1

~Merict—‘W1 w C’Y

1

od M an mow of wwkrWd itswo w Itu Uniud Wta Momk CnorSY

LNuion, nor sny of tholr .mp!oyom, nw My ofoimrrwtom, #uboonwa@tWs,w thotr ompbytis,

s an wsrrmy, oxprw or Imptid, m SUumu MY

‘~

dhy of rospondbUity for thg MOMMY, aom.Mu or unfulnw of My lnformatl.on, SPPUWJ,M or wows dlsobd, or ropwHms thst 10 wi nol inhlngsprlvstcly own~d r~~,

Dannia Ii, Qllllag A.LamomIJciantific Laboratory

of tho University of CaliforniaLoo Alamo, Now ~OXiCO 87544

A bri,f 7oviaw of tho theory of absorption of la-orlight by plaamaa ●nd of tha nacaomary raquiramnts fortho p~oduction of controlled tharmoauclaar fusion isgivm. TIM implication. of this theory in rqard to thorcquiramanto on tha laa.r to b. umd for fusion ●ro

‘ diocumad, Tho throa Lypm of lamrm being conaidmadfor us. (alsctrically pumpad #aa lamars, chamical, sndsolid stats Laomm) arc a.ach daocribod with diacusaionof thair rolstiw ●dvantm~am ●nd dimadvantaum. Th,MIglaBs syatm is damczibod in croatar dmtaii sinca,that ayatam ia now baing uaad to ●tudy tho basic li8ht-wtcor intsraction~ ●t ● numbm of laboratorioo aroundtha wrld. ?inally, mantion io mado of ths prwantstatus of~ and futura plma fort lars@ la.cr cystam~ boint built ●t sow of thma laboratoriaa, iI

I

#Wed Uctfmrl

iWor ●inca tho first laam wm. opmatad in 1960aiorttisto havo bean conoidarint tho possibility that

p hsor aould b- umd :0 initiata A aontrollad tlw-

nualaar raaathn. Until recant yaars, howowr, “thisWI has mmd matt Qluaiva. Early ●stisatao of tha

rquirod Laoat anargy to achiav~ ‘%raakavcn” wam 10Qto l~tJ, With mor@c.aroful calculations and tha ●dvmtof,ohortar (< 1 nma) puhao by mmns of mdoloak$nt,this aumbor bwam 108 to 10’ J. It uow •ppam~ that,kith compraooiou of th fual droplat ● d caxoful ohapiug

Ii

tf tho Iasor pulsoo 10 to 104 J of last- smur$y may● suffiaiant to produaa ‘tbraakavm”. As usad haroin,rcakwan” rafars to tha aomditiou whoro thmmanuclmrorgy praduaod ●quals tha lam ●mrgy sbaorbad by tho

~rgat. It i- in quotation marks bamm it IS an ●rti-

L

total mmbmt wt ●ccounting for tha ●ffiaimay of thaSW, tha ●nar#y mfhetod by th~ targat ●nd othar lom

roaacmao With ●ll of them pmaaoom aonsidwad,vorO ha lmm margy raquirod for commcia (i,a.

ikoanmiaal) potmr production may b. so low ●s 10 to 10 1

~. This is only ● faator of 10 to 100 ●bova prosont

EOCIW1OSY, ● not uaraaoonabla faator aonsidorint thsurmt rata of growth of Lam taohnolosy,

I

I,laamm thst will ba roquirod ●nd on tha probhmt to ba‘ovarccm in a.xtcndina proaont lm.r tochnolo~y. Tharoquirod charactariatica of a laoor for fusion ctudica●ro deacrlbad. Thm thraa major typos of lasars nowbeing conoidmrod ●a rev%awad. A moro dmtailmd doacrip- gtiorr ic given of tho Nd:glaoa Iaaar oyotm, ciuco thiois tha davico that 1. now boint used to ntudy tho phys- ‘2

icm of tha I.aaor-msttar intmaction, Tho inhoronc gimfflcfmcy of ● solid stat. laaor ●ymtam may prmvmtNdtglam from baing ●pplicable to ● ●conomical raactor. 5

Uowavox, this is tha moot sdvancad typo of .yotm ●t 1tha wmant for producins Iarta ●rmgioa in short timu. .

Ti.nslly, ● roviaw of tha currant ctatua of major laaaroystams ia promntad, ●ions with soma diacumiort of

‘plans ●.d ●choduloo for tho futura.

Controlled thamonuclom raactiont will occur ifono is ●bla to raioa tha Mmporatur. of tha fual to ●

mfficimtly high valuo wh:la ●t tha mm tima main-taining tha fuml ●t ● high dmsity. T’k afficiancywith whfah thm fuel “burns” is datmminad by tha tamp-

watura, dano~ty ●nd lmgth of tiaa which thma aondi-tiom I.amt.

Tha most iatoroattng fuel fo; lamr fdoa i. ●

aphorc of solid (fromt) dautsritm-triti= m.ixturo (UI).~or DT tho i~ition tomporaturo, i,a., that tompmaturo●t which th production of fusion ●mrsy ●xcoada tho•ar~y losoduo to radiation, is ● fow kav. mea thistmparaturt 10 raaahad, tho UT fual will burn with ●u●!ficimcy datomin~d by tha product of tha dmwity n●nd tho cmtainmmt tima T. Tlm aontaiamnt tisa in

datmmtnad primar:ly by h>codynaaias. Uhm tha Laaarbaam atrikas tha fuel tarsst, s shock wava mows intotha tar~ot followad by ● rartfaatton wava. Tho rsrc- ‘Ifaation W*VO lowars tha danoity ●nd COOICtho raaatian.Moo, ●. tha plaama blowff from tlm tar~at ●panda, it

aaols mpidly.

1 T’hc ohoakwmm it bancfioialt homvm. in tht it

lampromac tha fual to h~ghor donaitiaa, Tha ●nortyinput raquirad for ignition i. invmmly proportionalto the oquara of tha dmsity, T’huo tho r~quirod input●narty doaraaaas rapidly with aompromion. If Onoaarafuliy shapaa tho Lamr pulm, ● asriam of ahoakwavm om bo ar, td in tha DT fud ~llctt mltiplyiqtha amprasaiom, f It 0 praaidy thio @ffcat whiahM lworad tha prtdiatad .nar#y raquimd to pr uatthomonual~ar brmkovan- PIf a~r~omionn of 10 to 10’am b~ ●ahiawd, than soia tifia ●aibility misht ba

v fshown with as little ●m 10 to 10 J,

‘In (1) m and e refer to the aloctron~c memoand charge,“ E8qmMm?aly& Per hi~her fgequm~iss (oboFE@swave=

iongglw) @f laam l~ght *IM energy ia absorbed ortrmem$tted; Longer wavct.mgtha shauld be reflected,

.The critical density for s particular wavelength oflight 1. that denoity nc for which w =

“?. For aoltd

DT denaitie~ tha cormspond~ng wavelmgt is 0.15 Bm,tn the ultraviolet, If this ware tho entire storythem las~r fusion would mot look wry premising,

\ !&vaporlsing the fuel pellet ●urfme ftrst, ●itherwith a wparate low-aner$y, lon$er-time-ecale laeorpulse or with tha leadin$ ●d$e of tha motn pulee, ●

density gradient can b. ●otabl$ahed, ●s shown in Fig.‘1. Wwa lacer beam of wavelm~th A will penetratethe plaema unttl Zt finale its own crittcal deno~ty,●t which point It will b~ reflected. If we aesum ‘that no significant ab.orptton occure balow a dmsitynas than the abeorbin~ layer or thickness of th~ plaaauS@4istanco X between denoit~es na and ~. Zt should

‘be noted thet the roflectd Ilght passe. throuth the‘sbsorblng Iayor s eacond time before leaving tk ‘

,

Density Sradtmt for partially vapor~aod ~polht , Below arit~d donoity ~ tho hoar* M is ●boarbod. Abow n , lam M$ht i.vro l~atod, wordi~ to thekyof the hvarao

bmotrahlunto mat, II!

Mawin&

1

Ammmh to thaw

eenvimmd eumehs that Zoms fgaton is ●

and that there is a remmable ehanco ctfthen ●ak ‘?#hat 8pp&oseh●hall wo take h

problem?” Fir8t, very littlo le ●ctusllyknown In regard to the many ●bsorption phenomena. Theuprcmemea have been snd ●ra botng ●tudted thaosetSea13y,bug -perim.ntal confirmation is naeded. VoFy ●Arlyaxporf.mmte, then, ●re balng concentrated on qtudy~tho baeic interactions of the tntenso lewr beam wMbmatter. Thic work ie in pto~rese in most of the lab-oratorioe mktloned oarltor~ Iiowwer, wnyof tho phe-nomena ●ro intansity dependent, rquiring more Smtenaa

bmme than are nowevailabla. Thcso aparimontsmmt

●wait the completion of lmgor laser •yst~,

TIM ●econd phaeo of oxparfmmtc will b. dimctodtoward tha ●ch$evament of %ctontiftc brukovott”. Aodaecribad ●mltor, th$o i~~ tho conditioa that t~

nuclear ●srgy produced ●qual. hoar ●erty input.UMle auchs ●ystem would not be prscttcal for pouarproduction, this schiovememt scp~esmto 8 major ~le-Iotona for th~ lasar fu#ian sffort, Itaaeeompliabaom@ simpl~fhd by ths fact that requir-ato on laoariefWienq? and rapet~tion rate 9s9 not wveras Thermkc ●t loaet four labor~tosies ●tivoly build* ayotw

‘for thie puspom,

me ffaal Stapaaq the road to laoor fuo$omfsthat o~ proving ●~:onomic fuelbWty. itavi~ shownIoatantiftaally that me Can pmwa tkormonuelear-ymd-h-laser-iaput ratio. ~eutcr thas 1, tho probleaaofIewrcll ●ffidoncy (inelud~~ Ghe luar) ad ot rapo-ltttian rat. rnuet ba ealvad~ TW fimal phaaa alaoinaludac ghe deeisn of the pawar ~lant itaol~ and tbo~ for axta~timg tha nualoar •mor~aad aomvort*

Ilt to wablo ●loetr~aal amargy, Wtih mrk to ~#one am this part of the problem, it aloarly will dopd●traa@yom tha raault. of *ho fixat two PbiaoaO -

AMU8sUm9B&

I t?a~ the Anfo-tSori dwolopod ●bove ma ~ x:dotarmdaa oomo of the aharaatostotioz daa~rad is s

Labar to bo uaad for f ●im. Ztrat of all, an output

!ru graatar tham ~0 J *O raqu~rod for broa

Iloumsahsroator Aa unaertahg P-hOS~mO 0~ ;0 tOaio@Jmayba rquirod to prevo aaoaaAa faaaaunyo

.

.‘avmoblo sad la?garOyatoma Ito* bum ● “

I It Ss uoll bnounthat ~ laoars wo ~ tbomoot Offmaac typos @f lasoroo BMmoaatao 00 M@w 44Xhavo k Wpmad$ Thaoo9ffmanaia9 W*‘for W d laag (maaynfarooooostd) *aoos houovor.VOr pulom 1 mom aud oho?tor, tbt OfftiiOiBOy dropsW Value, Sloara& 10%* For t#taoo alwt puaooa, tho

&otathl ro-wtien t- is not fact mh te dlou

‘tba ●t@&ad oao=#y in adj84mt m?tacional MOO to 00IP‘tMNt@ te tho aupaifteation proaaooo Aa s Coault ghor~ utraatioo *S not 00 ●ffteiomt so for ~@loos. Movarthoks, Wfieianaim of 10%●m m#-Stiioat for uoo in ● kios maw:.I

I

kA hrtba 0dv06tas@Ot tbto ~0 Of iaaar to tbo

i14ty to ●aala tha output am$y ~th ●powm ●SSQOl~f~wo with •~rturas Of W am hwa boa buf)h,lar$or Oaoo aan bo built if mquirad. Thaaalac~

ctumo ●ro -t without pbkir~ bouovac. PradudquStorn •~o-tma alootrhal dioulw~ ova? Q tiwOlmo So diftiault, aod ~liflod ●pamtsnoouo dooh

& baaoaa ● oariouo 100a.I

Lno * l@avdoa@lt,10.6 la in tbo lal’facd,io

t Maal, It M Mh loqat tbon that aorJ”owoMiM

M tbo wit- daaoity Of ooUd bTs and tt ta $Moa-t to mk Wth h ra@rd w ~ataotoxo A tcmo-

Immom optics. Ono Wthod *t iaoma’sing tho @a-Iabaor#tioa $. @ oonvoct tba uovoloqth to ● ahortorma ●t tho ●utput ●f tbo laoor~ W* monl-t ~tiae‘80th4qu600 Solmao for 4.* tbio ●ro uodor aot~va

48vooe*ttomoI

*thr aloatssaaUy ~ #ao boo? of latoroatto 00. Woot d tbo ~oviaua Oatamto - —=-$4OO@aoo@ytom, $fmilar ~&ngoahOmOOoaaboW@&t::’yatom m ba~ invo*tl@atod ●t Oomral

,

?AcO 80 &l boor ●yotam mdor aoaotrwt$aa at boo

●

, #

.●

●

L* 3* C#80 Oootwk 0!aaoos ~lt’tafa

*

i

●

%:k

,

, *!

I

I* *

I

** *?,‘u’”w: “=

iII

II

!

I

I i

i

*9 be ?orOpoatsvo Viou of doatsoli-ba~trouad .m$, $,q mot U@mar.

iIt,

input:to-imar-ouiput off~a~onay of about 200X *O oic-pootodo

A rooont roault mportod by Suohard OC Aoroopotow pat qn t. c~~ oporot~an of m N -Pa laoarwithAU/iaionay. it’h*O SyOt09 WOO ihttd Wth HOubtoh produaod ions pulooo, but ohortar pdoao aouldbo obtatnadit tha Ho uara romovod from tha oyosam.

.~

Of ●ll tho lsaor systomo dtseuosad ham, ~he W8@OOO&nr tOOkOb8y ia tho boat dovahpod, Th-t pouorfua 2000? boo90 imduwd to data Mama ●catm-

pMohodto Hfl:gko hoar Sy=ta=o.Puloaa M dart ●s8 ~- pdo4moaatlds can ba aonomcod and mplsfiod 9 Thomwo2an@h GM1.06 m in tho naar infrared is bettor~gti co ●nd ebaDSo.al bar wvolan~ths, but still ●

~ uo~ fr- aatsh$m tho P20- donolty. TMa UOvo-2#@h do qutca Convoniont fro, tho Stmdpoiat @f@ptaeal ~ts ●d dotottc?rso

A -or dgoadvanta~s of tbJs@a80 laoaro la thsdaoffieSonoyO Ty@oal cfficiancios sra 0,4 to 0.2 por-atmto Tbooo oys&amo●a olao Mmitod by d-g- EO tha2aaOr @aoa ●nd Other aompmwntc, ad by sba difficultyda obtafMt@ 28r&0 ptOO08 of b~h quality sLo09 for2or$or ●prmro Oyotao,

Ybo -t ●~foot of u thooo Oonouoratmto ** thatit 20 UrtUkOly that 8 ltd:@ass loaor till ba Uood *s fuoioa rooaw, at i, poao$blo ~, that ●ah● 2@sor w122 bo uood to oohimm lmokawon and thuspram oaimtific foasib~lity for the hoar fusfon pro-Ooooc At ● Wdt $ m%wst Ovory momtory working intbto UOO do bui~fa# m=a form 0! hi$h ●noF&y, shortpo200 1161*09 aaoo~. 1O’-J ●yatam- -l*@ f’ ● ,~ ,yota

● 2&or,oro to bo oompiotad in 1976,●t RaL to bo on target al mid-ls73, s al&da4w (25-

m) 0= 1- (qg) vg~- ●t -*fis =Z- to ~Mla20hod in W-1973. Prof6000r BMW at t p LobadovMoUtuta hog ● Umm 6004 (2-aoae)●yotoms g ●flckro ●rQ ayst- ●t ho Uatvusit y of Roohootm,d8 PmlwO ●t M90A2,

f8 01# Am Japan?a

I At &o -o ● 9y9t- Ss box built to PW6U80~ J Sn 4 bOaBOBqfh ● W1OO width variahh frmMO paw to 10 no~aa A raduaod output tilS ba wal L-●blo ●t M pooa. Thts oy9tm ta ●hodulod for a~lo-

1tiaa by ma ad 9f 1973.

Tba ●AY stats, of this syato= ●. dwa in Fit.7 and tho eaphto oysta M FiSO 0. Tha oadllatm

id tirst tw ~lsf tws ●rc M: YAOrathu thm slam.- MO s, Uood h tho 090m4toE

Ibaamm it praduoao mart

I

I

.mtoblo 9ado-2ockhg* ~COUOO of ● higher ●ocif iaMio A ● &s@or thuul eomhativity, 19sa -p●argy is roquirod 8s6 louor thamolly induaad strainis obommd. Tt&a rooults in improvod bao8 qualityand tho capability 0~ 8 tastm SspotitSon rst,. TIMW oscillator and asplifiow mu bo ftrsd ● ● rat~ of . ,1 pp. Tho bmia Wdo-loakod pulso m 8 na:YAoO@cll”htor Ss 25 POOO, but Imdwidth-lfmitmp F@wy-Perotctolona an bo iitaartad into tho aavity to pmdueoS8y pulaowtdth Up tO t~ pOQC. #OS 10~S PU1OOS,4 Q-awtcchad Oaaillator ie wad, Imd ?Ockols callouitdtoo ●ss UOOdto rsduca tho puloawidth to vahms●@ OMll 981 naa8, Tho Poabol* Al mdtahaa in Fig,

7 retract ● sia@o pulao frm tha wda-lockad traim,tho Wnglo puloo then botag fad to tho sham of mpli- -fsorm.

Follouins tho tuo YAOamplifiers ●a thras S1-dktsr @am=rod omplifiarss Tho maxtmm ●arsY out-put fra tha rod amplifiara Ss datarmtnad by oalf-foauo-Ans and ~gnoaquant dona~ te tho slam rods. Palf-foauctn$ As ● phanomanonwlwoby the ●lcatria fieldwan$th of tha taaor b-m aauma tha Max @f rtfraa-thn n ot tha mator~al to W ohom$od100011Y, aaaordtqto tho quatmn

(a)

●

,“

II

. . . .

I ii

L(“

t“

Photegrsphof 8 dbka,plifiw 80dUh. Tho-U1O shown contains on. disk and it. flaah-~s. Doubl@ M&A-o,. containing two d$sks●nd thaix flash2amps, ●rt ●lao UOOdt

,

I

/.

i..

h S8 rotated ● ●dditional 4S0 by tho Faraday ulaos,’“amd is now crossed to tha first polarixor and thusra@ct8d, Tlmo systems wwkquito wU, but ●ra notwdthout that= problems. Tky me Iar&o ●nd bulky (bo-oms. of tha ●portutco)~ ●nd roquirc Imge, prectsiorime~~tic flcldo to obtain sood rojaction ratio.. ThmFaraday glazo ●nd tha polsrimro ●. subject to dames.by thm loser baam. In some oasas stacked-plate polar-4**ss must b. umd, dnc@ polarizing crystals ●nd di-.Iactrle fUmo ●re ●bjact to damqs. At Loo Alamo. sFaradsydfmt isolator has producod ● ●xt~nettonratio of 20011 over ●n spsrtur@ of 51 =. Based ontkfsratio, ●ovaral Isolators ●ro raquired as shown in~rmc 8. {

mothor method of taolation i. to uaa part of thoLaaor bwa to .s#ontially rcmow a mirrot from tha pathby blasting it ●ftat tha primary laser PUISQ has

[Paoaad,tg A vfiriant of th38mathod i. to usa ● blast~okuttar which blocks tha return beam.$o

●$ontlf$c breakevcn. Followtng that achievement, thegoal wU1 ba t~ Aow wmomie m! tahicd f@a@bQityEer ● lasw fuaim POWWplant. Whatever tha rmulta,the sesamch into &hes@●rea. promisao to b. meet ~nter-esttng.

Acknowledmento

TIM●uthor wfsheo to ●cknowladgs the ●dvice andeupport of Keith Boyor ●nd Ral?h Cooper. Sp*cial appre-Mation ~e due Joseph Perry for reading tha manuscript●ad for hi. ●upport~ The ftgurw relating to CO laeerewar. courtesy of Charleo Fenetemuacher. FiSur* 8 waecourtoay of Reed Jencen ●nd Paul Robinson.

1.

2,

3.

4,

5,

6,

7.

8,

90

10,

11,

12,

I

M,

14,

19,

Reforenc*9~

K. Boy@r, ‘%as@rPueiont’, Aetronautice ●nd Aoronau-tica> 28 (Jan 1973). ~

L, Wood, J. Bhxkolle, A. Thi@oeen, ●nd G. Zimmerman, , 1

“Tha $uper-!?$ghDeneifiy Appzosch to La.er-ihmtonCTR,g8post-daad$ine paper prtconted at VII Interna-tional QuantumSUectrmtcs Comf,~ Montr@aloCanada.1972,

J, Nuekolls, L, Wood, A. Thleesan ●nd G. Zimmerman,“Laoar Comproeeion of Matter to Super-HtSh Densitieo,ttpqwr J-S, VII International Quantum Electronic.Oonf,,Montroal, CanadaD 1972.

W, B. Thompeon, An Introduction to Fiaema PhYeice,Pmgamon Prose, 1962, pp. U-r

R, P. Godw?a, lrOp%icsl Mechan@mtlm of Laser En9r~y InAdant onRqV, Lett. 2& 8S (1972),

for JMhanced Absorp-Soltd Ta’ruete,‘t Phycc

J. P. ?ra~dberg and B. H. Mardar, ‘%i8h-ProquancyUcctrostatic Plaema Inotab41it4es,” Phys. Rev. ~,1549 (1971)0

P, $(, MU ●d J. M. hawson, Phyn. of Pluids ~ 472(1970) o

J, 8, Clark, %at~er Puloa Shcpoe for I@tion of DT8phesoe,tc Bu:l, Am, Pbyo, Soc~ ~0 1035 (1972).

?, J, B@r~er ●nd D. C. Suith, ‘Was Breakdown h theLaaar as the Ll@tation of Pulccd Hith Praseura C02Lams,” APP1OPhyat Gett.& 171 (1972).

J, V, M@etra, W. M, Ro*8h*lto E. WOIQYD●nd C. A,Fenstmmachar, Wanococend Pules Generation ●t 10.6W,t’ presanted ●t 29th Annual Gsscous UeatroniaaConfermao, London, Ontarto, Oct. 1972~

i

16. J. Sasm@k, Lawr@ne8 Livermo%e Lalmatery, privafxcommicat ion b

27*

M,

i&9,

‘20,

21 ●

22.

I

I1

124e

20,

29,

J. lfcMahono Nav&l Research Laboratory, privatecommication.

G. W, Gobo14, Sandia Laboratory, private communica-tion.

N, G. Basov, 0, M. Krohkin, G. V. Sklizkov, S. I.Fcdotov, ●nd A. S. Shikanov, “Powerful LaserInrntal&tion wtth ● SuccesAve-Parallel SystamofAmplifiers for Plasma Heating,’g JETP, W (1972).

M. Lubln, J, Scums, l?. Goldman, T. Bri.?ow, ●ndW. L@iginE, Wasar ~oatsd Overdonso Plasmas for’Thormonuci.ar, Fuoion,tt p. 433 in Lasar Interaction●nd Related Plaama Phenomena, vol. 20 ad~ by H.$chwarz ●nd il. Hora$ Plenum Prosa, NY, 1972.

F. lUoux, A. Saleres, D. Cwnard$ and J. L. Sobtn,‘Weaticq of Solid Dautortum by ● Poworful L@sotPulea - Production of Nuclear DD Reactions.” pcpar04 of VII Intcrnatlonal Quaxitum Elect, Conf.,Hontroal@ Canada, 1972.

C. Ymanaka, T. Yamanake, K. YoshSda# M. Waki. ILRang, and T, Shimamurs, ‘Wonlhaur Interaction ofbaosr Radiation ●nd Flaama”, paper J8 of VIIIntornat30ne3 Quantum Ill@ct. Conf., Montroal,Canada, 1972. .

D. H. Gill, R. C. W/sro P. l!. Mom, & Il. HcCall,J. ktcLood, J, S. Parry ●nd B. E. Watt, “Lar#ol!diGlass Lmor Systam for Plaama Producttonc’,Bu21~ Am. Phye. Sot. lJ 10S2 (1972).

! I8. L. $hepiro, J. A. CWrdmetna, ●nd K. W. Weht,Wiaulatod Raman●nd Ftillouin $eattorinz WithPicosecond L4ht PUIWA,!? phy~, RCV, btt:~ , ,

109S (1967),

R, E, Kidder, J, 1, Swain. K, Pattipiooa, ?,Ilaincro t. D. Daird and D. Loth, “A Lar8a-Aporturc Disk Laser Syatmttf MM Jo QuantaElaat. OC-4, 377 (1968).

P, Il. klac~ and R. C, Nyar, %* LA8L 51 R D*skAspU~tir,’t Bull. AU. Phyc, 8oQ,~ 10S2 (1972).

C, ?. ?adu& ●nd C. Qilbart Young, %ptiaal Xaola-tion for lM@t-?owor 1006-M4aron Qlam Laser Systams,”1S88 J. QuantumEl@at. Q2-30 493 (1967).

J, kIaLwd,D. H. Qillo D. 8. Watt, “A Lar$a~araday-Xffeat Optiual Iselatar,” tull~ Amo Phyt.2oao ~, 1053 {1972) o

P. J. MallOMAt M. M. Bpatah, G. TO Walters. DO& Appldwmo W. J. 0aUa8hor, ●nd J. Z. D@nnSot‘A New Mthod for Iao2atin8 Q-SwUahed Laacrag”~0 ApPi, ?hYtio ~, 4531 (1971) O

S. D. JonasO 8andia LaboratoryO prWate aamunioa-mn I

. .

● ✎

I

nc

n0

–Solid DT density

/

==9’”s”‘igh’Critical density for ~—.—— ——.——. ———.0)4 of laser

I—--- -—-— —-

1 1I I*x-

Distance ~

1000J C02 Oscillator/Amplifier System

~Modelocked

Isolation Cell (S F6/B C13)Lumonics

PreampStage 1°

stage 2~

Component Area L Gain Pressure Estored (total ) .. f%eafnp iOcm2 150cfn 50 6oomn —

Stage 1 15 cm2 KxIcm [65 600mmStage 2 R cm2

9 Joules100cm 165 600mm 9 Joules

Stage 3 40 cn12 tOOcm 80 1200 mm 40 Joules(loo) (2280) (70]

Stage 4 500cm2 200cm (104) (2280) (1900)

W FILAMENTS1 {

LA I HODESTRUCTURE

.0005 TiVACUUM WIN DOW-

—

200 kV -5p SECACCELERATINGVOLTAGE PULSE

II?

---- ---- —-- ---- -.. ---- ---- ---

---- ------- ----~ - ‘----- ‘------ ‘-”--’ IIK

ELECTRON GUNVACUUM CHAMBER10-7 TORR

MANIFOLD Id

/

EFFECTWE OPTKXUCROSS-SECTION

—ANODE—APPLIED

FIELD4 kv/cM

\PER ATM.

flxw

w

OPTICAL CAVITY

‘\

\

He NZC02 LASER MEDIUM ‘

l-l

..

ELECTRON BEAM CONTROLLEO C02 LASER AMPLIFIER

/+lACUUM CHAMBER

..

\

ELECTRON BEAM CONTROLLED COZ LASER AMPLIFIER

■

●

8=m ■

■ ■

m

m=

●

■●

●

■

I ● m

■

i

■

I-_

● 1:

m

●

m

Nd:YAG mm DYE CELL 10 ~sec BETWEEN

(OSCILLATOR ~ 3~ d~m M2

5mmX76mm~

*PULSESMl R=SO%R= kFAsT

t- ‘+J= 150CM

DETECIUR

24 ARIZER— = 10 nsecc

J-

FMTD—a- A#rLPOCKELS CELLDETECTXR

IImARlz GAP

\

AMPLIFIER R(X)S9.5mmX 75mm POLARIZER “

AIUP I‘UR’ZER KELS CELL ‘p 2

OSCILLATOR, FIRSI’ AMPLIFIERS AND POCKELS CELL SWRWES

,—ONd.YAG-lrNd.Glass-

51

Target

/ 86mm Diem 90 86 51 I#

1400-J “ .Nd: Glass Laser System

PC= Pockels cellFR =Fmday - effect rotator

~ Polarizer-Glan prisms stacked plates,multilayer dielectric

1

,,,,,

a r-f!’

*I

IW,l,

.

Principle of Disc Amplifier*

0

?

m

■

■

■

●

m

\

LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY

MAGNETIC/FIELD mu

//~y/--”/STACKED PLATE L

000000000000

KJLARlzER FARADAYGLASS

A ‘AXIS45°

B AXIS

AXIAL VIEW

STACKED PLATEPOLARIZER

( AXIS ROTATED 45”TO FIRST POL )

SECOND POLARIZER

flRST POLARIZERe

FARADAY EFFECT ISOLATOR