.3.3As part of their certification, Level 1 welding inspectors shall be endorsed for the codes and standards by which they are to conduct inspection in one or more of the product categories identified inClause 8.2.3.1 according to the requirements of this Standard.

4.3.4Where Level 1 welding inspectors are not endorsed for the codes and standards by which they are to conduct inspection, they shall work under the supervision of a Level 2 or 3 welding inspector who is endorsed for those codes and standards.

4.4 Welding Inspectors- Level 2

4.4.1Level 2 welding inspectors shall be individuals who have fulfilled the qualification and certification requirements of this Standard for Level 2.

4.4.2As part of their certification, Level 2 welding inspectors shall be endorsed for the codes and standards by which they are to conduct inspection in one or more of the product categories identified inClause 8.2.3.1 according to the requirements of this Standard. Level 2 welding inspectors may be assigned the responsibility for verifying that the work inspected and the records maintained conform to the applicable codes, standards, drawings, and specifications.

4.4.3Where Level 2 welding inspectors are not endorsed for the codes and standards by which they are to conduct inspection, they shall work under the supervision of a Level 3 welding inspector who is endorsed for those codes and standards.

4.4.4Level 2 welding inspectors working in product categories for which they are not certified shall perform such inspections under the direction of a Level 3 welding inspector.

4.5 Welding Inspectors- Level 3

4.5.1Level 3 welding inspectors shall be individuals who have fulfilled the qualification and certification requirements of this Standard for Level 3 .

4.5.2The certification of Level 3 welding inspectors shall include endorsement for the codes and standards by which they are to conduct inspections in one or more of the product categories identified inClause 8.2.3.1 and in accordance with the requirements of this Standard.

4.5.3Level 3 welding inspectors shall perform inspections or verify that the work inspected and the records maintained conform to the applicable codes, standards, drawings, and specifications.

4.5.4The responsibilities of Level 3 welding inspectors may extend to exercising complete quality control over the welding aspects of an inspection project or contract.

5. Code of Ethics

Certified welding inspectors recognize that precepts of personal integrity and professional competence are fundamental, and as such shall(a) have proper regard for the safety, health, and well-being of the public;(b) undertake only those assignments for which they are competent by virtue of certification, training, and experience and, where warranted, advise '\he engagement of such specialists as are required to facilitate the completion of assignments;(c) protect to the fullest extent possible, consistent with the well-being of the public, any information given in confidence by an employer or colleague;(d) indicate to the employer or supervisor any adverse consequence that may result from an overruling of their rejection of work by a non-technical authority;(e) be objective, thorough, and factual in any written report, statement, or testimony about the work and include all relevant or pertinent information in such documents;(f) sign only for work that they have inspected or for work about which they have personal knowledgethrough direct technical control; and(g) strive to maintain personal proficiency by updating their technical knowledge and skills as required to perform welding inspection properly.Note: Welding inspectors are cautioned against interference in the line relationship between welders, operators, or tackers and their supervisors. When any form of discrepancy arises, the welding inspector should advise the supervisor or some other responsible person of the discrepancy.

6. Competency Requirements for Welding Inspectors

6.1 General Requirements

Welding inspectors at any level shall be capable of(a) reviewing welding inspection procedures in conjunction with the related standards, codes, and drawings to a degree consistent with the level of welding inspector certification;(b) monitoring and examining the work performed by tackers, welding operators, or welders;(c) recording inspection results in such a way that the work personally inspected may be identified; and(d) preparing clear and adequate reports.

6.2 Level 1 Welding InspectorThe Level 1 welding inspector, under the supervision of a Level 2 or Level 3 welding inspector, shall be capable of(a) verifying that the specified base metal and welding materials are used and maintained in proper condition as specified; ·(b) verifying that the joint preparation and fit-up meet the requirements of the welding procedure and drawings; and(c) examining and evaluating welds according to a prescribed inspection procedure.

6.3 Level 2 Welding InspectorIn addition to the capabilities listed in Clause 6.2 for Level 1 welding inspectors, the Level 2 welding inspector shall be capable of(a) confirming that the welding equipment to be used for the work is appropriate for the process specified in the welding procedure and has the capacity to produce the specified welds, and that the welding equipment is in good working order;(b) confirming that the tackers, welding operators, and welders have been properly qualified in accordance with the applicable codes and standards and that their qualifications are current and permit them to use the welding procedures specified for the work;

(c) verifying that only specified and accepted welding procedures are used for the work; (d) identifying substandard quality of work during fabrication; and(e) examining the finished work for conformance to the requirements of the applicable codes, standards, specifications, and drawings.

6.4 Level 3 Welding Inspector

6.4.1In addition to the capabilities listed in Clauses 6.3 and 6.4 for Level 1 and Level 2 welding inspectors, the Level 3 welding inspector shall be competent in(a) the interpretation of specifications and codes, preparation of welding inspection procedures, and implementation of welding inspection aspects of quality programs;(b) ensuring that non-destructive and other examinations have been performed to the degree specified by contract documents, using qualified personnel, and that the results have been duly recorded; and(c) demonstrating knowledge of

(i) welding

procedures; (ii) welding metallurgy;(iii) weld defects- their

cause and effect; (iv) weld repair;(v) principles of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC)

(welding inspection aspects of quality programs);(vi) engineering and construction drawings;(vii) preparation of non-destructive testing (NDT) inspection plans from

construction drawings; (viii) stress relieving; and(ix) new welding technology.

6.4.2In addition to the requirements of Clause 6.4.1, a Level 3 inspector shall be capable of reviewing contractors' inspection and test plans to determine whether all welding-related quality requirements of the specification have been included.

6.5 Non-Destructive ExaminationsA welding inspector who is to perform radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current, magnetic particle, or liquid penetrant examinations shall be certified in accordance with the applicable requirements of CGSB Standard CAN/CGSB-48.9712, which covers the certification of technicians who perform such non-destructive examinations.

7. Additional Qualification Requirements for Offshore Structures

7.1 GeneralFor specific qualification regarding tubular type joints, the inspector shall be tested (in theory and practical application) in relevant test methods, including visual inspection, on tubular T, Y, and K joints.

7.2 Ultrasonic Testing

7.2.1The ultrasonic operator shall be required to demonstrate an ability to apply the special techniques required for examination of tubular T, Y, and K joints.

7.2.2Practical tests for this purpose, using the applicable qualified and approved procedures, shall be performed upon mock-up welds that represent the type of weld to be inspected, including a representative range of dihedral angles and thicknesses to be encountered in production. Each mock-up shall contain natural or artificial discontinuities that yield ultrasonic indications above and below the reject criteria specified in the approved procedure.

7.2.3Satisfactory performance shall be judged on the basis of the operator's ability to determine the size and classification of each discontinuity with the accuracy required to accept or reject each weld.

7.2.4The operator shall identify as rejectable at least 70% of the rejectable discontinuities. All rejectable discontinuities found by the operator shall be accurately located, identified, and recorded.

7.2.5The rejectable discontinuities recorded shall include all those exceeding rejectable dimensions by a factor of two or amplitude of 6 db.

7.2.6The overall performance of the operator shall be to the satisfaction of the Bureau.

7.3 Underwater InspectionInspectors required to work underwater shall have demonstrated underwater proficiency in the test methods. Such testing shall be to the satisfaction of the Bureau.

8. Requirements for Certification

8.1 Experience and Education

8.1.1The minimum required years of welding fabrication or inspection experience are as follows: (a) For certification to Level 1 welding inspector, the candidate shall have

(i) obtained at least one year's experience in one or more of the areas noted in Clause 8.1.2; or

(ii) successfully completed recognized courses in the fundamental principles and practices of welding and quality control and inspection of welding.

(b) For certification to Level 2 welding inspector, the candidate shall have at least 2 years' experience asa certified Level 1 welding inspector.(c) For certification to Level 3 welding inspector, the candidate shall have at least 4 years' experience as a certified Level 2 welding inspector.

8.1.2Welding inspector candidates shall have previous experience in welded fabrication or welding inspection. This previous experience shall include one or more of the following areas:(a) layout and fitting;(b) manual or semi-automatic welding; (c) welding inspection;(d) welding supervision; (e) weld testing;

(f) weld designing or detailing;(g) welding instruction; or(h) fabrication planning.

8.2 Examinations

8.2.1 General

8.2.1.1All welding inspector candidates shall be subject to examination. Exemptions from the Bureau's examinations may be granted in accordance with Clause 8.2.5.

8.2.1.2The scope and complexity of the examinations shall be appropriate to the specific level.

8.2.2 Practical ExaminationCandidates for the Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 welding inspector designation shall pass a test in the visual detection and identification of weld faults.

8.2.3 Open-Book Examination

8.2.3.1Candidates for the Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 welding inspector designation shall pass written open-book examinations on inspection standards for the product categories in which they seek endorsement. Product category groups shall be chosen from among the following:(a) buildings, bridges, industrial structures, machinery, cranes, and rail and road vehicles; (b) ships and floating marine structures;(c) mobile drilling units and steel fixed offshore structures; (d) industrial pipe;(e) pipelines;(f) pressure vessels, boilers, and heat exchangers; and(g) storage tanks.Note: Some typical standards and codes covering the above product categories are listed in Appendix B.

8.2.3.2When certified welding inspectors at any level wish to extend their endorsements to other product categories, they shall pass open-book examinations on codes and standards related to the additional categories.

8.2.4 Closed-Book Examination

8.2.4.1Candidates for the Level 1 welding inspector designation shall pass a Level 1 written examination on welding inspection.

8.2.4.2Candidates for the Level 2 welding inspector designation shall pass a Level 2 written examination on welding fundamentals and welding inspection.

8.2.4.3

Candidates for the Level 2 and Level 3 welding inspector designations shall demonstrate by written examination that they are competent in descriptive reporting relative to inspections performed on weldments.

8.2.4.4Candidates for the Level 3 welding inspector designation shall pass a Level 3 written examination on welding fundamentals, welding inspection, and welding metallurgy.

8.2.4.5Candidates for the Level 3 welding inspector designation shall pass a written examination on the content of this Standard.

8.2.5 Exemptions from Examinations

An individual who holds a valid certificate as a welding inspector issued by a jurisdiction other than the Bureau and who has met requirements equivalent to those stated in Clauses 8.1 and 8.2 of this Standard may be granted equivalent certification upon application to the Bureau.

8.3 Vision RequirementsApplicants for certification shall provide evidence of satisfactory vision, as determined by an oculist, optometrist, or other professionally recognized person, in accordance with the following requirements: (a) Distance vision shall equal 20/30 or better in at least one eye, either uncorrected or corrected.(b) Near vision acuity shall permit reading 0.5 m continuous text (N-4) at a 40 cm test distance, withthe applicant's habitual correction (one or both eyes). The following are considered equivalent to the0.5 m performance:(i) Times Roman: N-4 at 40 cm; (ii) Reduced Snellen: 40/50;(iii) Jaeger: J2 at 40 cm; and(iv) 0.37 m at 30 cm.

9. Certification

9.1The Bureau shall issue to each applicant who successfully meets the qualification and certification requirements a certificate stating that the applicant has met the requirements of this Standard. The certificate shall be valid for 3 years unless revoked for the reasons defined in Clause 9.2.

9.2Any violation by a certified individual of the requirements of this Standard shall constitute unacceptable practice. Such practice shall be reviewed and may be subject to sanctions as outlined in the Bureau's Procedures Guide for Alleged Violations of CSA Standard W7 78.2 Rules.

10. Renewal of Certification

10.1

The certification period shall be 3 years.

10.2To renew a certificate, an inspector shall be required to apply before the expiry date of the certification. At that time the inspector shall provide evidence of satisfactory vision and of a continuing involvement in welding examination or testing.

10.3Certified inspectors who do not renew their certification before the expiry date shall be decertified. Recertification shall require that they rewrite the full examination.

10.4Reinstatement of certification may be granted upon completion of certification requirements.

10.5 Re-examination on Codes and Standards

10.5.1Certified welding inspectors shall be re-examined at 6-year intervals on current codes and standards associated with the product categories cited on their certification documents. Certified inspectors who do not successfully complete the examination(s) on the code(s) or standard(s) by their expiry date shall;

(a) be decertified if it is the only code or standard for which they have endorsement; or(b) lose that particular code or standard endorsement if they have one or more additional code or standard endorsement.

10.5.2If decertification applies in accordance with Item (a) of Clause 10.5.1, the inspector shall be required to rewrite the full examination to regain certification.

Appendix ASample Course GuidelineNote: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

A1. GeneralThe following provides a sample course guideline for candidates preparing for certification as welding inspectors.

1. Design

1.1 DrawingsOutline of types of drawings; Reading of shop drawings; Symbols for welding andNon-destructive testing.

1.2 Design ConceptsApplication and design of joints.

1.3 Codes, Specifications, and StandardsDefinitions, functions, and types; Certification Standards; Qualification Standards.

2. Materials

2.1 Base Metals Mechanical properties; Examination of metals; Steel types;Heat treatment of steel;Cast irons; Stainless steels; Aluminum alloys; other alloys.

2.2 Welding ConsumablesSteel electrodes;Stainless steel electrodes; Aluminum alloy electrodes; Nickel electrodes.

2.3 Welding Metallurgy Welding

low-carbon steel; Welding low-alloy structural steel; Welding stainless steel;Welding aluminum alloys; Hard facing.

3. Production

3.1 Preparation of JointsEdge preparation; Fit-up of joints; Production methods and economics;Health and safety precautions; Elements of supervision.

4. Welding

4.1 ProcessesArc welding;Features of the electric arc; Other heat sources.

4.2 Equipment Fundamentals of electricity; Arc welding equipment.

4.3 Welding ProceduresEssential variables;Non-essential variables; Control.

4.4 Side EffectsDistortion and residual stress; Heat effects.

5. Quality Assurance

5.1 Basic System FunctionConcepts Authority; Design;Material control;Monitoring; Verification control; Corrective functions; Recording;

Auditing;Performance. 5.2 Basic Concepts of

Quality ControlRole of welding inspector; Factors affecting weld quality; Potential weld faults.

5.3 Non-DestructiveExaminationVisual examination; Radiographic examination; Ultrasonic examination; Eddy current examination;Magnetic particle examination; Liquid penetrant examination; Acceptance criteria.

5.4 Other ExaminationMechanical testing;Chemical and metallographic testing.

6. Qualification

6.1Welders.

6.2Equipment.

6.3Procedures.

6.4Material.

6.5Inspectors.

6.6NDT technicians.

Appendix BStandards and Specifications for ProductCategory Groups

Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

Table B1

Standards and Specifications for Product Category Groups

Typical structure Typical standards and specifications*

Buildings, bridges, industrial structures, machinery,cranes, and road and rail vehicles

CSA W47.1CSA W59

Ships and floating marine structures ABS†, DNV‡, LR§

Mobile drilling units and offshore steel structures CSA W47.1 and W47.1S1CSA W59 and W59S1CSA S473

Industrial pipe ASME B31.3

Pipelines CSA Z662

Pressure vessels and heat exchangers ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1ASME BPVC, Section IX

Storage tanks API 650

* See Appendix C† American Bureau of Shipping‡ Det Norske Veritas§ Lloyd's Register

Appendix CBibliography

Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

CSA Standards8167-96,Safety Standard for Maintenance and Inspection of Overhead Cranes, Gantry Cranes, Monorails, Hoists, andTrolleys;

G40.20/G40.21-98,General Requirements for Rolled or Welded Structural Quality Steel/Structural Quality Steels;

CAN/CSA-5473-92 (R2001),Steel Structures;

W47.1-92 (R1998),Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel Structures;

W47.1 S1-M1989 (R1998),Supplement No. 1-M1989 to W47.1-1983, Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel Structures;

W59-M1989 (R1998),Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding) (Metric Version);

W59S1-M1989 (R1998),Supplement No. 1-M1989, Steel Fixed Offshore Structures to W59-M1989, Welded Steel Construction (MetalArc Welding);

W1 78.1 (under development),Certification of Welding Inspection Organizations;

W186-M1990 (R1998),Welding of Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced Concrete Construction;

Z662-99,Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems.

API* Standard650,Welded Steel Tanks for Storage, 1998.

ASME** StandardsB31.3-99,Process Piping;

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2001:Section VIII- Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1; Section IX- Welding and Brazing Qualifications.

AWS*** StandardsB5.1 (under development),Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors;

QC1-1996,Specification for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors.

*American Petroleum Institute.**American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc.***American Welding Society, Inc.

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(Si l'espace est insuffisant, utiliser le verso et des feuil/es volantes/ Use reverse and additional pages as required.)

ISBN 1-55324-480-X