WATER QUALITY OF WADI AL-ZEIMAR

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

DR. ABD ALFATTAH MALLAH

PREPARED BY:

NASSER ABDULLAH ABU MOHSEN

JAREH HASAN

YASMEEN ISLEEM

Introduction

Water quality is a term used to describe the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose.

Many Palestinian city and villages are surrounding this wadi and discharge their wastewater into it. Main cities and villages are Nablus city, Zawata, Beit Eiba, Qusin, Deir Sharaf, Anabta, Nour Shams camp and Tulkarm city.

0 10 Kilometers

Zeimar CatchmentWest Bank Outline

N

Zeimar Catchment

Study Area

Objective This project aims to Make preliminary study of the current situation in

Wadi Al-Zeimar To study the pollution in the Wadi. To assess the self remediation capacity of the

Wadi based on one parameter; dissolved oxygen. To introduce possible wastewater treatment

solutions for reuse.

Outputs of this research are expected to:

Improve the water management of Wadi Al-Zeimar

area.

Improve the environmental and health conditions in

Wadi Al-Zeimar area and surrounding communities.

Increase the agricultural activities by utilizing the

treated wastewater for irrigation.

Build the awareness of farmers to how to utilize

treated wastewater to irrigate their trees and to

avoid using the untreated wastewater.

Literature Review

Sources of Pollution1- point sources :Point sources are defined as localized discharges of contaminants .

2-nonpoint sources: Nonpoint sources of pollution include contaminant sources that are distributed over large areas or a composite of many point sources.

Effect on people and the biodiversity

1-Increase deterioration of public health and the increased spread of

disease.

2-Pollution of natural resources of water, air and soil.

3-No influence of ground water and wells near Wadi Al- Zeimar. According

report from Palestinian water authority.

sources of pollution

Data CollectionDate are collected about the study area of Wadi Al-Zeimar from

Palestinian Bureau of Statistics and data are collected about population and water consumption from municipality of Nablus, Tulkarm and Anabta .

Sampling and Field Measurements

Testing Points Locations

Name of sample Test point

S1 Beit iba

S2 Deir sharaf at WWP

S3 Anbta at omar al-khateb mosque

S4 middle Anbta

S5 before nour shams camp

S6 Nour shams

S7 after Tulkarem

HOW CAN REUSE WASTEWATER OF WADI AL-ZEIMA?

Stabilization Ponds

Waste water stabilization pond technology is one of the most important natural methods for wastewater treatment.

The rate of treatment in WSP is slower than in conventional wastewater treatment, and so hydraulic retention times are longer and measured in days rather than in hours.

Types and functions of WSP Anaerobic Ponds (AP)

Facultative Ponds (FP)

Maturation Ponds (MP)

Anaerobic Pond

They are 2–5 m deep and receive such a high organic loading (usually >100 g BOD/m3 day, equivalent to >3000 kg/ha day for a depth of 3 m) that they contain no dissolved oxygen and no algae

The following design criteria should yield a BOD5 removal of 50% or better (WHO, 1987)

Facultative Ponds

FP are of two types: - primary facultative ponds which receive raw

wastewater (after preliminary treatment)- secondary facultative ponds which receive

settled wastewater (usually the effluent from anaerobic ponds).

- The maturation ponds depth 1-1.8 m , usually 1.5 m

Maturation Ponds The main function of maturation ponds is to

reduce the number of excreted pathogens, principally fecal bacteria and viruses, present in the effluent of FP

BOD and suspended solids are removed only very slowly

For example Design an anaerobic pond to treat the following wastewater after anabt vallage : Q = 401.5 m3/day . Li = 600 mg/l. T = 15°C.

Influent E-

coli/100 ml

Li mg/l D (m) θ (day) A (m2) Qin (m3/d)

Pond

5 x 107

300 3 3 401.5 401.5 AP

4.5 x 105

110 1.5 23 6022 400 FP

3.8 x 104

33 1 10 3902 369.9 MP

BOD = 33 mg/l achieve the palestinan guidelines for effluent

This plant will take approximately total area of 10.3 donum

the number of eggs removal from the scendary facultative pond is less than one this mean the guideline level for restricted irrigation

the E-coli removal > 1000 this mean not ok in this type of treatment (WSP

RESULT

1. Current situation

2. scenario one Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nablus

only No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus BOD = 25mg/l Kr treated waste-water = 0.2 Kr mixed in stream = .35

3. SCENARIO TWO IN YEAR 2020 Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nablus BOD=25mg/l Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Anbta BOD= 35mg/l Kr treated waste-water = 0.2 Kr mixed in stream = .35 No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus and

Anbta.

4. SCENARIO THREE

Waste-water treatment plant at Nablus BOD=25mg/l Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Anbta BOD= 35mg/l Kr treated waste-water = 0.2

Kr mixed in stream = .35 Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nour Shams. BOD= 25mg/l Kr treated waste-water = 0.2

Kr mixed in stream = .35 No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus, Anbta and Nour

Shams.

DO Sag Curve of current situation

DO SAG CURVE OF CURRENT SITUATION AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

DO SAG CURVE OF SITUATION FOR SCENARIO ONE & TWO 2020.

DO SAG OF SITUATION FOR SCENARIO THREE. CURVE

DO SAG CURVE OF FOR SCENARIO ONE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Time (day)

DO

(m

g/l)

WWTP at Nablus only

250C

300C

Deir Sharaf

Anabta Nour Shams

DO SAG CURVE OF FOR SCENARIO TWO AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Time (day)

DO

(m

g/l)

Deir Sharaf

WWTP at AnabtaNour Shams

30 0C

25 0C

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS

From initial values of BOD and DO, wadi al-zeimar cannot be used for irrigation of agricultural area.

Total solids usually come from organic and inorganic matters, but high values are obtained from sample tests so that give indicate about another resources increase values of total solids

Highest value of NBOD obtained from Nablus city then values begin to decrease with the rout due to nitrogen consumption expect location near settlements.

Wastewater doesn’t seepage to ground water near the study area, but remain influence on people life.

Critical situation of wadi al-zeimar are in summer semester .