Voluntary Voluntary Carbon Offset in Japan...

Office of Market MechanismsClimate Change Policy Division, Global Environment Bureau

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Voluntary

Japan 2012

Office of Market MechanismsClimate Change Policy Division, Global Environment Bureau

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

March, 2013

Voluntary Carbon Offset in

Japan 2012

Climate Change Policy Division, Global Environment Bureau

Carbon Offset in

Table of Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

Opening Feature: Good Practice regarding Carbon Offset........................................... 3

Mie Prefecture: Carbon Offset through Material Recycle Connecting Forest and

Town .......................................................................................................................... 3

Tohoku Festival Carbon Offsetting Project............................................................... 7

Achievement of Carbon Neutrality by the City of Yarra .......................................... 9

The Road to Carbon Neutrality: Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong... 11

Development of Voluntary Carbon Market in Thailand ......................................... 14

Chapter 1 Carbon Offset ............................................................................................. 17

1. Overview of Carbon Offset................................................................................... 17

(1) What is Carbon Offset? ................................................................................... 17

(2) Carbon Offsetting Scheme .............................................................................. 21

2. Status of Carbon Offsetting Efforts in Japan...................................................... 24

(1) Awareness of Carbon Offset............................................................................ 24

(2) Dissemination of Carbon Offsetting Information ........................................... 25

(3) Number of Carbon offset activities in Japan.................................................. 28

3. Carbon Schemes in the World ............................................................................. 29

Chapter 2 Credits Used for Carbon Offset ................................................................. 32

1. Outline of Credits Used for Carbon Offset .......................................................... 32

(1) Credits used for Carbon Offset ....................................................................... 32

(2) Two Credit Generation Approaches................................................................ 33

2. Domestic Schemes for Credit Generation............................................................ 34

(1) Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme ........................................................................ 34

(2) Domestic Clean Development Mechanism...................................................... 40

(3) New Crediting Scheme.................................................................................... 42

3. Current Status of Carbon Credit Trading around the World.............................. 43

(1) Trends in Voluntary Markets ......................................................................... 43

(2) Overseas VER Systems................................................................................... 45

Chapter 3 Current Status of Global Warming Measures Using Market Mechanisms49

Conclusion: Prospects of Carbon Offset ...................................................................... 55

Appendix 1: Projects Registered under the Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme ............... 56

Appendix 2: List of Carbon Offset Certified Projects ................................................. 63

Appendix 3: List of Carbon Neutral Certified Projects .............................................. 68

Appendix 4: List of Carbon Neutral Plan Registered Projects ................................... 68

1

Introduction

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1 pointed out the occurrence of

global-scale climate changes, such as a worldwide increase in the number of days and nights

with higher temperatures and rising trend in the frequency of torrential rain falls in multiple

regions in its special report published in 20122. According to the report, some of these changes

are the “results of anthropogenic influences, including increased atmospheric concentrations of

greenhouse gasses (hereafter referred to as GHGs).” If our societies continue to emit a large

volume of GHGs in the future, unprecedented meteorological/climatic disasters are expected to

occur, which in turn could lead to food security problems and economic losses.

The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC), which has been held for the world to tackle this issue, reached an

agreement at its 15th session (COP15) to keep the global temperature rise at 2 degrees C or

below as a long-term goal.3 In addition, Japan shall demonstrate international leadership in

developing low-carbon society for the future, since Japan is advocating a long-term goal of

“reducing the current global GHG emission to half by 2050”4.

The IPCC report indicated that “Actions that range from incremental steps to transformational

changes are essential for reducing risks from climate extremes.” As such, independent efforts

by social entities such as citizens and corporations are indispensable for emission reduction in

all fronts from industry, transportation, business operation, to household. One of approaches

that promote these independent efforts is carbon offset utilizing market mechanisms. It aims to

encourage global-warming preventive actions by providing economic incentives according to

the volume of GHG emission reduction or sinking.

We published this report for the purpose of enhancing proper understanding and information

dissemination concerning carbon offset. First, the report as its opening feature introduces six

notable good practices regarding carbon offset within and outside Japan. Then, in the first

chapter, the overview of carbon offset and its domestic and international programs as well as

activities are explained while the second chapter describes the overview of credits used for

carbon offset and their schemes. The third chapter presents various examples of global

1 IPCC (http://www.ipcc.ch/)Next session of IPCC WGII (Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability) will be held in Japan in 2014. WGII AR5 SPM isplanned to be approved at the meeting. (http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=16203)

2 IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation：SREX (http://ipcc-wg2.gov/SREX/)

3 “Key achievements and Summary of COP15 (in Copenhagen),” Ministry of the Environment, Japan(http://www.env.go.jp/council/seisaku_kaigi/epc006/mat01.pdf) (in Japanese)

4 “Guidelines for Carbon Offsetting in Japan,” Ministry of the Environment, Japan(http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/mechanism/carbon_offset/guideline/guideline080207.pdf) (in Japanese)

2

warming prevention measures utilizing the market mechanism in countries and regions around

the world. Lastly, as the conclusion, the future prospects of carbon offset are discussed.

Opening Feature: Good Practice regarding

Mie Prefecture: Carbon

and Town

We, the

mission, which is to reduce environmental burdens and create a

sustainable society by collect

resources such as used paper and aluminum cans discarded in daily

life. To meet this goal, we have established a highly efficient transport system, The

Container-based Recyclable Resource Collection System, and further developed this into a

computerized system called Eco

now expanding nationwide.

The system, created through

non-profit organizations, continuously calculates environmental burdens and proposes ways

to minimize GHG emissions. Now, we have additional collabo

generating project, the Sustainable Forest Management Project in the Upstream Region of

Miyagawa River, Odai-town. Up till now, there were portions of GHG emissions we were

unable to eliminate generated by carriers/deliver

bringing in recyclable resources to Eco

have created a new mechanism to automatically offset the GHG emissions. Our effort based

on this new mechanism resulted in

accordance with the MOE’s Carbon

This mechanism automatically calculates our customers’ points for the value of recyclable

resources they brought in and accumulates those points on their IC cards, then uses them to

compensate for GHG emissions

3

Good Practice regarding Carbon Offset

Mie Prefecture: Carbon Offset through Material Recycle Connecting Forest

Koji Okawa, President, Kankyoshiko Inc.

We, the Kankyoshiko, have been actively pursuing our company


sustainable society by collecting and transport


, we have established a highly efficient transport system, The

based Recyclable Resource Collection System, and further developed this into a

computerized system called Eco-station. The system started out in Mie prefecture, and is

The system, created through a joint research between Mie University and incorporated

profit organizations, continuously calculates environmental burdens and proposes ways

to minimize GHG emissions. Now, we have additional collaboration with a

project, the Sustainable Forest Management Project in the Upstream Region of

town. Up till now, there were portions of GHG emissions we were

unable to eliminate generated by carriers/deliverers of recyclable resources and customers

bringing in recyclable resources to Eco-stations; but by collaborating with the Project, we


on this new mechanism resulted in the approval of the carbon offsetting certification in

Carbon Offset Certification standards on January 25, 2013.


in and accumulates those points on their IC cards, then uses them to

compensate for GHG emissions for bringing in the resources. Likewise, carriers/deliverers of

Carbon Offset

Connecting Forest

Koji Okawa, President, Kankyoshiko Inc.

Kankyoshiko, have been actively pursuing our company


and transporting recyclable


, we have established a highly efficient transport system, The

based Recyclable Resource Collection System, and further developed this into a

station. The system started out in Mie prefecture, and is

joint research between Mie University and incorporated

profit organizations, continuously calculates environmental burdens and proposes ways

ration with a local offset-credit

project, the Sustainable Forest Management Project in the Upstream Region of

town. Up till now, there were portions of GHG emissions we were

ers of recyclable resources and customers

stations; but by collaborating with the Project, we


the approval of the carbon offsetting certification in

standards on January 25, 2013.


in and accumulates those points on their IC cards, then uses them to

bringing in the resources. Likewise, carriers/deliverers of

4

recyclable resources compensate their portions of the GHG emissions. In this way, GHG

emissions get automatically offset.

Automatic weighing machines set up at the “Forest Eco-stations” measure the amount of

recyclable resources brought in, and customers’ environmental burdens are also calculated at

once. The information on calculated points and carbon offset is centrally managed using a

networked nationwide database. Further, surplus points can be used as local currency at

supermarkets, etc. in the area, which our customers find very appealing.

Image of Carbon Offset by Forest Eco-stations

By linking the offset-credit generating project of forests directly with residents in towns in the

area, this system facilitates carbon offset activities. Currently, there are eight “Forest

Eco-stations” which employ our point system in Mie prefecture (one more is underway),

providing the following benefits to customers beyond being a mere point-giving system and an

environmental burden mitigation means.

1) Awareness of amounts of recyclable materials they bring in and

2) Various ways of using the points, ranging from forest maintenance and regional

development of Odai-town, exchange with shopping certificates that can be used in local

shops, to donations to disaster

3) Cultivation of environmental awareness through organizing tree planting events and

providing opportunities for children to learn about mountains in the area.

Further, since all information o

we can provide clearer and more detailed information on

example, issuing a record for each customer. We can also give out some gifts such as

products made from timbers from forest thinning and

contribution being made to our customers

Because recyclable resources are constantly generated in our daily lives

approach is continuous and very sustainable. It enables local residents to keep offsetting

their emissions and thereby co

No person can protect the environment on their own; cooperation and communication with

others is essential in order to make steady progress. It is our intention to develop a business

that supports the local region and

customers who visit the Forest Eco

Users saving points on their IC cards

5

of recyclable materials they bring in and of GHG emissions.

ways of using the points, ranging from forest maintenance and regional

town, exchange with shopping certificates that can be used in local

shops, to donations to disaster-stricken areas via the Japanese Red Cross Society.

of environmental awareness through organizing tree planting events and


Further, since all information on each IC card is managed centrally via the networked system,

we can provide clearer and more detailed information on carbon offset activities


imbers from forest thinning and saplings based on the amount of

to our customers.

ecyclable resources are constantly generated in our daily lives,


their emissions and thereby contribute to the carbon offset project on an ongoing basis.



that supports the local region and carbon offsetting efforts while working together with our

customers who visit the Forest Eco-stations.

ints on their IC cards Three types of IC cards

GHG emissions.

ways of using the points, ranging from forest maintenance and regional

town, exchange with shopping certificates that can be used in local

stricken areas via the Japanese Red Cross Society.

of environmental awareness through organizing tree planting events and


networked system,

carbon offset activities by, for


based on the amount of

, this carbon offset


project on an ongoing basis.



g together with our

Three types of IC cards

“The

in the Second Carbon Offset Award

We would like to express our gratitude to all relevant parties.

We recognize the importance and responsibility of our business and

It’s our sincere desire

In the photo, we, two persons, are at

6

We won

Minister of the Environment’s Award”

in the Second Carbon Offset Award Contest


importance and responsibility of our business and

desire to make further efforts to better our system.

Carbon Offset Award Ceremony

we, two persons, are at the right in the bottom row


importance and responsibility of our business and

make further efforts to better our system.

the right in the bottom row

Tohoku Festival Carbon Offset

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ohoku Festival Carbon Offset Project

Yuta Saruya, Manager,

Engineering Planning Group, Engineering Department,

Tohoku Ryokka Kankyohozen

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Yuta Saruya, Manager,

Engineering Planning Group, Engineering Department,

Ryokka Kankyohozen

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he Association for Promoting Domestic Clean Development Mechanism in Tohoku has

eamed up with the Tohoku Summer

ommerce and Industry) to support

he association was established by the Tohoku Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, and

ur company was commissioned as

as formed by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of six prefectures in

hese organizers in the region work together to improve the quality of sightseeing in the

egion and to enhance interactions among people throughout Japan as part of the endeavor

o restore/revitalize the areas damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake.

he Tohoku Summer Festival Carbon Offset

ioxide (CO2) emissions gen

roject began in the summer of 2011 while the impacts of the earthquake were being

xtensively covered by the media. Domestic credits produced in the Tohoku region were

tilized by 11 festivals. These credits were generated by nine of small

usinesses and municipal governments through the installation of energy saving equipments

nd other means.

n recognition of not only the project’s contribution to carbon

he profile of Tohoku’s unyielding determination

ation, the project received the award for excellence in the First Carbon Offset Award

Ministry of the Environment) in March of 2011.

n the summer of 2012, the project was expanded

redits generated from 22 business

Tohoku Offset Logo

7


eamed up with the Tohoku Summer Festival Network (Secretariat: Sendai Chamber of

ry) to support carbon offsetting efforts in the Tohoku festivals.


ur company was commissioned as its secretariat. The Tohoku Summer Festival Network

as formed by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of six prefectures in


teractions among people throughout Japan as part of the endeavor


ummer Festival Carbon Offset Project is an effort to compensate for carbon

ioxide (CO2) emissions generated by electricity consumption during the festivals. The



hese credits were generated by nine of small


n recognition of not only the project’s contribution to carbon offset but also our

he profile of Tohoku’s unyielding determination in the face of the disaster throughout the


Ministry of the Environment) in March of 2011.

of 2012, the project was expanded. 21 festivals were offset by

22 businesses in the region.


Festival Network (Secretariat: Sendai Chamber of

in the Tohoku festivals.


its secretariat. The Tohoku Summer Festival Network

as formed by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of six prefectures in Tohoku region.


teractions among people throughout Japan as part of the endeavor


Project is an effort to compensate for carbon

erated by electricity consumption during the festivals. The



hese credits were generated by nine of small-to-medium-sized


but also our efforts to raise

in the face of the disaster throughout the


were offset by domestic

These festivals attracted approximately 13 million visitors in total. The implementation cost of

carbon offset was covered by monetary contributions from 10 members and observers of the

association. At present, the project is extending its scope of carbon

summer to festivals and events throughout year and is planning to raise funds from the

members of the association again next fiscal year.

We have developed the carbon offset

with cooperation from local businesses this fiscal year. From here on, we would like to focus

on further revitalization of the festivals in the area through the expansion of this project while

engaging in PR activities to spread information about carbon

Development Mechanism. We would also like to build a system in which the public

participating in the festivals contributes funds towards carbon

strengthening the sustainability of the project.

Image of 2012 Tohoku Summer Festival Offset

Introducing carbon offset

8


was covered by monetary contributions from 10 members and observers of the

association. At present, the project is extending its scope of carbon offset


members of the association again next fiscal year.

developed the carbon offset system based on locally-generated/purchased credits

cooperation from local businesses this fiscal year. From here on, we would like to focus


engaging in PR activities to spread information about carbon offset and the Domestic Clean


participating in the festivals contributes funds towards carbon offset for the purpose of

strengthening the sustainability of the project.

Image of 2012 Tohoku Summer Festival Offset

Introducing carbon offset Carbon offsettingpromote citizens’

understanding


was covered by monetary contributions from 10 members and observers of the

offset from festivals in


generated/purchased credits

cooperation from local businesses this fiscal year. From here on, we would like to focus


and the Domestic Clean


for the purpose of

ting cards topromote citizens’

understanding

9

Achievement of Carbon Neutrality by the City of Yarra

Hugh Butcher

Greenhouse Gas Program Leader,

City of Yarra, Victoria, Australia

City of Yarra Logo NCOS Certification Label

Carbon Neutral Yarra

Yarra City Council become the first Victorian local government to be certified as carbon

neutral under Australia’s National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) in late November 2012.

Established by the Australian Government in 2010, the NCOS sets transparent requirements

for calculating, auditing and offsetting the carbon footprint of an organisation so it can

achieve 'carbon neutrality'

Yarra is the second Council in Australia, after the City of Sydney, to receive NCOS

certification.

What does becoming carbon neutral mean?

Becoming carbon neutral required Council to measure its emissions and balance them by

investing in accredited practices that are recognised for reducing emissions by the same

amount.

The NCOS program provides strict eligibility requirements for qualifying offset programs, to

ensure confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market from both a consumer and provider

perspective.

These include both national and international schemes.

Investing in carbon neutral practices recognises that climate change is a global issue and

that emission reductions made elsewhere have the same positive effect as those made

locally.

The journey to become carbon neutral

The goal of becoming a carbon neutral organisation was first outlined by Council in its 2008

Yarra Environment Strategy.

Developed through extensive consultation with the community in 2007, the Yarra

Environment Strategy set directions for introducing sustainable initiatives and

reducing Council's own energy use and carbon emissions.

Council prioritised actions to minimise its greenhouse emissions in the following order:

・ Measure all emissions and evaluate the effectiveness of previous reduction measures

・ Avoid using energy at all opportunities and eliminate waste

・ Reduce what energy needs to be used through efficient technology and behavior change

・ Green energy supplies

・ Sequester and offset all residual emissions that can’t

reducing and changing energy supplies.

Council's internal audit concluded that its operations in 2011

14,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide

Council’s offset purchases included

China dedicated to providing NCOS accredited Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) offsets. All

electricity created by the farm’s turbines are in addition to the region’s energy requirements

and displaces the emissions from coal fired power stations that dominate China’s grid.

by switching to low or no emission sources

all residual emissions that can’t be eliminated throu

reducing and changing energy supplies.

concluded that its operations in 2011-12 had generated almost

dioxide emissions (as outlined in the table below).

Council’s offset purchases included investment in a large windfarm in the Hebei province in



e emissions from coal fired power stations that dominate China’s grid.

be eliminated through avoiding,

had generated almost

emissions (as outlined in the table below).

investment in a large windfarm in the Hebei province in



e emissions from coal fired power stations that dominate China’s grid.

Staff who worked for neutrality

In front of efficient thermal power

supply unit with a NCOS

ho worked for neutrality

In front of efficient thermal power

10

investigator

The Road to Carbon Neutrality: Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd., Hong

Established in 1977, Polytrade Paper Corporation Limited is a market leader in quality

premium paper trading. Being environmentally responsible has been incorporated into

Polytrade’s business strategies. Polytrade has

its operations by being the first FSC

measuring its annual corporate carbon footprint in 2008. It later became the first company in

Asia to adopt the internationally recognized standard PAS2060:2010 and achieved a

corporate carbon neutral status. All calculations and status were verified with third party

validation by BSI.

Polytrade is committed to achieving and maintaining carbon neutrality of its operations, which

is achieved through implementation of a carbon footprint management plan to proactively

reduce carbon emission.

The organizational boundary of the corporate carbon footprint

control approach in accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard. The inventory

accounts for 100% of GHG emissions of business activities and operations in which

Polytrade has direct operational control and the full authori

operating policies.

Scope 1, 2 and significant scope 3 emissions were measured. Based on Polytrade’s

corporate carbon footprint quantified, emissions from purchased electricity (scope 2)

contribute more than 70% of the to

combustion by company owned vehicles (Scope 1), staff air and local travel, office paper and

water consumption (scope 3) were also calculated. As required by PAS2060:2010, Polytrade

is required to include no less than 95% of all emission sources.

Environmentally-friendly Product

11

The Road to Carbon Neutrality: Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd., Hong

Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd.



Polytrade’s business strategies. Polytrade has not only brought environmental conscience in

its operations by being the first FSCTM certified company in Hong Kong, but also started


onally recognized standard PAS2060:2010 and achieved a


committed to achieving and maintaining carbon neutrality of its operations, which


The organizational boundary of the corporate carbon footprint was based on operational



Polytrade has direct operational control and the full authority to introduce and implement its



contribute more than 70% of the total emissions. Other emission sources such as mobile fuel



nclude no less than 95% of all emission sources.

friendly Product In-house PAS2060 Training

The Road to Carbon Neutrality: Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong

Polytrade Paper Corporation Ltd.



not only brought environmental conscience in

certified company in Hong Kong, but also started


onally recognized standard PAS2060:2010 and achieved a


committed to achieving and maintaining carbon neutrality of its operations, which


was based on operational



ty to introduce and implement its



tal emissions. Other emission sources such as mobile fuel



house PAS2060 Training

12

To implement the concept of carbon management within the company, Polytrade understands

that staff involvement and understanding are vital. The Management organized a PAS2060

taskforce to initiate and reinforce the green initiatives. Training sessions by external

consultants were conducted to increase understanding and to encourage staff behavior

change. Furthermore, tools such as ‘Green Guidelines’ and ‘Green Tips’ were created and

displayed throughout the office. Further office improvements were carried out, such as

setting up recycled paper collection bins, installing energy efficient light fixtures and switching

to 50% recycled photocopy paper. The reduction in Polytrade’s carbon footprint is the

combined effort of all staffs and results are shared at annual meetings to encourage further

participation.

2011 marks the second year Polytrade has managed its carbon footprint and against the

2010 baseline, the company has successfully reduced its carbon emissions by 12%. Well on

track to achieving their corporate reduction target of 5% per full time employee by 2013. The

remaining carbon emissions have been offset with credits from a Gold Standard® validated

windfarm project in New Caledonia5.

Polytrade’s achievement was first communicated to the client base through a series of

leaflets and newsletters. Information seminars and sharing sessions by industry

professionals were then organized. To further strengthen its corporate image, a call-for-entry

event surrounding the theme of low-carbon lifestyle was organized and publicly promoted.

Since achieving carbon neutral status, Polytrade have used the PAS2060:2010 logo in

various marketing materials and successfully won several environmental awards.

Participants looking at catalogues made by low-carbon papers

As a result of implementing PAS2060 in 2011, Polytrade have seen a 13% reduction in

overall carbon emissions when compared with the base year (2010). Carbon emission from

energy consumption amounts to about 70% of total company carbon emission and there was

a significant reduction of 20% in 2011. This decline is partly the result of installing

energy-efficient lighting retrofits and changing staff behavior. There was also a 45% reduction

5 Gold Standard® Voluntary Emissions Reductions (GS VER)

13

in carbon emission from a reduction in photocopying paper usage and from the switch to a

50% recycled paper. Furthermore, Polytrade received an increased number of invitations

from institutes and associations to be guest speakers, reinforcing its corporate image,

resulting in increased exposure and client confidence. Polytrade is committed to achieving

and maintaining carbon neutrality of its operations and will continue to proactively reduce its

carbon emissions.

The following is a comment by Mr. Wilfred Chan, Asia Pacific Sustainability Portfolio Manager,

BSI

“On behalf of BSI, the world leading standard organization, I am pleased to witness and

recognize Polytrade Paper’s effort and achievement throughout the PAS 2060 carbon neutral

process. Obtaining independent PAS 2060 certification from BSI is a ‘more-than-credible’

proof to demonstrate Polytrade Paper’s commitment on saving environment, as well as their

support to voluntary carbon projects operating somewhere else in the world, to bring

nationwide environmental and economic benefits. Like environmental protection,

commitment to carbon neutrality is never an one-shot action. I am delighted to see Polytrade

Paper setting herself a good model to the market who wishes to make a difference in

pursuing a sustainable low carbon future.”

14

Development of Voluntary Carbon Market in ThailandPongvipa Lohsomboon, Office Director, Carbon Business Office,

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)

Voluntary projects can be an advantage for developers who are interested in developing

emissions reduction projects at a lower cost and in a shorter period of time compared to

CDM6 projects. Furthermore, development of voluntary projects can enable buyers such as

companies and individuals to participate in mitigating climate change through reducing their

carbon footprint and enhance their corporate social responsibility (CSR) image. Thailand,

therefore, is working towards establishing a strong voluntary carbon market in order to:

・Support voluntary GHG reduction activities

・Achieve cost-effective GHG reduction

・Learn how to manage domestic emissions trading and carbon offsetting

・Give economic incentives to encourage private companies to reduce GHG emissions

voluntarily with their own targets.

In order to develop infrastructures of a domestic Voluntary Emissions Reduction Scheme

(T-VER) and Voluntary Emissions Trading Scheme (Thailand V-ETS), Thailand has engaged

in fruitful international cooperation with Japan on projects “Capacity Building and

Consultation on Establishment of Thailand Voluntary Emissions Reduction (T-VER) Program

and Thailand Voluntary Emissions Trading Scheme (TVETS)” implemented by IGES and

supported by Ministry of Environment in Japan. After a series of consultation meetings with

IGES and OECC, TGO decided to use the MRV from J-VER and JVETS and modify them to

be suitable for the Thai schemes. TGO also developed “the National Guideline of Carbon

Offsetting Program and Certification” after a thorough, literature review and analysis of many

examples around the world (i.e. Japan Carbon Offset Scheme, PAS 2060 etc.). IGES experts

also gave their recommendations and technical assistance on Carbon Offsetting Programme

(T-COP) and the National Guideline.

Thailand Voluntary Emissions Reduction Scheme (T-VER)

Thailand will establish a domestic voluntary market that generates offset credits, namely

TVERs, which can be used by domestic buyers for offsetting purposes and corporate social

responsibility (CSR). Domestic MRV, national registry and additionality criteria will be

developed to support the scheme. The T-VER scheme is expected to be launched by October

2013.

6 Activities that carry out emission reduction/absorption projects in host countries (Non-Annex I countries) specifiedunder Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol which do not have any commitment to reduce their GHG emissions. For theemission reduction (or sink) resulting from a project, Certified Emission Reduction (CERs) will be issued as credits.(http://www.kyomecha.org/about/mechanisms.html)

15

Specifically, the scheme will use a baseline-and-credit approach to calculate carbon credits

and there is no limitation to size of projects. Additionally, the scheme will cover three gases:

carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Under T-VER, projects’

starting date is the first date of recording data on GHG emission. The crediting period for

non-forestry projects is seven years and forestry projects twenty years. Moreover, the

crediting period takes into effect from the starting date of a project and not more than one

year prior to submission to T-VER registry. Lastly, types of project that are eligible to

participate in the T-VER scheme include; energy efficiency, alternative energy, renewable

energy, solid waste and transportation management, forestry and green area and agriculture.

Thailand Voluntary Emission Trading Scheme (Thailand V-ETS)

Thailand V-ETS has been developing to effectively reduce GHGs through a cap-and-trade

system. TGO worked together with Faculty of Economics of Thammasat University to identify

target industries that have the potential to join the voluntary market, to determine calculation

methodologies in defining the baselines of GHG emissions and to establish calculation

methodologies of industries from their GHG emissions.

Thailand V-ETS allows enterprises to participate in the domestic carbon market voluntarily

without identifying target industries and encourage them to reduce energy related CO2.

Thailand V-ETS aims to adopt an absolute reduction target in which emission baselines

include both direct and indirect emissions (scope 1 and 2). Lastly, participating enterprises

will be allocated allowances through grandfathering method7 in the trial phase. Further

details on operational rules and MRV are under development. The Thailand V-ETS is

expected to be launched by October 2014.

Carbon Offsetting Program (T-COP)

T-COP is under development in conjunction with the T-VER scheme as a further method of

promoting GHG reduction from activities of individuals, products & services, organizations

and events. TGO has developed GHG assessment tools i.e. Carbon Foot Print (CFP) of

products and organizations, web-based CFP calculation tool for individuals. Under T-COP,

carbon credits such as CERs, VERs and TVERs will be eligible for use. However, in the early

stages, eligible credit types are limited to CERs and VERs from domestic projects only.

Additionally, carbon credits must be generated from projects that are additional.

In T-COP, the general concept for applicants who wish to apply for the Carbon Neutral and

Carbon Offset certificate is the amount of GHG emissions must firstly be measured and

reduced through own efforts. In order to cover for their unavoided emissions, companies may

purchase CERs, TVERs etc. and verify their mitigation activities by a third-party which is

7 An allowance allocation method by which allowances are issued to entities according to their past GHG emissionsrecords for a particular year or period.

registered with TGO. This is required to ensure viabi

permanent GHG reduction and to prevent carbon leakage. Upon verification, applicants may

receive the related certificate from TGO.

Meeting of TGO, OECC, and IGES

16

registered with TGO. This is required to ensure viability and quality of carbon offsets,


receive the related certificate from TGO.

Meeting of TGO, OECC, and IGES

lity and quality of carbon offsets,


17

Chapter 1 Carbon Offset

This chapter outlines carbon offset mechanisms and effects as well as ongoing carbon

offsetting efforts in and out of Japan.

1. Overview of Carbon Offset

(1) What is Carbon Offset?

“Carbon offset” is an action to partially or entirely offset emissions generated from certain

activities through constituent members of society (e.g. citizens, businesses, NPOs/NGOs, and

local or national governments) through (1) recognizing the amount of their own GHG emissions,

(2) proactively making efforts to reduce their GHG emissions; and (3) compensating for

unavoidable emissions by purchasing GHG emission reduction/sinking generated elsewhere

(hereafter referred to as “credits8”) or by implementing projects/activities that lead to achieving

reduction/sinking elsewhere9.

Figure 1: Overview of Carbon Offset

Carbon offsetting efforts are carried out through the following three steps of “recognize, reduce,

and offset.”

(1) STEP1 Recognize:

Recognize the amount of GHG emissions from houses, offices, events, factories (in

manufacturing processes), travel and transport.

8 Credits are also called offset credits, carbon credits, emission rights, etc.9 MOE “Guidelines for Carbon Offsetting in Japan” (July 2008)

(http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/mechanism/carbon_offset/guideline/guideline080207.pdf) (in Japanese)

18

(2) STEP2 Reduce:

Reduce GHG emissions through introducing energy saving equipments, practice energy

saving activities or using transportation with low environmental burdens, etc.

(3) STEP3 Offset:

Offset unavoidable emissions with credits created by implementing GHG emission

reduction/sinking projects elsewhere.

* See chapter 2 for detailed explanation on credits.

Three Step of Carbon Offsetting

2

Recognize １

２

３Offsetting

Reduce

Calculate CO2 Emissions

Make efforts to reduce CO2

Offset unavoidableemissions by purchasingcredits generated from GHGreductions/sink projects.

Figure 2: Three Steps of Carbon Offset

(Source: Dissemination Tool of Carbon Offset Forum (J-COF))

[Classification]

Carbon offset activities can be classified according to types and activities as follows:

Offsets for Products/Services: Offsetting GHG emissions resulting from the manufacture, use or

disposal of products, or from the providing or the use of services.

(e.g.) -Offsetting GHG emissions resulting from the manufacture processing or transportation of

food or household electric appliances

-Offsetting GHG emissions due to travel

19

Offsets for Conferences/Events: Offsetting GHG emissions resulting from the holding of

international conferences, concerts, sporting events, etc.

(e.g.) -Offsetting GHG emission associated with the energy consumption at concert venues and

for the travel of its participants

-Offsetting GHG emissions associated with energy consumption at international

conference venues, as well as for the travel and accommodation of its participants

Offsets for Internal/Personal Activities: Offsetting GHG emitted from activities carried out by

applicants themselves.

(e.g.) -Offsetting GHG emissions associated with annual usage of electricity, gas and water and

waste disposals at head offices of companies

-Offsetting GHG emissions associated with usage of electricity, gas, etc. at home

[Significance and Effect of Carbon Offset Activities]

Among various global warming preventive measures, carbon offset activities can be said to be

a meaningful tool that helps all parts of society, including citizens and businesses, visualize

their own GHG emissions and reduce them proactively. It is expected that the continuous efforts

of carbon offset activities will lead people’s lifestyles and corporate activities to become low

carbon. In addition, through the purchase of credits, carbon offset activities will contribute to

promoting money flow into GHG emission reduction/sinking projects implemented in and out of

Japan (See Figure 3). As part of various restoration projects in response to the Great East

Japan Earthquake that occurred in 2011, credit creation projects are proactively carried out

uniting those carrying out projects in the local areas and supporters that offset their emissions

with the credits10.

Figure 3: Money Flow of Carbon offset activities

10Offsetting through credits created by the activities in disaster areas (Disaster area J-VER) (http://fukko-j-ver.go.jp/)

Sales paid to business for offset products/services are used to generate carbon credits under the carbonoffset mechanism, leading to encouraging greater reduction/sinking of greenhouse gas emissions.

ConsumersBusinesses etc

ManufacturesRetailers etc

ProvidersThose carrying

out offsets

20

While businesses can improve their energy efficiency and cut costs by calculating their GHG

emissions, they can also demonstrate their carbon offsetting efforts to gain certificated Carbon

Offsetting certification labels as part of their CSR activities through information provision in PR

activities and appeal to the public that they are environmentally highly motivated to stop global

warming together with citizens. Citizens and businesses’ carbon offsetting activities are

expected to create jobs and help drive local economies in the long run, which in turn will bring

about great benefits to their economies as a whole.

[Stepping Up to Carbon Neutral]

The number of carbon offset activities has been increasing in Japan as well as in many other

countries. With more carbon offset activities, standards and schemes for “carbon neutral” have

been developed. Difference between carbon offset and carbon neutral is offsetting ratio of

carbon emission. The former covers partial emissions, while the latter covers all. Recently,

some countries and cities with high environmental awareness target to be carbon neutral11.

Companies have also begun to tackle carbon neutral initiatives to improve their CSR activities

as well as to further gain consumers’ trust.

The world’s largest computer software company, Microsoft, has made a companywide

commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by the end of FY2013. The company has announced

that it is addressing energy efficiency, and charges an internal carbon cost from each

department for the amount of CO2 emitted from each department and uses that money to

purchase renewable energy or credits for offsetting.12

FedEx Corporation, a global delivery service company, announced in April 2012 that it would

carry out a carbon neutral initiative called “FedEx Carbon-neutral Envelope Shipping”. The

annual total amount of CO2 emitted by envelope shipping for delivery all over the world will be

neutralized.13

In Japan, the Carbon Neutral Certification Standard for organizations was formulated in 2011,

and the carbon neutral certification is now issued in the Carbon Offsetting Scheme.

11 Case of Maldives (http://www.maldivesmission.ch/index.php?id=68)Case of Norway (http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/fin/campaign/carbon-neutral-norway.html?id=479281)Case of Iceland (http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=585&ArticleID=6145)Case of British Columbia in Canada

(http://www.livesmartbc.ca/blog/2011/bc-government-announces-carbon-neutrality.html)Case of Yarra City in Australia

(http://www.yarracity.vic.gov.au/News/yarra-becomes-victorias-first-carbon-neutral-council/)12 Microsoft (http://www.microsoft.com/environment/our-commitment/our-footprint.asp)13 FedEx (http://www.fedex.com/us/fedexupdates/April-2012/carbon-footprint.html)

21

(2) Carbon Offsetting Scheme

Initiated by the government of Japan, the Carbon Offsetting Scheme14 was launched in Japan

as of May 2012 to certify Carbon Offset activities. This scheme consists of the Third-Party

Certification Program and the Carbon Offset Provider Program.

[Carbon Offsetting Scheme Management Structure]

The Carbon Offsetting Scheme consists of three independent committees; the Carbon

Offsetting Scheme Steering Committee, the Registration and Certification Committee, the

Monitoring Committee (hereafter referred to as the “Steering, Registration and Certification and

Monitoring Committees” respectively).

The Steering Committee is in place to deliberate on establishment, revision or abolishment of

standards, etc. necessary to carry out the scheme. The Registration and Certification

Committee is responsible for the registration of verification and certification bodies as well as

the approval of “Carbon Neutral Certification”. The Monitoring Committee checks the conflicts

or fairness of the Committees, the violations against the standard by applicants who have been

given “Carbon Neutral Certification,” etc. and illegal use of certification labels by others than

those certified under the Third Party Certification Program.

Figure 4: Japan Carbon Offsetting Scheme Management Structure

[Third Party Certification Program]

The Third Party Certification Program for Carbon Offset consists of two categories: Carbon

Offset Certification for carbon offset activities and Carbon Neutral Certification/Plan

Registration for carbon neutral activities.

14 The Carbon Offsetting Scheme launched as a succeeding scheme of the Carbon offsetting Certification Scheme startedin 2008 and Carbon Neutral Certification Scheme in 2011.

Monitoring Committee

Survey and Recommendation



22

Carbon Offset Certification

A certification body certifies whether a carbon offsetting initiative meets the Third Party

Certification Standards for Carbon Offset. The certification body must be accredited under JIS

Q 14065 (Validation/Verification of GHGs calculation) by an IAF-MLA member in Japan that has

signed the Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (MLA) of International Accreditation Forum

(IAF). Currently, six certification bodies have been registered. Applicants for carbon offset

certification must have their projects reviewed by a certification body.

Under the Carbon Offset Certification, there is some loosening to make it more accessible even

for those applying for the first time. Firstly, applicants are allowed to determine their scope of

emission calculation on their own responsibilities. Secondly, the emission reduction efforts are

reviewed by not quantitative, but qualitative analysis.

Once Carbon Offset Certification is obtained, it is allowed to display the certification labels and

widely demonstrate that their efforts have acquired the Carbon Offset Certification based on the

criteria of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and also allowed to use the labels in sales

promotions or CSR activities to show that the carbon offsetting effort is reliable. Among the 58

cases15 that have been certified, many of them are in the products/services (25 cases) and

conferences/events (13 cases) classifications (as of February 2013).

Figure 5: Carbon Offset Certification Labels

Carbon Neutral Certification/Plan Registration

For Carbon Neutral Certification, verification bodies verify whether carbon neutral activities of

organizations meet the Third Party Certification Standards for Carbon Offset and then the

Registration and Certification Committee certifies those activities to be carbon neutral. In

addition to the carbon neutral certification, “Carbon Neutral Plan Registration” is established to

register activities with plans to be carbon neutral in a few years. Verification bodies are the ones

accredited under JIS Q 14065 by IAF-MLA member, using a scheme in compliance with JIS Q

14064-1. Currently, 12 verification bodies are registered. Activities aiming for carbon natural

certification or plans for carbon neutral plan registration must be reviewed and verified by the

15 List of Carbon Offset Certification Projects (http://www.jcs.go.jp/companylist.html )

23

verification bodies before submitting applications to the Registration and Certification

Committee.

For carbon neutral certification/Plan Registration, the standards are set in compliance with the

ISO 14064s and it is more severely judged than the carbon offsetting certification. For example,

scope 1 and 2 emissions16 are essential boundaries, while scope 3 is voluntary. A base year

must be determined to quantify amounts of emissions reduction. Applicants can make an

appeal in and out of Japan that their efforts are recognized as being in compliance with

international standards. Moreover, since GHG emissions from the entire operation are

quantified, the organization can find out potentials for emissions reduction and operation cost

saving.

Figure 6: Carbon Neutral Certification Labels

[Carbon Offset Provider Program]

The Carbon Offset Provider Program is designed to ensure reliability and transparency of offset

providers.

Offset providers applying for the program are examined (preliminary screening) for their

ongoing handling of emission credits to see whether their reliability and transparency fulfill a

certain criterion. Then, after being validated by the Registration and Certification Committee,

they are registered as offset providers in the Offset Provider Program.

What Is a Carbon Offset Provider?

The Offset Providers provide credits to customers who want to implement carbon offset, and

also offer consultations for carbon offset. They may also carry out part of offset activities on

behalf of customers. While this kind of work is not stipulated under any industry acts, business

as offset providers is recently growing.

16 Scope 1: direct emissions related to applicants’ activities or operations, Scope 2: indirect emissions for energyconsumption such as purchased electricity, Scope 3: emissions (indirect GHG emissions excluding the above Scope 1 and 2cases).

24

In order to ensure reliability of carbon offset activities, it is essential that the credits used for

offset are appropriately procured and invalidated. Therefore, offset providers, who are closely

involved in this process, play an important role in carbon offset.

2. Status of Carbon Offsetting Efforts in Japan

(1) Awareness of Carbon Offset

To pursue carbon offset activities, citizens, businesses, NPOs/NGOs and local/national

governments must participate in these activities proactively.

According to the survey on awareness of carbon offset17 conducted at the Eco Products

Exhibition 2012 held in December 2012, around 60% know the word “carbon offset” and around

40% know the carbon offsetting labels. Since the results are based on the answers from the

people more interested in environment, the rates among general people are expected to be

lower.

Figure7: Awareness of Carbon Offset

(Surveyed at Eco Products Exhibition 2012 by J-COF)

According to the survey on companies 18 carried out by the Overseas Environmental

Cooperation Center of Japan, the following comments were given: “Awareness of carbon offset

is generally low, so the Japanese government and related agencies should enhance its

understanding among people through publicity campaigning,” or “Interest in global warming

measures among consumers and those in charge of CSR in companies is decreasing because

Japan doesn’t set the target in the Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period. So it is

necessary to make people recognize the importance of global warming mitigation through

carbon offset.”

17 The survey on 826 participants who visited the booth of “Carbon Offset Forum (J-COF)” by MOE18 “Inquiries on the Sates of Emission Trading through Carbon Offsetting” by the Overseas Environmental Cooperation

Center of Japan

25

It is essential to continue to provide easy-to-understand information, to raise environmental

consciousness in society and to invite participation in the Carbon Offset Scheme, as well as to

create simpler mechanisms or systems of carbon offset.

(2) Dissemination of Carbon Offsetting Information

The Ministry of the Environment (MOE) has been providing information on carbon offset to

promote collaborations among various networks so that all citizens can easily participate in the

carbon offset activities. The MOE has been working to raise awareness of carbon offsetting

efforts, to promote such efforts, and to create fair markets in order to enhance proactive efforts

of emission reductions in the entire society, as well as to support projects of GHG

reduction/sinking in Japan and overseas

Figure 8: MOE and cooperation with organizations responsible for promoting carbon

offset

[Carbon Offset Forum (J-COF)]

To build a low-carbon society, the Carbon Offset Forum (J-COF) was established on April 1,

2008 to gather/provide information, disseminate, and provide consultation and support on

carbon offset initiatives. J-COF serves as an integrated contact point for providing online

information, creating and providing tools to generate public awareness on carbon offset, and

managing and exhibiting at events and seminars. One such event to promote carbon offset is

the Carbon Market EXPO, which provides the latest information and educational activities on

global warming measures through consultation booths provided by businesses and local

governments working on carbon offset and producing J-VER credits, exhibition of eco-friendly

products, and presentations by businesses and local governments. A total of 97 groups

participated in the Carbon EXPO 2013 held in February 2013.

26

[Carbon Offset Promotion Network (CO-Net)]

The Carbon Offset Promotion Network (CO-Net) established in April 2009 is a voluntary

organization in which companies, NPOs and local governments participate for the purpose of

the realization of a low carbon society through carbon offsetting mechanisms. Their activities

include planning seminars and study sessions, planning and implementing carbon offsetting

lectures, and presenting the Carbon Offset Award.

Table 1: Winners of Minister’s Prize in the Second Carbon Offset Award

Award Winner’s Name Content of Award

Award byMinister of theEnvironment

Kankyoshiko Inc.in Odai-town,Mie Prefecture

Offsetting the activities ofForest Eco-station withOdai-town J-VER credits

Award byMinister ofEconomy, Tradeand Industry

UnicharmCorporation

Disaster Area Support by“Great East Japan EarthquakeReconstruction through J-VERCredit Utilization Scheme”

Table 2: Structure of Carbon Offset Course Textbook

Part 1:For Coordinators

Part 1 aims to build a certain level ofunderstanding about carbon offset. Significanceand effects of offset are also explained.

Part 2:For Advisors

Part 2 describes points to keep in mind whenplanning products and events utilizing carbonoffset, and describes domestic global warmingmeasures and systems.

27

[Japan Carbon Action Platform (JCAP)]

To promote policy measures to prevent global warming in Japan, the Japan Carbon Action

Platform (JCAP) was established in June 2008 by the Japanese government along with local

governments much interested in tackling the issue of global warming in Japan. JCAP helps

members seek for greater collaboration and cooperation on specific measures through sharing

information and exchanging opinions on various initiatives that make use of market

mechanisms.

Figure 11: Overview of the Japan Carbon Action Platform (JCAP)

[Certification Center on Climate Change (CCCCJ or 4CJ)]

Aiming for the realization of a low carbon society, the Certification Center on Climate Change

(CCCCJ) was established on October 24, 2008, located within the “Overseas Environmental

Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC)”. CCCCJ has been working to improve the transparency

and reliability of climate change projects and is involved in the Carbon Offsetting Scheme as

the secretariat and in the Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme as well.

(3) Number of Carbon offset activities in Japan

According to the press release information, the number of activities that are believed to have

made use of the carbon offsetting mechanisms has reached 1,211 in total (as of January 31,

2013) (See Figure 12).

Of dome

the man

followed

Figure

Figure 12: Tren

stic carbon offse

ufacturing industr

by the wholesale

13: No. of Cases

Dec. 2007 FY20

28

ds in the No. of Carbon offset activities by Type in Japan

tting cases, looking at cases of “market based type product service”,

y has the largest share, making up almost 30% (217 out of 783 cases),

/retail and then the service sectors (See Figure 13).

of Market-Based Type - Carbon offset for Product or Service by

Industry-

(As of the end of January, 2013)

08 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 Jan.

29

Turning attention to the Carbon Offsetting Scheme, 80% of the projects certified in FY2012

were ones certified for the first time. This is probably due to the fact that the significance and

effects of Carbon Offsetting Scheme have begun to be widely recognized, and a greater

number of companies have begun to incorporate offsetting activities in their business

operations to carry out CSR activities and to support the disaster stricken areas through the use

of J-VER issued in those areas. Regarding the Carbon Neutral Certification/Plan Registration

program, only one case was certified as carbon neutral and 4 cases were registered under the

Plan Registration program (as of January 2013). Although the numbers are still small, more

businesses seem to be interested in the carbon neutral scheme, judging from the increase of

inquiries.

3. Carbon Schemes in the World

With entities’ proactive CSR activities and higher environmental awareness of society as a

whole, various carbon standards and programs have been formulated throughout the world.

Types of these schemes vary from those that provide public frameworks for ensuring adequacy

and transparency to the ones that are offered by certification bodies to provide their own unique

services by original standards. The following provides detailed information related to carbon

standards and programs in the world.

PAS206019 (UK)

UK’s PAS2060 is an international standard issued by the British Standard Institute（BSI）in April

2010, which defines requirements to achieve and prove carbon neutral certification. Coverage

under the standard is activities, events, and products, performed or produced by applicants

(including organizations, governments, groups, and individuals). Consistent methods and

requirements are established to assess carbon footprints, to formulate management plans, and

to reduce emissions. To offset emissions, the following credits are to be used: Certified

Emission Reduction units (CER) generated by carbon reduction/sinking projects in developing

countries through CDM, or credits from Joint Implementation (JI), Verified Carbon Standard

(VCS), etc.

Carbon Clear Limited, an international offset provider, and others certify the carbon neutrality of

projects under PAS2060.

19 BSI (http://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/)

30

National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS)20 (Australia)

Australia’s National Carbon Offset Standard is a carbon neutral certification scheme introduced

by the Australian government with the aim of consumer protection in July 2010. The scheme

targets organizations, products, services and events, and requires carbon footprint calculations,

reduction measures, third party verifications and carbon offsetting implementation. The

calculation standards comply with ISO 14064、ISO 14040、GHG Protocol and the “National

Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007”. To offset, Australian Carbon Credit Units

(ACCUs), credits from the Greenhouse Friendly Program, as well as CERs, Emissions

Reduction Units (ERUs), Removal Units (RMUs), VERs issued by Gold Standard (GS), and

Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) are to be used. As of January 2013, a total of 29 cases, within

which 24 are organizations and 15 are products, have been certified.

carboNZero certification21 (New Zealand)

In 2001, the Crown Research Institute of New Zealand government created the carboNZero

programme to provide the means to contribute to measurement of GHG emissions and carbon

footprints and to their reduction measures. The carbonNZero certification is a carbon neutral

certification system within the programme, and Landcare Research New Zealand Limited (a

state company) operates the entire scheme as the secretariat. The scheme requires carrying

out measurement, management, reduction and third party verification. For calculation, tools

that comply with GHG Protocol and ISO14064 are provided, and for offset, credits generated by

GS, VCS, CDM and JI are to be used. As of January 2013, a total of 124 projects had been

certificated, within which there were 63 organizations, 8 organization/product, 5

organization/service, 4 products, and 44 events. The carboNZero programme also provides

CEMARS® certification that certifies emission measurement and management attributable to

organizations, products and services. As with the carboNZero programme, it requires reduction

and third party verification. As of January 2013, a total of 134 companies had been certified.

The CarbonFree® Product Certification22 (USA)

The CarbonFree® Product Certification is a carbon neutral certification program targeted at

products in the US operated by an NPO, the Carbonfund.org Foundation (Carbonfund.org).

The program requires measuring of the carbon footprint of a product throughout its life cycle

(life cycle assessment-LCA)23, and formulating of emission reduction plans. LCA is to be

carried out based on GHG Protocol, PAS2050, and ISO14044. For offsetting, credits generated

by CDM defined in the Carbonfund.org's quality assurance protocol, American Carbon Registry

(ACR), Climate Action Reserve (CAR), Climate, Community and Biodiversity Project Design

20 National Carbon Offset Standard (http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ncos)21 carboNZero certification (http://www.carbonzero.co.nz/)22 The Carbonfund.org (http://carbonfund.org/)23 LCA seeks to assess environmental impacts through measuring resource consumption and emission associated with all

the process of the production, use and disposal of a product.

31

Standards (CCBS), GS, VCS, etc. may be used. This NPO also provides LCA calculation tools

on its website. The number of certified products totals 109 as of January 2013.

Climate Neutral Guaranteed24 (Holland)

Holland’s Climate Neutral Guaranteed is a carbon neutral certification program for events,

transportation, products, organizations and services, operated by the Climate Neutral Group.

The program sets rules for the establishment of boundaries or scopes, measurement of carbon

footprints, emission reduction efforts, and offsetting. The emissions are measured in

compliance with GHG Protocol and ISO 14064; and to offset, credits created by VCS or GS are

used. The program provides online CO2 calculation tools developed for organizations and

events on its website.

Climate label: “CO2 Neutral”25 (Switzerland)

“CO2 Neutral” is a climate label of Switzerland, which is a carbon neutral certification program

operated by an environment consulting company, Swiss Climate Ltd. The program set rules for

calculation of carbon footprints, credits, and third party verification. To offset, credits generated

by GS, etc. are to be used.

24 Climate Neutral Group (http://climateneutralgroup.com/en/)25 Swiss Climate Ltd (http://swissclimate.ch/e/index.php)

32

Chapter 2 Credits Used for Carbon Offset

This chapter introduces credits used for carbon offset, and then outlines the trends of domestic

and international credit markets.

1. Outline of Credits Used for Carbon Offset

(1) Credits used for Carbon Offset

Credits used for carbon offset are GHG emission reduction/sinking realized by others and used

for “compensation” in carbon offset activities.

While there are various types of credits, those primarily used for carbon offset can be classified

into two types. One of them is the credit called the Verified Emission Reduction (VER).

Generally, a credit trading market for voluntary carbon offset activities is called a voluntary

market, and VER credits are developed to be traded in such markets by national governments

or private organizations based on their specific standards.

The other is the Kyoto units designated by the Kyoto Mechanisms26. There are 4 types of Kyoto

units: Assigned Amount Unit (AAU), Emission Reduction Unit (ERU), CER, and Removal Unit

(RMU). CER issued under CDM, in particular, is widely used for voluntary carbon offset

activities also.

Those that carry out carbon offset can freely choose which type of credit to use for the part not

determined in the certification schemes, taking into consideration the contents of their offsetting

efforts.

[Reliability of Credits]

In order to ensure reliability of credits, it is necessary for credit generation mechanisms to

comply with the following standards.

1) Reduction/sinking resulting from projects that offer credits as offsets must be secure (ensure

certainty)

2) It must ensure that once emission have been reduction/sinking which are realized under a

project would not have otherwise been realized by other existing measures (ensure

additionality). And it must be ensured that once emissions have been sunk, they are not

going to be released again into the atmosphere (ensure permanence).

3) The same credits must not be used multiple times (avoid double counting).

26 Kyoto Mechanism Information Platform (http://www.kyomecha.org/about/mechanisms.html)

33

Regarding 1) and 2), in a project of a forest sink, for example, it is necessary to consider the

possibility of CO2 absorbed and fixed in trees being released again in the atmosphere due to

natural disasters or inappropriate forest management. Measures to address these issues are

crucial.

Regarding 3), to avoid double counting of credits, the compilation of credits registered and

implementation of proper invalidation of credits must be carried out appropriately.

(2) Two Credit Generation Approaches

1) Baseline & credits approach

The gap between GHG emissions that would have occurred without a GHG reduction/sinking

project and the emissions that occur when a reduction/sinking project is carried out is defined

as a credit. They include CER issued by CDM, VER such as J-VER, etc.

Credits under the Baseline & Credits Scheme have two types of credits: reduction credits and

sink credits. Reduction credits are those generated by GHG emissions reduction projects, such

as upgrading facilities with poor energy efficiency to the ones with higher efficiency, replacing

fossil fuels with renewable energy, etc. On the other hand, sink credits are generated by CO2

sink projects that absorb and fix CO2 through promoting an appropriate forest-thinning and tree

planting.

Figure 14: Image of Credits Creating Method under Baseline & Credits Scheme

2) Cap & trade approach

A regulator sets upper limit of GHG emissions, then allots emission allowances (quota) to

emitting parties. A party whose emission falls below its allowance can trade the remainder.

Those include EU Allowance Unit (EAU) traded in the European Union Emission Trading

34

Scheme (EU-ETS)27 and those generated through the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s

Cap-and-Trade Program (Small and Midsize Facility Credits in Tokyo)28.

Seen as figure 15 below, Allowances generated by Cap & Trade Scheme are intended to be

used in the cap and trade system and, in principle, are not intended to be used for voluntary

carbon offset. Therefore, for voluntary activities, it is common to use reduction emissions

credits generated from a baseline & credits scheme.

Figure 15: Image of Credit Generatio

2. Domestic Schemes for Credit Ge

In Japan, credit certification schemes for carbon o

national government-initiated projects since 2008

established by the Ministry of the Environmen

launched by MOE, the Ministry of Economy, Trade

Forestry and Fisheries. These two schemes had

the end of FY 2012 and a new credit scheme29 th

(1) Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme30

This scheme was established by MOE in Nove

sinking derives from domestic GHG emissions red

used for carbon offset and others.

27 EU-ETS (http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm)28 Environment Bureau, Metropolitan Tokyo Government

(http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/climate/large_scale/cap_an29 New credit scheme (tentative) (http://japancredit.go.jp) (in Jap30 Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme (http://www.j-ver.go.jp/) (in Japa

n based on Cap & Trade Scheme

neration

ffset have been established and operated as

. They are the Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme

t (MOE) and the Domestic Credit scheme

and Industry, and the Ministry of Agriculture,

stopped accepting new project registration at

at combines the two is to start in FY 2013.

mber 2008. It certifies emissions reduction/

uction/sinking projects as credits that can be

d_trade/index.html) (in Japanese)anese)nese)

This year

35

This scheme can be used not only for voluntary carbon offset but also for GHG Accounting and

Reporting Program under Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures. The J-VER

scheme has been operated as a highly reliable certification scheme that is in accordance with

ISO14064.

[Management Structure of the Scheme]

The Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme (hereafter referred to as “J-VER Scheme”) is managed by

three committees: the Offset Credit (J-VER) Steering Committee (J-VER Steering Committee),

the Technical Subcommittee and the Offset Credit (J-VER) Scheme Certification Committee

(J-VER Certification Committee). The J-VER Steering Committee makes major decisions on

rules, including the determination and revision/abolition of documentation, positive lists and

methodologies, and decisions related to the construction and operation of the registry. The

Technical Subcommittee established under the J-VER Steering Committee is responsible for

the examination of new methodologies for the scheme and the deliberation on the

revision/sinking of existing methodologies. The J-VER Certification Committee is responsible

for decisions regarding project registration, emissions reduction/sinking certification, and

credits issuance. As for receipt of applications, etc., the Certification Center on Climate Change

serves as the secretariat in the management of the scheme.

[Methodology31]

Under the J-VER Scheme, based on a review of the current status of implementation and

profitability, the J-VER Steering Committee announces the GHG emissions reduction/sinking

project methodologies. Additionality is examined by the methodology review to ease the burden

of various project representatives (Some methodologies do not require the additionality test by

each project). As of the end of January 2013, 36 methodologies for reduction credits (including

five methodologies in industrial, agricultural and livestock breeding sectors) and 3 for sink

credits have been developed. Looking at the numbers (share) of projects registered by

methodology type, emissions reduction methodology is approximately 45 % and forest sink

55%.

[Validation/Verification Body32]

Participants that carry out projects under the J-VER scheme need to be reviewed by a third

party validation/verification bodies prior to having their project registered under the J-VER

scheme, and prior to receiving for certification of GHG emissions reduction/sinking. In the

former review (validation), project methodology’s compatibility with eligibility criteria and

31 List of J-VER Methodologies (http://www.j-ver.go.jp/system_doc/methodology.html) (in Japanese)32 List of provisional Validation/Verification Agencies under J-VER Scheme (http://www.j-ver.go.jp/verifier.html) (inJapanese)

36

reduction/sinking calculation’s compatibility are checked. In the latter examination (verification),

the GHG emissions reduction/sinking amounts written on the monitoring report is checked.

Third party validation/verification bodies under the J-VER scheme must be accredited under the

JIS Q 14065 by Multilateral Recognition Agreement (MLA) members (of International

Accreditation Forum (IAF)) in Japan. However, as it has not been long since the JIS Q 14065

accreditation program started provisional registration requirements for validation/verification

bodies are specified. (This provisional measure ends for those accredited areas that have

passed two years from the day JIS Q 14065 accreditation started.)

Provisional Requirements for Validation/Verification Bodies Registration

In principle, the J-VER Certification Committee shall register bodies that comply with

all of the following requirements as this system’s provisional validation/verification

bodies for each validation/verification type and in each sectoral scope under JIS Q

14065 accreditation program.

1) Validation/verification bodies shall submitted registration documents to the J-VER

Certification Committee.

2) Applications for JIS Q 14065 accreditation program shall be accepted by IAF-MLA

member in Japan.

However, for the scope where there is no candidate agency that has been accepted

applications for JIS Q 14065 accreditation, the agencies can be registered under the

following provisional conditions by validation/verification type.

1) Applications for JIS Q 14065 accreditation shall be accepted by IAF-MLA member in

Japan in “any” area.

2) Agency shall be registered as a Designated Operational Entity (DOE) or Accredited

Independent Entity (AIE) under the UNFCCC (including the Japanese legal entity or

partial legal entity) in each sectoral scope.

37

[Prefectural J-VER33]

The Prefectural J-VER Program Certification is a system in which prefectures certify/issue GHG

reduction/sinking as credits and which has been certified by the J-VER Certification Committee

as being in compliance with the J-VER scheme.

The credits issued under the Prefectural J-VER Program are to be managed under the J-VER

registry just as the offset credits of J-VER scheme certified and issued by the J-VER Scheme

Certification Committee.

Table 3 Status of Prefectural J-VER Program Certification (As of the end of January, 2013)

Date of

Certification

Name of Program

2010/01/18 Niigata Prefecture Offset Credit Scheme

2010/02/05 Kochi Prefecture Offset Credit Scheme (Kochi J-VER) Certification

Program

[Number of Certifications and others]

As of January 2013, the number of registered cases was 242 and certified credit amounted to

339,080 t CO2. J-VER recorded the highest average price for credits traded in the world

voluntary markets in 2011.34

Figure 16: No. of J-VER Certified Cases by Region

33 Prefectural J-VER program certification (http://www.j-ver.go.jp/pref.html)34 Ecosystem Marketplace, Developing Dimension: State of the voluntary Carbon Markets 2012

(http://www.forest-trends.org/documents/files/doc_3164.pdf)

38

Figure17: J-VER Certified Amount by Region (tCO2)

39

Figure 18: Trend of J-VER Market Price35

[Share of J-VERs in Carbon Offset]

According to the survey on domestic carbon offset activities counted since December 2007 for

the purpose of a press release, of the share of credits used for the marketable type offset36 by

the end of January 2013, CER has made up 74%, followed by J-VER approximately at 19% and

Prefectural J-VER at 2% (See Figure 19).

Figure 19: Breakdown of Market Distributed Credits used for Carbon Offset in Japan

(As of the end of January 2013)

35 Trend of J-VER price (http://www.j-cof.go.jp/j-ver/credit.html) (in Japanese)36 According to the Guidelines for the Domestic Carbon Offset compiled by MOE in February 2008, carbon offset in Japan iscategorized into the following two types: marketable type which uses credits marketed widely to third parties on the market,and specified trade type which is traded among specified parties only.

Figure 20: Breakdown of Market

(From April 2012

Among the accumulated traded credits, CER

marketable credits used for carbon

announced in press release materials

J-VER is 76% surpassing the share of CER. Though these figures are limited to those

appearing in the press release, this shows that us

carbon offset activities in Japan. One of

of the credits generated in the Tohoku region were used in carbon

support for the disaster stricken areas.

(2) Domestic Clean Development Mechanism

As Internal credit mechanisms

October 2008 as an initiative led by

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). It was

designed to certify GHG emissions reduction generated by small

using technologies and funds provided by large enterprises, and to be utilized for achieving

targets set by voluntary action plans (

and by the trial emissions trading scheme. It has also been extensively used for purposes of

CSR activities and carbon offset


This scheme is administered by the Domestic Credit

Verification Body. The Domestic Credit Certification Committee operates as a third party

certification body composed of experts and is responsible for the operation of the

PrefecturalJ-VER

40

Figure 20: Breakdown of Market Distributed Credits used for Carbon

(From April 2012 to the end of January 2013)

Among the accumulated traded credits, CER usage is still high. However, in the breakdown of

marketable credits used for carbon offset from April 2012 to the end of January 2013

materials, as shown in Figure 20, CER accounted for 14% while

VER is 76% surpassing the share of CER. Though these figures are limited to those

appearing in the press release, this shows that usage of J-VER is steadily expanding among

in Japan. One of the factors for the increase in J-VER use is that many

of the credits generated in the Tohoku region were used in carbon offset as part of restoration

support for the disaster stricken areas.

(2) Domestic Clean Development Mechanism

hanisms, Domestic Clean Development Mechanism

October 2008 as an initiative led by Japanese government (Ministry of the Environment;


to certify GHG emissions reduction generated by small-and-medium size companies


targets set by voluntary action plans (arranged under Keidanren, Japan Business


offset.


This scheme is administered by the Domestic Credits Certification Committee and th

Body. The Domestic Credit Certification Committee operates as a third party

certification body composed of experts and is responsible for the operation of the

PrefecturalVER

Other

for Carbon Offset in Japan

. However, in the breakdown of

from April 2012 to the end of January 2013

Figure 20, CER accounted for 14% while

VER is 76% surpassing the share of CER. Though these figures are limited to those

VER is steadily expanding among

VER use is that many

as part of restoration

, Domestic Clean Development Mechanism was launched in

government (Ministry of the Environment;


medium size companies


Business Federation)


Certification Committee and the

Body. The Domestic Credit Certification Committee operates as a third party

certification body composed of experts and is responsible for the operation of the Domestic

41

Credits Scheme. To this end, the committee approves emissions reduction methodologies and

projects, and carries out certification/management of emissions reduction. The Verification

Body examines the content of emissions reduction projects submitted by project participants

and confirm the amount of reduction after the project implementation. The examination results

and confirmation results are submitted to the Committee in a form of an examination report and

a confirmation report, respectively.

[Methodologies37]

Under this scheme, 68 emissions reduction methodologies which are approved by the

Domestic Credit Certification Committee have been publicized as of February 2013. Among

them, 15 methodologies use renewable energy. They are applicable to the 3 sectors of industry,

business, and household.

[Number and Amount of Certified Credits]

As of February 2013, certified credits amounted to 652,343 t-CO2. The most used technology

was upgrading of boilers, followed by installation of new boilers and upgrading of

air-conditioners38.

Figure 21: Number of Domestic Credit Certification by Region

37 List of Methodologies of Domestic Credit Scheme (http://jcdm.jp/process/methodology.html) (in Japanese)38 29th Domestic Credit Certification Committee, Reference Materials 3-1

(http://jcdm.jp/committee/data/siryou-kouhyou29_v2.pdf) (in Japanese)

42

Figure 22: Domestic Certified Credit by Region (tCO2)

(3) New Crediting Scheme

In establishing a new crediting scheme, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE); the Ministry of

Economy, Trade and Industry (METI); and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

(MAFF) jointly set up a “Study Group for a New crediting Scheme”. It held 3 meetings from April

16, 2012 to June 18, 2012. According to the report titled “Direction of the New Crediting

Scheme”, a new mechanism should adopt merits of both the Domestic CDM and the J-VER

Scheme to complement each other, and integrate them into a new mechanism, in which various

entities can participate. The contents which are taken from the Domestic CDM and applied to

the new mechanism include simple measurement and application forms to make the application

process easier; and those passed on from the J-VER Scheme include a highly reliable MRV

(Measurement, Report, and Verification) that complies with ISO, including an idea that no limits

for participants should be imposed, etc.


The scheme is administered by the three ministries of MOE, METI and MAFF. In order to carry

out efficient system management and credit certification, 2 committees for operation and

certification are set up. A secretariat is also established to support administrators and both

committees of the scheme.

3. Current Status of Carbon Credit Trading around the World

(1) Trends in Voluntary Markets

Current trends in voluntary markets in 2011 will be examined below from three different

perspectives: overall trading volume, total trading value, and the share of trading v

various VER systems.

[Overall Trading Volume]

In 2011, the overall trading volume in voluntary markets amounted to 95 million t

a 28 % decrease from 2010. However, if one large transaction of 5.9 million t

2010 is excluded from the calculation

Projects in VER markets were mostly renewable

projects involved wind-power generation. As for REDD projects

implemented a REDD project for t

project were sold in the market. Presently Asia is taking center stage as

Figure 23: Trends of Credit Trading Volume in Voluntary Market

39 Descriptions provided in this chapter are largely based on the Ecosystem Marketplace, Developing Dimension: State ofthe voluntary Carbon Markets 2012 (http://www.forest40 REDD: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries41 Wildlife Works (http://www.wildlifeworks.com/redd/)42 World Bank: State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2012

(http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCARBONFINANCE/Resources/State_and_Trends_2012_Web_Optimized_19035_Cvr&Txt_LR.pdf)

73

11

2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Mill

ion

t-C

O2

OTC-trade

43

Status of Carbon Credit Trading around the World

(1) Trends in Voluntary Markets


perspectives: overall trading volume, total trading value, and the share of trading v

In 2011, the overall trading volume in voluntary markets amounted to 95 million t

a 28 % decrease from 2010. However, if one large transaction of 5.9 million t

cluded from the calculation; the number grew by 28 %.

Projects in VER markets were mostly renewable-energy related and over one

power generation. As for REDD projects 40 , Wildlife Works

implemented a REDD project for the first time in Kenya and the VERs from this VCS REDD

project were sold in the market. Presently Asia is taking center stage as VER project sites

Figure 23: Trends of Credit Trading Volume in Voluntary Market

Descriptions provided in this chapter are largely based on the Ecosystem Marketplace, Developing Dimension: State ofthe voluntary Carbon Markets 2012 (http://www.forest-trends.org/documents/files/doc_3164.pdf)

Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countrieslife Works (http://www.wildlifeworks.com/redd/)

World Bank: State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2012：Annex 3 “The state of the voluntary market”rldbank.org/INTCARBONFINANCE/Resources/State_and_Trends_2012_Web_Optimized_19035

11 18

4764 64

128

110

23

69

41

2

2

2

CCX exchange-traded Other exchanges

Status of Carbon Credit Trading around the World39


perspectives: overall trading volume, total trading value, and the share of trading volumes of

In 2011, the overall trading volume in voluntary markets amounted to 95 million t-CO2, showing

a 28 % decrease from 2010. However, if one large transaction of 5.9 million t-CO2 recorded in

energy related and over one-third of those

, Wildlife Works 41

he first time in Kenya and the VERs from this VCS REDD

VER project sites.42

Figure 23: Trends of Credit Trading Volume in Voluntary Market34

Descriptions provided in this chapter are largely based on the Ecosystem Marketplace, Developing Dimension: State of

Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries

Annex 3 “The state of the voluntary market”rldbank.org/INTCARBONFINANCE/Resources/State_and_Trends_2012_Web_Optimized_19035

93

2

Other exchanges

[Total Trading Value]

In 2011, the total trading value of the voluntary market recorded the second

million dollars, up 35% from 2010.

Figure 24 Trends of Total Trading Value in the Voluntary Market

[Average Credit Price]

The average price of credits traded in the

$6/t-CO2 in 2010 to $6.2/t-CO2 in 2011. The average credit prices of VER systems varied

widely from $0.1/t-CO2 of the CCX to $120/t

298

45

3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Mill

ionU

S$/t-C

O2

OTC-trade

60

80

100

120

Sドル

S$

total trading value of the voluntary market recorded the second-

million dollars, up 35% from 2010.

Figure 24 Trends of Total Trading Value in the Voluntary Market

The average price of credits traded in the voluntary market showed a slight increase from

CO2 in 2011. The average credit prices of VER systems varied

CO2 of the CCX to $120/t-CO2 of the J-VER.

45 73

286

466 412 414

3 38

72

308

49 111

2

12

CCX exchange-traded Other exchanges

-largest value at 576

Figure 24 Trends of Total Trading Value in the Voluntary Market3

voluntary market showed a slight increase from

CO2 in 2011. The average credit prices of VER systems varied

572

4

Other exchanges

U

Figure 25 Average Credit Prices of VER

0

20

40

Car

bo

nFi

x

Go

ldSt

and

ard

Gre

en

-eC

limat

e

U

44

Figure 25 Average Credit Prices of VER Systems (2011)

Gre

en

-eC

limat

e

Inte

rnal

/Pro

pri

eta

ry

CA

R

Pla

nV

ivo

Oth

er

CD

M/J

I

AC

R

ISO

-14

06

4

VC

S

CC

X

CC

B+

Oth

er

CC

B+

VC

S

CC

BO

NLY

CC

B+

ISO

Soci

alC

arb

on

+V

CS

J-V

ER

BM

VSt

and

ard

NZ

ETS

Systems (2011)34

NZ

ETS

Pac

ific

Car

bo

n

Pan

da

Stan

dar

d

45

[Share of Transaction Volume for Each VER System]

The Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) recorded the highest transaction volume of 41 million

t-CO2 among other systems of VER and maintained its top position for the five consecutive

years. The second largest trading volume was Climate Action Reserve’s 9 million t-CO2, 70%

of which came from the transactions by brokers and corporations preparing for the California’s

Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade program starting in January 2013.

Figure 26: Share of Trading Volumes of VER Systems

by Independent Third-party Organizations (2011)43

(2) Overseas VER Systems

Numerous types of VER credits are traded in the World’s voluntary markets. VER schemes that

limit project sites to domestic regions are recent trends and such schemes have been

developed and operated. These VER schemes include Japan’s J-VER, Korea’s K-VER, Brazil’s

Brasil Mata Viva, and Thailand’s T-VER.

This section describes leading VER systems with large transaction sizes in recent voluntary

markets and other unique VER systems.

43 VER systems that are restricted to domestic region such as the J-VER and K-VER are not included.

Verified CarbonStandard, 58

Climate ActionReserve, 12

GoldStandard, 12

AmeiricanCarbon

Registry, 6

ISO-14064, 4

Chicago ClimateExchange, 3

Internal orProprietaryStandard, 3

Plan Vivo, 1 Other, 1 CDM/JI, 0.3

46

The following information is provided in the tables in this section.

Operation Scheme Owner of the VER system (government andgovernment-affiliated organizations or private organizations)

Target region Regions where the project can be implemented

Forest sink-relatedmethodology

Whether there exists a methodology to produce sink credits

Co-benefit requirements Whether project generates additional benefits besides GHGemissions reduction/absorption via implementation of the project(e.g. sustainable development in developing countries)

Number of registeredprojects and volume ofcredits issued

Number of registered projects and volume of credits issued by

the VER system

Verified Carbon Standard (VCS)44

VCS was released to the public in 2006 by the Climate Group, IETA, World Economic Forum,

and WBCSD with a mission to provide a trusted, robust and user-friendly program that brings

quality assurance to voluntary carbon markets. In this standard, emissions reduced/sinking by

projects are issued as credits called Verified Carbon Units (VCUs). Its methodologies cover a

wide range of categories with 15 sectoral scopes, although 78 % of traded VCUs in 2011 were

credits generated via projects on reduction-related methodologies. The trading volume of VCUs

has been at the top of the market for the five straight years. In addition, of the traded VCUs

produced by forest sink-related projects, 47% (3.2 million t-CO2 out of 6.4 million t-CO2) were

used in combination with CCBS (described later) which assesses co-benefits of a project.

Operation Private organization

Target region Worldwide


Yes

Co-benefitrequirements

None

Number ofregistered projectsand volume ofcredits issued

Numbers of Projects issuing VCUs: 75245

Climate Action Reserve (CAR)46

The Climate Action Reserve has been operated by a non-profit organization established by the

State of California since 2008. It ensures the environmental integrity of projects and focuses on

creation and support of financial and environmental values in the U.S. carbon market. For GHG

emissions reduced/sinking by executing projects, the CAR issues credits called CRT (Climate

44 VCS (http://v-c-s.org/)45 VCS Project data base (http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/) (as of February 2013)46 Climate Action Reserve (http://www.climateactionreserve.org/)

47

Reserve Tonnes). CAR is one of the programs linked to VCS, and CRTs can be converted into

VCUs.

In addition, CAR is recognized as the Offset Project Registry under the California cap & trade

program.47, 48

Operation Government-affiliated organization

Target region North America and Mexico


Yes


None


Number of registered projects: 191 projects

Volume of issued credits: 31,066,979 t-CO249

The Gold Standard (GS) for VERs50

The Gold Standard was founded by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in 2003 and is now

run with support of more than 80 NGOs. This program is distinctive in that it not only evaluates

GHG emission reductions to issue credits but also it has a mechanism to evaluate the level of

contribution to sustainable development. GS-VER credits (GS-VERs) are generated by projects

that are based on CDM methodologies or methodologies the GS approved for GS-VERs. The

Gold Standard has also developed a system to publicly release information of CDM/JI projects

meeting the standards of the GS via the GS-CDM/JI project database.




None51


Yes


Number of registered projects: 99

Number of projects issued credits: 8352

47 California cap & trade program (http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cap & trade/cap & trade.htm)48 Offset Project Registries of California cap & trade program (http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cap &

trade/offsets/registries/registries.htm)49 Reserve Fact (http://www.climateactionreserve.org/) (As of February 2013)50 The Gold Standard (http://www.cdmgoldstandard.org/)51 The Gold Standard will acquire and integrate with CarbonFix Standard, a verification standard for forest sink-related

projects in September 2012. The Gold Standard version 3.0, which will newly incorporate forest sink-relatedmethodologies, will be made public in 2013.

52 Number of registered projects in entire Golden Standard program, etc. Gold Standard Project Pipeline(http://www.cdmgoldstandard.org/our-projects/project-pipeline) (As of February 2013)

48

American Carbon Registry (ACR)53

The American Carbon Registry was founded by the Environmental Resources Trust in 1996 as

the first private VER system in the U.S. Credits generated by registered projects are traded as

Emission Reduction Tons (ERT).

The ACR is also approved as the Offset Project Registry under the California cap & trade

program.46, 47




Yes


None

Number of registeredprojects and volumeof credits issued

Volume of credits: 37,516,575 t-CO254

Climate, Community and Biodiversity Project Design Standards (CCBS)55

The CCBS is operated by the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance established in 2003.

The mission is to support development and marketing of projects that contribute to not just

GHG reductions but local communities and the conservation of biodiversity as well. The CCBS

provides useful rules and guidelines for project design and standards to assess environmental

and social impacts of projects. However, this program does not quantify GHG emission

reductions nor issue credits. If project participants wish to receive credits, another system that

offers credits can be used in combination with the CCBS. Because VCS is the primary credit

used with CCBS, application templates as well as guideline for combined use of VCS are

provided.




Yes

53 American Carbon Registry (http://americancarbonregistry.org/)54 ACR Statistics (http://americancarbonregistry.org/carbon-registry) (As of February 2013)55 CCBS (http://www.climate-standards.org/ccb-standards/)

49

Panda Standard56

The Panda Standard was co-developed by the China Beijing Environment Exchange, BlueNext,

China Forestry Exchange, and Winrock, and Panda Standard Version1.0 was released in 2009.

It is China’s first VER system employing agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU)

methodologies. The targeted areas are limited to domestic regions only.

Operation Government-affiliated organizations

Target region China


Yes


Yes

Plan Vivo57

Plan Vivo was first developed by the Edinburgh Center for Carbon Management in the 1990s

and is now being developed and operated by the Plan Vivo Foundation, a registered Scottish

charity organization. Plan Vivo offers a framework to implement land-use projects by

communities after consideration of climate change, community member’s lives and long-term

benefits for the ecosystem. Targeted areas cover developing countries around the world.




Yes


Yes

Chapter 3 Current Status of Global Warming Measures Using

Market Mechanisms

This chapter outlines carbon credit markets, including the ones for VER credits that utilize

market mechanisms, and the global warming measures of various countries. Descriptions

provided in this chapter are largely based on the World Bank’s “State and Trends of the Carbon

Market 2012”58.

The total transaction value of the entire carbon credit market increased 11 % in 2011 from 2010,

reaching 176 billion U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, the total transaction volume of the entire market

saw a 15 % increase to a record-high level of 10.3 billion t-CO2. Economic uncertainty,

long-term oversupply of credits in EU-ETS markets, and a sharp fall in prices of emission

56 Panda Standard (http://www.pandastandard.org/index.html)57 Plan Vivo (http://www.planvivo.org/)58 World Bank: State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2012

(http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCARBONFINANCE/Resources/State_and_Trends_2012_Web_Optimized_19035_Cvr&Txt_LR.pdf)

50

credits did not impede the expansion of trade. This was due to the increased trading activities of

EUAs in the EU-ETS, which accounts for a large transaction volume of the whole carbon credit

market, resulting from the overall acceleration in financial transactions. Even though GHG

emissions were decreasing and excessive supply of EUAs was expected in Europe, the overall

trading volume grew due to the revitalization of financial transactions as a whole.

Texts below are the current state of global warming countermeasures utilizing market

mechanisms in countries and regions around the world. It provides a glimpse into the ambitious

efforts of each country and region.

[North America]

The United States

The United States is a world-leading credit supplier and purchaser. With an eye toward the

expansion of the introduction of cap & trade regulations in the future, a wide range of programs

has been implemented.

The U.S. launched the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in 2009 and nine states are

participating at present. The first compliance period ended in 2011. The introduction of

energy-saving measures and a drop in electricity demand due to weather conditions

contributed to emissions falling since 2005 to 36% below the cap set based on emissions

between 2000 and 2004. The surplus of allowance caused its price to hover at a low level and

auction proceeds since the beginning of the system in 2008 amounted to US$952 million.

Combined with profits returned to consumers and other benefits, the RGGI’s net economic

impact added up to US$1.6 billion, generating jobs for 16,000 people, which is highly evaluated.

Going forward, the system will undergo a comprehensive review and a series of

recommendation drafts will be submitted.

Further, the state of California in the U.S. and the Canadian province of Quebec passed a

resolution on their cap & trade programs in 2011, which started in January 2013. They are

pushing forward with the development of these cap & trade programs so that they can be linked

together.59

Canada

In Canada, a system called the GHG CleanStartTM Registry was launched in 2009. Under this

system, businesses can publically announce their emissions reductions efforts and claim

carbon neutrality. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) plays a role as its secretariat.

This system provides support for businesses to calculate and report their GHG emissions in

59 News Release, Air Resources Board (http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=300)

51

accordance with ISO14064 and set reduction goals. It requires GHG emissions to be recorded

using the official registry, verified by independent third-parties, and managed and retired with

serial numbers.

As for efforts on the provincial level, Alberta, which has the highest emissions, has been

enforcing the mandatory Specified Gas Emitters Regulation based on primary unit goals since

2007. In order to achieve obligatory goals the regulation allows to trade Emissions Performance

Credits which are generated by facilities that have gone beyond the 12% mandatory intensity

reduction and to offset by purchasing credits. In addition, British Columbia has been mandating

public organizations (including governmental ministries) to achieve carbon neutrality from 2010.

[Europe]

European Union

The EU-ETS is the world’s largest emissions trading market run by the European Commission

for GHG reduction since 2005. It employs a cap & trade approach and currently has 31

participant countries (27 EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Croatia).60 Europe

is aiming for a 20 % reduction by 2020 and 80-95 % reduction by 2050 from the 1990 level by

utilizing the EU-ETS and other means.

In 2011, the total trading volume in the EU-ETS market reached US$171 billion, up 11%

compared to the previous year. The annual average price of EUAs faltered at US$18.8/tCO2,

down 4% from the previous year, or US$12.8/tCO2, a 21% decrease after combined calculation

with CER and ERU. Along with the economic uncertainty stemming from Greece’s debt crisis,

the significant decline in emissions due to a weak recovery from the economic crisis beginning

in 2008 to 2009 and the supply situation of international offset credits appear to have driven

down the price. On the other hand, a spur in financial trading led to an increase in the trading

volume of EUAs in 2011.

The EU-ETS places importance on networking internationally and is currently scheduled to

begin a tentative link with Australia in 201561, moving into full-scale implementation by 2018.

Additionally, it is currently discussing a linkage with Switzerland’s Swiss ETS.62

The United Kingdom

The UK enacted the “Climate Change Act 2008” in November 2008, which stipulates a

long-term vision of climate change countermeasures. It aims to cut down CO2 emissions by a

60 “EU-ETS Fact Sheet”, European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/factsheet_ets_2013_en.pdf)61 Collaboration between the EU-ETS and Australian emissions trading systems

(http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister/greg-combet/2012/media-releases/August/JMR-20120828.aspx)62 Collaboration between the Swiss ETS and EU-ETS

(http://www.nccr-climate.unibe.ch/conferences/WP4workshop/Voehringer%20Frank.pdf)

52

minimum of 80 % from the 1990 level by 2050. Further the Act has established the “Carbon

Budget” stating it will stipulate the GHG emissions for 3 terms every 5 years.63 In the Green

Deal, a plan made public in 2010, the UK adopted a system that reduces emissions from homes

and office buildings and saves energy by improving insulation in buildings to enhance energy

efficiency. 64 In 2012, the UK Green Investment Bank, the world’s first investment bank

dedicated to the development of a green economy, was established.

[Oceania/Asia]

Australia

In Australia, the Clean Energy Act, which includes the introduction of the carbon pricing

mechanism, was passed in 2011 and came into force in July 2012. Australia’s emissions trading

scheme will be switching over to a cap & trade approach in July 2015 and is currently making

adjustments to be linked with the EU-ETS and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme

(NZ-ETS).

A carbon offset scheme in the land sector, the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) was formed in

2011 and launched in May 2012.65 It applies to emissions reduction activities such as methane

recovery from landfills and afforestation. If credits issued by the CFI (ACCU) are in compliance

with the Kyoto Protocol, they can be allotted to cover the requirements of the carbon pricing

mechanism.

New Zealand

New Zealand introduced the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ-ETS) in 2008. In

September 2011, the NZ government conducted a review of the scheme and issued

recommendations including the continuation of the scheme but at a slower pace.

In 2011, low CER prices, high values of the NZ dollar, and no volume limitation on the usage of

international offset credits led to the acquisition of a large volume of CER by the target

organizations under the scheme to comply with relevant laws and regulations. As a result, the

price of the New Zealand Unit (NZU) plummeted from NZ$20 in May 2011 to NZ$7 in December

of the same year.

63 “Climate Change Act”, British Embassy, Tokyo(http://ukinjapan.fco.gov.uk/ja/uk-activities/energy-environment/climate-change/uk-climate-change/Climate-Change-Act-2008/)

64 Green Deal, British Government (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-year-to-green-deal-energy-act-becomes-law)65 Australian Government’s Official Website for CFI (http://www.climatechange.gov.au/cfi)

53

China

China accomplished its target of 20% emissions reduction in energy consumption per GDP set

in the 11th Five-year Plan (2006-2010) by implementing mandatory programs in each province

and city and newly introduced energy saving projects.

In the 12th Five-year Plan (2011-2015) that began in 2011, the goal has been established for

reduction of energy consumption (a 16 % decrease vs. 2010). In addition, it lays out targets for

an increase in forest area and emissions reduction per GDP, which was promised under the

UNFCCC.

In July 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) appointed five

provinces and eight cities as “low-carbon pilot development zones” and made the

implementation of GHG reduction measures including market mechanisms and the submission

of emissions data compulsory. In October 2011, the NDRC announced the implementation of

the ETS pilot project in two provinces (Guangdong and Hubei) and five cities (Beijing, Tianjin,

Shanghai, Chongquing, Shenzhen). Following this, Beijing announced the outline of its pilot

project system in March 2012. According to the NDRC, this experimental project will be

introduced in 2013 and the national-level program is planned to be launched by 2015.

At present, the NDRC is preparing the national VER standard, and the Chinese Certified

Emission Reductions (CCERs) issued based on this standard can be used for Beijing’s ETS.

South Korea

South Korea launched the Korea Verified Emission Reduction (K-VER) program in 2007 and

Korea Carbon Footprint Labeling system66 in 2009. The country has set a national target of

30 % reduction in GHG emissions by 2020 and enacted its emissions trading system act in May

2012 to achieve the target. The system will come into effect in 2015. It has also been decided to

double the 2013 GHG emissions reduction targets for the manufacturing sector and electricity

sector in the country.67

Other Countries

Some Asian countries are required to submit the details of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation

Actions (NAMAs) to the secretariat of the UNFCCC. The development of appropriate mitigation

activities is drawing much interest in efforts that generate credits such as CDM or REDD

projects, domestic VER programs, and the Joint Crediting Mechanism (formerly called Bilateral

Offset Credit Mechanism)68 in cooperation with developed countries. The Joint Crediting

66 Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (http://www.ftis.org.tw/active/download/1_6.pdf)67 KBS WORLD (http://rki.kbs.co.kr/japanese/news/news_Ec_detail.htm?No=45621)68 New Mechanisms Information Platform (http://mmechanisms.org/e/index.html)

54

Mechanism is a mechanism where Japan facilitates dissemination of GHG emissions reduction

technologies, products, systems, services, and infrastructure as well as different mitigation

measures in developing countries and in return evaluates quantitatively its contributions to

those countries’ GHG emissions reduction/sinking and utilizes them towards achieving its

reduction targets.

*MRV：Measurement, Reporting, Verification

Figure 27: The Joint Crediting Mechanism

(Source: New Mechanisms Information Platform)

In January 2013, the Japanese and Mongolian governments signed bilateral agreement for

Joint Crediting Mechanism.69 Japan is pursuing bilateral talks with other interested countries,

hoping that this new mechanism will take root and grow to contribute to the reduction of carbon

emissions for the whole world.

69 Press release, Ministry of the Environment (http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=16174) (in Japanese)Press release, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(http://www.meti.go.jp/press/2012/01/20130108002/20130108002-1.pdf) (in Japanese)

55

Conclusion: Prospects of Carbon Offset

In this document we have looked at domestic and international trends in carbon offset initiatives.

On the whole, global warming countermeasures utilizing market mechanisms such as carbon

offset are being carried out all around the world and this trend is expected to continue to further

expand in the future.

Japan too will see numerous offsetting activities being conducted from 2013 onward ranging

from offsetting activities on a grass-root level, e.g. local festivals and events against the

backdrop of heightened interests among consumers towards the environment and local

revitalization, to aggressive offsetting initiatives on a corporate level based on the “Keidanren’s

Commitment to a Low Carbon Society” and offset programs to support the reconstruction from

the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Moreover, as mentioned in Chapter 2, the J-VER scheme and domestic CDM will be integrated

into a new scheme in 2013. The new scheme is designed to be much more user-friendly and

provide a stable supply of credits. It is expected that this will help the utilization of credits

generated within the country to further expand.

Hoping that carbon offset will become more familiar to citizens, MOE is planning to enhance its

communication with citizens and to push forward promotion activities to improve their

awareness and understanding of carbon offset in the future.

Carbon offset provides everyone with an opportunity to reexamine his or her own lifestyle in the

midst of global warming and be able to contribute to the development of an

environmentally-friendly society. It is our hope that carbon offset and carbon neutral activities

will penetrate into society and that the circle of activities to prevent the global warming by

individuals, corporations and local communities will be growing forward.

Appendix

56

Appendix 1: Projects Registered under the Offset Credit (J-VER)

Scheme(As of the end of February, 2013)

PJTReg.No.

Reg.Date

Region Place Name of ProjectRed.orSink

Method

ExpectedCredits tobe Issued(t-CO2/yr)

CertifiedCredits(t-CO2)

0247Feb. 18,2013

Kinki OsakaOsaka; Nippon Dream Service Co. Ltd.; GHG emission reduction projectthrough upgrading iron and dryer equipment at Matsubara Factory

Red.SS-E014

199

0246Feb. 18,2013

Tohoku FukushimaFukushima; Tamagawa Village; GHG emission reduction project usingwooden pellet boilers by Tomato Farmers (Eco-tomato Production/SalesProject)

Red. E002 2

0245Jan. 23,2013

Tohoku IwateIwate; Coastal area earthquake recovery project by recycling earthquakedebris

Red. E025 8,892

0244Jan. 23,2013

Hokkaido Hokkaido Hokkaido; Shakubetsu Mountain Forest Creation Project Sink R001 623

0243Jan. 23,2013

Chugoku HiroshimaHiroshima; Prefectural forest thinning promotion project: “BihokuSuigen-no-Mori Forest Sink Project

Sink R001 78

0242Dec. 21,2012

Tohoku Miyagi Yonekawa Forestry Union Forest; Thinning promotion forest sink project Sink R001 514

0241Dec. 21,2012

Tohoku Miyagi Tome City Forest; Thinning promotion forest sink project Sink R001 1,103

0240Dec. 21,2012

Kinki OsakaOsaka;Murakami Electronic Engineering Co. Ltd.; GHG emissionreduction project through upgrading/fuel conversion of boilers andintroduction of lightings

Red. E010 35

0239Dec. 21,2012

Tohoku YamagataYamagata; Murayama Region CO2 emission reduction project throughpellet use

Red. E003 20

0238Dec. 21,2012

Kanto IbarakiIbaraki; Ishioka city Forest Carbon Offsetting Council; Thinning promotionproject: Ishioka forest resources activation project

Sink R001 191

0237Dec. 21,2012

Tohoku MiyagiIchinoseki City Forest; Forest sink sales project (water and green forestlow carbon society support project)

Sink R001 290

0236Dec. 21,2012

Kanto Saitama Saitama; Advan bio-diesel fuel utilization project Red. E004 500

0235Nov. 20,2012

Kyushu Nagasaki Nagasaki; Japan traditional architecture support forest CO2 sink project Sink Ｒ001 407

0234Nov. 20,2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoHokkaido; Doro Kogyo Co. Ltd. Forest thinning promotion forest sinkproject in Imakane-cho

Sink Ｒ001 547

0233Nov. 20,2012

Tohoku MiyagiMiyagi; Forestry Public Corporation Forest Thinning Promotion DisasterRecovery and Forest Sink J-VER Project (Kesen-numa Jurisdiction)

SinkＲ001

298

0232Nov. 20,2012

Tohoku Miyagi Miyagi; Prefectural Forest; Sink J-VER Project (Kurihara Area) Sink Ｒ001 457

0231Nov. 20,2012

Tohoku Aomori Aomori; Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd. Forest; Thinning promotion project Sink Ｒ001 334

0230Nov. 20,2012

Kinki Hyogo Hyogo; Yabu City Forest; Forest management project Sink Ｒ001 2,070

0229Nov. 20,2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoHokkaido; Urakawa Town Forest; Thinning promotion sink project: Forestcreation to raise great horses

Sink Ｒ001 520

0228Nov. 20,2012

Kanto Tokyo Nippon Shuppan Hanbai Inc.; Kamishihoro CO2 sink project Sink Ｒ001 455

0227Oc. 10,2012

Tohoku MiyagiMiyagi; Tome City; GHG emission reduction project through the use ofwood biomass in disaster restoration houses: Creation of sound materialcycle community with “Sun on the Palm House” as a model

Red. E003 14

0226Aug. 27,2012

Kyushu Fukuoka Fukuoka; Japan Cargo; Utilization of biodiesel fuel from waste oil project Red.SS-E004

309

0225Aug. 27,2012

Tohoku Akita“Kamikoani: Land of Akita Cedar and Amitostigma kinoshitae” Thinningpromotion project: Creation of rich-green water source conservation-

Sink R001 690

Appendix

57

0224July 31,2012

Chubu ShizuokaShizuoka; Shizuoka Yuka Kogyo KK; GHG emission reduction projectusing bio-diesel fuel

Red.SS-E004

349

0223July 31,2012

Tohoku IwateIwate; Sumita Town; Thinning project of Sumita Town challenging to beJapan’s No. 1 forest/forestry town

Sink R001 5,533

0222July 31,2012

ChubuShizuoka

The Arboricultural Research Institute, University of Tokyo; Thinningpromotion project (University of Tokyo Sustainable Campus Project)

Sink R001 93

0221July 31,2012

Chubu ShizuokaShizuoka; Shizuoka Yuka Kogyo KK; GHG emission reduction projectusing bio-diesel fuel- No. 2

Red.SS-E004

25

0220June 19,2012

Kyushu OitaOita; Oka Hospital, Keiwa-kai (Incorporated Medical Institution); GHGemission reduction project through upgrading to multi-function airconditioner using air cooled heat pump

Red. E012 26

0219June 19,2012

Chubu FukuiFukui; Sabae City; Heavy oil derived CO2 emission reduction projectusing RPF at Marusan-ai Corp. and Urase Corp.

Red. E020 9,707

0218June 19,2012

Chubu ToyamaToyama; J-VER Project “Reduce CO2 using pellet stove!” that uses woodpellet produced within the prefecture

Red. E003 81

0217June 19,2012

Kyushu OitaOita; Oita Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperative;Energy-saving/CO2 reduction promotion project by upgrading airconditioners at Tsurumi Hospital

Red. E012 68

0216May 9,2012

Tohoku IwateIwate; Sumita Town; Disaster recovery project by forest energy: Getstarted Kesen: Today’s one step leads to the future-

Red. E003 44

0215May 9,2012

Kanto GunmaNippon Paper Lumber co., Ltd.: Company-owned Gunma Sudagai Forestthinning promotion project

Sink R001 259

0214May 9,2012

Shikoku KochiOrtus Technology Kochi Co., LTD.; GHG emission reduction project usingCOF2

Red. I001 1,265

0213May 9,2012

Chubu IshikawaIshikawa; Komactsu Seiren Co., Ltd.; CO2 reduction by no-watering rooftop greening project

Red. E026 1

0212May 9,2012

Chubu ShizuokaNippon Paper Lumber Co., Ltd.: Company-owned Fuji Kitayama Forestthinning promotion project

Sink R001 579

0211May 9,2012

- -CO2 emission reduction project by eco drive support system using NissanCarwings

Red.SS-E028

71

0210May 9,2012

Chugoku Shimane Shimane; Tanabe Group Co. Ltd.; Forest sink project Sink R001 862

0209May 9,2012

Kanto TochigiTochigi; Oyama City; GHG emission reduction project usingwaste-oil-derived bio-diesel fuel for vehicles (Oyama Nanohana BioProject)

Red.SS-E004

25

0208May 9,2012

Chubu AichiAichi; Tsuzuki Sangyo Inc.; GHG emission reduction project by bio-dieselconversion

Red. E004 245

0207May 9,2012

Chubu Shizuoka Odawara City; New energy dissemination project: Use of local fuel Red. E004 11

0206May 9,2012

Shikoku Ehime

Seiyo City: Forest development (thinning promotion) project along withcommunity revitalization, sound material cycle society creation: Stopoverof white stork and crane: Environmental conservation together byresidents and birds

Sink R001 935

0205March26, 2012

Kanto TochigiTochigi: Utsunomiya City; Tobu railway owned Shinoi Mountain Forestthinning promotion project

Sink R001 338

0204March26, 2012

Kanto SaitamaUniversity of Tokyo-Owned Chichibu Forest; Thinning promotion project(University of Tokyo Sustainable Campus Project)

Sink R001 255

0203March26, 2012

Kanto TokyoHinohara Village heating of hot spring using wood biomass project:Kazuma Spa CO2 emission reduction project using firewood boiler

Red. E001 133

0202March26, 2012

Chugoku TottoriSakaguchi Partnership Company; Tottori-Okuhino forest managementproject

Sink R001 566

0201March26, 2012

Kanto SaitamaSaitama; Pork Co. Ltd.; Reduction of pork-manure: Treatment-derivedN2O by using Low-protein compound feeds

Red. L001 277

0200March26, 2012

Kyushu Nagasaki

Forest sink project to conserve biodiversity that shows the connectionbetween Tsushima Island, the Island at the national border, and the AsianContinent: Establishment of Tsushima environmental kingdom byrecovering the link between forest, river, village and the sea

Sink R001 415

0199March26, 2012

Kinki OsakaOsaka; Sanwa Gosen Co. Ltd.; GHG emission reduction project throughupgrading of boiler

Red. E011 117

0198March26, 2012

Kanto Yamanashi Yamanashi: Fujihara Zorin CO2 sink increase (thinning promotion) project Sink R001 117

0197March26, 2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoNPO SunnySide Okhotsk Shiretoko thinning promotion-type project:Okhotsk Shiretoko Forest of Osinkosin Project

Sink R001 606

Appendix

58

0196Feb. 28,2012

Kinki ShigaShiga/Lake Biwa Credit Creation Project: Kinoshita-Kansei and AburatouCo. Ltd. collaborated biodiesel (B100) substitution project

Red. E004 36

0195Feb. 28,2012

Kanto ChibaChiba Livestock Industry Association; GHG emission reduction projectusing farm biomass

Red. E025 585

0194Feb. 28,2012

Kyushu KagoshimaHigaki Sangyo Co. Ltd.-owned forest J-VER project (Fujikawa District,Satsumasendai City, Kagoshima Prefecture)

Sink R001 419 1,542

0193Feb. 28,2012

ShikokuEhime

Ehime: Iyo Forest Association thinning promotion-type forest sink project(Project to hand down the beautiful forest to the future)

Sink R001 621 2,810

0192Feb. 28,2012

Chubu Shizuoka CO2 Sink Project through forest management at Ikawa-owned forest Sink R001 403

0191Feb. 28,2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoDaiwa House Industry Co. Ltd.; CO2 sink project through thinningpromotion at the company-owned “Forest of co-creation and coexistence”at Otaki Ward in Date City

Sink R001 398

0190Feb. 28,2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoUniversity of Tokyo-Owned Hokkaido Forest; Thinning promotion project(University of Tokyo Sustainable Campus Project)

Sink R001 199

0189Feb. 28,2012

Chubu NiigataHokuetsu Kishu Paper Co. Ltd.; Company-owned forests in Niigata andIshikawa Prefectures thinning promotion project

Sink R001 516

0188Feb. 28,2012

Shikoku Tokushima Tokushima; Prefectural forest CO2 sink project Sink R001 1108

0187Feb. 28,2012

Miyazaki MiayazakiMiyazaki; Kuroshio Pork (Pig Farm); Reduction of pork-manure-treatmentderived N2O by using low-protein compound feeds

Red. L001 284

0186Jan. 17,2012

Hokkaido Hokkaido Hokkaido; Hobetsu Mountain forest creation project Sink R001 395

0185Jan. 17,2012

Chubu NaganoHokkaido Prefectural forest sink eco-business support project: “Kikita noMori” thinning promotion project

Sink R001 318

0184Jan. 17,2012

Chubu AichiTokyo University Forest Ecological Hydrology Lab thinning promotionproject (Tokyo University Sustainable Campus Project)

Sink R001 71

0183Jan. 17,2012

Hokkaido HokkaidoHokkaido Hobetsu forestry sink eco-business support project – “Kikita noMori” thinning project

Sink R001 2,722 4,632

0182Jan. 17,2012

Kinki OsakaYamano Senko Co., Ltd., Osaka GHG reduction project to upgrade boilerequipment

Red. E011 336

0181Jan. 17,2012

Kinki OsakaKumon Shiki Kougyou Co., Ltd., Osaka GHG reduction project to upgradeboiler equipment

Red. E011 336

0180Dec. 20,2011

Kyushu SagaSaga forest thinning promotion project – “Taradake/Ariake Sea no Mori”thinning project

Sink R001 1,325 1,262

0179Dec. 20,2011

Tohoku Miyagi Miyagi Prefectural Forest J-VER forest sink project (Osaki Area) Sink R001 141

0178Dec. 20,2011

Tohoku Akita Yokote/Forest Cooperative forest sink project Sink R001 975 6,304

0177Dec. 20,2011

Chugoku Shimane Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Shimane thinning project Sink R001 777

0176Dec. 20,2011

Multi-Region

TokyoTottoriOkayama

Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Okayama thinning project Sink R001 554 1,307

0175Dec. 20,2011

Kinki Wakayama Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Wakayama thinning project Sink R001 692 1,517

0174Dec. 20,2011

Shikoku TokushimaForest Bank Inc., Tokushima GHG sink business through thinning (KitohForestry Revitalization Credit Project)

Sink R001 784 2,979

0173Nov. 24,2011

Hokkaido HokkaidoIshikari forest thinning promotion project – Creating forests for the futureof Seas rich with herring

Sink R001 683 1,208

0172Nov. 24,2011

Tohoku Akita Akita Cedar Forest Sink J-VER Project Part II Sink R001 2,189 1,263

0171Nov. 24,2011

KinkiKyotoWakayama

Japanese Natural Heritage: CO2 forest sink project to protect theKyotamba Waterways and Kumano Forest

Sink R001 347 386

0170Nov. 24,2011

Tohoku AkitaKita Akita Forest Sink Project: Biodiversity conservation hometown forestproject for the Black Woodpecker endangered species

Sink R001 2,633 9,986

0169Nov. 24,2011

Hokkaido Hokkaido Kushiro Wetland Sun Chlorella Corp. Birch forest sink project Sink R001 467 330

0168Nov. 24,2011

Chugoku HiroshimaHiroshima forest thinning promotion project – Geihoku water sourceforest: Forest sink project

Sink. R001 359 185

0167Nov. 24,2011

Hokkaido HokkaidoMinami Furano CO2 sink promotion project through forest thinningpromotion

Sink R001 753 1,462

0166Oct. 27,2011

Kyushu KumamotoCO2 reduction using the firewood and wood pellets under the KyushuFirewood and Wood Pellet Utilization Council

Red.E003E007

284

0165Oct. 27,2011

Multi-Region

EhimeSaitamaTokyoKanagawaIbarakiChiba

Sanwa Energy Co., Ltd. B5 Fuel Manufacture/Sale J-VER GenerationProject

Red.SS-E004

251

0164Oct. 27,2011

Multi-Region

GifuTokushima

Nakae Industries Co., Ltd. Sustainable forest management project I[Tokushima/Gifu] Nakae forest project for a happier forest/world

Sink R002 5,303 15,672

0163Oct. 27,2011

Kinki OsakaOsaka Japan Dream Service Co., Ltd. Yao Factory boiler equipmentupgrading and GHG emission reduction project using low temperaturewaste recovery/technologies

Red.E006E011

743

0162Oct. 27,2011

Kinki OsakaOsaka United Linen Supply Co., Ltd. Osaka Branch GHG emissionreduction project using low temperature waste recovery/technologies

Red. E006 106

0161Oct. 27,2011

Kinki HyogoHyogo Toyobo Living Service Co., Ltd., Amagasaki Plant GHG emissionreduction project using low temperature waste recovery/technologies

Red. E006 35

0160Sept. 26,2011

KantoTokyoChibaKanagawa

Toda Corporation GHG emission reduction project using biodiesel fuel Red. E004 15

0159 Sept. 26, Multi-Regio Hokkaido Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Hokkaido (2) Thinning promotion project Sink R001 6,442 7,595

Appendix

59

2011 n Tokyo

0158Sept. 26,2011

Kanto SaitamaSaitama Cooperative Kitamoto Center GHG emission reduction projectusing biodiesel fuel

Red. E004 24

0157Sept. 26,2011

Kanto SaitamaSaitama Cooperative Kawaguchi Center GHG emission reduction projectusing biodiesel fuel

Red. E004 24

0156Sept. 26,2011

Kanto

TokyoIbarakiTochigiChiba

Living Cooperative Tokyo Edagawa Center GHG emission reductionproject using biodiesel fuel

Red. E004 57

0155Aug. 31,2011

Kinki Hyogo Asago Hyogo Forest Management Project Sink R001 1,776 2,221

0154Aug. 31,2011

Tohoku AkitaIsehara Chuo Bussan Corporation Logistics Center GHG emissionreduction project for high efficiency lighting

Red.SS-E010

26

0153Aug. 31,2011

Tohoku AkitaHigashi Naruse Village, Omonogawa, Akita forest CO2 sink project:Regional development thinning promotion project to protect firefly habitatand celicious spring water

Sink R001 1,093 5,322

0152Aug. 31,2011

Multi-Region

TokyoNiigataNaraOsakaOkayamaKagawaKochiYamagataTokushimaNaganoGifuShizuokaHiroshimaShimaneAichi

CO2 reduction project using automatic metering with a centralizedmonitoring system in Yamagata/Nagano etc. (Implemented in Niigata,Hyogo, Yamagata, Kagawa, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Hiroshima,Shimane, Okayama and Nara)

Red.SS-E009

66

0151Aug. 31,2011

Multi-Region

TokyoNiigataOkayama

Okayama/Niigata CO2 reduction project for greater efficiency in deliveryusing a centralized monitoring system

Red.SS-E008

0.6

0150Aug. 31,2011

Tohoku Yamagata Okitama Forest Pellet J-VER Project Red.SS-E003

92

0149Aug. 31,2011

Chubu ToyamaGHG emission reduction project using waste power generation for theToyama City, Toyama Eco-Town Ishizaki Industrial Energy Center

Red. E022 3,155

0148Aug. 31,2011

KantoChibaIbarakiTochigi

GHG emission reduction project using biodiesel fuel at the ChibaCooperative Anesaki Center

Red. E004 27

0147Jul. 29,2011

Kanto ChibaGHG emission reduction project using micro gas turbine cogeneration forChiba Printing Business

Red. E016 666

0146Jul. 29,2011

Multi-Region

KanagawaIbarakiOsakaNaraWakayamaAichiFukuokaTochigiKyotoSaga

CO2 reduction project to replace hot water facilities with heat pumps for13 golf courses including PGM Golf Course Kanagawa and Tomei AtsugiCountry Club – Tomei Atsugi Country Club (Kanagawa), Chiyoda CountryClub, Katsuta Golf Club and Fuso Country Club (Ibaraki), OhinataCountry Club (Tochigi), Kansai International Airport Golf Club, HirakataInternational Golf Club (Osaka), Kasagi Golf Club (Kyoto), Horyuji TempleCountry Club (Nara), Kishigawa Golf Club (Wakayama), ShinshiroCountry Club (Aichi), Hakata Country Club (Fukuoka), Wakaki Golf Club(Saga)

Red. E019 288

0145Jul. 29,2011

Tohoku MiyagiImplementation of woody biomass boiler equipment Miraisaien Co., Ltd,Ohira Chinai, Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi

Red. E001 181

0144Jul. 29,2011

Shikoku EhimeLocal energy consumption project implementing wood pellet stoves forEhime Pellet Club, Ehime

Red. E002 165

0143Jul. 29,2011

Tohoku AkitaForest CO2 sink J-VER project for Mitane Town Forests in Akita – Watershield cultivation and water resource woodland protection project

Sink R001 524 1,397

0142Jul. 29,2011

Kinki OsakaCO2 Sink Expansion Project 2010-1 through forest managementactivities by the Osaka Forestry Association, Osaka: Creation of slowwoods

Sink R001 133 159

0141Jul. 29,2011

Tohoku AkitaOhdate, Kita Akita thinning promotion: Earthquake reconstructionassistance project

Sink R001 1,229 4,204

0140Jul. 29,2011

Tohoku YamagataWoody biomass hot/cool air supply project in higher regions of Yamagatausing ESCO system

Red.

SS-E001SS-E012

57

0139Jul. 29,2011

Shikoku KagawaGHG emission reduction project using high efficiency boilers for FujiFoods Co., Ltd., Kagawa

Red. E011 56

0138Jul. 29,2011

Multi-Region

MieSaitamaAichi

GHG emission reduction project using oil fuel derived from thermal wasteby Rhoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mie

Red. E021 266

0137Jul. 29,2011

KinkiOsakaNara

GHG emission reduction project using high efficiency lighting foramusement facilities developed by Primail Co., Ltd., Sakai, Osaka

Red.SS-E010

218

0136Jul. 29,2011

Tohoku YamagataFossil fuel reduction project using simultaneous hot and cold water heatpump for meat rooms at Shokuniku Kousha Co., Ltd. Plant, Yamagata

Red. E019 115

0135Jun. 30,2011

Chubu IshikawaGHG emission reduction/absorption credit generation support businessusing hot water source high efficiency heat pumps by Asahi SocialWelfare Organization, Ishikawa

Red. E019 57

0134Jun. 30,2011

Kanto ChibaGHG emission reduction project through the implementation of heatpumps at horticulture house in Kimitsu Garden, Chiba

Red. E012 43

0133Jun. 30,2011

Chugoku TottoriCO2 reduction expansion project through thinning promotion in Nichinan,Hino, Tottori

Sink R001 1,803

0132Jun. 30,2011

Kinki HyogoGHG emission reduction project using solar power for Omoto (Kobe) byOrix Corp.

Red. E024 51

0131Jun. 30,2011

Kinki ShigaCO2 emission reduction project through high efficiency lighting at HinoOffice of Shingoshu Package Co., Ltd.

Red. E010 27

0130Jun. 30,2011

Kanto TokyoGHG emission reduction project using regenerative cooling equipment inthe National Cancer Research Center

Red.SS-E012

55

0129Jun. 30,2011

Kyushu Okinawa GHG emission reduction project using LED lighting in Naha Aeon Store Red. E010 461

0128Jun. 30,2011

Kyushu Fukuoka Thinning promotion project in Tanushimaru, Kurume Sink R001 2,049 558

0127Jun. 30,2011

Kyushu Miyazaki CO2 sink project using forest thinning in Nobeoka Sink R001 2,788 12,683

0126 Jun. 30, Kinki Mie Forest thinning promotion project for Maeda Corporation in Iga City, Mie Sink R001 676

Appendix

60

2011

0125Jun. 30,2011

Chubu GifuForest thinning promotion project in Shirakawa – Cypress and ShirakawaTea Reforestation Project

Sink R001 216 586

0124Jun. 30,2011

Shikoku KagawaGHG emission reduction project using upgraded air conditioningcompressor by Tamaya Co., Ltd., Kagawa

Red. E012 63

0123Jun. 30,2011

Kyushu Oita CO2 reduction plan through boiler upgrading at JA Foods Co., Ltd. Oita Red. E011 169

0122Jun. 30,2011

Shikoku Tokushima Boiler upgrading project at Togawa Rubber Co., Ltd. Tokushima Plant Red. E011 89

0121Jun. 30,2011

Chubu IshikawaGHG emission reduction/absorption credit generation support businessusing water heated high efficiency heat pumps in APA Hotel KanazawaWest, Ishikawa

Red. E019 267

0120Jun. 30,2011

Kanto Kanagawa Odawara BDF Project: Local fuel consumption reduction Red. E004 22

0119Jun. 30,2011

Chugoku Tottori “Acorn Forest” Afforestation Project in Tottori Sink R003 128

0118Jun. 30,2011

Chubu GifuKiso Water Reclamation Corporation thinning promotion project: Forestwater source creation project

Sink R001 6,662 13,497

0117Jun. 30,2011

Shikoku Ehime Biofuel (B5) Promotion Project for the Ehime Biomass Energy Project Red.SS-E004

51

0116May 31,2011

Kyushu Nagasaki CO2 reduction eco-driving project in Kokubu, Nagasaki Red. E023 18 12

0115May 31,2011

Chugoku HiroshimaFossil fuel reduction methane emission avoidance project using bio-gasin the Hiroshima Food Industry Park Cooperative

Red. E018 1,237

0114May 31,2011

Chubu GifuGHG emission reduction project using small hydroelectric power for GifuWater Supply

Red. E015 50

0113May 31,2011

Kyushu Kumamoto Kanai forest thinning promotion project in Reihoku, Kumamoto Sink R001 362 597

0112May 31,2011

Chubu GifuGHG sink project using thinning for Kashimo Forest Cooperative inNakatsugawa, Gifu: Creating a recycling oriented mountain culture

Sink R001 6,335 7,416

0111May 31,2011

Kinki KyotoProject to improve health of the Earth through eco-friendly activities: GHGreduction projects with high efficiency air conditioners and pump/faninverters at Nitto Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Osadano Plant

Red.

SS-E017SS-E019

47

0110May 31,2011

Kinki WakayamaProject to improve health of the Earth through eco-friendly activities: GHGreduction project by using high efficiency lighting, high efficiency chillersand dryer waste heat recovery in Polytech Co., Ltd. Wakayama Factory

Red.

SS-E006SS-E010SS-E019

257

0109May 31,2011

Tohoku AkitaCO2 reduction project through boiler renovation and fuel conversion forAkita Pearl Rice

Red. E011 15

0108May 31,2011

Kinki Hyogo Higashigodo Forest Cooperative Forest Management Project, Hyogo Sink R001 531 615

0107May 31,2011

Chubu GifuGifu forest thinning promotion project: Project to create a clean flowingregion

Sink R001 4,820 12,290

0106May 31,2011

Kyushu Miyazaki Forest sink model project for Kadokawa Forest, Miyazaki Sink R001 490 291

0105Apr. 27,2011

KyushuFukuokaKumamoto

BDF utilization project derived from waste cooking oil, Nature and FutureInc.

Red. E004 402

0104Apr. 27,2011

Tohoku Iwate Iwate forest thinning promotion project for Hokuetsu Kishu Paper Sink R001 620 1,980

0103Apr. 27,2011

Tohoku AkitaBent bowl and loyal dog Hachiko’s hometown, Odate City: City forestJ-VER project

Sink R001 1,309 3,065

0102Apr. 27,2011

Chubu YamanashiGHG reduction project using small hydropower in Minami Alps,Yamanashi – Minami Alps Pure Water J-VER Generation Project

Red. E015 82 90

0101Apr. 27,2011

Kinki Nara “Nankai Forest” Forest management project for Nankai Railway Sink R001 822

0100Apr. 27,2011

Kinki OsakaGreenhouse Gas Reduction Project through Boiler Upgrading Technologyfor Osaka Maeda Co., Ltd., Osaka

Red. E011 98 77

0099Apr. 12,2011

Kyushu NagasakiGHG emission reduction project involving conversion to LPG fuel and theintroduction of high efficiency boilers at the JA Nagasaki Omura JuiceFactory

Red. E011 275

0098Apr. 12,2011

Kinki OsakaGHG emission reduction project using iron equipment upgradingtechnology for the Osaka Branch Juso Plant of United Linen Supply Co.,Ltd., Osaka

Red.SS-E014

32 15

0097Apr. 12,2011

Kinki OsakaGHG emission reduction project using low temperature heatrecovery/utilization technologies and boiler equipment upgrading forJapan Dream Services Co., Ltd. Matsubara Factory in Osaka

Red.E006E011

201 51

0096Apr. 12,2011

Kinki NaraGHG emission reduction project using low temperature heatrecovery/utilization technologies and boiler equipment upgrading for IdotaFuton Co., Ltd., Nara

Red.E006E011

211 36

0095Apr. 12,2011

Kinki WakayamaGHG emission reduction project using low temperature heatrecovery/utilization technologies for Maruwa Co., Ltd., Wakayama

Red. E006 36 11

0094Apr. 12,2011

Chubu GifuNeo development thinning promotion project for Motosu, Gifu – UsuzumiForest Development

Sink R001 2,578

0093Apr. 12,2011

Tohoku Akita Akita: Akita cedar forest sink J-VER project Sink R001 885 1,472

0092Apr. 12,2011

Tohoku Fukushima Wood stove offset credit project in Fukushima Red. E003 99 125

0091Apr. 12,2011

Kyushu Miyazaki Project to switch from fossil fuels to wood pellets Miyazaki Red. E002 135

0090Apr. 12,2011

Hokkaido Hokkaido Sapporo Co-op CO2 reduction delivery project Red. E004 502

0089Feb. 14,2011

Hokkaido Hokkaido Hokusei Kigyo biodiesel fuel utilization project Red. E004 203 147

0088Feb. 14,2011

Shikoku Kochi Kochi forest sink trading project B Sink R001 1,577

Appendix

61

0087Feb. 14,2011

Shikoku EhimeUchiko environmental town planning and joint thinning promotion CO2sink promotion project

Sink R001 6,052

0086Feb. 14,2011

Chubu Shizuoka Oji Paper Co., Ltd/ thinning promotion project in Shizuoka Sink R001 111

0085Feb. 14,2011

Kinki OsakaGreenhouse gas reduction project through boiler equipment upgrading forNihon Air Linen Co., Ltd., Osaka

Red. E011 93 243

0084Feb. 14,2011

Kinki OsakaGreenhouse gas reduction project through boiler equipment upgrading forShinko Resin Co., Ltd. in Osaka

Red. E011 33 17

0083Feb. 14,2011

Kyushu FukuokaUtilization of biodiesel fuel derived from waste cooking oil for FuchigamiCo., Ltd. in Fukuoka

Red. E004 264 660

0082Feb. 14,2011

Kinki Mie “Mitsui Bussan no Mori”, Mie, thinning promotion sink project Sink R001 551 1,331

0081Jan. 19,2011

Multi-Region

TochigiMieWakayamaOkayama

Kihara Zourin Corporation forest sink project in the Kanto, Tokai, Kinniand Chugoku regions – eco-friendly forest conservation project

Sink R001 1,737 2,025

0080Jan. 19,2011

Kyushu Fukuoka Fukuoka forest management thinning promotion project Sink R001 1,419 4,873

0079Jan. 19,2011

Chubu GifuHigashi Shirakawa Forestry Association, Gifu “FSC Certified Forest”thinning project – Tsuchino village eco-friendly town planning

Sink R001 2,001 2,571

0078Jan. 19,2011

Kinki KyotoGreenhouse gas reduction project using boiler equipment upgrading forRail Linen Services Co., Ltd., Kyoto

Red. E011 666 404

0077Jan. 19,2011

Hokkaido HokkaidoShimokawa Village office and its surrounding area heat supply systemproject using biomass energy

Red. E001 345 154

0076Jan. 19,2011

Kinki MieSustainable forest management promotion project for Miyagawa ForestryAssociation, upstream of Miyagawa, Mie – Reviving the Forest!!Activating forests to give life to the forest

Sink R002 2,484 5,287

0075Jan. 19,2011

Chubu GifuThinning promotion forest sink project for seedlings in Nakatsugawa, Gifu– Forest development to nurture seedlings

Sink R001 356 440

0074Jan. 19,2011

Hokkaido HokkaidoShihoro town forest development project through forest thinningpromotion

Sink R001 692 1,397

0073Jan. 19,2011

Tohoku Akita Forest J-VER project for the foot of Shirakami/Happou Sink R001 1,033 3,477

0072Jan. 19,2011

Hokkaido Hokkaido Toyokoro town thinning promotion project for Nitta Corporation Sink R001 1,555 4,581

0071Jan. 19,2011

KinkiOsakaKyoto

100% biodiesel bus service for Ikeda city Red. E004 50 30

0070Jan. 19,2011

Shikoku Ehime BDF utilization project for Tohon City School Lunch Center Red. E004 265 550

0069Jan. 19,2011

Hokkaido HokkaidoBDF utilization project for Showa Kogyo Corporation in the Tokachi region– Project contributing to a Tokachi low carbon society focused on Obihiroenvironmental model city

Red. E004 15 10

0068Jan. 19,2011

Chugoku Hiroshima School lunch delivery project through B-100BDF for Muku Co., Ltd. Red. E004 5 5

0067Dec. 22,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoShibetsu town windbreak development project – home of salmon forestdevelopment project

Sink R001 640 1,302

0066Dec. 22,2010

Hokkaido Hokkaido Minami-gumi group forest sink project (water jet CO2 reduction project) Sink R001 559 943

0065Dec. 22,2010

Kinki OsakaGreenhouse gas emission reduction project using low temperature heatrecovery/utilization technology and the upgrading of boiler equipment forTaiyo Senko Co., Ltd., Osaka

Red.E006E011

72 89

0064Dec. 22,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoThinning promotion and forest CO2 sink promotion project for townowned forests in Tsubetsu, Hokkaido

Sink R001 1,257 2,333

0063Dec. 22,2010

Chubu Yamanashi Yamanashi forest utilization global warming policy project Sink R001 12,184 26,168

0062Dec. 22,2010

Chugoku TottoriThinning promotion project for Zorin Kosha in Tottori – Oyama Forest:forest sink project

Sink R001 2,359 4,414

0061Dec. 22,2010

Tohoku Fukushima Tabito forest sink project for Iwaki Zorin Co., Ltd. forests Sink R002 2,988 10,666

0060Dec. 22,2010

Chubu NaganoJ-VER project using wood stoves in Nagano –forest development throughunseen credits

Red. E007 437 543

0059Dec. 22,2010

Kinki WakayamaForest sink project for Yamacho Co., Ltd. in Kishu/Wakayama – Usingwooden homes as a bond to connect mountains and citizens

Sink R002 743 1,427

0058Dec. 22,2010

Shikoku EhimeThinning promotion forest sink project for Kuma Region ForestryAssociation in Kumakogen

Sink R001 522 936

0057Dec. 22,2010

Kinki KyotoBiodiesel (B100) alternative fuel project for Kasix/Aburato joint venture inKyoto/Lake Biwa area

Red. E004 33 18

0056Dec. 22,2010

Kinki OsakaGreenhouse gas reduction project using boiler equipment upgrading forKCC Inc., Osaka

Red. E011 80 205

0055Dec. 22,2010

Kinki WakayamaForest management project for Hirokawa town, Tohin plantation – Ki noKuni forest development happiness project

Sink R002 0 4,158

0054Dec. 22,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoKamishihoro forest thinning promotion project (project to develop richforests for the next generation)

Sink R001 526 1,474

0053Nov. 15,2010

Kyushu KumamotoGreenhouse gas sink project using thinning for Kumamoto prefecturalforests

Sink R001 1,088 1,971

0052Nov. 15,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoForest sink project for Hiroo town, Hokkaido – Santa no Mori reforestationproject

Sink R001 956 1,455

0051Nov. 15,2010

Tohoku IwateMita Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd. thinning promotion project(Morioka, Iwate)

Sink R001 148 438

0050Nov. 15,2010

Tohoku Akita Akita prefectural forest J-VER project Sink R001 246 331

0049Nov. 15,2010

Hokkaido Hokkaido Oji Paper Co., Ltd. thinning promotion project, Hokkaido Sink R001 5,946 6,020

0048Nov. 15,2010

Chubu GifuGreenhouse gas reduction project using woody biomass fuel for GeroRegion/Miki no Sato, Gifu – Seiryu township forest energy cycle project

Red. E002 297 402

0047Nov. 15,2010

Shikoku Tokushima“Binding Tokushima through Forests” Project for forest sink project for theTokushima Forestry Corporation

Sink R001 456 1,236

0046Nov. 15,2010

Tohoku AomoriForest sink project for Aomori prefectural forests (Blue Forest HappinessProject)

Sink R001 299 507

0045Nov. 15,2010

Kanto ChibaUniversity of Tokyo Chiba forest thinning promotion project – University ofTokyo Sustainable Campus Project

Sink R001 358 495

0044Nov. 15,2010

Hokkaido Hokkaido “Mitsui Bussan no Mori” Hokkaido thinning promotion sink project Sink R001 3,591 6,601

0043Nov. 15,2010

ShikokuKochiTokushima

SGH Group Kochi/Tokushima long term forest management project Sink R002 2,170 5,608

0042 Oct. 25, Kinki Osaka Greenhouse gas emission reduction project using low temperature heat Red. E006 96 217

Appendix

62

2010 recovery/utilization technologies for Kinki Singu Corporation in Osaka

0041Oct. 25,2010

Tohoku Iwate Iwate prefectural forest sink emission trading project Sink R001 907 2,422

0040Oct. 25,2010

Tohoku MiyagiGreenhouse gas emission reduction project using wood pellet boilers forKurikoma wood, Miyagi

Red. E002 56 26

0039Oct. 25,2010

Tohoku Miyagi Kurikoma forest resource utilization project using pellet fuel Red. E003 28 8

0038Oct. 25,2010

Chubu ToyamaThinning promotion forest development project for Toyama city andForestry Associations: “Mori no Chikara” Toyama Project

Sink R001 817 230

0037Sept, 17,2010

Kyushu Oita Thinning promotion project in Kamitsue, Hita Sink R001 764 828

0036Sept, 17,2010

Tohoku Fukushima Kitakata forest development acceleration project Sink R001 330 112

0035Sept, 17,2010

Chugoku Tottori Thinning promotion project, Chizu Sink R001 644 149

0034Aug. 17,2010

Tohoku IwateGreenhouse gas sink project using silvicultural intensification (forestmaintenance activities) for the Kamaishi Forestry Cooperative: Creationof the Kamaishi Green System

Sink R002 2,084 4,265

0033Aug. 17,2010

Chugoku HiroshimaCO2 sink project through thinning promotion for Asahi Beer “Asahi noMori” (Hiroshima)

Sink R001 1,847 1,375

0032Jul. 9,2010

Tohoku Fukushima Kashima owned forest maintenance sink project 2 (Fukushima) Sink R001 126 241

0031Jun. 16,2010

Tohoku Akita Kita Akita regional promotion project: Kamikoani J-VER project Sink R001 233 803

0030May 25,2010

Chugoku TottoriGreenhouse gas emission reduction project using forest maintenanceactivities for the Ashizu property district, Tottori – Ashizu Forestwoodcutting project

Sink R001 723 652

0029May 25,2010

Kanto Kanagawa Thinning promotion project for Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Kanagawa Sink R001 1,203 2,833

0028Apr. 28,2010

Kanto Tokyo Kashima group biodiesel activation project Red. E004 260 154

0027Apr. 28,2010

Kanto SaitamaFossil fuel alternative project using wood pellets for Mokunen Workshop,Saitama

Red. E002 229 327

0026Mar. 29,2010

Chubu NiigataJ-VER project using wood pellets in Niigata (Project to switch from an oilcity to a wood energy city)

Red. E003 92 22

0025Mar. 29,2010

Multi-Region

OkayamaMieWakayama

Maeda Forestry Co. sink projects in Kinki and Chugoku: Forest sinkproject for the connectedness of mothers and children

Sink R002 3,353 4,988

0024Mar. 29,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoWoody biomass boiler activation project for Bihoro town as part of theBihoro low carbon urban development project (Bihoro low carbon urbandevelopment project)

Red. E001 286

0023Mar. 29,2010

Kyushu Miyazaki Kashima owned forest maintenance sink project 3 (Miyazaki) Sink R001 397 208

0022Mar. 29,2010

Kinki MieSustainable forest management project for Miyagawa basin, Odai-cho,Mie

Sink R002 1,394 2,389

0021Mar. 29,2010

Hokkaido HokkaidoBiodiesel fuel activation project derived from waste cooking oil for Tobetsufureai buses

Red. E004 56 54

0020Mar. 29,2010

Chubu ShizuokaThinning promotion offset project in Horinouchi, Haruno, Tenryu District,Hamamatsu

Sink R001 74

0019Feb. 5,2010

Kinki Mie Matsuzaka forest sink project Sink R001 159 221

0018Feb. 5,2010

Shikoku KochiWoody biomass residual heat utilization project derived from thinning forIkegawa Mokuzai Kogyo Co., Ltd. in Niyodogawa, Kochi

Red. E001 620 51

0017Dec. 3,2009

Hokkaido Hokkaido Ashoro Forest biomass energy utilization project Sink E002 225 272

0016Dec. 3,2009

Tohoku IwateForest Neighborhood Association (Thinning promotion project throughcollaboration between thinning support companies andIwaizumi/Kuzumaki towns, Iwate)

Red. R001 393 503

0015Dec. 3,2009

Shikoku Kochi Yusuhara woody biomass regional resource cycle project Red. E002 275 279

0014Dec. 3,2009

Chubu Nagano J-VER project using wood pellet stoves in Nagano Sink E003 99 217

0013Dec. 3,2009

Hokkaido Hokkaido Monbetsu forest thinning promotion forest development project Sink R001 1,125 2,003

0012Dec. 3,2009

Kyushu Kumamoto Thinning promotion project in Oguni, Kumamoto Sink R001 504 1,012

0011Dec. 3,2009

Kyushu Miyazaki Forest carbon sink utilization project in Morotsuka Sink R001 673 1,629

0010Dec. 3,2009

Kinki Hyogo Higashi Godo cooperative forest management project Sink R001 344 807

0009Dec. 3,2009

Chugoku Tottori Tottori prefectural forest J-VER project Sink R001 388 1,033

0008Dec. 3,2009

Hokkaido Hokkaido Takinoue Hotel valley woody biomass utilization project Red. E001 236 209

0007Nov. 10,2009

Hokkaido Hokkaido Forest biomass energy activation project for Gomi Hot Springs etc. Red. E001 248 715

0006Nov. 10,2009

Multi-Region

Oze(Gunma,Tochigi,Niigata,Fukushima)

Greenhouse gas reduction project using thinning for Oze Tokura forest Red. E001 85 147

0005Nov. 10,2009

Shikoku Tokushima Naka-cho, Naka-gun, Tokushima Forest Sink Business Sink R001 938 1,974

0004Jul.1,2009

Shikoku Kochi Kochi Forest Sink Trading Project Sink R001 1,019 285

0003Jul.1,2009

Kyushu MiyazakiSumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd. forest management project I (YamaseDistrict, Miyazaki Business District)

Sink R002 12,937 4,234

0002Jul. 1,2009

Hokkaido Hokkaido Forest Thinning Business for 4 Cooperating Towns in Hokkaido Sink R001 7,625 9,828

0001Dec. 19,2008

Shikoku Kochi Kochi Wood Resource Energy Utilization Business B Red. E001 2,692 7,555

0000Dec. 19,2008

Shikoku Kochi Kochi Wood Resource Energy Utilization Business A Red. E001 1,076 899

Appendix

63

Appendix 2: List of Carbon Offset Certified Projects(as of February 28, 2013)

(1) Japan Carbon Offsetting Scheme: List of Carbon Offset Certified ProjectsDate of Cert.

Cert. No.Name of Project/Detailed Information

[Certificate Holder]Cert. Class. Effective Period Credit

2013/1/28CO2-0058

Kesennuma Dance Studio’s dance lessons at temporary housing carbon offset (travelto the housing by teachers and participants between January and February, 2013)[Ekoken Consulting Organization]

I-2 [Events & Conferences] 2013/2/1-2014/1/31 J-VER

2013/2/20CO2-0057

Offset part of CO2 emitted when manufacturing products (Highstep Corner, Eco STBlock) using recycled plastic[Tsutai Kogyo Corp.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2013/2/2-2014/2/20 J-VER

2013/1/28CO2-0056

NPB Green Baseball Project 2012[Nippon Professional Baseball Org.]


2013/2/20CO2-0055

Disaster Hit Area Restoration Support Carbon Offset with Company Uniforms made byTsukamotoU&S[Tsukamoto U&S Corp.]


2013/2/1CO2-0054

Carbon offset for Gakken CSR Report 2013 published by Gakken Holdings Co. Ltd.[Gakken Holdings Co. Ltd.]

I-3 [Personal Activities] 2013/2/18-2014/2/17 J-VER

2013/1/31CO2-0053

Carbon Offset for CIC’s locally produced/consumed clean sticky mat and skeleton bags[Kansai C.I.C. Technical Research Corp.]


2013/1/31CO2-0052

Offset CO2 emitted by members of Kyushu Forest Carbon Offset PromotionAssociation when working in Kyushu forests with purchased high-quality forestrymachinery[Kyushu Forest Carbon Offset Promotion Association]


2013/1/31CO2-0051

Offset part of carbon generated by travel of Chizu Town forest therapy tour participants[Chizu Town Forest Therapy Promotion Association]


2012/1/28CO2-0050

Offset Product (external wall material (thinned wood material) MOEN-EKUSERADO/Wwith environmental value (J-VER)) Sales Model Project: Offsetting CO2 equivalent tothe amount emitted in 3 years from everyday life for those purchased the product.[Nichiha Co. Ltd.]

II [Personal ActivitiesSupport]

2013/1/30-2014/1/29 J-VER

2012/1/30CO2-0049

“Support for Disaster Hit Areas from Okinawa!”: Carbon offset for lemon flavored brownsugar GUMI made in Okinawa (offset carbon equivalent to the amount emitted in a dayby those purchased the product)[Sanko Shokuhin Corp.]


2013/1/30-2014/1/29 J-VER

2012/1/25CO2-0048

Forest Eco-station (Resource Recycling Station) Carbon Offset in Mie Prefecture[Kankyoshiko Co. Ltd.]


2012/1/31CO2-0047

Carbon offset by carrot distilled spirit: “Drink one bottle of spirit and contribute to 1kg ofCO2 sink”: Offsetting CO2 emitted by purchaser in everyday life by Tanushimaru Forestsink in Kurume City[Kenjo Co. Ltd.]


2013/3/1-2014/2/28 J-VER

2012/1/25CO2-0046

Carbon offset for recycle glass (Sandwave G) manufacturing process[Toei Corp.]


2013/1/18CO2-0045

Merry Christmas to disaster hit areas!: Offset carbon with chocolate cakes (offset partof CO2 emitted from purchasers’ everyday life through disaster hit area J-VER)[Osaka Maeda Confectionery Co. Ltd.]


2013/1/18-2014/1/17 J-VER

2013/1/17CO2-0044

Locally produced/consumed type carbon offset for public works construction sites ofSugimotogumi[Sugimotogumi Corp.]


2013/1/15CO2-0043

Offset carbon emitted during one year of concrete floor construction works using waterjet technology[Dai-Ichi Cutter Kogyo K.K.]


2013/1/11CO2-0042

Carbon offset for wooden houses made only from Aomori woods (KenmokujuCooperative offsets CO2 emitted during construction）[Kenmokuju Co-op]


Appendix

64

2013/1/9CO2-0041

Kanegasaki Cooperative carbon offset project to sell apples: Offset carbon emitted byconsumers’ everyday life with credits generated in disaster hit areas[Kanegasaki Cooperative]


2013/1/11-2014/1/10 J-VER

2012/12/26CO2-0040

Carbon offset of judicial scrivener Oike’s office[Judicial Scrivener Oike Office]

I-3 [Personal Activities] 2013/1/15-2014/1/14J-VERCER

2012/12/25CO2-0039

Offset part of CO2 emitted from travel by participants to Blanche Family Eco Program[Nagawamachi Shinkokosha]


2012/12/27-2013/12/26 J-VER

2012/12/26CO2-0038

SG Moving’s moving service with carbon offset to support disaster hit areas[SV Moving Co. Ltd.]


2012/12/19CO2-0037

Carbon offset of “nobodayknows + 12/28 one man live” Neverland 2012End-of-the-Year Special”[SigmaSoundsStudio]


2012/12/18CO2-0036

Support the environment and disaster hit areas by printing with carbon offset “thinpaper”: Offset CO2 emitted when making thin paper used for printing[Kawase Insatsu Co. Ltd.]


2012/12/12CO2-0035

Offset part of carbon emitted from one day ski trip at Naeba/Kagura Ski Resort ofPrince Hotels Inc.[Prince Hotels Inc.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/12/12-2013/12/11Pref.-VER

2012/12/11CO2-0034

Carbon offset by participating in environmental conservation promotion activity, such as“Hokkaido Energy Saving 3S Campaign” by Ekonosuke, Hokkaido’s environmentalimage character[Hokkaido]


2012/12/13CO2-0033

Carbon offset “Tohoku’s Reconstruction Support Tour”[H.I.S. Co. Ltd.]


2012/12/5CO2-0032

Offset part of carbon from wedding ceremony and honeymoon for the Kinoshita/Ochiaifamilies[Norihiko Kinoshita and Mari Kinoshita (Ochiai)]


2012/11/27CO2-0031

Carbon offset for national sales tour carried out for employment and economicrevitalization of disaster hit areas (Offset carbon emitted by travel of participants toWaseda University Festival on Nov. 3, 2012 and Spot Sales at Yokohama Aka-rengaWarehouse on Dec. 22, 2012)[Ecoken Consulting Organization]


2012/11/27CO2-0030

Toppan Forms’ business forms with carbon offset[Toppan Forms Co. Ltd.]


2012/11/26CO2-0029

Carbon offset for partitions (e-panel) made from recycled pet bottles[Inoue Kinko K.K.]


2012/11/17CO2-0028

Carbon offset for one person’s CO2 emitted from the kitchen of the family that boughtthe Happou Shirakami Salt: Contribute to the environmental conservation of ShirakamiMountains, a World Heritage Site[Happou Shirakami Shizen Shokuhin K.K.]


2012/11/22-2013/11/21 J-VER

2012/11/14CO2-0027

Offset carbon emitted from demolition of Tokyu Land Corp. East Japan RestorationSupport Plaza[Tokyu Land Corp.]


2012/11/16CO2-0026

Carbon offset introduction project for daily activities of purchasers of local goods onlinethrough the website of Furusato-Kikaku.[Furusato-Kikaku K.K.]

II (Personal ActivitiesSupport)

2012/11/20-2013/11/19 J-VER

2012/11/16CO2-0025

Carbon offset introduction project for daily activities of Maruchiku Taxi users[Maruchiku Taxi K.K.]


2012/11/20-2013/11/19 J-VER

2012/11/14CO2-0024

Save corals from global warming!: Carbon offset for the operation of Varuna, a coralinvestigation vessel of Okinawa Environmental Science [Okinawa EnvironmentalScience Center]


2012/11/6CO2-0023

Offset part of carbon for international air cargo transportation: Offset Eco-Tsu[Tokyo Aviation Office, Nippon Express Co. Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/12/1-2013/11/30 CER

2012/11/6CO2-0022

Automobile leasing with carbon offset (Business Car V-Plan)[Hokkaido Leasing Co. Ltd.]


2013/4/1-2014/3/31 J-VER

Appendix

65

2012/10/30CO2-0021

Carbon offset of FY2012-13 International Rotary Convention at 2750 Region[Secretariat for the International Rotary Convention at 2750 Region: Meguro RotaryClub]


2012/10/30CO2-0020

Refrigerator gadget with offset (toy Fridgeezoo)[solidalliance]


2012/12/1-2013/11/30CERJ-VER

2012/10/12CO2-0019

“Carbon Offset Field Trip”: Offset carbon emitted from the bus travel between thestarting point and Tengu Mountain in Hokkaido[Chuo Bus Corp.]


2012/10/14CO2-0018

ITOKI Speech Chair Series (32 types) Carbon Offset[Itoki Corp]


2012/10/12CO2-0017

SAPPORO COLLECTION 2013: Offset carbon emitted from energy use (electricityconsumption at carbon offset project events[Sapporo Collection Planning Committee]


2012/10/11CO2-0016

Offset carbon generated from the operation of Inter-University Athletic Union of JapanChichibunomiya Trophy 44th All Japan Long Distance Relay Race[The Inter-University Athletic Union of Japan]


2012/10/3CO2-0015

POP packaging material with carbon offset[Calbee Inc.]


2012/9/28CO2-0014

Offset carbon generated at the 71st Ichinoseki-Morioka Long Distance Relay race[Iwate Nippo Co. Ltd.]


2012/9/26CO2-0013

“First Step to Action Project to make use of learning of the first two years in junior highschool”: Offset carbon emitted by using school sites (electricity use) on Saturdays (13days) for “Environment” lesson to study math and science in Todoroki Junior and HighSchool of Tokyo City University[Tokyo City University Todoroki Junior and High School]

I-3 [Personal Activities] 2012/10/1-2013/9/30CERJ-VER

2012/9/25CO2-0012

Washing-type air filter recycling service with carbon offset[Sumitomo Shoji Machinex Co. Ltd.]


2012/9/19CO2-0011

Window film with carbon offset[Sumitomo 3M Co. Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/10/1-2013/9/30CERJ-VER

2012/9/18CO2-0010

Support the environment and disaster hit area through carbon offset: Offset carbonemitted during renovation of a house purchased used.[Style Koubou Ltd.]


2012/9/13CO2-0009

Carbon offset for the environment/social reports published by Seven Eleven Japan Co.Ltd., Ito-Yokado Co. Ltd., and Sogo & Seibu Co. Ltd.[Seven & i Holdings Co. Ltd.]


2012/9/12CO2-0008

Carbon offset for the Eco Products Tohoku 2012 event by NPO The Tohoku Chamberof Environment[The Tohoku Chamber of Environment]


2012/9/7CO2-0007

Carbon offset for TOKAI-ECO-FESTA[Tokai Eco Festa Planning Committee (Ryukohasshin Group)]


2012/8/30CO2-0006

Carbon offset for pickled plum products (one product for supermarkets and 6 productsas gifts) made by Tonohata[Tonohata Co. Ltd.]


2012/8/31CO2-0005

Disaster hit area support type offset by serving local dishes at parking areas[Tsutai Corp.]


2012/8/28CO2-0004

Let’s raise Blakiston's fish owl forest!: Carbon offset of tree planting project that isfriendly to the environment with members of Wild Bird Society of Japan[Wild Bird Society of Japan]


2012/8/16CO2-0003

Carbon offset for Nagoya Masters Day Event[Chubu Senior Revitalization Support Organization]


2012/7/23CO2-0002

Carbon offset of 35 daily products of environment friendly private brand“WeLoveGreen”[Family Mart Co. Ltd.]


2012/7/12CO2-0001

Offset for Kaunet Catalog (2012 Fall-Winter version) with Kaunet Furniture Catalog(2012 Fall-Winter version)[Kaunet Co. Ltd.]


Appendix

66

(2) Carbon Offsetting Certification Scheme: List of Carbon Offset Certified ProjectsDate of Cert.

Cert. No.Name of Project/Detailed Information

[Certificate Holder]Cert. Class. Effective Period Credit

2012/06/184CJ-1100100

Carbon offset for daily activities of participants at Ehime FC’s home game “Disaster hitarea support type carbon offset game” on July 15, 2012[Ehime FC Co. Ltd.]

II [Personal Activities OffsetSupport]

2012/07/06-2013/06/30 J-VER

2012/06/054CJ-1100099

Carbon offset for mid-to-high efficiency air filter “emilent” series[Clean Engineering Department of Nitta Corp.]


2012/05/294CJ-1100098

Carbon offset at “Kyusho Eco Fair 2012/Business Show 2012” event[Nippon Omni Management Association, Kyushu]


2012/03/264CJ-1100097

Carbon offset for 2012 Sun Chlorella Classic Golf Tournament[Sun Chlorella Co. Ltd.]


2012/02/274CJ-1100096

Carbon offsets for “offset product labels” – Regional revitalization and environmentalbranding of flowers/flowering plants using wood pellet heating in Akiba, Niigata[Wood Pellet Promotion Conference]

II [Personal Activities.Offset Support]

2012/02/27-2013/01/31 J-VER

2012/02/244CJ-1100090

GARRISON Carbon Offset novelty project[GARRISON]


2012/02/24-2013/01/31Pref.J-VER

2012/02/244CJ-1100089

Carbon offsets for Consadole Sapporo 2012 season (J1 League) home games(offsetting the amount of CO2 from the use of electricity, gas and water at the stadiumfor the time of the match (90 minutes)[Hokkaido Football Club Co., Ltd]


2012/02/244CJ-1100088

Works Guild Japan “Dictionary Horn” Carbon Offsets[Works Guild Japan Co., Ltd.]


2012/02/164CJ-1100087

Air conditioning air filter recycling service with carbon offsets[Sumitomo Shoji Machinex Co., Ltd.]


2012/01/304CJ-1100086

“Cherry” and “Cymbidium” carbon offsets in Minami Alps, Yamanashi[Minami Alps City, Yamanashi]


2012/03/01-2013/02/28 J-VER

2012/01/274CJ-1100085

Carbon offsets for “Owashi no Hana Farm Project” Flower Festival in Kimitu, Chiba[Infocom Corporation]


2012/01/244CJ-1100084

Carbon offset beer (Black label, Sapporo Classic carbon offsets)[Sapporo Breweries Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/02/01- 2013/01/31 J-VER

2012/01/244CJ-1100083

CO2 offsets for emissions from electricity and boiler use in relation to the carbon offsetmanagement of the Okhotsk Monbetsu airport building[Memanbetsu Airport Building Co., Ltd.]

I-3 [Personal Activities.Offsets]

2012/01/24- 2012/12/31 J-VER

2012/01/244CJ-1100082

Novelty carbon offsets using J-VER and wood generated from the Kamaishi ForestryAssociation forest management project[Canon Marketing Japan Inc.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/01/24- 2012/10/31 J-VER

2012/01/244CJ-1100078

Carbon offsets for participating elementary school students in the “EnvironmentalPicture Diaries” for 2011[Yokoyama Resource Recycling Business Cooperative]


2012/02/01- 2012/05/31 J-VER

2012/01/244CJ-1100077

3M Dinoc interior films with carbon offset[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/02/01- 2013/01/31AAUCER

2012/01/244CJ-1100076

Carbon offsets for power consumption (partial) for the CAC Corporation headquartersbuilding[CAC Corporation]


2012/01/24- 2012/10/31 CER

2011/11/164CJ-1100075

Carbon offsets for Humony net VERYCARD[Humony Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/01/01- 2012/12/31 AAU

2011/11/164CJ-1100074

CNG car leasing business with carbon offsets[Low Emission Vehicle Transportation Foundation]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/02/01- 2013/01/31 CER

2011/11/164CJ-1100073

Energy saving window film for home use with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2012/01/01- 2012/12/31CERJ-VER

2011/11/164CJ-1100072

Carbon offsets for Kaunet catalog set (Spring-Summer 2012 Catalog (No. 23),Spring-Summer 2012 Furniture Catalog (No. 11), With Kaunet Spring-Summer 2012Catalog, Spring-Summer 2012 With Kaunet Furniture Catalog)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2011/10/284CJ-1100071

Carbon offsets for customers making online reservations for Super Hotel (Eco Stay)[Super Hotel Co., Ltd.]


2011/10/244CJ-1100070

“Offset Eco 2” carbon offsets for international air cargo transportation[Nippon Express, Tokyo Airline Branch, International Cargo Dept.]


2011/10/244CJ-1100069

Toppan Forms: Business forms with carbon offsets[Toppan Forms Co., Ltd.]


2011/10/244CJ-1100068

Itoki Spina carbon offset project[Itoki Corporation]


2011/09/304CJ-1100067

Carbon offsets based on “VERCREY CoC” environmental standards[Heiwa Paper Co., Ltd.]


2011/09/214CJ-1100066

Carbon offsets for the running of the 43rd University Ekiden[Athletic Students Union of Japan]


2011/09/084CJ-1100065

Carbon offsets for 3M Volition cable and patch cords[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]


2011/08/254CJ-1100064

Window film with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2011/10/01-2012/09/30CERJ-VER

2011/07/124CJ-1100063

Tonohata umeboshi product carbon offset plan[Tonohata Co., Ltd.]


2011/07/124CJ-1100062

Carbon offsets for Kaunet catalog set (Autumn-Winter 2011 Catalog (No. 22),Autumn-Winter 2011 Furniture Catalog (No. 10), With Kaunet Autumn-Winter 2011Catalog, Autumn-Winter 2011 With Kaunet Furniture Catalog)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2011/05/304CJ-1100061

Carbon offsets for “2011 Sun Chlorella Classic Golf Tournament”[Sun Chlorella Corp.]


2011/04/284CJ-1100060

Carbon offsets for Koikeya potato chips 60g series (offset target product)[Koikeya Co., Ltd.]


2011/03/04 Carbon offsets for electricity, gas, heating and water use for conference venue and I-2 [Events & Conferences] 2011/03/04-2012/02/28 CER

Appendix

67

4CJ-1000059 surrounding hotels for the 2010 APEC meeting in Yokohama[Yokohama City]

2011/03/044CJ-1000058

Carbon offsets for “VanaH” natural hydrogenated water *This system is used to certifythe carbon offsets associated with this product. This system does not certify theexpressions of being “United Nations certified emissions” or “Natural hydrogenatedwater”, and the system administrator bares no responsibility for these expressions.[VanaH Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2011/04/01-2012/03/31 AAU

2011/03/014CJ-1000057

3M library anti-theft device with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]


2011/02/244CJ-1000056

Zero CO2 concrete water retaining tape with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]


2011/01/044CJ-1000055

Carbon offsets for the sale of uniforms (partial) to York Benimaru and York Martbetween January and December 2011[Sunrich Mode Inc.]


2010/12/214CJ-1000054

Carbon offset postcards for sale in 2011[Postal Services Co.]


2011/02/01-2012/01/31CERorJ-VER

2010/12/104CJ-1000053

Carbon offsets for joint implementation of Infocom and the Teijin Matsuyama office(Teijin soccer school uniform carbon offsets)[Teijin Matsuyama office]


2010/11/254CJ-1000052

Carbon offset project for Humony net telegrams[Humony Co., Ltd.]


2010/11/254CJ-1000051

Carbon offsets for international air cargo transportation[Nippon Express, Tokyo Airline Branch, International Cargo Dept.]


2010/11/254CJ-1000050

Natural Lawson carbon offset campaign[Lawson Inc.]


2010/11/25-2011/03/31 J-VER

2010/11/254CJ-1000049

Carbon offsets for power consumption (partial) of CAC Corporation head office building[CAC Corporation]


2010/11/25-2011/10/31 CER

2010/11/254CJ-1000048

Kaunet Catalog Set (Catalog No. 21 Furniture Catalog No. 9, With KaunetSpring-Summer 2011 Catalog Furniture Catalog for Spring-Summer 2011)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2010/11/254CJ-1000047

Carbon offsets (limited number] for “Tomato (Momotaro House) ” agricultural productsfrom Minami Alps City, Yamanashi[Minami Alps City, Yamanashi]

II [Personal ActivitiesOffset Support]

2010/11/25-2011/10/31 J-VER

2010/11/044CJ-1000046

Itoki carbon offset furniture project[Itoki Corporation]


2010/11/044CJ-1000045

Taisei 1ton Club[Taisei Corporation]


2010/11/04-2011/10/31CER

2010/11/044CJ-1000044

Zero CO2 emission buildings and offices[Taisei Corporation]

I-3 [Personal Activities.] 2010/11/04-2011/10/31CER

2010/11/044CJ-1000043

Toppan Forms business forms with carbon offsets[Toppan Forms Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2011/01/01-2011/12/31CER

2010/10/054CJ-1000042

Zero CO2 interior film with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2011/02/01-2012/01/31CERAAU

2010/10/054CJ-1000041

Carbon offsets for the 42nd University Ekiden operation[Athletic Students Union of Japan]


2010/10/054CJ-1000040

Carbon neutral*/air conditioning filter recycling service (* this system does not certifycarbon neutrality)[Sumitomo Shoji Machinex Co., Ltd.]


2010/10/054CJ-1000039

Carbon offsets for the running of the “59th Nagano long distance Ekiden”[The Shinano Mainichi Shimbun]


2010/10/054CJ-1000038

CNG car leasing business with carbon offsets[Low Emission Vehicle Transportation Foundation]


2010/08/194CJ-1000037

Window film with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]


2010/08/194CJ-1000036

Tonohata umeboshi product carbon offset project[Tonohata Co., Ltd.]


2010/08/194CJ-1000035

Carbon offsets for holding the 10th Conference of Parties to the Convention onBiological Diversity and the 5th Conference of Parties to the Cartagena Protocol onBiosafety[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation Bureau, Convention on BiologicalDiversity COP10 Secretariat]

I-2 [Events & Conferences] 2010/08/19-2011/03/18CERJ-VER

2010/07/234CJ-1000034

Carbon offsets for customer reservations on company website (Eco Stay)[Super Hotel Co., Ltd.]


2010/07/134CJ-1000033

Carbon offsets for Kaunet catalog set (Autumn-Winter 2011 Catalog (No. 20), FurnitureCatalog (No. 8), With Kaunet Autumn-Winter 2010 Catalog, Autumn-Winter 2010 WithKaunet Furniture Catalog)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2010/06/034CJ-1000032

Metal LAN cables Cat5e/6 with carbon offsets[Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.]


2010/04/264CJ-1000031

Carbon offsets for Koikeya potato chips 60g series (campaign products)[Koikeya Co., Ltd.]


2010/03/014CJ-0900030

Carbon offsets for (3) water saving shower head of 2010 manufactured and sold“eco-touch” water saving devices[Ecoline Corporation]

I-1 [Products & Services] 2010/03/01-2011/03/28CERInvalidated

2010/03/014CJ-0900029

Carbon offsets for (2) faucet switching cock of 2010 manufactured and sold “eco-touch”water saving devices[Ecoline Corporation]


2010/03/014CJ-0900028

Carbon offsets for (1) flow control valve of 2010 manufactured “eco-touch” water savingdevices[Ecoline Corporation]


2010/02/254CJ-0900027

Hiyoshi Corporation dioxin analysis carbon offset project (Bioassay: CaluxrAssay)[Hiyoshi Ecological Services Co.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900026

Business forms (envelopes] with carbon offsets[Toppan Forms Co., Ltd.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900025

Carbon offsets for the “Love the Earth Project 21” and “Love the Earth Live” compilationalbum, a joint production of Infocom and the Fuji Television Network for the 50thanniversary of the Fuji Television Network[Fuji Television Network, Inc.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900024

Carbon offsets for the “Love the Earth Project 21” and “Love the Earth Live”, a jointproduction of Infocom and the Fuji Television Network for the 50th anniversary of theFuji Television Network[Fuji Television Network, Inc.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900023

Kaunet Catalog Set (Catalog No. 19 Furniture Catalog No. 7, With KaunetSpring-Summer 2010 Catalog Furniture Catalog for Spring-Summer 2010)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2009/12/01 Carbon offset postcards sold in 2010 II [Personal Activities. 2009/12/01-2010/12/31 CER

Appendix

68

4CJ-0900022 [Postal Services Company] Offset Support] J-VER2009/12/014CJ-0900021

Business forms (postcards) with carbon offsets[Toppan Forms Co., Ltd.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900020

Carbon offsets for Ikaho Ryokan Cooperative/Hotels[JTB Kanto Corp.]


2009/12/014CJ-0900019

Carbon offset of power consumption (partial) for CAC Corporation head office buildingfacilities[CAC Corporation]

I-3 [Personal Activities.] 2009/12/01-2010/12/31 CER

2009/10/234CJ-0900018

ANA carbon offset program[All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd.]


2009/10/224CJ-0900017

Carbon offsets for “Otama Boro” using 100% Hokkaido produced potato starch[Osaka Maeda Co., Ltd.]


2009/10/22-2010/10/31 CER

2009/10/224CJ-0900016

Carbon offsets for the non-standard rice cracker that is not wasted[Kanefuku Seika Co., Ltd.]


2009/10/22-2010/10/31 CER

2009/10/224CJ-0900015

Carbon offsets for “Citrus Kingdom” brand vinegar drink (vinegar products)[Ozaki Foods Corporation]


2009/10/22-2010/10/31 CER

2009/10/224CJ-0900014

Eco-vacations[Eco-Tour Labs]


2009/10/224CJ-0900013

Carbon offset public awareness campaign on NCB radio program “Miho Takagi close toyou” and STV radio program “Sen-chan’s Happy Radio Dome”[Bunkahoso Kaihatsu Center Inc.]


2009/10/064CJ-0900012

Carbon offsets for the sale of jacket YB1508 uniforms (partial) to York Benimaru[Sunrich Mode Inc.]


2009/10/064CJ-0900011

Carbon offsets for the sale of blouse Y6800/6000 (long sleeve/short sleeve) uniforms(partial) to York Benimaru[Sunrich Mode Inc.]


2009/10/064CJ-0900010

Carbon offsets for the sale of white shirt YB100 (long sleeve/short sleeve) uniforms(partial) to York Benimaru[Sunrich Mode Inc.]


2009/10/064CJ-0900009

Carbon offsets for the sale of white robe YB240 (men/women) and apron uniforms toYork Benimaru[Sunrich Mode Inc.]


2009/09/074CJ-0900008

Carbon offsets for the 41st University Ekiden operation[Asatsu DK, Athletic Students Union of Japan]

I-2 [Events & Conferences] 2009/09/07-2010/09/30 CER

2009/09/074CJ-0900007

Carbon offset postcards sold in 2009[Postal Services Company]

I-2 [Events & Conferences] 2009/09/07-2010/09/30CERJ-VER

2009/09/024CJ-0900006

Carbon offsets for atom6e soil improvement materials[Bluetec Co., Ltd.]


2009/08/064CJ-0900005

Tonohata umeboshi product carbon offset project ((3) gift materials Iwaso Natural)[Tonohata Co. Ltd.]


2009/08/064CJ-0900004

Tonohata umeboshi product carbon offset project ((2) gift materials for high qualityplums)[Tonohata Co., Ltd.]


2009/08/064CJ-0900003

Tonohata umeboshi product carbon offset project ((1) super materials for Kishuproduced high quality plums)[Tonohata Co., Ltd.]


2009/07/244CJ-0900002

Carbon offsets for “green image in karuizawa”[Frontage Inc.]


2009/07/244CJ-0900001

Carbon offsets for Kawnet catalog set (Catalog No. 18, Furniture Catalog (No. 6), WithKaunet Autumn-Winter 2009 Catalog, Autumn-Winter 2009 With Kaunet FurnitureCatalog)[Kaunet Co., Ltd.]


2009/07/244CJ-0900000

Carbon offsets for commuting activities of Lumine (some stores) (third party certificationtrial project for carbon offset activities in Japan)[Lumine Co., Ltd.]

I-3 [Personal Activities.]2009/07/24-TrialBusiness

J-VER

Appendix 3: List of Carbon Neutral Certified Projects(As of the end of February, 2013)

Certified DateCertified No.

Name of Project/Detailed Information[Certificate Holder]

Effective Period Credit Type

2012/03/23CN002-02

Achieved carbon neutral for business operation (electricity, paper, travel, etc.)[Recycle One Inc.]

2010.6-2011.5CERJ-VER

Note: Those certified before June11, 2012 are projects certified under the Carbon Neutral Certification Scheme.

Appendix 4: List of Carbon Neutral Plan Registered Projects(As of the end of February 2013)

Reg. DatePlan Reg. No.

Name of Project/Detailed Information[Registered by]

Period PlannedProject Period(Achieve by)

Credit Type

2013.1.24P005-01

Aim at carbon neutral for scope 1, 2 and part of scope 3 (sales activities, businesstrips, employee commuting)

[Tsuda Construction Co. Ltd.]2012.12.15-H26.6.30 2013.3.1-2014.2.28

J-VERDomesticcredits

2012.3.23P004-01

Aim at carbon neutral by making emission reduction efforts through less use oftrucks for shipping and by offsetting the remaining carbon using J-VER, usingservice centers in Tokyo, Kyoto, and Hakata areas as models.[Sagawa Express Co. Ltd.]

2012.3.21-2013.9.20 2012.3.21-2013.3.20 J-VER

Appendix

69

2012.2.24P003-01

Targeted emission reduction will include CO2 from offices and scope 3 emissions(transportation of products, employee commuting, etc.)

[Fuji Television Network Inc.]2012.2.29-2013.9.30 2012.4.1-2013.3.31

Plan to use:J-VER,Domesticcredits,CER

2012.2.24P002-01

Aim at carbon neutral of business activities: scope 1 and 2. For scope 3, treatment ofwste from business activities upstream, sales activities, business travels, employeecommuting, etc. are to be included.[Recycle One Inc.]

2011.6.1-2012.11.30 2011.6.1-2012.5CERJ-VER

2012.2.24P001-01

Aim at carbon neutral targeting at energy, water and paper use at offices,transportation of certificates, travel of employees (commuting, business trip,transferring, etc.), waste treatment, etc.[Nippon Koa Insurance Co. Ltd.]

2012.2.24-2013.8.31 2012.4.1-2013.3.31Plan to use:Kyoto units,J-VER

Note: Those certified before June11, 2012 are projects certified under the Carbon Neutral

Certification Scheme.

Voluntary Carbon Offset in Japan 2012

Issued on: March 29, 2013

Compiled by:

Office of Market Mechanisms, Climate Change Policy Division,

Global Environment Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

TEL: 81-3-3581-3351 Direct: 81-3-5521-8246

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