VTA Vacuum Triode Amplifier Construction by Floyd A. Sweet

Abstract

The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists of two ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is self powered in the preferred configuration and produces in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ power in the form of energy that resembles electricity. This energy is referred to as negative energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity characteristics, negative energy properties, and some of the personalities involved are discussed.

FLOYD SWEET'S VTA UNIT

by Walt Rosenthal

This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a mystery wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient information to build a machine to provide energy that resembles electricity. However, God did not provide solutions to the frustrating string of problems that would surface in converting the idea into a working device. There are several people in this story that have provided help and some who have hindered.

When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was producing a few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in Floyd's device the physical embodiment of a principle he had theorized many years before. Tom had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this elusive energy source. Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase

Conjugate Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy that is thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various researchers through the years have given this energy different names, such as "Zero Point Energy", "Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant Energy", and others.

Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier" or VTA. The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back to the equivalent of a grid which gates or coheres a large amount of energy which appears at the device output terminal as something that resembles electricity! Negative Electricity.

This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert electricity to light, heat, or mechanical work or anything else for which normal electricity is used. The properties of this energy, although superficially resembling the 120 VRMS 60 HZ power we normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an entirely new energy form. It will require careful extended study by a wide range of people in order to document its properties in the manner scientists have done with conventional electricity.

Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states that negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to Bearden, gravity is a repulsive force.

Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in proportion to the amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was carefully documented by Floyd on a kitchen scale. The machine weight was observed decreasing with increased load in a quite orderly fashion until a point was suddenly reached when Floyd heard an immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant whirlwind but without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in another room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the apartment. The experience was very frightening and the experiment has not been repeated.

Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100 watt incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is different, softer, than normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets and coils when powering loads of over a kilowatt become cold and temperatures of 20 degrees Fahrenheit below ambient have been observed. Similar reports of below ambient temperature of energy machine components have been reported by other inventors, such as John Bedini and John R.R. Searl.

When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shortened, first an extremely brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were examined shortly afterward, they were found covered with frost. Unfortunately this also caused the VTA magnet to fracture and the machine ceased operating. In one instance the

machine operation ceased during a local earthquake. The physical shacking was not believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine magnet/coil relative placement or physical shock to the magnet such as a hammer blow might impart. The best speculation is that the machine was affected by the intense electromagnetic pulse known to originate from earthquakes.

Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts appear to correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up to approximately 1 KW; above that value they may indicate zero or some other value not related to the known actual load. Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design formulas relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and any other parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in failures with calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests have been documented.

Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS while the load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to 1000 watts has shown no observable output voltage change, which suggests an extremely low internal equivalent impedance. The 20 gauge magnet wire in the output coils consisting of several hundred turns has significant DC resistance which is not correlated with the unvarying output terminal voltage at different loads. It is speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire or its passage through the copper wire does not generate a voltage drop- a most useful feature when transferring energy from one place to another.

One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced by the output voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or minutes. There also has been spontaneous in- stances of the voltage rising above 120 VRMS as observed by the increased lamp load bank brightness. The volt meters, ammeter, and power meter did not correlate with the brightness change except when the machine would the fail to produce any power.

Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24 hours a day. During a period of time when it appeared to be functioning properly all day long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to the bathroom. As he walked past the room where the VTA was located, he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He measured the voltage at 70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to bed. The next morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120 VRMS and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM. The voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The voltage was normal the entire next day.

A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W. Silvertooth title 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver- tooth describes a dual path laser interferometer experiment that conclusively demonstrated the presence of an ether that flows through our portion of the universe at greater than the speed of

light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo. Floyd's VTA may be orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.

The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite magnets spaced 3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with the output and drive coils in between. The output coils are wound with 20 gage magnet wire. Their axis is parallel to the magnetic lines of force between the two magnets. The two drive (or excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output coil axis. The VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output voltage or a separate sine wave oscillator source.

The "SECRET" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the magnets. This conditioning process determines the output frequency and also prepares the machine for operation. The same machine could be just as well "told" to output 50 HZ or 400 HZ. The conditioning technique is so novel, it is doubtful anyone would ever guess how it is done. Oscilloscope observation of the VTA output voltage waveform shows an apparently perfect sine wave that is not phase locked to the local 60 HZ power line voltage.

The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9 volt battery to the drive coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered mode. The operation is stopped by momentary interruption of power to the power coils.

The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.

Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than contact with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline voltage. Floyd has accidentally had VTA current pass from his thumb to his smallest finger. It appears to freeze the flesh and was extremely painful for at least two weeks.

The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold but will also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom Bearden has coined the term "Gravito Stiction" for this process and has described how he believes it works.

On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth telling. Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help Floyd, stole his note book and promptly asked John Bedini for help in replicating the VTA based on the notebook contents. John recognized the notebook as belonging to Floyd and promptly asked them to leave. However, the notebook was never recovered.

Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some threats face to face. A well dressed gentleman in a expensive suit, tie, hat, and hundred dollar shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk of the street where he lives and

introduced himself as Cecil Brown. He showed him a picture of Floyd inside his apartment. Cecil then told him that he represented a conglomerate that did not want Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further stated that sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and departed. Incidences like this do impart significant concern in Floyd's mind!

One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin, who for many years has provided test equipment, fabrication help, and transportation for Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was needed many times.

Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided living and project expenses and fabrication help when needed.

The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures long time operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the help of enough of the right people this device may change our world and open a new field of physics! This adventure of course is an on going and the final goal of powering the world with the VTA is still a long ways off.

1Vacuum Triode Amplifier by Floyd Sweet

Since April the 30th 1987 Floyd Sweet has had a device to annul our dependence on fossil fuels. Likemost of the R and D principles mentioned in this section, Floyd sweet's device can also be categorized inthe energy suppression section.

Floyd Sweet - Solid-State Magnet Pioneer

"There is suppression launched against any free-energy inventor who succeeds or is very close tosucceeding." - Ret. Lt. Col. Thomas Bearden. The late Floyd "Sparky" Sweet created a breakthroughmagnetic solid-state energy generator. For complex reasons, he did not develop his device into acommercially viable product. However, as a magnetics specialist with a distinguished industrial career,Sweet was not a man whose technical claims could be easily dismissed by critics.

Sweet's story is important for three reasons. First, creditable witnesses saw his invention convert theinvisible energy of space into useable amounts of electric power without fuel, batteries, or connection toan outlet. Second, he was subjected to the same kinds of harassment that the inventors we met in Part Ihad to face, including threats on his life. Third, and most important, Sweet's research has inspired thework of other space-energy inventors, some of whom may well produce a useful stationary-magnetdevice.

FLOYD SWEET AND MAGNETS

Floyd Sweet (1912-1995) grew up in Connecticut, in an era when radios were home-built crystal sets. Atthe age of nine, his intense interest in how things work was directed into building and disassemblingradios and other electrical apparatus, such as a small Tesla coil (see Chapter 2) energized by a Model Tspark plug.

When Sweet was eighteen, a family friend helped him find work at the nearby General Electric plantwhile he went to college. He got the nickname "Sparky" after he Disconnected some wires one day,which resulted in an instrument exploding in a spectacular spray of sparks. Despite this incident, hisemployers were pleased with his work especially his intuitive gift for coming up with answers toelectrical problems.

2Sweet stayed with GE after completing his education. He worked in the company's Schenectady, NewYork, research and development center from 1957 to 1962 a dream job in which he could use a wellequipped laboratory to follow his hunches on intriguing magnetics projects. That line of researchfascinated him. In 1969, he obtained a master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

By the mid-1970s, Sweet and his wife, Rose, had moved to the Los Angeles area to enjoysemiretirement. Besides serving as one of GE's preferred consultants, Sweet designed electric equipmentfor other customers.

Floyd Sweet was more than a professional scientist who worked with magnets. He had a passion formagnetism, and for the concept that the entire universe is permeated with a magnetic field. Once he fullyretired in the early 1980s, he would have happily spent many hours each day building a device that couldtap into the energy of that magnetic field. But Rose fell ill, and was an invalid for the last seven years ofher life. This demanded Floyd's attention and forced him to dip into their savings. He also had to copewith his own ill health, including a period of near blindness. Despite these problems, he worked on hisdevice when not preparing meals and tending to his wife's needs.

SWEET'S VACUUM TRIODE AMPLIFIER: DEFYING CONVENTION

For decades, new-energy researchers talked about the possibility of treating a magnet so that its magneticfield would continuously shake or vibrate. On rare occasions, Sweet saw this effect, called self-oscillation, occur in electric transformers. He felt it could be coaxed into doing something useful, such asproducing energy. Sweet thought that if he could find the precise way to shake or disturb a magnet'sforce field, the field would continue to shake by itself. It would be similar to striking a bell and havingthe bell keep on ringing.

As usual, Sweet-who said his ideas, came to him in dreams turned for inspiration to his expertise inmagnets. He knew magnets could be used to produce electricity, as we learned in Chapter 4, and wantedto see if he could get power out of a magnet by something other than the standard induction process. Thatprocess involves either moving a magnet past a wire coil a coil of conductive wire, such as copper ormoving a coil through the field of a magnet. This changing magnetic field causes an electric current toflow in the copper wire.

What Sweet wanted to do was to keep the magnet still and just shake its magnetic field. This shaking, inturn, would create an electric current. One new-energy researcher compares self-oscillation to a leaf on atree waving in a gentle breeze.

While the breeze itself isn't moving back and forth, it sets the leaf into that kind of motion. Sweet thoughtthat if space energy, discussed in Chapter 4, could be captured to serve as the breeze, then the magneticfield would serve as the leaf. Sweet would just have to supply a small amount of energy to set themagnetic field in motion, and space energy would keep it moving.

By 1985, he had come up with a set of specially conditioned magnets, wound with wires. To test hisdevice, Sweet discharged a current into the wire coil around the magnet. As a result, the coil disturbedthe magnet's field. It was as if Sweet had snapped the magnet's Held out of position to set it in motion.

Sweet then connected a twelve-volt lightbulb the size used in flashlights to the coil. If the device wasproducing electricity, the bulb would light. The results were more than Sweet expected. A surge of powercame out of the coil and there was a bright flash from the bulb which had received so much power that itmelted. Years later, Sweet remembered that Rose had seen the flash and called out, "What did you blowup now?"

3The inventor was baffled by the dazzling flash of light why so much energy ? He returned to hisworkbench to make further models. Needing a theory to explain his startling discovery, he rememberedhearing about Thomas Bearden, retired Army officer and nuclear physicist, and John Bedini, anelectronics expert, on a local radio show. Sweet called Bedini, who arranged for Bearden to visit Sweet.

Bearden saw the curious device pull nearly six watts of electric power out of the air with only a tinyfraction of a watt going into the machine. Bearden ran tests to his heart's content, and was delighted tosee a little unit embodying the unorthodox concepts that he had written about over the years, the conceptsbehind space energy. He called Sweet's assembly of magnets and wire coils the Vacuum TriodeAmplifier (VTA). Bearden decided that the device was serving as a gate through which energy fromspace was being herded into a electric circuit.

The most amazing aspect of Sweet's device was that it put out so much more power than it took in. Howmuch more? In a 1988 model, Sweet found that 330 microwatts 330 one-millionths of a watt of inputpower made it possible for the VTA's wire coils to put out more than 500 watts of usable energy, orabout one and a half million times the input power.

The VTA's Special Effects and Difficult Development

The VTA turned out to have some very odd effects, but Bearden's research background prepared him forthat. So in 1987, Bearden asked Sweet to perform an antigravity experiment. Bearden calcu1ated that thesix-pound machine would levitate when about 1,500 watts of power were drawn out of it, but that themagnets might explode at about the same power level. He warned Sweet to limit the output to no morethan 1,000 watts. A VTA would be placed on a scale so that its weight could be carefully monitoredwhile it was hooked up to a box of light bulb sockets. Screwing bulbs into the sockets would draw off thepower.

About a week later, Sweet excitedly read off results over the phone to Bearden who was home inAlabama as Sweet screwed in ten 100-watt bulbs, one at a time. The device gradually lost weight until itwas down to 90 percent of its original weight. For safety reasons, Sweet and Bearden stopped theexperiment before the device could begin to hover or fly.

Why did the VTA lose weight? According to Bearden's theory, gravity becomes a pushing force ratherthan a pulling force under certain conditions. Bearden also says that space energy has a pressure, referredto as energy density. If the pressure above an object is decreased while the pressure under the object isincreased, the object will be drawn upwards. The VTA may have changed the energy density by drawingon space energy.

The technology could sometimes do spooky things. Walter Rosenthal of California, a test engineer whohas helped many struggling inventors test their devices, recalls an incident that Sweet had told him about.

The incident occurred while Sweet was trying to document his antigravity experiment: "The machine'sweight was observed [to be] decreasing with an increased load [of lighibulbs], in a quiet orderly fashion,until a point was suddenly reached when Floyd heard an immense sound, as if he were at the center of agiant whirlwind but without actual air movement. The sound was heard by Rose in another room of theirapartment and by others outside the apartment."

This experience has been confirmed by a Canadian space-energy researcher, who heard a similarwhirlwind sound during one of his experiments. Another unusual effect of Sweet's VTA was the fact thatit produced cold, instead of the heat usually generated by electric equipment. The inside of the VTA wasas much as twenty degrees cooler than the surrounding air. The greater the load put on the device, thecooler it became. When VTA wires were accidentally shorted out, they flashed with a brilliant burst oflight, and were found to be covered with frost.

4One time, a brief contact with the equipment froze some of Sweet's flesh, causing him pain for ab outtwo weeks afterward.Sweet discovered other interesting effects. But development of the VTA wasslowed by trouble with materials and processes, and by financial entanglements. Sweet had to findmagnets that could hold the self-oscillation effect. That required magnets with force fields that didn'tvary much across the face of the magnet.

Also, standard mathematical calculations didn't work with the VTA. In 1991, Sweet produced a maththeory for the VTA an engineering design model that showed how factors such as the number of turns ofwire in the coils affected the device's behavior. Producing this theory was an important step. Without it,other researchers would not reproduce Sweet's work.

Sometimes it was difficult for Sweet to reproduce his own work. As with first models of any newtechnology, the VTAs he built were very unreliable. For example, at times their output went down atnight and picked up again during the day. Sometimes, they just plain stopped working for no apparentreason. But when the VTA worked, the power it put out for its size was unprecedented.

Sweet Challenges the Laws of Physics

Bearden contributed to the theory that explained Sweet's invention. Much of the theory that Bearden usedto explain how the VTA worked came from advances in the field of phase conjugate optics, a specializedstudy of light used by laser scientists and weapons researchers. Using information from this field,Bearden said that the VTA was able to amplify the space energy it took in.

The science establishment requires that an invention be explained by accepted laws of physics, and somuch output from so little input seems to violate those laws, which do not allow for such a thing.However, Sweet and Bearden recognized that these laws apply to ordinary, or closed systems, systems inwhich you cannot get more energy out than what you put in. Because the VTA allowed energy to flow infrom the vacuum of space, it was not operating in a closed system, but in an open one. (See Chapter 1 fora discussion of closed versus open systems.) A VTA operating in the flow of space energy is like awindmill operating in the wind.

Both receive excess energy from an outside source. But since neither operates m a closed system, neitherviolates the laws of physics. In 1991, a paper by Sweet and Bearden was read at a formal gathering ofconventional engineers and physicists in Boston. Neither Bearden nor Sweet were able to attend Beardenwas called away on business, and Sweet was recuperating from heart surgery. Walter Rosenthal wentinstead.

The paper said that the VTA had the signs of being a true negentropy device, or a device that was able toturn random space energy into usable electricity (see Chapter 4). How did this work? It helps to think ofa handful of marbles on a tabletop. You can either roll them all in one direction, or you can scatter themin all directions. If you scatter the marbles into a reflector, the reflector will roll them back to you in anorderly fashion. Although the language they used was quite technical, what Sweet and Bearden basicallysaid is that the VTA was able to take energy "marbles" and keep rolling them back and forth, buildingenergy as they went along.

After Bearden's paper was read, Walter Rosenthal stood up and startled the audience of skepticalengineers: "I have personally seen Floyd Sweet's machine operating. It was running those small motorsyou saw in the video. It was jump-started with a ninevolt battery. There was no other electrical inputrequired... There was no connection to the power line whatsoever." And, no, there were no movingparts. Although most of the audience listened politely, it was too much for one engineering professor. Hestalked out of the room, saying, "To present such a remark at an engineering conference is the height ofirresponsibility! It violates virtually every conceivable concept known to engineers."

5SWEET IS THREATENED

Could activity at the Sweet home been secretly watched by strangers? Sweet told the story of a time inthe late 1980s when a man accosted him as Sweet was leaving a supermarket. Sweet remembered theman's expensive-looking shoes, and the fact that he was immaculately dressed. But in the stress of themoment, Sweet couldn't focus on much else.

What made the inventor nervous was the photograph that the man held, a photograph showing Sweet atwork on his tabletop-model VTA in the supposed privacy of Sweet's own home. In what Sweet said wasa remarkably clear photo, he was sitting in the dining room on the second story of the apartment buildingwhere he lived with Rose.

"He walked me all the way to my building, telling me what would happen to me if I didn't stop myresearch," Sweet recalled. "How they took that picture through my window, I'll never know." As Sweetremembered it, the man claimed to be connected with a conglomerate that did not want the VTA to comeonto the market at that time. He told Sweet, "It is not beyond possibilities to take you out of the way."

Sweet said that afterward he called the FBI in Los Angeles. He believed that two agents staked out hishouse for a couple of weeks, but that nothing came of it. Around the time of the photo incident, Sweetwas getting telephone calls and death threats from strangers. He said there were "people calling at allhours. The police put a tap on my line and over a six-month period, over 480 calls came in from all partsof the United States. But they were from pay stations." Thus, the police could never find the callers.

Early in the VTA's development, someone broke into Sweet's apartment and stole his notes. He thenbegan to code his notes. Sweet temporarily stopped work on his invention, out of concern for his ill wife."They must have known I stopped; they didn't torment me any more."

FOLLOWING IN SWEET'S FOOTSTEPS

On July 5, 1995, Floyd Sweet suffered a fatal heart attack at the age of eighty-three. A couple of weeksbefore his death, Sweet said that the automotive industry was testing his power unit for use in cars, andthat they had a unit running for 5,000 hours. He said he was dealing with people at General Motors, butno one has been able to confirm Sweet's claims.

The VTA itself is bogged down in legal problems. But Tom Bearden, who put much of his own time andmoney into the project, hopes that the VTA can be resurrected so that the world will realize what apioneer Floyd Sweet was. And despite the confusion surrounding Sweet's affairs at the time of his death,other researchers are continuing this line of research.

Confusion and Secrecy

The automotive industry may not have been the only potential investor that Sweet was dealing with. Atthe time of his death, there was some confusion concerning the rights to Sweet's hardware and papers,held by Sweet's second wife, Violet. Bearden says that Sweet signed a number of agreements with anumber of backers, and that some of these people have claimed rights to the invention. At least two ofthese investors say they want Sweet's laboratory equipment, inventions, and technical papers to go into aproposed Floyd Sweet Museum so that other researchers could study the technology. Walter Rosenthal istrying to help all parties work towards an agreement.

6Despite Bearden's urging, Sweet never had the VTA certified by independent testing. "He feared that hislife would be snuffed out immediately if he even attempted such a thing," Bearden says. Sweet alsofrustrated his fellow researchers by keeping secret his most important process how he conditioned themagnets that are at the heart of the VTA. Did he pump the magnets with powerful electromagnetic pulsesto shake up their internal structure? He refused to give details, and said it wasn't likely that otherresearchers would learn his secrets: "The odds against them finding out is like trying to open a safe with100 dials set from zero to a hundred, without knowing the combination."

Sweet not only feared for his life, but once said he feared that if he described how he made his devicework, unscrupulous people would build models without giving him his due. He was also concerned aboutwhat would happen if the VTA was widely sold everywhere at once, replacing many other electricdevices. "If it all came out at once, the stock market would collapses'' he said. "The government doesn'twant it." To be fair to Sweet, I would point out that he is not the only inventor who has beenuncomfortable in disclosing key aspects of his work.

Other Researchers and the VTA

Other inventors are trying to carry on Sweet's work. The VTA is well-known on computer bulletinboards that list "free energy" as a topic of discussion. Experimenters scramble for details of how thedevice was built.

One researcher who has claimed some success is Don Watson, a self-educated inventor from Texas.Watson says he has built a working device similar to Sweet's VTA, which he works on at night afterworking during the day as a telephone systems installer.

In Somerset, England, electronics expert Michael Watson (no relation to Don) built a replica of Sweet'sVTA, but claimed no success in the experiment. Despite that, he says, "In my opinion the inventor of theVTA, Floyd Sweet, has made a scientific discovery of [the] greatest importance."

Watson thinks that attempts to reproduce Sweet's results may run into problems because the type ofmagnets Sweet used are no longer available. But he says, "The important point about the VTA is that aform of magnetic instability exists that can act as a significant energy source."

When this fledgling space-energy science reaches maturity, what could the VTA do for the lives of therest of us? Bearden speculates that the new physics will change our lives in undreamed-of ways:

"By mastering, controlling, and gating the vast, incredible energy of the seething vacuum [of space], wecan power our automobiles, flying machines, and technology inexhaustibly. Further, it can be doneabsolutely cleanly; there are no noxious chemical pollutants.

With practical antigravity, ships can be developed to cross the solar system as readily as one crosses theocean today.... The inexhaustible vacuum fills every system, everywhere, to overflowing."

Despite the difficulties that Sweet ran into in his attempts to perfect his invention, he helped science takea leap into the future. It perhaps could have leaped further if he had cooperated more freely with otherresearchers in the last decade of his life, and if he had been tidier in his business dealings. But SparkySweet deserves praise for charting a new course.

Many engineers possess the capacity to ressurect this technology, and it is Panacea's goal to assimilateall into a resourced backed environment in the Panacea proposed granted research and developmentcenter to study and perfect Floyd sweets technology.

Vacuum Triode Amplifier Drawing and Schema

The Dynamics of Orthogonal Coil Conditioning of VTA Magnets 1

The Dynamics of Orthogonal Coil Conditioning of VTA Magnets

By Barry Beasley:

September 2001

In an attempt to ease the task of replicating the VTA work of the late Floyd Sweet, I decided thatas a first step, a better understanding of the dynamics of the orthogonal conditioning processwas desirable.

The PastTo begin to understand the thought processes employed by the late Floyd Sweet, it isnecessary to review the past, in particular the area of magnetics research carried out over last40 years or so, in related subjects.

Transductors (Variable Inductors)Transductors are generally considered to be a forgotten technology. The general concept issimple, namely the means of altering the inductance of a cored coil and therefore the ability ofthe magnetic material to support flux, by virtue of DC bias field applied either to a parallel ororthogonal winding.

This is how transductors operate..

For that portion of the material whose magnetic poles are parallel with the DC bias field, the fluxmoves along the hysteresis curve towards saturation. As the flux approaches saturation, thepermeability of the material decreases but the AC component of the flux becomes non-symmetrical, which is how saturable cores are used for frequency multipliers.For that portion of the material whose magnetic poles are 90 degrees to the DC bias field, thepoles become progressively saturated, causing the hysteresis curve to shear, or rather flatten,which causes the permeability to decrease. The AC component of the flux remains symmetrical.

Some Transductor Terms

Incremental Current:The DC bias current flowing through the inductor which causes an inductance drop of 5% fromthe initial zero DC bias inductance value. This current level indicates where the inductance canbe expected to drop significantly if the DC bias current is increased further. This applies mostlyto ferrite cores in lieu of powdered iron. Powdered iron cores exhibit "soft" saturationcharacteristics. This means their inductance drop from higher DC levels is much more gradualthan ferrite cores. The rate at which the inductance will drop is also a function of the core shape,i.e. air gap.

Saturation Current:The DC bias current flowing through the inductor which causes the inductance to drop by aspecified amount from the initial zero DC bias inductance value. Common specified inductancedrop percentages include 10% and 20%. It is useful to use the 10% inductance drop value forferrite cores and 20% for powdered iron cores in energy storage applications.The cause of the inductance to drop due to the DC bias current is related to the magneticproperties of the core. The core, and some of the space around the core, can only store a givenamount of magnetic ~ density. Beyond the maximum flux density point, the permeability of thecore is reduced. Thus, the inductance is caused to drop. Core saturation does not apply to 'air-core' inductors.


Normal Permeability:The ratio of the normal induction to the corresponding magnetizing force.In the cgs system, the flux density in a vacuum is numerically equal to the magnetizing forceand, consequently, the magnetic permeability is numerically equal to the ratio of the flux densityto the magnetizing force. Thus:= B/HNote: In a non-isotropic (anisotropic) medium the permeability is a function of the orientation ofthe medium, since, in general, the magnetizing force and the magnetic flux are not parallel.

Incremental Permeability:The ratio of change in magnetic flux density to change in magnetic field (magnetizing force).minc = (1/o)DB/DH in MKSA unitsminc = DB/DH in CGS unitsThe magnetic field variations are small or incremental and can be in addition to a steady (DC)bias field. For magnetic powder core data, permeability is incremental permeability unlessotherwise noted. Because of the distributed air gap in powder cores, the initial permeability andincremental permeability, without bias, are essentially the same.

With small parallel bias, minc decreases with increasing orthogonal bias. At higher parallel bias,minc increases from an initial value to a peak value and then decreases. Behaviour of magneticmaterial under an AC exciting field while simultaneously under the action of a DC bias field maybe mathematically modelled.

In this the permeability along the direction of the field Ha is:

m m( , ) ( )H H Ha aH

Ha

0

0

2

0

1

=

+

,

where Ho is the orthogonal field strength and Ha is the applied field strength along the directionthat is measured.

Initial Permeability:The limit of incremental permeability as a changing unbiased magnetizing force approacheszero. Note: Because of the distributed gap in powder cores, the initial permeability andincremental permeability without bias are essentially the same.

Orthogonal magnetization in soft magnetic material:

Some of the effects of orthogonal magnetization in soft magnetic material are described in theU.S. patent No 4,210,859 titled Inductive Device Having Orthogonal Windings, Meretsky et alJuly 1, 1980.

I decided to replicate one of the hardware configurations necessary to observe the effectsdescribed in the above mentioned patent. A design utilising a ferrite pot core was chosen forease of manufacture and repeatability, the main aim being to achieve flux levels that wouldpartially saturate the core material, so better to observe the changes of permeability whenorthogonal fields were applied.


Fig 1. Pot Core With Two Sets of Orthogonal Windings

Fig1 shows a 30mm diameter pot core, wound with two sets of windings on the enclosedbobbin, designated B windings and two sets of windings at 90 degrees though the center holeand around the outside of the core designated A windings. During all of the tests the appliedsignal is 40V Pk-Pk @20KHz (approx), unless otherwise noted. Input and output windingsconsist of 30 turns 1mm wire. In the initial setup, DC is applied to both orthogonal windings fromtwo isolated and de-coupled sources. As the DC windings have only 30 turns of 1mm wire, toachieve partial saturation, 2A was applied. With more turns on the winding, current could bereduced. DC has to be applied to both orthogonal windings for any appreciable coupling of theinput signal to the output. Typically electrostatic coupling is less than 2%.

Fig 2. Test Set-Up

Fig 2 shows the test set-up. The DC to each orthogonal winding is supplied via two 22 ohmcurrent limiting resistors mounted on the large heat-sink. The DC lines are also de-coupled withinductors at the respective power supplies, to ensure that any AC signal that may be present onthe windings, is not cross coupled in any way. The input B winding and output A windingamplitudes are monitored on the scope.


Fig 3. No A & No B DC Field. 40Vp-p In 20mVp-p Out

Fig 3 shows the small amplitude residual electrostatic coupling present between the orthogonalinput (top trace) and output (bottom trace) windings.

Fig 4. Plus A & No B DC Field. 40Vp-p In 20mVp-p Out

Fig 4 shows only a very small amplitude signal at the output (bottom trace), with only the A DCfield (60A/T) present.

Fig 5. No A & Plus B DC Field. 40Vp-p In 500mVp-p Out


Fig 5 shows a slightly larger but still small amplitude signal at the output (bottom trace), withonly the B DC field (60A/T) present.

Fig 6. Plus A & Plus B DC Field. 40Vp-p In 38Vp-p Out

Fig 6 shows the coupling of almost all the input signal (top trace) to the output winding (bottomtrace), when both A & B fields (60A/T) are applied. This is quite remarkable and appears tocontradict conventional theory that orthogonal fields do not couple. Most engineers arenot aware of the Meretsky patent and I have found that those that I have directed towards thepatent, are noticeably silent after reading it.The output level is proportional to the DC bias through both A and B windings, although theB winding has greater amplitude control for the same range of DC.

Fig 7. Plus B DC field, A Field Provided by Permanent Magnets

Fig 7 shows 500mV of output from the A winding, with the A field provided by externalmagnets (bottom trace). In this case because of the construction of the pot core, it is notpossible to apply the flux from the magnets into the circular A winding plane, however enoughflux was coupled in a radial direction to illustrate that permanent magnets could provide thebiasing field substituting the DC field supplied via the orthogonal coils. The distortion to thewave form is caused by the uneven distribution of flux from the magnet.


Fig 8. 2KHz Half Sine Wave Coupled to Orthogonal Coil

Fig 8 shows a half sine wave applied to a B winding (top trace). It is not necessary to apply DCbias to the second B winding, because as the half sine wave only traverses the 1st & 2nd

quadrants, the signal effectively provides its own bias to allow the half sine wave to couple tothe A winding. The second A winding still needs a DC bias to allow coupling. Note that thesignal induced in the A winding is in anti-phase (bottom trace).

If a second half sine wave is applied to an A winding, once again with no DC bias on thesecond A winding, this signal is also cross-coupled to the B winding. If the A & B windingshave the same polarity then the signal undergoes partial cancellation due to both cross coupledcomponents being anti-phase to the applied signal. If one winding polarity is reversed then thesignal is reinforced as then the cross-coupled components will be in phase with the appliedsignal.

Due to the architecture of the pot core, it is not possible to apply a third orthogonal fieldhowever, from the data presented in the Meretsky patent, it is clear that a block core will supportthree orthogonal fields, and a the third field may be used to modulate the other two, assuming aDC bias field is present in the third plane.

Conclusion:Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to couple signals between orthogonal coils asdemonstrated in this document. The exact mechanism of coupling is still unknown, but it is likelyto be a second order effect i.e. permeability modulation. The next logical step is to try and verifyif any of the effects observable in soft magnetic material described above , were observable inhard magnetic material. In the meantime, some postulation follows..

Orthogonal magnetization in hard (permanent) magnetic material:Anisotropy:In a non-isotropic (anisotropic) permanent magnetic materials the permeability is a function ofthe orientation of the material, therefore resistance to magnetization in directions orthogonal tothe easy axis may be extremely high. For example, the coercive force required to completelymagnetize a particular ceramic ferrite in the preferred direction is about 10,000 G. The samematerial when exposed to a field of 20,000 G in an orthogonal direction may not effect it at alland some materials reportedly require 100,000 G to magnetize it in that direction.It is postulated that this changes when simultaneous magnetization of the material in two orthree orthogonal planes occurs. The applied magnetizing force in one plane alters thepermeability of the magnetic material in the orthogonal planes, therefore when a magnetizing


force is applied to two orthogonal planes, the flux levels generated are much higher in eachplane respectively, for a given magnetizing force, compared to the same magnetizing forceapplied in one plane. The ferrite pot core setup demonstrates that the two applied half sinewaves add constructively if the phase of one winding is reversed.

In the case of a block anisotropic magnet that is magnetized through the easy axis, theremanence provides the bias field, required for the 60Hz sine wave to modulate the twoorthogonal planes which at the same time have magnetizing pulses (half sine waves) appliedvia coils.

It is postulated that permeability of the other two planes is modulated during the magnetizationpulse period, by the 60Hz sine wave. Timing is important because the conditions where allthree fields couple, is only present during the magnetization pulse period, after which the biasfield provided by the remanence in the anisotropic plane disappears or is highly modified by theorthogonal magnetization. A full cycle of the 60Hz sine wave has to be completed during themagnetization pulse, as this is the only time it can influence the orthogonal fields. Sweet foundthat the 60Hz sine wave peak (voltage) or zero crossing (current), has to coincide with the startof the magnetizing pulse. The application of the three signals simultaneously, allows theformation of a highly stressed three dimensional domain pattern related to the 60Hz signalapplied waveform.It is this pattern that we know can be stimulated by a small external tickler signal at theprogrammed frequency, to produce large flux variations external to the magnetic block. This isthe point at which over unity becomes possible.

I hope this document will prove to be stimulating and help sponsor further activity within thegroup. I believe the research now needs to be extended to determine why and how certainmagnetic materials will support domain patterns.

FloydSweetsSpaceQuantaModulatorbyChrisSykeshyiq.org

SomefactsareknownabouttheSpaceQuantaModulatororbetterknownasFloydSweetsVTA(VacuumTriodeAmplifier).TheVTAhasbeenhiddenbehindamyriadofliesanddeceptionwithonestoryvaryingfromtheotherandsometimesvaryingconsiderablybetweentheinvolvedparties.Thismakesthestudyofadevicelikethisnearlyimpossibleifoneweretogoonthestoriestoldbythoseindividualsalone.WeatherthosepartieswereknowinglytellingMissTruthsisunlikely.Iftheydid,itwaspossiblytoprotecttheirlovedones.TheVTA,ofFloydSparkySweethasbeen,forthelast100+years,withoutadoubt,thebestknownandbestdocumentedFreeEnergyMachinetothisday.ThankstotheadventofVideoFootageanddetectiveworkagreatdealofinformationcanbecompiled.

PermanentMagnetConditioningLetsdiscussPermanentMagnetConditioning,wheretheFieldofthePermanentMagnetiscontinuouslywavinganddoingwork.Thisisthefree,noinputPermanentMagnet"Conditioning"talkedaboutintheoriginalreportsoftheVTA.ItisverylikelythatPermanentMagnetConditioningisFalse.FloyddidNOTconditionhisPermanentMagnetstomaketheVTAwork,asmentionedabove.Itissimplynottrueatall.ForanyonethatstillbelievesthatPermanentMagnetConditioningwastheAchillesHealofthisdevice,youshouldstopreadingthispapernowandgobacktowhatyouweredoing....Thesepeoplewillnothavestudiedthefactscloselyenoughtoseethroughthemistofliesanddeceptiontoseethetruthevenifitdidlierightbeforetheireyes.FortheSceptics,letsreallythinkhardaboutthis,thinkofthePermanentMagnetsFluxandtheFluxpaths.IfPermanentMagnetConditioningweretrue(imaginejustforaminute),theonlypossiblemovementsofMagneticfluxwillbe90degreestotheoriginatingaxis,thiswillonlyhindertheirverymovementsandthemovementswouldstopentirelyduetotheforcesinvolved.EG:BreakingoftheFieldLinesbetweenthetwoPermanentMagnets.Remembertheseareopposingpoles(NorthfacingSouthinattractionmode)andthePermanentMagnetsFluxfromeachPermanentMagnetmustmoveinoppositedirections.ThereisnoevidencetheyweremagicallyConditioned.InFact,theoppositeistrue,thereismoreevidencethatthePermanentMagnetswerenot"Conditioned"intheabovementionedwayatall.It

isveryeasytodestroythefieldofaPermanentMagnetiftheMagneticFieldBisbangedaroundbyCapacitorPulses.Experiment,taketwomagnets,NorthandSouthPolesfacing,andholdthem2inchesapart.Rollonemagnettotheleft(90Degreesfromtheoriginatingaxis)asifthereisahingeinthemiddleoftheMagnetandthendothesamewiththeothermagnet,butintheoppositedirection(opposed90Degrees)sothefluxhasseparated.NoticethebigforcesinvolvedinseparatingtheseMagnetsevenatthisdistance.ForthePermanentMagnetsFluxtobemovingfreelyinthisconfigurationisabsurdandimpossible.TheFluxAttractionisfartostrongforthistohappeninthisconfiguration.

CapacitiveDischargesincloseproximitytoaPermanentMagnet.WeknowFloydDidlookatchangingtheFieldofaPermanentMagnet,thereisstrongevidenceforthiseverywherewelook.ThismayormaynothavebeentosetthePermanentMagnetsoftheVTAinanysortofstate.ThiscouldbeanentirelyseparatesideprojectofFloydsandnothingtodowiththeVTA.ToDischargeaCapacitivePulseintoalowresistancecoilcan,anddoes,modifytheMagneticfieldifthepulseisstrongenough.Thisiswellknown.Astrongpossibilityis,ifFloyddiduseCapacitivepulsesinthe"Building"oftheVTA,thenitwaslikelytoknockthefieldoffcentre.Toshiftthe"Equator"orBlochWallofthePermanentMagnetsoitwasoffsettothePermanentMagnetbyadegreeoff0Degrees.IftheFluxSweepingPrincipalwasusedandnottheFluxShiftingPrincipalthenthisprocedurewouldmakesense.IfMagneticFluxweretosweepacrosstheCoilsinbetweenthePermanentMagnetsthenthesweepmustcomefromanangleotherthan0Degrees.ThisisquiteagoodpossibilityinthelaterGeometry'softheVTAprogressionasthecoilsat90DegreeswouldaidinthemovementoftheFlux.Itisimportanttonote:IftheFluxSweepingprincipalwasusedthenthereissupportingevidencethatnoCoreMaterialwasused,supportingWalterRosenthal'scommentsbelow.

KnownandProvableFacts:

1. NumberOneandmostimportant,theGeometry.Fig1KnownGeometryoftheVTA.

Thegeometryisclearlyseenhere.IfthePermanentMagnetsFluxweremoving,therewouldbenoonoroff,ifwouldalwaysbeON.OnlyahardSwitchcouldturntheVTAonoroff.TheGeometryislinkedtotheSchematicinFig2.Theauthenticityofthisschematichasnotbeenvalidated.Allsourcesdenyitsvalidity.WalterRosenthalreleasedthesecondSchematicinFig3thatcloselyresemblesFig2.Fig2PossibleSchematic.

Fig3SchematicbyWalterRosenthal.

2. TheFactthatFloydwasabletostarttheVTAwithonlyaflickoftheswitchbytheHP201CROscillatorisimportant.TheR(inHP201CR)standsforRackMount.201Ccameintwomodels,StandaloneandRackMount.TheOscillator,whenswitchedon,couldonlyhavedelivered,threeWatts,possiblyabitmoreintheonpulse,maybeuptofiveWatts.Thisisimportanttokeepinmindwhenlookingintoallthefacts.ItisalsosupportiveofstartingtheVTAwithaBattery.(Thisisspeculationlistedinthespeculationsection).TheFollowingPictureisoftheHP201CbutisnottheRackMountVersion.(Pleasenote,thesemodelsarethesameexceptfortheenclosure.)

Fig4TheHP201COscillator:

3. IntheVideo,FloydSweetsSecrets,publishedandforSaleontheTomBeardenWebSite,itisseenthattheVTAwasstartedandwasrunningat62Hz.Afewsecondslater,andafterthecamerapannedandashadowwasseeninthebackground,theVTAwasthenrunningat60Hz.ThissupportsthespeculationthattheVTAcouldberunat60or400Hz.

4. FloydhadatleastfiveversionsoftheVTAbeforehediedonJuly5th,1995atageof83yearsold,ofaheartattack.HereIlisttheVersionsthatIknowofintheorderIbelievetheywerebuilt.Fig5Early6WattVTA.(NoticetheSpongeundertheVTAwhichmusthavebeenanoiseDampeningSponge).TheWaveGeneratorisaSquareWaveGenerator.ModelHP211A.

Fig6Generation2(500WattFairlyWelldocumentedversion)

Fig7Generation3(BatterycanbeseenhereindicatingthataBatterymayhavebeenusedtostarttheVTA).

Fig8Generation4(LikelytobeoneoftheSelfPoweredVersionsPossibly1000Watt)

Fig9Generation5(LikelytobeoneoftheSelfPoweredVersionsPossibly5000Watt)

Seenclearlyinthelastseveralversionsisthebasicgeometry.Floydstuckwiththisgeometryinthelaterversionsofthedevice.Itcanonlybespeculatedintheearlydevicesthatthegeometrywasthesameorsimilar.5. PermanentMagnetswereusedintheDevice.InallversionsexceptGeneration1,the6Watt

Model,FloydhadpermanentMagnetsonetopandoneonthebottom.IthasbeenwritteninseveralplacesthatthePermanentMagnetswereBariumFerrite,withthedimensionsof4x6x1.InmanycasestheMagnetsdidlooktobebiggerinlengthandwidthbutthinner.Icouldgoasfartosaymorelike6x8x.IntheAbovePicture,wherearulerissittingbesidetheVTA,iftherulerwasa30cmrulerthentheMagnetwouldbeapproximately200mmlong.Itshardtosayforsurethough.WejustknowtheMagnetswereused.

6. Weknowtheapproximatedimensionsandshapeofthestructure.Thispartisobviousbutalsoimportant.

7. WeknowtherewereWirescomingfromthedevice.InmanycasesthereweremoreWiresthanonewouldgenerallyexpecthowever.Fig10WiresfromtheVTA.

OnemayexpecttwoorevenfourWirescomingoutofaDevicelikethisbutthereappearstobeuptosevenwirescomingoutofthedevicehereinthispicture.Whysomany?

8. Ibelievethisisalsoveryimportant,theremusthavebeensomesortofMagneticFluxMovement.FloydtalksabouttheMotionallyInducedEFieldinhispaper,NothingIsSomething.IttookmealongtimetoworkoutwhattheMotionallyInducedEFieldwasandhowitwassodifferentfromconventionalunderstandingofwhatwasreallyhappening.Itturnsoutitisverysimple.AtransformerhasamotionalEFieldwiththevarying(IncreasingandDecreasingMagneticFieldofthePrimarywinding)theToroidalTransformerhasthesameMotionalEField,thisispointedoutintheabovementionedPaperalso.AnyMagneticFieldBthatmoveswithrespecttotimehasanassociatedEField,orabetterwaytoputthisisthataMovingBField,createsanEField.Thefollowinglinkexplainsthisverywell.http://www.hyiq.org/Library/Downloads/GeorgeI.CohnElectromagneticInduction.pdfThebestwaytoseetheseeffectsinoperationisintheFluxGateMagnetometer.WeinduceamovementintheExternalMagneticFieldB,themovementofthisfieldgivesusanElectricaloutputassociatedwiththestrengthofthisfield.TheFluxGateMagnetometerhasbeenaroundforoverahundredYears.ThestandardFluxGateMagnetometerisnotanoverunitymachine.ItisuncannythattheVTAandFluxGateCompasshavealotincommon.

9. TheoutputfromtheVTAwasasinewave,60Hzandat120vrms.

ReasonableSpeculations.

VTASpeculationscouldgoonforalongtime,justthebestoneswillbediscussedhere.Speculationsthatcanbetiedbacktosomehardevidenceliketheevidenceabove.

1. IbelieveoneofthemostimportantspeculationsistheonebyWaltRosenthal:TheVTA"likes"toalwaysseeaminimumloadof25watts.Letsaskourselveswhythiswouldbe,butfirstletsseespeculation2.

2. AlsofromWaltRosenthal:TheVTAcanbestartedbymomentaryconnectionofa9voltbatterytothedrivecoilswhenthemachineisoperatedintheselfpoweredmode.Theoperationisstoppedbymomentaryinterruptionofpowertothepowercoils.Thishelpsusunderstandwhyspeculationonemaybesoimportant.

3. ItiswellknownthatFloydSweetwasaTransformerExpert.Sweetsawthiseffect,calledselfoscillation,occurinelectrictransformers.Ok,hesawthiseffecthappen?Thissoundslikeaveryinterestingeffectandonethatwouldbeverybeneficialtoknowabout.

4. OutputfromtheVTAwasNegativeEnergyandpositiveenergymixed.InTomBeardensreport,hesaysyoucanthaveNegativeandPositiveEnergyrunningonthesametransmissionlineastheycanceleachotherout.InWaltRosenthalsreporthesaysitwasamix.OnlyExperimentcanproveordisprovethis.

5. FluxMovementinthedesiredconfiguration.WeknowwehavesomethingthatisnotinthestandardrangeofFaradayssetofequations.Sohowandwhatneedstobedonetogetthiseffect.Verylittleisknownaboutthisphenomenabutwedoknowothershavedoneitbeforealso.LesterJHendershotisthebestexampleofGeometryandoutputwiththesimilartypesofsituationsbeingmet.WecanspeculateherethattheBFieldmaybemovinginoneoftwoways.EitherlikeHendershotdid,atypeofselfoscillatingtransformereffect,EG:FloydwasmovingFluxinaCorematerialthustheMotionallyInducedEFieldviaFluxShifting,ortherewasFluxSweepingeffectacrossthecoilswhichwillalsoseethesameMotionallyInducedEField.Wecantryexperimentstoseewhatdoesseemtogiveusthebesteffects.1:Takeacoil,nocore,around200turns,nowtietheendstogetherandshortthecoilentirely,takeabigNeoMagnetandsweeptheMagnetPastthestationarycoil,insuringyouarestillholdingbothPermanentMagnetandtheShortedCoil.YoucanfeelaverystrongeffectwhenthevoltageisturnedtocurrentandthecoilisimposedbyLenzsLaw.ThecoilgeneratesaFieldinoppositiontothePermanentMagnetsFluxMovingpasttheCoil.2:BuildyourselfaverysimpleFluxGateMagnetometerandtestthis.ThisisatransformingeffectonthepermanentMagnetsFlux.WecanseetheredoesseemtobemoreenergytherethanFaradaysLawpredictsinmostcases.Informationcanbefoundonmywebsiteforthisdevice.ThisdeviceusestheBHHysteresiscurvetoenableanoutput.

WasitMagic?FloydSweetwasaverybrightman.Hewasnotamagician,hewasnotpullingaslightofhand.FloydSparkySweetdidhaveaMagneticDevicethatproducedElectricitylikemanyotherdevicesbeforehim.Thisdeviceisnotatallaoneofakind,itsnottheonlydeviceevertogiveanoutputinasimilargeometryandwiththesamebasicconceptsinvolved.TheVTAwasnotamagicaldevicethatiswaybeyondthepoweroftheaveragemindtocomprehend.

AreThereOtherDevicesLikeTheVTA?Yes.Yesthereare.Thereisnotjustonetherearemany:

1. DanielMcFarlandCookImprovementinInductionCoils.USPatent119,8252. LesterHendershotFuellessGenerator.(ThisisthemostsimilardevicetotheVTAIcan

find)3. EddLeedskalninsPerpetualMotionHolder.4. EvenTomBeardensMEGresemblestheVTAsgeometryinsomeways.

EventhoughthesemachinesaresimilartotheVTA,thisdoesdependonthefactsaboutthecorematerial.

TheMysteriousForceatRightAnglestoBandV.IntheNothingisSomethingPaper,itismentionedaboutthisForceatrightanglestobothBandV.HereistheQuote:Thetruephenomenontakingplacehaslittlebeenthoughtofasinvolvingtheproductionofaspatiallydistributedelectricfield.Wecanseethatthemodel'soriginslikelyarosefromtheoperationcalled``fluxcutting'',amostdeceivingandmisleadingterm.Abetterterm,``timevaryingfluxmodulation'',doesnotimplyanyseparationoflinesofflux.Truly,linesoffluxarealwaysinclosureuponthemselvesandaremathematicallyexpressedaslineintegrals.Itisfallacioustousetheterm``cutting'',whichimpliestimevaryingseparationwhichdoesnotinfacteveroccur.AmotionallyinducedEfieldisactuallycreatedwithinthespaceoccupiedbythemovingmagneticfluxdescribedabove.Thisfieldispresenttherein,whetherornotaconductorispresentinthespace.Intermsofadefinitionwecansaythat,whenmagneticfluxofvectorintensityBmovedacrossaregionofspacewithvectorvelocityV,electromagneticallyinducedelectricfieldvectorBxVappearsinthespaceatrightanglestobothBandV.Therefore,E=BxV.Itisthisfieldthatisrelatedtogravity,itisvirtuallyunshieldable.ThisfieldmaybecalledtheMotionalEfield.

WeknowthatifMagneticFluxispassedperpendiculartoaconductorthatanEMFisinducedintheconductor.Experimenthasshownthistobetrue.InfacttheclosertoarightangletheMagneticFluxis,totheconductorthebettertheeffect.Ihaveshownanexperimentaboutthisandtheresultsspeakforthemselves.Somysterious?maybenot.Thismeansthatthereisatypeofinductiongoingon,itsastandardtheoryofmovementofMagneticFluxpastastationaryConductor.AllinallthisisstillaconfusinganddeceivingsituationfortheVTAuntilweknowmoreabouttheactualinternalworkings.

MessagesfromtheWise.JohnBedini,weallknow,workedverycloselywithFloydSweet.JohnhassaidverylittleovertheyearsaboutthetechnicalaspectofworkingwithFloydSweet.Althoughhehassaidverylittle,whathehassaidhasbeenverygoodandalsobeverifiedinotherareas.JohnisconsideredbymanyastheplanetsguruonFreeEnergytoday.Johnhassaidthreestatementsthatneedtobetakenintoaccountveryseriously:

1. IworkedwithFloydSweetintheearlydaysbeforeBeardenandWaltRcamealong,IgavehimoldTVsetstowatchthecycloidsonforhisfirstmachine.IknowwhatIhaveseenbecauseIwoundthecoilsforhisbox.KronsentSweettogetamastersinmathematicsatGE.Sweetwasarealelectromagneticengineer,bythebookheknewKron'smathbackwardsandforwards.Hethrewthebookatmeafewtimes.BeardenpresentedhimwiththeVacuumTriodeanalogyandthemathforit.Ialsoknewtheprocessofhisbox,therewerenomagneticbubbles,nomagicmagnets,andnospecialconditionersthatwillmaketheboxwork,buttherewasaspecialprocessofwhichSweet'sownsondidnotknow,hewasanEEandcouldnotunderstandhowitworked.IknowbecauseIwastherehelpinghimatnight.Myoldbossgavehimthetestequipmenttouse.WaltRbuiltthecircuitsforSweetbutIdon'tthinkFloydSweettoldhimtheprocess.That'swhyIputthenegativeresistancepapershere.Theonlyproblemistheboxwasunstableundercertainconditions,shock,shorts,andotherthings.HekickedmeoutwhenIshowedhimthemonopoleandtheGFieldchargingbatterieswithnorealcurrent.Iwastoclosetomakingitworkeverytime.IwastoldlaterhethoughtIwasgoingtobuildhisbox.IkeptthatsecretandstudiednegativeeffectsinsemiconductorlatticewithinductiveloadsinsteadonlybecauseIwastrainedinsemiconductorsatTRWrightoutofschool.IfoundwhatIwaslookingfor,andIhopeyoudotoo.

2. Thatiswhynobodycanmakeit,SweetdevicealsoMagneticAmplifier.

3. NowI'mgoingtosaysomethingIshouldnot.FloydSweetwasprivilegedtoworkwiththeGermansafterWW2.HepulledthistrickonmewiththeVTAexceptIcaughthimandwasbootedoutheonlymadeitlooklikeheconditionthemagnets.TheGermansalreadyhaddeveloped,keptawayfromthepeoplerotatingmagampsandSweetworkedonthem.(Hewasanelectromagneticexpertinthisfield)ItwasfunnytomewhenIwouldgoovertoSweet'splacewiththecoilsIwoundforhimandwhenIwouldleaveitwouldbeworkingthe

nextday.Iaskedhimtoremovethe100wattpowerAmplifierandherefusedsoIleftthenwasaskedtoneverreturnbyTomBearden,TomdidnotknowasInevertoldhim.TomevenbroughtoneovertometotestawayfromFloyd'shousewhereitwasworkingbeforeTomlefttohaveittested.FloydwentnutswhenTomtoldhimhewastestingthisatmyshop.Itdidnotwork.SowhateverGEhadknowledgeof,FloydknewHow,butIcanmakethismachineworkeitherway.

IbelieveJohnwastakingabitofarisktalkingabouttheVTAlikethis,IamsureifanyonehasbeenvisitedbytheMIBsitwouldhavebeenJohn.ItonlydeepensmyrespectforJohnknowingthathereallyistryingtogetthetruthoutthere.ThesethreestatementsaboveIbelieveveryimportantinthequestfortruthandforanyonetohavearealchanceofrebuildingtheVTA.

FluxSweepingPrincipalvs.FluxShiftingPrincipal.Theseprincipalsareverydifferentprincipals.Bothworkontotallydifferentprincipals,thusthenamedifference.FluxShiftingworksonaCoreMaterialandusesthehysteresiscurveforitsoutput.FluxSweepingworksonMagneticFluxSweepingpastaconductor,(ExperimentprovesRightAnglesisBest),generallythisisbestfrom0degree'stoatleast90degreesforbestresults.BothFluxSweepingandFluxShiftingaregoodcandidates.FluxSweepingisabettercandidateforsomereasonsandFluxShiftingisabettercandidateforotherreasons.InFig1.thereisnovisualevidenceforaCoreMaterialinthePowerCoils.ThereisvisualevidencethattheSideCoilsmayhavehadCoresinthecoils.Thisisthebigquestionatthemoment,toCoretheCoilsornottoCoretheCoils?Badjoke,that'senoughofthatnow.Letsvisualise,andsayforaminutetheconstructionoftheVTAhadPermanentMagnetswiththeFluxknockedoffaxisbysay45degreesineachPermanentMagnet.SooneFieldpointstowardtheEastandtheotherfieldpointstowardthewest.WebringtheMagnetstogether,twoinchesapart,theattractionofthefieldswillalignthefluxtoagooddegree,bendingtheFluxbacktoa0Degreestate.Wenowintroduceourcoils,"Power"andside"Drive"coils.Theyarewiredinsuchaway,thatthecoilsactuallydrivetheflux,bothweathertheyare"Power"or"Drive"coils,eachsetofCoilsworkinginunison.Themorepowergenerated,themorethecoilskeeptheFluxMoving.TheCoilsactuallymaketheFluxMove.Nowthat'saconcept,withsimplefeedforwardandfeedbacksinabunchofcoils.Ok,itisalsopossiblethatthisisthewayitworkstheotherway,withtheFluxShiftingmethod.

TheLostTechnologyofMagneticAmplifiers.MagneticAmplifiersareverymuchatechnologythatshouldhavebeenmuchmoredominantinhistoryandshouldbemorepopulartoday.ThereismuchtoMagneticAmplifiers.MagneticAmplifiersandSaturableReactorsareverysimilarandoftenpeopleusethenamesmeaningthe

samedevices.Theycanbedifferentdeviceshowever.SaturablereactorsareverysimilartoMagneticAmplifiersbutgenerallyMagneticAmplifiersincorporateoneormorerectifier(s)inthecircuit.Otherthanarectifier,theyarebasicallythesamedevices.ItisimportanttonotethattheAmpereTurnsontheinputsidemustequaltheAmpereTurnsontheoutputformaximumefficiency.ThisisaveryinterestingnecessaryfactoftheMagneticAmplifier.MagneticAmplifiers,verygoodread:http://www.themeasuringsystemofthegods.com/magnetic%20amplifiers.pdfThefollowingaresnippetsfromthisdocument:Fig11Snippet1,GermansandMagneticAmplifiers:

Fig12Snippet2,MagneticAmplifiersSchematic:

ItisinterestingtonotethatFloydsGainswereinthemillionsalso.

Fig13Snippet3,MagneticAmplifierWindingsandisolation:

Fig14Snippet4,GermansandMagneticAmplifiers:Andtypicallythesearethedevicesmentionedabove:

ARotatingMagneticAmplifierisanAmplidyne.ThisisaPictureofanAmplidyne:Fig15ARotatingMagneticAmplifier(Amplidyne)

Fig16ARotatingMagneticAmplifier(LookattheTag,GeneralElectric)

Ok,Ihearyou,IsntthatwhoFloydWorkedfor?GeneralElectric?Yeah,hedid.

Fig17TheCircuitoftheAmplidyne:

ReffromWikipedia.

AnamplidyneisanelectromechanicalamplifierinventedduringWorldWarIIbyErnstAlexanderson.ItisusuallyanACmotordrivingaDCgeneratorwithmodificationstoincreasethepowergainavailable.Asmallelectricalsignalcancontrolthepositionofalargemotorusingthisapproach.

HowanAmplidyneWorksAnamplidyneisaspecialtypeofmotorgeneratorwhichusesregenerationtoincreaseitsgain.Energycomesfromthemotor,andthepoweroutputiscontrolledbychangingthefieldcurrentofthegenerator.Inatypicalgeneratortheloadbrushesarepositionedperpendiculartothemagneticfieldflux.Toconvertageneratortoanamplidyneyouconnectwhatwouldbetheloadbrushestogetherandtaketheoutputfromanothersetofbrushesthatareparallelwiththefield.Theperpendicularbrushesarenowcalledthe'quadrature'brushes.Thissimplechangecanincreasethegainbyafactorof10,000ormore.Historically,amplidyneswereoneofthefirstamplifierstogenerateveryhighpower(tensofkilowatts),allowingprecisefeedbackcontrolofheavymachinery.Vacuumtubesofreasonablesizewereunabletodeliverenoughpowertocontrollargemotors,butvacuumtubecircuitsdrivingtheinputofanamplidynecouldbeusedtoboostsmallsignalsuptothepowerneededtodrivelargemotors.Early(WWIIera)guntrackingandradarsystemsusedthisapproach.Amplidynesarenowobsoletetechnology.ModernelectronicdevicesforcontrollingpowerinthekilowattincludeMOSFETandIGBTdevices.IMPORTANTTONOTE:IFtheVTAwasaMagneticAmplifier,thereneedstobeacoreintheCoils.TheMagneticAmplifierandtheSaturableReactorworkonCoreMaterialHysteresis.TheCoremustmovethroughtheBHCurveornotmovethroughtheBHCurvedependingontheExcitationfield.IftheVTAhadnocoreinthepowercoilsthenitwasnotaMagneticAmplifier.

TheUnknowns...TherearestillmanysecretstotheVTAofFloydSparkySweet.WestilldontknowforsureiftherewasacoreintheCoils.ItwasstatedbyWalterRosenthalthattherewasnot,andthecoils,intheVTAwerecoreless.Iquote:TheVacuumTriodeAmplifier(VTA)inventedbyFloydSweetconsistsoftwoferritemagnetsandtwotofourcorelesswirecoils.IftheVTAworkedlikeaMagneticAmplifier,thentheremusthavebeenacoreinthedeviceanditmusthavebeenhighlyMagnetic.DowereallyknowtheVTAsWeight?WeweretoldtheVTAweighedapproximatelysixpounds.SixPoundsis2.72155422kilograms.IfthisisthecaseandtheVTAdidweighsixpounds,wehavesomeverylightweightmaterialintheconstructionoftheVacuumTriodeAmplifier.JustoneFerritePermanentMagnet,measuring4x6x,weighsinexcessof1.6Kgbyitsself.Thisisastandard,fromthefactory,4x6xFerriteMagnet.ThismeansiftheVTAweighedsixpoundsandFloydsMagnetsweresimilarweighttoeachoneofmyMagnetsthenitleft0.4KgsfortheCoils.Ah...Problem!!!Thisinformationisunlikelytobeaccurate.

Summary.

Itiseasytoday,toshowthatadevicecanshowsolidstategenerationofenergy.Itiseasilydoneinmanydevicesandconfigurations.Theproblemcurrentlyishowtogetthegainstoselfrunandstilllight500Wattsoflightbulbs.Weareallwillingtolearn,buttheproblemisatwhatcost?ShouldwehavetospendhalfourlivesandalloursavingsontryingtoSavethePlanet?Yesweshould,andweshouldbesupportedbythemasses.IfwedontsucceedthenourChildrenandourChildrensChildrenareinforableakmiserablefuture,ifafutureatall.Iknowinmyownmind,ifIdonttryandifIdontsucceedthenIhavefailed.TheEarthistellingusrightnowthatitisnothappy.Doomsdaypredictionsseemtobehappeningallaroundusatthemoment,Quakes,Floods,Fires,Volcanoes,BirdsFallingDeadfromtheSky,Fishdyingbythethousandsandmuchmore.LetschangethisworldandmakeMotherEarthHappytohaveuslivehere.

The Sweet VTA(SQM) Details

By Mike Watson

Compiled ByWilliam S. AlekINTALEK, INC.

CONTACT:[email protected]

From: "Mike Watson" Date: Tue Feb 26, 2002 11:54 amSubject: Re: [Sweet-VTA] Re: New to the Board Re Sweet

Guy,

Sorry for the delay the file bounced due to attachments being too big.

I am not under any non-disclosure agreement. I am attaching information in Sweet's own handon the construction of the coils. He sent this as a fax in 1992. He had discovered that bifilarwindings were not necessary provided the magnet were conditioned in a "multipolar" layer-likefashion. What this means is that each conditioning impulse squeezes the field into the magnetso that if you looked at it from the side with this magnet viewing paper; in Sweet's words itlooks like plywood, that is alternate sandwiched N-S poles as layers. This requires a dextrousimpulsing of the magnet slowly compressing the field. When it is ready the surface flux densityis only about 100 gauss, most of the field is interiorised into the body of the magnet. I foundthis very difficult. I never saw his conditioning machine but I assume it used flat pankcakecoils.

About 18 months ago Graham Gunderson reported a sort of storage effect in magnets byconditioning them over a long period. The magnet suddenly released its stored energy andburnt out a lamp bulb he had as a load. It seems similar to the magnetic compression used bySweet. I have not seen anything from Graham for some time. Perhaps he has gotsomewhere....

You notice Sweet's reference in the attachment to demonstrating video-wise this effect. Thisrefers to the famous (infamous?) use of an old colour TV set. The method is at the end of the '87 Bearden video. Sweet holds a magnet against the tube face. The shadow mask becomesmagnetised of course. The TV displays the field in colour but the picture follows the H field notthe B field, so a bar magnet gives a figure of eight image. Sweet attributes a lot to this image,and this is what makes me wonder about him, he never once thought of it as a uselessartefact of the TV tube. When I tried it I could not get the same image and told him so. He wasperplexed. Shortly after I realised that he might have been using a trinitron tube whereas minewas the triple dot sort so I looked for a scrap TV with a trinitron tube and sure enough I got thesame picture as Sweet. To me it looks pretty but means nothing.

Right or wrong the VTA was built on what his TV tube showed him. So you hear of Sweettalking about the neutral point between two opposite magnetic poles, this is what the trinitronshows, fortuitously it shows more or less the H component. Sweet was scientifically prettyliterate and spend years designing and testing power transformers so he knew about thesethings. His whole approach was to switch off all this knowledge and work as though themagnetic charge really existed.

I have rambled on a bit, but the attachments might be useful.

Mike Watson

Space Quanta Modulator

Clean Propulsion Power Now! Automotive Propulsion Tomorrow

By Floyd A. Sweet. Ph.D.

Document restored by hyiq.org

The days of the rotating electrical energy producing machine, the alternator, are

about over. A static version of the Space Flux Alternator is on the drawing board.

A working prototype, a 10 kW, 3-phase, 240 V machine, excited by low power

oscillatory means is planned. It's expected isolated feed-back techniques will

provide closed loop source of low level oscillator power, thus eliminating a 100%

duty cycle battery.

A concept of a unique type of electric motor with efficiency approaching unity is

in the realm of possibility, soon replacing the primitive energy hogging series type

motor.

With innovative state-of-the-art controls, by means of phase shift techniques and

phantom poles, (induced) by superimposed polarized rotating field operating at

400 Hz fundamental frequency with sub-harmonics providing many poles. Slow

speed hi-h torque and smooth acceleration to maximum high speed, high

horsepower lower torque provided by induced 2, 4, 6 poles, 8, 10, 12 pole

intermediate speed, medium hp, medium torque, and 14, 16, 18 pole slow speed

high torque.

A slip cycle effect provides smooth transition as poles change either in the

negative or positive direction. A foot pedal the same as the gas pedal on

contemporary cars completely controls acceleration or deceleration. No cooling

system is required, and it is estimated the motor would weigh no more than 150

lb. to produce 150 hp at 80 mph.

The Space-Quanta Modulated Mark 1 Static Alternator

Laboratory experiments dealing with magnetic fields support the concept that

magnetic flux may be modulated by low level oscillatory means. However there is

no lateral movement of flux. Rather, what happens is that the individual packets

of quanta are polarized by the initiating and sustaining coherent force the field of

the primary magnets or in special cases, electromagnets.

As the low level oscillatory frequency (modulating frequency) from the oscillators

pass through zero reversing polarity during . The quanta, being polarized, flip

in synchronism with the modulating frequency, presenting a change in flux

polarity varying with time determined by the period of the oscillator frequency.

Stationary field and stationary stator coils are featured in the machine. Except for

a possible low level 60 Hz hum, the alternator is noise-less. There are no bearings

or moving parts.

The single phase machine is obviously simple electrically and mechanically to

build. The three phase machine may consist of one integral unit or three single

phase units mechanically integral, but electrically isolated and interfaced by

interconnection. At this point in time it appears that three separate oscillators are

needed but special electronics may provide multiplexing techniques whereby only

one oscillator will be needed. In as much as multiplexing techniques are out of my

field, consultation with a multiplexing electronics specialist will be necessary.

Frequency Stability: It is essential for compatible interfacing to existing 60 Hz

power system grids that the oscillator output frequency must not vary more than

that of the power system. If the frequency does vary more than minimum

fluctuations, then a "hunting condition" exists. Such an asynchronous condition

would "trip out" affected parts of a system, causing power outages, until the

system frequency could be stabilized. Consultation with an electric power

engineer may be needed to determine a means of utilizing the power grid system

frequency to "sync" the low level oscillator frequency to that of the grid.

And may be able to contribute an optimized design for the

mechanical architecture for the machine. A team effort is surely the way to go.

My guess is that in order to sustain a sinusoidal output wave form, the modulated

quanta field will need to be switched electronically in a complete circle

configuration to be compatible for paralleling operation with existing sine wave

systems.

As you can see, there is more lab work to be done on the non-rotating machine.

Probably three months to verify the ideas in mind.

The Space Quanta Modulator: How it Works

First a time varying magnetic flux must be produced. This must be caused to vary

in sync with three modulating signals displaced in time phase 120 electrical

degrees. The magnets producing coherent quantizing of the incoherent quanta

packets comprising the surrounding space field, providing a continuous stream of

energy from an infinite source.

As the time varying flux of a period of 1/400 or 2.5 milliseconds sweeps over the

stationary armature coils, voltage is induced defined by Faraday's law.

Very low power is needed to modulate the quanta, which is in a coherent state

under the influence of the residual effects of energy initially consumed in the

so-called magnetization process. This energy is steady state and is actually

orientated space quanta, which is not a property of the magnet, but initiated by

the initial magnetizing force.

The architectural configuration of the windings and their relationship to the

magnets will be best understood by observing the construction of a prototype.

The defining equations are similar to those of the dynamic Space Flux Coupled

alternator. A working prototype should be ready about Easter.

As you know the first prototype will be a 6-pole, single phase, 7 - 10 kW

machine. The data in the folder applies to a 3 phase machine. The underlying

principles are the same.

The 3 phase windings are conventional. For a 6 pole machine there would be 6

magnets per phase, totalling 18, and there would be 6 coil groups per phase at 2

coils per group, also totalling 18 groups. The area of a pole-phase group would

approximately equal the area of one magnet. There would be 36 individual coils

arranged in a lap configuration.

The number of turns per coil is determined by Faraday's law as quantized by

Neumann. Stranded wire is used for ease of winding. This wire is specially

insulated, and over this insulation is wound a current feedback winding spirally

traversing the total length of the coil conductor. Also a voltage winding of

considerably smaller wire and more turns is also wound axially, traversing the

total length of the coil conductor. The respective leads are brought out to

terminals, and to these terminals is connected the output of the current and

voltage sensing transformers. We now have, when the current and voltage

windings are excited, another set of fields virtually in quadrature with the fields

(alternating) initiated by the load current flowing in the power phase coils. The

current and voltage initiating fields are in such a direction to either accelerate or

decelerate the rate of flow of charges depending on the applied polarity and

voltage amplitude.

As polarity may be maintained constant , that polarity of acceleration should be

chosen so charges move at faster rates, lowering copper duty factor, and at the

same time opening the gates wider so more coherent field entities may enter for

The conversion process. Its obvious; we have a self-regulating machine whose

inherent magnetic proper ties will provide energy conversion conservation to the

Nth degree.

Magnetic Resonance

By Floyd A. Sweet. Ph.D.

Document restored by hyiq.org

Electrons revolve about the nucleus of an atom and spin around their axis. In addition, the

nucleus has a spin of its own. All of these moving charges have associated magnetic fields

(magnetic moments), and magnetic resonance is concerned with the interactions of some of

the fields with each other, and with at least two external magnetic fields applied to the

atom.

Consider an electron circulating about the nucleus. The electron has angular motion

and is a charged particle held in orbit by the oppositely charged nucleus. Applying Keplers

law (the radius vector of the particle sweeps out equal areas in equal times) and that

angular momentum, , is conserved and quantized, (L = orbital

quantum number, and h = Planks constant/2 ). The area swept out in one period, t, is:

( )

Finding the equivalent magnetic dipole moment, , produced by a closed current loop, I, to

be:

( ) Eq. (1)

And eh/2m is defined as the Bohr magneton, .

Consider the electron spin about its own axis. The derivation of the spin moment

similar to the above produces and electron spin moment of two Bohr magnetons. Diracs

relativistic quantum theory of the electron and many experiments give the correct value of

one Bohr magneton, for which the spin quantum number of the electron is .

The total angular momentum , is found by adding vectorially the orbital and spin

angular momentum of the electron,

( )

And the total magnetic moment becomes:

( )

and , which can be thought of as precessing about , contribute to the average

magnetic moment, vectorally adding the moments gives:

[ ( ) ( )] (

).

Using a more rigorous wavemechanics approach, is replaced by S(S + 1), etc, to

give:

Eq. (2)

where

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

g = Lande`-g factor and for an atom on the ground state, L = 0, S = J, and g becomes equal to

2.

If we add the nuclear spin and its magnetic moment to this, the vector problem

would become overwhelmingly complex. There is a simpler way which will be evident later,

but for simplicity now, we will just add the external magnetic field H.

Just as a spinning top will precess in the intergalactic space field surrounding the

earth, so will the magnetic moment vector of the electron precess in the magnetic field. The

torque in the electron case being produced by the interactions of the dipole and the

external field.

Equating the time rate of change of angular momentum to the torque on the dipole,

one can derive the precessional frequency in complete analogy to the tops behaviour. The

precessional frequency can be derived from an energy standpoint and will give more insight.

The potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field is

if we confine ourselves to an atom in the ground state then J = S and S = , the spin

being either parallel or antiparallel with the external field.

The magnetic moment is defined as positive or negative according to the condition

of parallelism or antiparallelism, respectively. Thus, the energy difference between the two

possible electron spin states can be equated to where is the frequency of precession

and:

( ) (

) Eq. (3)

Electromagnetic radiation at freq, with the correct polarization will be absorbed

by dipoles in the lower state, making transitions to the higher state.

Electron spin resonance is a technique used in the lab for measuring this splitting

using radio freq, technologyFib. 1 (b) Since the nucleus carries a charge, its angular spin

does produce a nuclear magnetic moment. A nuclear magneton, , is defined the same as

the Bohr magneton, except the mass of the electron is replaced by the mass of the proton.

A nuclear g factor ( ) is alsodefined where I is the spin of the nucleus. The protons

magnetic moment is 2.7935 nuclear magnetons while the neutrons moment is -1.9135 .

The + or sign refers to the condition of weather the angular momentum vector has the

same or opposite directions as the magnetic moment.

A nucleus with spin I, will have QI + 1 possible orientations in a magnetic field and 2J

+ 1 energy levels. For simplicity, consider a hydrogen atom in a molecule. The nucleus is a

proton with a spin of and its magnetic moment is either parrallel or antiparrallel to the

field this produces energy levels as shown in Fig. 1(c), Fig. 1(b) electron spin moment in a

magnetic field.

Referring to the Jensen machine stated: natural magnetic resonance freq = 2.80GHz

the nuclear magnetic resonance of a free electron when charges in magnetic states are

induced by magnetic field the changes in states causes a condition called electron

paramagnetic resonance, or EPR. The EPR of a free electron is 2.80 H MC. Where H is in

gauss. This should be the initial state of the defining mathematical format.

Dealing with Resonance at High Power Levels.

Resonance frequencies may be maintained quite constant at high power levels so

long as the load remains constant. We are all familiar with AM and FM propagation, where

in the case as AM, the voltage amplitude varies, and with FM, the frequency is modulated.

However, the output power sees a constant load impedance, that of the matched

antenna system. If this changes, the input to the antenna is mismatched, and standing

waves are generated resulting in a loss of power. The frequency is a forced response and

remains constant. Power is lost and efficiency becomes less and less, depending on the

degree of mismatch. Lets assume the Jensen amplifying transformer is in a resonating

condition. Its output is connected to a transmission line which is X number of miles long.

Without any customer load at all, power will be required to change the line. This will

present capacitive reactance, . The power factor cos angle will be leading,

though negligible on short systems. The effect must be reckoned with on multiple grid long

systems operating above 60 KV. What we have is a capacitor and the effects are evident as

line impedance. Another parameter is varying power factor due to changing inductive loads.

Taken together this forms a complex impedance load continually varying and this is what

the Jensen machine will see when connected to power distributing network grids. Such

a resonant machine will never sustain resonance as shown in the sketch. The circuit consists

of a capacitor in series with an inductor and this is a series resonant circuit of minimum

impedance and maximum current. Theoretically, the current limiting is effected by series

resistance in the circuit including the resistance of the inductor,

Resonance freq,

as and cancel.

As load power factor and complex impedances continually vary, reflected impedance in the

secondaries reflect back into the primary and then reflect back to the resonant network, L

and C, which fall out of resonance and the machines output falls virtually to zero.

For this machine to work, some means would have to be formulated to

instantaneously vary the frequency to match varying load impedances. Surely a most

challenging task. First, the capacitor should be removed and the inductor designed with

sufficient distributed capacitance to prove integral LC. Then calculate what frequency will

resonate the R.C.L. network. This will not cure the impedance problem, but will provide a

more stable experimental set-up. The concept has merit but if pursued further R & D should

be in the 60 Hz power frequency area.

______________________________

/

/

_________/ / \ / \

/ \________________________________

/ / _______/ ( )

\ \

\ _______________________________

\ / \ / \___________/

\

\

\_______________________________

(a) (b) (c)

Cosmic Rays, Natural Magnetic Fields, Coherent Quanta Energy and Aurora Borealis

By Floyd A. Sweet Ph.D.

Document Restored by - hyiq.org

Cosmic Rays are of two classes, Primary and secondary, according to scientific speculation. The primary rays, scientists postulate, consist for the most part of charged particles of extra-terrestrial origin, while the secondary rays are the products resulting from collisions of the primary rays with atmospheric molecules. Nothing could be more distant from the truth. Cosmic rays are truly high energy pa

VTA Vacuum Triode Amplifier Construction by Floyd A. Sweet

Documents

Transcript of VTA Vacuum Triode Amplifier Construction by Floyd A. Sweet