VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these...

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VQ2. Ecosystem Function, Physiology, and VQ2. Ecosystem Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity Seasonal Activity Susan L. Ustin Department of Land, Air and Water Resources University of California Davis August 2009

Transcript of VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these...

Page 1: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2. Ecosystem Function, Physiology, and VQ2. Ecosystem Function, Physiology, and Seasonal ActivitySeasonal Activity

Susan L. Ustin

Department of Land, Air and Water Resources

University of California Davis

August 2009 

Page 2: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Overarching Question:  

What are the seasonal expressions and cycles for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, functional 

groups, and diagnostic species? 

How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?

Decadal Survey:  Strategic Role of Ecosystem Observations:Observing Conditions and Trends Predicting TrajectoriesManaging Events

Page 3: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are ecosystems being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 4: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are ecosystems being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 5: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

0

200

400

600

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Area (ha)

(a) Area covered = 134.9ha

2003

2003 2004 2005

2006 2007 Effective treatment

Herbicide application areas

SAV classification

Submerged aquatic vegetation (HyMap data Submerged aquatic vegetation (HyMap data –– June) June) 

Page 6: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Seasonal Changes in Submerged aquatic vegetation Seasonal Changes in Submerged aquatic vegetation in the Sacramentoin the Sacramento‐‐San Joaquin DeltaSan Joaquin Delta

June 2005 October 2005

Page 7: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 8: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics at Jasper Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics at Jasper Ridge Biological Field Station, CaliforniaRidge Biological Field Station, California

Ustin et al. 1999. in Remote Sensing Change Detection: Environmental Monitoring Applications and Methods, Pp. 163‐180

Field Based Map

DEM

Evergreen ForestChaparral

GrasslandGrassland

WaterDeciduous Forest

June

September October

Green VegResidueSoil

Green VegResidueSoil

Green VegResidueSoil

Potential Net Radiation in Different Functional Types

AVIRIS SMA Fraction Images

Page 9: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Monthly MODIS CWC for Continental U.S. in 2005

□ no data

Page 10: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

2000 2001 2002

2003 2004 2005

2006 2007 Deviation from mean CWC (%)<-80

-80 to -60-60 to -40-40 to -20-20 to 00 to 2020 to 4040 to 6060 to 80>80State of California boundary

Low

High

Regional-San Diego Wildfires September 2007: CWC

Trabucco et al. unpublished■ no data

Page 11: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 12: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

NDVI and Corresponding monthly flux tower data

NDVI isn’t predictive of the net CO2 flux

NDVI image March/April  2007

Donatella Zona et al.In prep.

Page 13: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

NDVI image August 2007

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b)

NDVI and Corresponding monthly flux tower data

NDVI isn’t predictive of the net CO2 flux

Donatella Zona et al.In prep.

Page 14: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Scaling Fluxes to Region: Land Cover Classification

TonziVairaJasper RidgeSherman IslandBlodgett Forest unclassified % of Class in Image

March-April

SAM classification AVIRIS trained of 5 eddy flux tower footprint classes

Page 15: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Scaling Fluxes to Region: Land Cover Classification

% of Class in Image

TonziVairaJasper RidgeSherman IslandBlodgett Forest unclassified

August

Page 16: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Mapping Invasive Species: Co‐occurrence of multiple phenologic stages

June: Water hyacinth with short rounded leaves

Summer: Water hyacinth: flowering

August: Water hyacinth with vertical leaves

October: Senescent foliage February: Water hyacinth residue

Page 17: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Floating Species

Challenges: Water hyacinth is spectrally similar: •co‐occurring floating & emergent species•sunlit portions of tree crowns•multiple phenological stages at any acquisition time

Pennywort (gold) Water Hyacinth (yellow green)

Refle

ctance (*

 10,00

0)

Wavelength (µm)

Page 18: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 19: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

ET estimated using ET estimated using MASTER data and SEBSMASTER data and SEBS

Low ET High ET

almonds

Pistachios

Nandita Gaur, SARP student 2009

Max. Irrigation

Agriculture and Water Demand

Page 20: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Biological soil crust under simulated Biological soil crust under simulated climate changeclimate change

False Color Infrared

~3m spatial resolution

MNF TransformMNF Band 4MNF Band 5MNF Band 9

Summer irrigation, nitrogen, and disturbance treatments simulate predicted climate and

environmental change conditions

Irrigation & DisturbanceIrrigation Disturbance & Nitrogen

Page 21: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Lichen cover Lichen cover vsvs global change global change treatmenttreatment

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Continuum removal of Chl Feature

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Irrigation

Disturbance

Nitrogen

Irrigation + Nitrogen

Ustin et al., RSE 2009

Page 22: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

VQ2 Thematic Subquestions

VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance?VQ2b: How are seasonal patterns of ecosystem function being affected by climate change?VQ2c: How do changes in phenology affect productivity, carbon sequestration, and hydrological processes across ecosystems and agriculture?VQ2d: How do environmental stresses affect the seasonality of the physiological function of water and carbon exchanges within ecosystems?VQ2e:What is the seasonality and environmental impact of algal blooms in shallow water environments?

Page 23: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Field data pointsLIFEFORM

G SAV

G emergentG water

Hyacinth 2006

SAV

waterways

0 1 2 3 40.5Km

June 2005SAV Presence/absence

NDVI

Spray Tracks

SAV Density

Venice cutVenice cut

June 2005

Oct. 2005

Sacramento-San JoaquinDelta

Page 24: VQ2. Function, Physiology, and Seasonal Activity...VQ2 Thematic Subquestions VQ2a: How are these being altered by changes in climate, land use, and disturbance? VQ2b: How are seasonal

Interannual Spread of SAV

Maria Joao Santos et al., in prep.