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ICMR-Naonal Centre for Disease Informacs and Research
Profile of Cancer and
Related Factors- Gujarat
2021
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Background
Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) include cardiovascular disease (heart attack and stroke), diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. In India, NCDs' are responsible for 63% of the deaths, among which cancers account for 9% of deaths.[1] Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of the body cells in any part, which can spread to other parts of the body. The normal cells in the body are transformed into tumour cells, resulting from an interaction between an individual's genetic factors and exposure to external agents or 'carcinogens'. Many behavioural and environmental risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, infections, air pollution, are associated with the risk of developing cancer. Close to half of the cancer deaths can be avoided by the prevention and control of risk factors.[2]
In India, the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) has systematically collected data on cancer since 1981. The NCRP is implemented by National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR) of the Indian Council of Medical Research at Bengaluru. Cancer data is collected through a network of population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs).
The Cancer Fact Sheet presents the epidemiological profile and pattern of cancer in Gujarat, based on findings from the ‘Report of National Cancer Registry Programme 2020’. [3] In addition, related information on the socio-demographic profile, health status indicators and health infrastructure is also presented. These have a significant bearing on the occurrence and outcome of cancer. Methodology used in cancer profile description The cancer statistics presented in Section I are described in terms of cancer incidence, cumulative risk, leading sites of cancer and proportion of cancers in sites associated with tobacco use. These indicators are based on data from 2012-16 and calculated for the Population Based Cancer Registry areas (as shown in Section I). Cancer incidence and cumulative risk are defined as-
(i) Cancer incidence
Crude incidence rate: The number of new cancers per 100,000 persons
Age adjusted incidence rate: The incidence rate a population would have if that population had a standard age structure. It is expressed as the number of new cancer cases per 100,000 population using world standard population.
Age specific incidence rate: The number of new cancers per 100,000 persons in a specific age category.
Cancer incidence rates for childhood cancers are expressed as per million.
Gujarat Profile of Cancer and Related Factors
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(ii) Cumulative risk : Cumulative risk (probability that an individual will be diagnosed with cancer [0 to 74 year old age group] in the absence of any competing cause of death and assuming that the current trends prevail over time).
The Clinical Extent of Disease at presentation (%) for cancers of selected anatomical sites has been calculated from the HBCRs in the respective state/UT. However, this may not be representative for the entire state. Projected incidence of cancer cases is given for the state for the year 2020 and 2025 according to gender using incidence data from the composite period of 2012-2016 was used as a reference.
I. CANCER PROFILE
A. DESCRIPTION OF THE NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY PROGRAMME IN GUJARAT
Population Based Cancer Registry- Reports on cancer incidence in a defined geographic area
PBCRs Establishment
Year Location Coverage Area
Area (in Sq.km)
Urban & Rural (%)
Ahmedabad Urban
2007
The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute,
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad Urban
Agglomeration 364 100.0 & 0.0
Ahmedabad Rural
2004
The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute,
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad District (Other
than Ahmedabad Urban PBCR)
7677 26.8 & 73.2
Hospital Based Cancer Registry: Reports on the clinical profile of patients availing of care at a specific hospital
Number of Hospitals: 2 Apollo CBCC Cancer Care Hospital, Gandhinagar
The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad
B. CANCER INCIDENCE AND RISK
Average Annual number of Incidence and rates per 100,000 of all ages
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Age adjusted Incidence rates of childhood cancers per million
Cumulative risk of developing cancer of any site in 0-74 years of age group
Age Specific Incidence Rates (All sites of Cancer)
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C. Leading Cancer Sites
Five Leading Sites of Cancers
Proportion (%) of Cancer Sites associated with the use of tobacco
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D. Clinical Profile
Clinical Extent of Disease at presentation for cancers of selected anatomical sites
Males
Females
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E. Projected incidence of cancer cases for 2025
II. CANCER RELATED INFORMATION
A. Socio-demographic profile [4]
(a) Population Total 6,04,39,692 Males 3,14,91,260 Females 2,89,48,432 Gender Ratio 919
(b) Literacy Rate Total 78.0 % Males 85.8 % Females 69.7 %
B. Health Indicators
(a) Life Expectancy (2016)[5] Males 67.3 years Females 71.5 years
(b) Proportion of total disease burden from NCDs' [5] 56.7 %
(c) Proportion of NCDs' Medically Certified Deaths – Neoplasms[6]
3.2 %
(d) Prevalence of cancer related risk factors
Prevalence of current tobacco use (smoking and/or smokeless)-in adults over 15 years of age[7]
Total 25.1 % Males 38.7 % Females 10.4 %
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Prevalence of alcohol use in males and females (age 15-49 years) [8] Males 5.8 % Females 0.6 %
Proportion of consumption of dark green leafy vegetables at least once a week in males and females from 15 to 49 years of age [8]
Males 89.5 % Females 89.8 %
Proportion of consumption of fruits at least once a week in males and females from 15 to 49 years of age [8]
Males 44.6 % Females 52.3 %
Proportion of households using clean fuel for cooking [8]
66.9 %
Proportion of households reporting exposure to second hand smoke [8]
38.0 %
Proportion of overweight/obesity in males and females (age 15-49 years) [8] Males 19.9 % Females 22.6 %
(e) Prevalence of other NCDs' [8] Hypertension (age 15-49 years) Males 20.3 % Females 20.6 %
Raised random blood glucose level (age 15-49 years) Males 16.9 % Females 15.8 %
C. Health Infrastructure
(a) Government health facilities[9]
Sub-centres + Health and Wellness Centres – Sub
Centres (HWC-SCs)
9166
Primary Health Centres + Health and Wellness
Centres - Primary Health Centres (HWC-PHCs)
1794
Community Health Centres 376
District hospitals 22
(b) Number of medical colleges[10] 30
(c) Regional / Tertiary Cancer Care Centres [11],[12] Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad (RCC*/SCI**)
(d) State Government Health Schemes[13]
Mukhyamantari Amrutam (MA) – Covers surgeries of Cancer Bal Sakha Scheme Rogi Kalyan Samiti
*Regional Cancer Centre **State Cancer Institute
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References: 1. WHO: World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring Health for the SDGs. Geneva,
Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2018 2. WHO. Preventing cancer. Available on: https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-
cancer. 3. Report of National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NCDIR), Bengaluru, India 2020.
https://www.ncdirindia.org/All_Reports/Report_2020/default.aspx 4. Census 2011. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Ministry
of Home Affairs, Government of India. 5. India: Health of the Nation's States — The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative.
New Delhi: ICMR, PHFI, and IHME; 2017. 6. Office of the registrar general, India. Government of India, Report on medical
certification of cause of death 2018 7. Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai and Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, Government of India. Global Adult Tobacco Survey GATS 2 India 2016-17. 8. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. National family Health
Survey (NFHS-5), State Factsheet- Gujarat, 2019-20: India. Mumbai:IIPS 9. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2017. National Family
Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India. Mumbai: IIPS. 10. Government of India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Statistics Division Rural
Health Statistics, 2018-19. 11. National Medical Commission. (www.nmc.org.in) 12. Press Information Bureau (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1576623) 13. National Cancer Control Programme
(https://main.mohfw.gov.in/Organisation/Departments-of-Health-and-Family-Welfare/national-cancer-control-programme)
14. Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Gujarat (https://nrhm.gujarat.gov.in/index1.htm)
Suggested citation:
Profile of cancer and related factors: Gujarat (ICMR-NCDIR), Bengaluru, India 2021
Contact Information The Director, ICMR – National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR Complex, Poojanhalli Road, Off NH-7, Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of KIAL, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru – 562 110, India. Tel: 080 – 2217 6400 | Email : [email protected] https://www.ncdirindia.org/ @ncdirindia
www.ncdirindia.org @ncdirindia ncdirindia
ICMR - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research
II Floor of Nirmal Bhawan, ICMR ComplexPoojanhalli Road, Off NH-7,
Adjacent to Trumpet Flyover of BIALKannamangala Post Bengaluru - 562 110. India.
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