Lesson 1

4

Lesson 1 outline

Embedded system

MCU manufacturers

Microcontrollers ARM

NXP Kinetis KL25Z

Rapid prototyping

Experimental laboratory equipment

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Embedded control system

Embedded system It is purpose-specific system embedded in controlled device.

It is maximally optimized for particular application in term of performance, reliability, dimensions and cost.

Majority of electronic devices are embedded systems such as ATM, calculators, selling machines, cell phones etc.

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Executive units

Every embedded systems is a some kind of „computer“

System core is composed from one or more programmable chips.

MPU (microprocessor)

MCU (microcontroller)

FPGA (programmablegate array)

SoC (system on chip)

… and more

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Major MCU manufacturers

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NXP (also former Freescale products)

Renesas (NEC Electronics, MitshubishiElectric, Hitachi)

Microchip (also formerAtmel products)

ST Microelectronics

Texas Instument

… and others

Basic terms

MPU vs. MPU

Pipeline

ALU, FPU

RISC vs. CICS processor

Hadvard vs. Von Neumann

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ARM Cortex-M

Group of 32 bit processor core RISC type.

Manufacturet in the present: Cortex-M0 (ARMv6-M, 3 level pipeline)

Cortex-M0+ (ARMv6-M, 2 level pipeline, optimized instruction set)

Cortex-M1 (ARMv6-M, optimized core for FPGA)

Cortex-M3 (ARMv7-M)

Cortex-M4 (ARMv7-M, possibility of FPU)

Cortex-M7 (ARMv7-M, hi-power core, 6 level pipeline)

Cortex-M23 (ARMv8-M, security instructions, 2 level pipeline)

Cortex-M33 (ARMv8-M, security instructions, 3 level pipeline)

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ARM core summary

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ARM CoreCortex

M0CortexM0+

CortexM1

CortexM3

CortexM4

CortexM7

CortexM23

CortexM33

Thumb-1 instructions Most Most Most Entire Entire Entire Most Entire

Thumb-2 instructions Some Some Some Entire Entire Entire Some Entire

Multiply instructions 32-bit result32-bit result

32-bit result32-bit result64-bit result

32-bit result64-bit result

32-bit result64-bit result

32-bit result32-bit result64-bit result

Divide instructions No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Saturated instructions

No No No Some Yes Yes No Yes

DSP instructions No No No No Yes Yes No Optional

Floating-point instructions

No No No No Optional: SPOptional: SPor SP & DP

No Optional: SP

TrustZone instructions

No No No No No No Optional Optional

Instruction pipeline 3 stages 2 stages 3 stages 3 stages 3 stages 6 stages 2 stages 3 stages

Computerarchitecture

Von NeumanVon

NeumannVon

NeumannHarvard Harvard Harvard

Von Neumann

Harvard

ARM architecture ARMv6-M ARMv6-M ARMv6-M ARMv7-M[ ARMv7E-M ARMv7E-M ARMv8-M ARMv8-M

SysTick

Contains (every) ARM Cortex-M

Simple decrement 24 bit timer

Clocking by core frequency

Aimed for OS implementation

Possibility usage for general timing

Generation periodicly exception

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Programmer model

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AHB bus

Bus (not-only) ARM Cortex-M0/M1/M3/M4: so calledAHB (AMBA Hi-perf Bus)

AHB has crossbar topology -> it is possible simultaneous communication different master to slave ports

Not all master ports has to be connected to slave ports

Arbitrary is constructed on hardaware level -> control byfixed priority or round-robin

Arbitrary is transparent in the program implementaion

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AHB bus

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MCU NXP Kinetis

Product line 32 bit low-power MCU on base ARM Cortex-M

http://www.nxp.com/products/microcontrollers-and-processors/arm-processors/kinetis-cortex-m-mcus:KINETIS

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Kinetis K family

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Kinetis KL family

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MCU KL2x

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MCU KL25Z

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Rapid prototyping

NXP Tower system

NXP Freedom board

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FRDM KL25Z

NXP KL25Z Kinetis KL2 MCU (MKL25Z128VLK4) Highperformance ARM® Cortex™-M0+ Core

48MHz, 16KB RAM, 128KB FLASH

2xSPI, 2xI2C, 3xUART, 6xPWM, 6xADC, TouchSensor, GPIO

FRDM-KL25Z Onboard peripherals MMA8451Q -3-axis accelerometer

PWM ControlledRGB LED

Capacitive touchsensor

EvalutionForm factor 81mm x 53mm

5V USB or4.5-9V supply

Built-in USB drag'n' drop FLASH programmer

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EB308 – EDU Platform

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References

http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.dui0662b/DUI0662B_cortex_m0p_r0p1_dgug.pdf

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Thank you for your attention

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