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Transcript of Vs5icm m06 Storage
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Configure and Manage Virtual Storage
Module 6
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You Are Here
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
Course Introduction
Introduction to Virtualization
Virtual Machines
VMware vCenter Server
Configure and Manage Virtual Networks
Configure and Manage Virtual Storage
Managing Virtual Machines
Data Protection
Access & Authentication Control
Resource Management and Monitoring
High Availability
Scalability
Patch Management
Installing vSphere Components
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Importance
Storage options give you the flexibility to set up your storage basedon your cost, performance, and manageability requirements. Sharedstorage is useful for disaster recovery, high availability, and movingvirtual machines between hosts.
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Module Lessons
Lesson 1: Storage ConceptsLesson 2: Configure iSCSI Storage
Lesson 3: Configure NAS/NFS Storage
Lesson 4: Fibre Channel SAN Storage
Lesson 5: VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores
Lesson 6: VMware vSphere Storage Appliance
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Lesson 1:
Storage Concepts
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Describe VMware vSphere storage technologies and datastores.Describe the storage device naming convention.
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Storage Overview
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
storagetechnology
datastoretypes
FCoE iSCSIFibre
ChannelDirect
Attached
File
system
NAS
NFSVMware vSphere VMFS
VMwareESXi
hosts
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Storage Protocol Overview
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
Storage
Protocol
Supports
boot fromSAN
Supports
VMwarevSpherevMotion
Supports
vSphereHigh
Availability
Supports
vSphereDRS
Supports
Raw DeviceMapping
FibreChannel
FCoE
iSCSI
NFS
DAS (for virtual
machine swapfiles)
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Datastore
A datastore is a logical storage
unit that can use disk space onone physical device, or spanseveral physical devices.
Types of datastores:VMFSNetwork File System (NFS)
Datastores are used to holdvirtual machine files, templates,and ISO images.
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
host host
datastore
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VMFS-5
VMFS-5:
Allows concurrent access toshared storageCan be dynamicallyexpandedUses a 1MB block size,
good for storing large virtualdisk filesUses subblock addressing,good for storing small filesProvides on-disk, block-level
locking
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hosthost
VMFS Datastore
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NFS
NFS:
Is storage shared over thenetwork at the file systemlevelSupports NFS version 3over TCP/IP
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hosthost
NFS Datastore
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Storage Device Naming Conventions
Storage devices are identified in several ways:
SCSI ID Unique SCSI identifierCanonical name The Network Address Authority (NAA) ID is aunique LUN identifier, guaranteed to be persistent across reboots. In addition to NAA IDs, devices can also be identified with mpx or t10
identifiers.
Runtime name Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name isnot persistent through reboots.
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Viewing Storage Maps
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target
HBA
LUN
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Physical Storage Considerations
Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administrationteam, such as:
LUN sizesI/O bandwidthDisk cache parameters
Zoning and maskingIdentical LUN presentation to each ESXi host
Active-active or active-passive arraysExport properties for NFS datastores
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:Describe vSphere storage technologies and datastores.Describe the storage device naming convention.
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Lesson 2:
Configure iSCSI Storage
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.Describe iSCSI components and addressing.Configure iSCSI initiators.
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iSCSI Components
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iSCSI Addressing
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iSCSI ini t iator nam e:
iqn.1998-01.com.vmware:train1-64ad4c29or eui.1234567890abcdef
iSCSI alias: train1
IP address : 192.168.36.88
iSCSI target n ame:
iqn.1992-08.com.mycompany:stor1-47cf3c25or eui.fedcba9876543210
iSCSI alias: stor1
IP address : 192.168.36.101
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iSCSI Initiators
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Configuring Software iSCSI
To configure the iSCSI software initiator:
1. Configure a VMkernel port for accessing IP storage.2. Enable the iSCSI software adapter.3. Configure the iSCSI IQN name and alias (if required)4. Configure iSCSI software adapter properties, such as static/dynamic
discovery addresses and iSCSI port binding5. Configure iSCSI security (Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol (CHAP)).
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ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage
A VMkernel port must be created for ESXi to access software iSCSI.The same port can be used to access NAS/NFS storage.
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To optimize your vSphere networking setup:
Separate iSCSI networks from NAS/NFS networks. Physical separation is preferred. If that is not possible, use VLANs.
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iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods
Two discovery methods are
supported:StaticDynamic (also known asSendTargets)
The SendTargets responsereturns iSCSI qualified name andall available IP addresses.
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
iSCSI targ et
192.168.36.101:3260
SendTargets
request
SendTargets
response
192.168.36.101:3260
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iSCSI Security: CHAP
iSCSI initiators use CHAP forauthentication purposes.
By default, CHAP is notconfigured.
ESXi supports two types ofCHAP authentication:
UnidirectionalBidirectional Software iSCSI only
ESXi also supports per-targetCHAP authentication.
Software iSCSI onlyDifferent credentials for eachtarget
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Software iSCSI properties > General tab
Targetauthenticates
host.
Hostauthenticates
target.
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Configuring Hardware iSCSI
To configure the iSCSI hardware initiator:
1. Install the iSCSI hardware adapter.For independent hardware iSCSI adapters Verify properly formatted IP address and IQN names.
For dependent hardware iSCSI adapters Determine the name of the physical NIC associated with adapter so that port
binding is properly configured.
2. Modify the iSCSI name and configure the iSCSI alias.3. Configure iSCSI target addresses.4. Configure iSCSI security (CHAP).
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Multipathing with iSCSI Storage
Hardware iSCSI:Use two or more hardwareiSCSI adapters.
Software or dependenthardware iSCSI:
Use multiple NICs.
Connect each NIC to aseparate VMkernel port. Associate VMkernel portswith iSCSI initiator.
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Configure port binding inthe Properties window ofthe iSCSI adapter.
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.Describe iSCSI components and addressing.Configure iSCSI initiators.
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Lesson 3:
Configure NAS/NFS Storage
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe NFS components and addressing.Create an NFS datastore.
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NFS Components
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directory to sharewith the ESXi hostover the network
VMkernel portdefined on virtualswitch
ESXi host withNIC mapped to
virtual switch
NAS device or aserver with
storage
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Addressing and Access Control with NFS
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192.168.81.72VMkernel portconfigured withIP address
192.168.81.33
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Configuring an NFS Datastore
Create a VMkernel port:
For better performance and security, separate it from the iSCSInetwork.
Provide the following information:NFS server name (or IP address)
Folder on the NFS server, for example, /LUN1 and /LUN2Whether to mount the NFS file system read-only: Default is to mount read/write
NFS datastore name
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Viewing IP Storage Information
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
Datastores view > Storage Views tab
Hosts and Clusters view > Configuration tab > Storage link
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Unmounting/Deleting an NFS Datastore
Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab to unmount an NFSdatastore.
Unmounting an NFS datastore deletes that datastore.
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Multipathing and NFS Storage
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switch
SP A10
SP B10
switch
mnic2
ESXi host
vmnic0 vmnic1
NIC teams with Routebased on IP hash
load-balancing policy
cross stackEtherChannel
switch port static ordynamic link aggregation
active/activeconfiguration
single switchor stackedswitches
spanned, teamed switch ports(feature may not be available on all switches)
yes no
ESXi host
vmnic0 vmnic1 allow VMkernel to makerouting decisions
L b 7
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Lab 7
In this lab, you will configure access to iSCSI and NFS datastore.
1. Add a VMkernel port group to a standard virtual switch.2. Configure the iSCSI software adapter.3. Configure access to NFS datastores.4. View iSCSI and NFS storage information.
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L b 8
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Lab 8
In this lab, you will design a network configuration for an ESXi host,based on a set of requirements.1. Analyze the requirements.2. Design virtual switches and physical connections.
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R i f L Obj i
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:
Describe NFS components and addressing.Create an NFS datastore.
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Lesson 4:
Fibre Channel SAN Storage
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.
Access Fibre Channel storage.
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U i g Fib Ch l ith ESXi
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Using Fibre Channel with ESXi
ESXi supports:
8Gb Fibre ChannelFibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
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Fibre Channel SAN Components
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Fibre Channel SAN Components
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Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control
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Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control
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Accessing Fibre Channel Storage
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Accessing Fibre Channel Storage
Install one or more supported Fibre Channel adapters in the ESXi
host.The Fibre Channel adapters are recognized by the host during theboot sequence.
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Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information
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Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information
The Storage Views tab provides
information about all SCSI adaptersand NAS mounts.
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FCoE Adapters
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FCoE Adapters
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ConvergedNetwork
Adapter
Networkdriver
FCdriver
ESXi host
Networkdriver
SoftwareFC
ESXi 5.0 host
NICwith FCoE
support
FCoE switch
Hardware FCoE Software FCoE*
* New in vSphere 5.0LAN FCSAN
10GBpsEthernet
Ethernet IP frames
to LAN devices
FC frames to FC
storage arrays
Configuring Software FCoE: Create VMkernel Port
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Configuring Software FCoE: Create VMkernel Port
Connect the VMkernel to physicalFCoE NICs that are installed on yourhost.
The VLAN ID and Priority class isdiscovered during FCoE initialization.This class is not configured invSphere.
Support only one FCoE initiator perphysical NIC.
Each physical NIC must be on its ownvSwitch.
Physical adapter: vmnic2VMkernel label: FCoE-2
VLAN ID: 20
IP address: 172.17.12.150Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
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VMkernel port
vmnic2 NIC withFCoE support
Configuring Software FCoE: Activate Software FCoE Adapter
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Configuring Software FCoE: Activate Software FCoE Adapter
The second step is to add
the software FCoEadapter.
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Select host -> Configuration tab -> Storage Adapters link -> Add .
Multipathing with Fibre Channel
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Multipathing with Fibre Channel
Multipathing allows continued
access to SAN LUNs in theevent of hardware failure. Italso provides load balancing.
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(optional)
Multipathing with Software FCoE
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Multipathing with Software FCoE
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VMkernel ports
vmnic2 vmnic3
Physical adapter: vmnic2
VMkernel label: FCoE-2VLAN ID: 20IP address: 172.17.12.150
Subnet mask:255.255.255.0
Physical adapter: vmnic3
VMkernel label: FCoE-3VLAN ID: 20IP address: 172.17.12.151
Subnet mask:255.255.255.0
NICs withFCoE support
Review of Learner Objectives
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Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.
Access Fibre Channel storage.
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Lesson 5:
VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores
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Learner Objectives
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Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Create a VMFS datastore.Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.Delete a VMFS datastore.
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Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi
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Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi
Use VMFS datastores whenever possible:
VMFS is optimized for storing and accessing large files. A VMFS can have a maximum volume size of 64TB.NFS datastores are great for storing virtual machines. But somefunctions are not supported.Use RDMs if your virtual machine: Is performing SAN snapshotting Is clustered to a physical machine Has large amounts of data that you do not want to convert into a virtual disk
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Creating a VMFS Datastore
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To create a VMFS datastore, use the Add Storage wizard:
Select the storage type, Disk/LUN.Select an available LUN.
Specify a datastore name.Specify the datastore size: use full or partial LUN.
Creating a VMFS Datastore
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Viewing VMFS Datastores
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V ew g V S atasto es
Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab
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Managing Overcommitted Datastores
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g g
An overcommitted datastore can occur when there are many
thin-provisioned virtual disks that use close to their maximumallotted disk space.
Actively monitor your datastore capacity: Alarms assist through notifications:
Datastore disk overallocation Virtual machine disk usage
Use reporting to view space usage.
Actively manage your datastore capacity:Increase datastore capacity when necessary.Use vSphere Storage vMotion to mitigate space usage issues on aparticular datastore.
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Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore
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Increase a VMFSdatastores size to give itmore space or possibly toimprove performance.
Two ways to dynamicallyincrease the size of a VMFS
datastore: Add an extent (LUN).Expand the datastorewithin its extent.
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Comparing Methods for Increasing VMFS Datastore Size
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p g g
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Add an extent to thedatastore
Expand the datastorewithin the extent
Virtual machine power state On On
SAN administrator tasks Add one or more LUNs
(extents).
Increase the size of the
LUN.
Limits A datastore can have up to32 LUNs (extents).
A LUN can be expandedany number of times.
Before Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore
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In general, before making any changes to your storage allocation:
Perform a rescan to ensure that your host sees the most currentstorage.Quiesce I/O on all disks involved.Note the unique identifier (for example, the NAA ID) of the volumethat you want to expand.
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Delete or Unmount a VMFS Datastore
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Deleting a VMFS datastore:
Unmounting a VMFS datastore:
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Multipathing Algorithms
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Arrays provide differentfeatures, some offer active-active storage processors (SP)and others offer active-passiveSPs.
vSphere 5 offers native pathselection, load-balancing andfailover mechanisms.
Third-party vendors can createtheir own software to beinstalled on your ESXi hoststhat will allow the ESXi host toproperly interact with thestorage arrays it uses.
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storage array
SP A10
SP B10
ESXihosts
storageprocessors
switches
Managing Multiple Storage Paths
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To modify the number of storage paths to use, select the datastoreto modify and click that datastores Properties link.
Click Manage Paths in the Properties window.
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Configuring Storage Load Balancing
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Path selection policies exist for:
Scalability: Round Robin A multipathing policy that performs load balancing acrosspaths.
Availability: MRU and Fixed
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Review of Learner Objectives
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You should be able to do the following:
Create a VMFS datastore.Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.Delete a VMFS datastore.
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Lesson 6:
VMware vSphere Storage Appliance
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Learner Objectives
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After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Describe the architecture and requirements of the VMware vSphereStorage Appliance cluster configuration.Discuss how a VSA cluster handles failures.
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vSphere Storage Appliance: Introduction (1)
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Provides Storage framework for vMotion, HA , and DRS
Creates SharedStorage
Simple manageability
Abstraction From Underlying Hardware
Resilient to server failures
Highly available during disk (spindle) failure
Pools server disk capacity to form shared storage
Leverages vSphere Thin provisioning for space utilization
Enables storage scalability
Installed, configure and managed via vCenter
DeliversHigh availability
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Revision A
vSphere Storage Appliance Introduction (2)
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vSpherevSphere vSphere
VSA VSA VSA
NFS NFS NFS
vSphere Client
VSA Manager
NFS exports that can bemounted by client ESXi
hosts
Enables advancedfeatures such as
vMotion, HA, DRS
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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VSA Cluster Configuration Requirements
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VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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VSA
vCenter Server 5.0
VSA Manager VSA Cluster Service
VSA Manager 10.10.120.3
NFS Volume IP 10.10.120.5 vMotion IP 192.168.1.1
10.15.20.100
VSA Cluster IP 10.10.120.200
VSA cluster
front endback end
ESXi host 10.15.20.150
10.15.20.201
24GB RAM,8 hard disks,
RAID controller,Gigabit Ethernet switches
The VSAManager is usedto install the VSA
cluster.
VSA Manager
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VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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VSA Cluster with 2 ESXi 5.0 Hosts
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vCenter Server
Manage
VSA Manager VSA Cluster Service
VSADatastore 2
VSADatastore 1
Volume 1(Replica)
Volume 2Volume 1Volume 2(Replica)
Configure RAID 1+0on local system disks
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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VSA Cluster with 3 ESXi 5.0 Hosts
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vCenter Server
Manage
VSA Manager
Volume 1Volume 3(Replica)
Volume 2(Replica)
Volume 3Volume 1(Replica)Volume 2
VSADatastore 2 VSA
Datastore 3VSA
Datastore 1
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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VSA Resilience
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vCenter Server
Manage
VSA Manager
Volume 1Volume 2(Replica)
Volume 1(Replica)
Volume 2
VSA Cluster Service
VSA
Datastore 2
VSA
Datastore 1
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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Review of Learner Objectives
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You should be able to do the following:
Describe the architecture and requirements of the VMware vSphereStorage Appliance cluster configuration.Discuss how a VSA cluster handles failures.
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
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Key Points
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Use VMFS datastores to hold virtual machine files.
NFS datastores are useful as a repository for ISO images.Shared storage is integral to vSphere features like vMotion, vSphereHigh Availability, and DRS.