Volume No. 40 | Issue No. 2 | May · PDF fileby Sahil Sholla, Roohie Naaz and Mohammad Ahsan...

CSI Communications | May 2016 | 1

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S M A R T C I T I E S

Cover StoryQuenching the Thirst of Jhelum: Internet of Things Based Smart City Perspective 8

Cover StorySmart City- Travelling Beyond Technology 22

Technical TrendsIoV – Internet of Vehicles 30

Article From E-Governance to D–Governance 32

Practitioner WorkbenchApache OpenNLP 37

Volume No. 40 | Issue No. 2 | May 2016

CSI Communications | May 2016 | 2 www.csi-india.org

K n o w Y o u r C S I

Important Contact Details »For queries, correspondence regarding Membership, contact [email protected]

CSI Headquarter :Samruddhi Venture Park, Unit No. 3, 4th Floor, MIDC, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400093Maharashtra, IndiaPhone : 91-22-29261700 Fax : 91-22-28302133 Email : [email protected]

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CSI Registered Office : 302, Archana Arcade, 10-3-190, St. Johns Road, Secunderabad-500025, Telengana, India Phone : 040-27821998

an individual.

2 are friends.

3 is company.

more than 3 makes a society. The arrangement of these elements makes the letter 'C' connoting 'Computer Society of India'.

the space inside the letter 'C' connotes an arrow - the feeding-in of information or receiving information from a computer.

Executive Committee (2016-17/18) »President Vice-President Hon. SecretaryDr. Anirban Basu Mr. Sanjay Mohapatra Prof. A K. Nayak309, Ansal Forte, 16/2A, D/204, Kanan Tower, Indian Institute of BusinessRupena Agrahara, Bangalore Patia Square, Bhubaneswar Management, Budh Marg, PatnaEmail : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected]

Hon. Treasurer Immd. Past PresidentMr. R. K. Vyas Prof. Bipin V. Mehta70, Sanskrit Nagar Society, Director, School of Computer Plot No-3, Sector -14, Rohini, Delhi Studies, Ahmedabad University, AhmedabadEmail : [email protected] Email : [email protected]

Nomination Committee (2016-2017)

Chairman Dr. Santosh Kumar Yadav Mr. Sushant RathMr. Ved Parkash Goel New Delhi SAIl, RanchiDRDO, Delhi

Regional Vice-PresidentsRegion - I Region - II Region - III Mr. Shiv Kumar Mr. Devaprasanna Sinha Dr. Vipin Tyagi National Informatics Centre 73B, Ekdalia Road, Jaypee University of Ministry of Comm. & IT, New Delhi Kolkata Email : [email protected] Engineering and Technology, Guna - MP Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] - IV Region - V Region - VIMr. Hari Shankar Mishra Mr. Raju L. Kanchibhotla Dr. Shirish S. Sane Doranda, Ranchi, Jharkhand Shramik Nagar, Moulali, Vice-Principal, K K Wagh Email : [email protected] Hyderabad, India Institute of Engg Education Email : [email protected] & Research,Nashik, Email : [email protected] - VIIDr. K. Govinda VIT University, Vellore Email : [email protected]

Division ChairpersonsDivision-I : Hardware Division-II : Software Division-III : ApplicationsProf. M. N. Hoda Prof. P Kalyanaraman Mr. Ravikiran MankikarDirector, BVICAM, Rohtak Road, VIT University, Vellore Jer Villa, 3rd Road,TPS 3, SantacruzNew Delhi, Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] East Mumbai, Email : [email protected]

Division-IV : Communications Division-V : Education and ResearchDr. Durgesh Kumar Mishra Dr. Suresh C. Satapathy Prof. (CSE) & Director-MIC ANITS, Vishakhapatnam SAIT, Indore Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected]


ContentsVolume No. 40 • Issue No. 2 • May 2016

CSI Communications

Please note:CSI Communications is published by Computer Society of India, a non-profit organization. Views and opinions expressed in the CSI Communications are those of individual authors, contributors and advertisers and they may differ from policies and official statements of CSI. These should not be construed as legal or professional advice. The CSI, the publisher, the editors and the contributors are not responsible for any decisions taken by readers on the basis of these views and opinions.Although every care is being taken to ensure genuineness of the writings in this publication, CSI Communications does not attest to the originality of the respective authors’ content. © 2012 CSI. All rights reserved.Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for non-commercial classroom use without fee. For any other copying, reprint or republication, permission must be obtained in writing from the Society. Copying for other than personal use or internal reference, or of articles or columns not owned by the Society without explicit permission of the Society or the copyright owner is strictly prohibited.

Printed and Published by Mr. Sanjay Mohapatra on Behalf of Computer Soceity of India, Printed at G.P.Offset Pvt ltd. Unit-81, Plot-14, Marol Co-Op. Industrial Estate, off Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (East), Mumbai 400059 and Published from Computer Society of India, Samruddhi Venture Park, Unit-3, 4th Floor, Marol Industrial Area, Andheri (East), Mumbai 400093. Tel. : 022-2926 1700 • Fax : 022-2830 2133 • Email : [email protected] Chief Editor: Dr. A. K. Nayak

Chief EditorDr. A. K. Nayak

EditorDr. Vipin Tyagi

Published byMr. Sanjay MohapatraFor Computer Society of India

Design, Print and Dispatch byCyberMedia Services limited

P L U SCSI@50 7

Brain Teaser 39

CSI Reports 40

Student Branches News 45

Cover Story8 Quenching the Thirst of Jhelum: Internet of Things Based Smart City Perspective

by Sahil Sholla, Roohie Naaz and Mohammad Ahsan Chishti11 Smart Cities – Absolute Must for Smart Times

by Sanjay Bhatia14 Smart Cities – An Imperative, Not an Option

by K. V. N. Rajesh and K. V. N. Ramesh18 Overview of Smart City Concept

by S. N. Kakarwal and V. A. Losarwar20 Smart City: A Proposed System

by S. M. Chaware22 Smart City- Travelling Beyond Technology

by S. Arunachalam25 Make India 2025: Smart Cities

by M. Lilly Florence and D. Swamydoss27 Smart City: A Step towards Sustainable Development

by Pooja Vinod Janse and Ratnadeep R. Deshmukh

Technical Trends30 IoV – Internet of Vehicles

by Aashish A. Gadgil, Kavya Nilajkar, Ravindra Patil, Rakesh Gowda and Vishwanath Hotti

Articles32 From E-Governance to D–Governance

by Sachin Kumar, Ram Pal Singh and Saibal K. Pal35 Educational Applications of Natural Language Processing

by A. Chitra and G. Anupriya

Practitioner Workbench37 Apache OpenNLP

by A. Bharanidharan

Complaints of non-receipt of CSIC may be communicated to Mr. Ashish Pawar, 022-29261724, [email protected], indicating name, membership no, validity of membership (other than life members), complete postal address with pin code and contact no.


E d I t o r I a l

Dr. Vipin Tyagi, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna - MP, [email protected]

Dear Fellow CSI Members,

Smart City is a city that uses smart solutions to provide a clean and sustainable environment to convert the life of a common man into a quality life. A Smart City ensures safety, security, proper water and electricity supply, efficient public transport system, proper sanitation and solid waste management, robust IT connectivity, energy efficient buildings, e-governance and citizen participation.

In a Smart City, digital technologies help in getting optimum resource usage, better public services while maintaining sustainable development. Government of India has launched Smart City mission. The aim of this mission is to enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services. The development in this way will improve quality of life with more employment opportunities and enhance income for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, leading to inclusive Cities.

Keeping in mind the importance of Smart Cities in today’s context, the publication committee of Computer Society of India, selected the theme of CSI Communications (The Knowledge Digest for IT Community) May 2016 issue as “Smart Cities”.

The first cover story of the issue “Quenching the Thirst of Jhelum: Internet of Things Based Smart City Perspective” by S. Sholla, R. Naaz and M. A. Chishti describes problems with Jhelum river and suggested use of IoT in tackling the issues. In next cover story “Smart Cities – Absolute Must for Smart Times”, S. Bhatia has shared his experience in various cities and described the importance of Smart City concept. Cover story “Smart Cities – An Imperative, Not an Option” by K. V. N. Rajesh and K. V. N. Ramesh focuses on the importance of technology solutions to address the challenges related to urbanization. Next “Overview of Smart City Concept” by S. N. Kakarwal and V. A. losarwar explains the importance of Smart Cities. In another cover story “Smart City: A Proposed System”, S. M. Chaware explains about the facilities provided by a Smart City. Next cover story “Make India 2025: Smart Cities” by M. l. Florence and D. Swamydoss gives various aspects of Smart Cities. The last cover story “Smart City: A Step towards Sustainable Development” P. V. Janse and R. R. Deshmukh explains benefits of a Smart City.

In Technical trends, “IoV – Internet of Vehicles” by A. A. Gadgil et al. describes a technique to secure vehicles, auto-transaction at fuel station, toll stations etc. without human intervention.

Article “From E-Governance to D–Governance” by S. Kumar, R. P. Singh and S. K. Pal explains use of data analytics to relieve traffic congestion, monitor public utilities, evaluate and predict crime, follow education trends, and keep tabs on public resources. Next article, “Educational Applications of Natural language Processing”, by A. Chitra and G. Anupriya describes various applications of natural language processing.

We are thankful to Prof. S. Arunachalam for sharing his views on Smart Cities in his article “Smart City- Travelling Beyond Technology”.

This issue also contains Practitioner’s workbench, Crossword, CSI activity reports from divisions, chapters, student branches and Calendar of events.

I am thankful to Prof. A. K. Nayak and Prof. M. N. Hoda for their support in bringing this issue.

I extend my gratitude to the entire ExecCom and Publication Committee for their continuous support in bringing all the issues successfully.

On behalf of publication committee, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all authors and reviewers for their contributions and support to this issue.

I hope this issue will be successful in providing various aspects of use of IT in Smart Cities.

Finally, we look forward to receive the feedback, contribution, criticism, suggestions from our esteemed members and readers at [email protected].

With best wishes,

Dr. Vipin Tyagi

Editor


P r E S I d E n t ’ S M E S S a g E

Dear CSI members,

In view of the large number of CSI Members coming from academics, I have often been asked if CSI is meant to serve primarily the academic community. It is true that our Members from the IT Industry is lesser than that from academics. More convincing is needed to make industry professionals join CSI. But in my experience in CSI, I feel that CSI can serve both the communities and can be an ideal platform for bridging the gap between Industry and Academics. These days, excellent research work on advanced topics is going on in the industry and academics need to understand these concepts. listening to lectures on topics of practical relevance helps a teacher to impart relevant knowledge to the students.

There is a wide gap in the subjects prescribed in the university curriculum and the topics pursued for implementation and research in the industry. CSI with its numerous Chapters and Student Branches should fill this gap. No other organization can afford to do this as much as Computer Society of India as we have members from both the communities and have all along been working on imparting IT education to the masses.

While members of the academic community are interested in attending high quality conferences, presenting their research work in conferences and publishing papers in respectable publications, professionals from the IT Industry have different interests. They not only enjoy networking in different forums but are ready to share their professional expertise with others.

To take advantage of the IT professionals’ desire to share knowledge, Chapters and Student Branches should conduct evening talks/ seminars by industry professionals on a variety of topics. Region-wise list of distinguished speakers have been put up in CSI web site. These events can be organized in the chapter premises or in the premises of different educational institutes or in other convenient locations. Members from the industry, even if they are not members of CSI can be invited to talk as well as to be part of the audience. Slowly they may become CSI Member if they feel that these meetings serve the purpose of knowledge sharing and networking. Organizing meetings in different convenient locations helps in attracting attendees. Attending such knowledge sharing events should be encouraged by management of academic institutions as well as industry.

In the month of April, I had the fortune of inaugurating CSI Amaravati Chapter in Maharashtra, deliver talks in different educational institutions, interact with members of CSI Kochi Chapter, discuss with several industry

professionals etc.. All these have helped me to understand the challenges ahead of us.

We will make CSI grow. For this, we have to be more imaginative in organizing events. We must make CSI a bridge between Industry and Academics to serve entire IT community.

With best wishes,

Dr. Anirban BasuPresident, CSI

Dr. Anirban Basu, Bangalore, [email protected]

4 May, 2016

www.csi-india.orgCSI Communications | May 2016 | 6

V I C E P r E S I d E n t ’ S d E S K

Dear Fellow CSIians,

Greetings !

CSI President Dr. Anirban Basu’s call for “Increasing quality Events with compendium of the papers presented, Involve more Industry professionals’ in the events and Improve the quality and number of CSI publications “ is wonderful and meaningful concept. We, as a Team, will deliver it.

CSI is the largest Information Technology professional society of India and having more than 20000 IT Professionals, 2 lakh student members, more than 550 student branches, 72 chapters all across India.

Our CSI is a premier society and it owes its success to the support of CSIian. It is a significant and productive tradition and I sincerely request all CSI Members to take time to attend their local chapter and nearest student branch activities regularly.

Embrace the tradition ! Celebrate the CSI and its activities !

Therefore, truly hope that, all of you as an Individual Member, Student Member will show your appreciation for the CSI that was created for the purpose of serving excellence for the betterment and promotion of Information Technology.

I had visited CSI Ranchi Chapter on 11th April,2016 and had a fruitful discussion with Fellow of CSI Sri Sanjeev Kumar, Sri H. S. Mishra, RVP-4 and Er. Anup Prasad, Hony. Secretary, CSI Ranchi Chapter. Ranchi Chapter is performing well at Region-4 and planning for lot of activities for this year. Thanks to the Management of Ranchi Chapter for growth of CSI at Jharkhand.

To prospective and interested members reading this please note that we welcome newcomers. Contact us and come visit us at www.csi-india.org.

I would like to appeal our members to share valuable ideas for growth governance of CSI at <[email protected]>

With kind regards

Sanjay Mohapatra

Vice President, CSI

Mr. Sanjay Mohapatra, Bhubaneswar, [email protected]


C S I @ 5 0

We have just completed our Golden Jubilee year. It is obvious that we should continue to celebrate this event through some form of reminiscences, at least through this forum of communication. I am sure that these writings will not have any monotonous effect. On the contrary, I believe, these will allow us to “look behind” and trace back to recall the genesis of various mission and events in our journey to “looking ahead”. I have seen and also read the Newsletters regularly since 1978.But I must admit that, over the last ten or fifteen years or more, I have not read all the stuff published in the CSI Communications possibly because of the pressures or priorities exercised elsewhere that are usually found more these days in our nextgen IT Professionals. This is not unusual.But, from time to time, I do recommend the entire magazine or some relevant articles to many students who undertake their project works and/or in the habit of writing some overview of articles, expository articles in partial fulfillment of their degrees/diplomas in IT/Computer Science & Engineering, and thereby increase the readership and also sustaining their interests in reading computer-related articles and topics of general interest. This is another source of information, apart from various internet sites, blogs etc. and other newsmagazines. They also reproduce it in some other texts to practise and publicise the information with or without quotes, even sometimes not acknowledging through conventional accepted styles. I remember the CSI Communications with less pages edited brilliantly by Professor S Ramani, not too much, not too less. News of CSI events are also used to feature in those pages.I always believe that CSI Communications should publish and continue to publish more news on events, sometimes, even it may irksome to few younger/senior fellows/ members. Newer generations must be apprised not only of the activities of CSI throughout the country but also about their participation in all forms. Members, in general, should think about their far-reaching implications. During the last fifty years, we have lost many members but we do recognize their contributions. Many old members are not participating in CSI day-to-day activities, even not updating themselves, like their activities in office or home, but do like to share the concerns on various scores. Calcutta Mathematical Society, to my knowledge, is the first academic society founded in 1908 in the then Calcutta with its President Sir Asutosh Mookerjee, the then Vice- Chancellor of University of Calcutta. Since inception, it has published a research journal named “Bulletin of Calcutta Mathematical Society” containing research journals, not only in English, but also in German, by great researchers. It hardly contained news on activities of the Society. I have seen in some other old issues of Science & Culture, way back in 1935, activities of the Society being published under the aegis of Indian Science News Association. ‘Science & Culture’ continues to publish primarily various news and their updates on science. Indian Science Congress Association also publishes “Everyman’s Science” with the same objective. later, to publish the activities, news of Calcutta Mathematical Society, separate News Bulletin with different names, has been started, where articles, news are published. It has published the life sketches of many great mathematicians like Pythagoras and Ramanujan. Contributors have taken the liberty to publish their contents from different sources in attempting to generate awareness and enthusiasm amongst the budding mathematicians. In Physics, Chemistry and other disciplines as well, societies have also come up along with different publications. I remember that Journal of Computer Society of India used to publish, though not regularly, twice in a year. I know many contributors who published their research papers, which were included in their PhD theses. Now we have CSI Journal of Computing.Our motto should be not only to increase their circulation only and with limited readership, but to extend the same to a wide range of clienteles, primarily in view of wide diversity of disciplines and interests that exist now on various scores. The write -ups published in CSI Communications, even on a theme basis, need not to be necessarily original. But it must be ensured that these must be worth reading and should, in no way, be substandard. I think, on an all India basis, an exercise/study may be initiated for identifying effective readership. So is true for Chapter Newsletters, I did engage myself, from time to time, to this for many years in different capacities and I have been an witness to its mixed reactions. I take this opportunity to all members to contribute and experiment to improve CSI Communications.It was decided in late 1978 that the erstwhile Newsletter would be replaced with a new monthly publication called “CSI Communications”. The first Volume 1, No 1 came in September 1978 under the editorship of Mr S Venkatesh. In October 1978, we could see the news in the People Section ;” The FIRST PRIZE of the Norbert Weiner Awards for 1977 has been awarded to Professor Dwijesh Dutta Majumdar, 44, Head of Electronics & Communications Sciences Dept, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta …..” In that issue, we found an article entitled “Software Requirements for Railways” by K T Mirchandani, Member, Railway Freight Structure Committee. In November 1978, Volume 1, No. 3, we find three important articles/writeups, even worth for reading/enjoying today : 1 Software Appraisal of Small Computers by Gabriel Berger, Gabriel Berger Associates Pty. ltd. 2 The Role of An Independent National Support Organisation in Developing Computer Industry – Talk given by Dr P P Gupta at SEARCC, 78, Manila, 4-8th September, 1978 and 3 Reports on a Visit to Four Academy of Science Research Computer Centres in the USSR by Prof. R Narasimhan. It is needless to mention here that both Dr Gupta and Prof. Narasimhan are Past Presidents of the Computer Society of India. A. These are not just quick glances. Their contributions are many and varied. The main purpose of this write-up is to show that the quite a substantial number of articles published in CSI Communications in yesteryears has paved the way to form the computer history in general and computer history of India, in particular. I think the time has come to develop computer history as a discipline, before the same be introduced in the curricula. The evolution has been rapid. CSI Communications should play a leading role in this direction. I am sure it will create interest to some section of nextgen IT Professionals thereby increasing their involvement in our future activities. It will be befitting if a strong Group is formed to prepare this history on a continuing basis, through writings, oral history and using today’s IOT. This have been enunciated by Professor K K Aggarwal in the inaugural function of the CSI Golden Jubilee Convention to prepare a Monograph on History of Computers, in general and CSI, in particular. This has been emphasized from time to time, by many other senior members, from different parts of the country.

D. P. Sinha Regional Vice President - Region II

Some Snapshots of Reminiscences about CSI Communications


C o V E r S t o r Y C o V E r S t o r Y

Introduction

If there be paradise on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here: meaning Kashmir! Indeed, Kashmir is known world over

for its scenic beauty and many people throughout the world yearn to visit it at least once in their lifetime! However, due to environmental negligence, the paradise is in peril.

The primary river body that traverse the valley of Kashmir is Jhelum. Commonly known as ‘Vyeth’ in Kashmiri language, it originates from a spring at Verinag, which is at the foot of Pir-Panjal mountain range in the south-eastern part of Kashmir Valley. It flows through a long stretch of 185 km across the valley and then passing through Baramulla and Uri finally enters into Pakistan. The river passes through the heritage city of Srinagar with habitations along the banks of the river on both sides. The nine bridges over the river, which were built years ago, serve as hot spots of tourism in this historic city. Many hydro power projects which generate electricity are constructed on this river e.g. Kishenganga, Uri etc. Eulogised for its beauty and a vital source of hydropower and irrigation, the Jhelum plays a significant role in the socio-economic fabric of the Kashmir valley in northern India. In order to preserve

the beauty of this river it is of utmost importance to take effective measures for restoring its pristine glory.

Jhelum has historically been the fountain of life for areas surrounding it but people are guilty of feeding it with poison. The river that quenched thirst of millions over centuries is now dying due to indifference of the very people it nourished. Rapid urbanization facilitated by technological advances has made people indifferent to nature but technology if used properly could address the pressing issues of environmental degradation. There is an urgent need to preserve the natural environment of river Jhelum from pollution and encroachment. A new approach to networking called Internet of Things (IoT) could actually provide plausible means to quench the thirst of Jhelum.

Networking technology has evolved from connecting computers using internet, to connecting mobile phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) and various gadgets that have some communication ability. This novel approach in networking to connect virtually all things due to the advent of low cost sensor and communication technologies is known as Internet of Things. All things of everyday use like house hold appliances, machines, vehicles, buildings

etc. could be embedded with sensors along with necessary communication capability to realise the vision of Internet of things. Such technology holds immense potential to revolutionise many aspects of human life like healthcare, transportation, agriculture, industry, building and environmental monitoring - land, air and water. This all-encompassing change is poised to revolutionise our cities into what are known as smart cities.

For environmental monitoring Internet of things uses a large number of embedded sensors to monitor parameters of interest in real time, perform aggregation and processing of such data to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of environmental health and guide possible remedial measures. Given the capability of IoT to facilitate environmental monitoring, it could be effectively used to monitor and control pollution of river Jhelum. Smart city vision driven by IoT could also pave the way in addressing other key concerns like dredging and flood alert.

PollutionRapid urbanisation, increased vehicular traffic, direct or indirect dumping of solid and liquid waste, unabated use of fertilizers and pesticides particularly in last few decades has lead to the choking of river Jhelum. The concentration of various parameters like conductivity, pH, chlorides, nitrates and free CO2 have passed the permissible limits prescribed by WHO[1].

Sensors monitoring various chemicals in water could be embedded on the banks of Jhelum or the river bed to provide real time monitoring of the river. The data from the sensors could be relayed to nearby sink possessing more computational resources for the aggregation of data. The data from various sensors could then be processed on the cloud using data mining to reveal valuable information about various pollution parameters like which areas of the river are more severely affected, trends of

Quenching the Thirst of Jhelum: Internet of Things Based Smart City Perspective

Sahil ShollaResearch Scholar, Dept. of CSE,

National Institute of Technology, Srinagar

Roohie NaazProfessor, Dept. of CSE,


Mohammad Ahsan ChishtiAsst. Prof., Dept. of CSE,


Fig. 1: River Jhelum in Srinagar


pollution over the years, percentage of various foreign bodies in the water etc. This would provide valuable insight into the health of Jhelum in real time possibly using a mobile application.

Appropriate surveillance mechanisms could also be used to address the plague of massive encroachments along the banks of Jhelum and take punitive action against the offender. Apart from monitoring pollution, IoT paradigm could also be used to actuate appropriate procedures to prevent and control pollution. For example, spraying of necessary chemicals could be triggered if a particular impurity crosses a recommended threshold. If the smart city paradigm is fully adopted for Srinagar city, various pollutants could be traced for their place of origin, person responsible for violation and necessary disciplinary action against the offender could also be executed.

DredgingMassive soil erosion caused due to the rapid deforestation has only exacerbated the situation due to accumulation of silt in the river beds to such an extent that it has drastically reduced the carrying capacity of Jhelum. IoT vision could help alleviate this problem by using sensors embedded in the river bed or along the banks to monitor depth of the river bed at key locations. If particular threshold is reached, appropriate warning messages could be relayed to authorities to take necessary action. Suitable infrastructure

could also be installed at strategic points so that necessary dredging measures are actuated with minimum human intervention via device to device communication. Such measures would ensure sufficient carrying capacity of Jhelum to prevent surrounding areas from submerging and subsequent loss to human life and property in the event of increased water level.

Flood AlertFlood management is one of the most challenging aspects once the water level has crossed the danger mark. The devastation caused by September 2014 floods must serve as an eye opener

not only for the administration but for common citizens also. Even when necessary measures are taken against pollution and encroachment, there could still be instances when flood occurs.

Table 1 shows key locations designated by Irrigation and Flood Control department for sounding flood alerts and respective water level threshold that indicates threat level[4]. Using the IoT paradigm sensors could be placed throughout the stretch of Jhelum for monitoring water level particularly at pivotal locations like Sangam in South Kashmir, Ram Munshibagh in Srinagar and Asham in North Kashmir.

When water crosses the threshold, alerts could be broadcast to warn the management and local population about possible flood eventuality so that evacuation procedures are initiated and preventive measures taken. Evacuation maps, procedures, precautions and self-help steps could be displayed in public advertisement boards or smart devices like smart phones, smart watches, smart TVs in the vicinity of looming flood situation to facilitate evacuation.

Key backbone nodes could be identified in each city at strategic locations so that even in case of breakdown of normal communication channels, communication among them is ensured using more robust links like wireless communication. Disaster management procedures like dumping of construction material to increase bund height, self healing of bund and diversion of water in case of flood could also be actuated using device to device communication with minimum human involvement.

Fig. 2: Polluted Jhelum[2]

Fig. 3: Dredging work in progress along river Jhelum[3]

C o V E r S t o r Y


A smart city may not be able to prevent a flood when it actually occurs but by keeping authorities and people informed about the situation in real time, loss to life and property can be minimized.

ConclusionRiver Jhelum represents the lifeline of Srinagar city due to its importance for city’s transportation, irrigation, tourism, ecology

and environment. However, in the past few decades, the river has greatly suffered due to lack of attention from administration and common people. Pollution of the river has lead to destroying natural environment, causing damage to its flora and fauna and decreased capacity of Jhelum to hold water that could lead to floods during times of increased water level. In this article, we have

proposed using the smart city paradigm driven by IoT to address issues of pollution, dredging and flood control in order to alleviate the problems of river Jhelum.

An array of sensors would be used across the stretch of Jhelum to monitor parameters of interest, perform data analytics to provide valuable insight into the environmental dynamics of river Jhelum and steer potential remedial methods. Sensors measuring various water quality parameters in real time would keep municipal authorities updated anywhere in the world to ensure pollution free Jhelum. Information gathered by sensors measuring depth of river bed could help authorities decide on the need of dredging or necessary procedures could also be actuated without human intervention. Flood alert mechanisms were also suggested to facilitate evacuation and minimize loss to life and property. By recourse to such measures we hope to restore the pristine glory of river Jhelum.

References[1] M Y Khan, Mir Shabeer et al.,

“Physico-Chemical Analysis of River Jhelum (Kashmir)”, Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Interdisciplinary Vol 12 Issue 1, May 2012.

[2] http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/srinagar/srinagar-rising-pollution-river-jhelum-giving- tough-time-maisuma-residents-89053

[3] http:// www.greaterkashmir.com/cms/gal l_content /2016/2/2016_2$largeimg209_ Feb_2016_ 231228400.jpg

[4] http://ifckashmir.com/index.htmn

Fig. 4: Jhelum submerged banks

SiteGauge level (ft)

Flood Alarm Flood Declaration Danger level

Sangam (Anantnag) 18 21 23

Ram Munshibagh (Srinagar) 16 18 19

Asham (Bandipora) 13 14 15

Mr. Sahil Sholla is pursuing his Ph.D. at the Dept. of CSE, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India. His research focuses on 5G mobile and wireless communication, Internet of Things and security. He can be reached at: [email protected].

Dr. Roohie Naaz Mir is a Professor in the Dept. of CSE at NIT Srinagar, India. She is a Fellow of IEI and IETE India. She is the author of many scientific publications in international journals and conferences. Her current research interests include reconfigurable computing and architecture, mobile and pervasive computing, security and routing in wireless adhoc and sensor networks.

Dr. Mohammad Ahsan Chishti [CSI - I1501576] is working as Assistant Professor and Head of the Dept. of CSE, NIT Srinagar. He has more than 50 research publications to his credit and 8 patents with two granted International Patents. He has been awarded “IEI Young Engineers Award 2015-2016” in the field of Computer Engineering and “Young Scientist Award 2009-2010” from Department of Science & Technology, Government of J&K.

About the Authors

Table 1: Key locations for flood threat along river Jhelum

C o V E r S t o r Y


C o V E r S t o r Y

Introduction to SMART City

The topic of Smart cities have no defined limits….while the Wikipedia definition of smart city

is “A smart city is an urban development vision to integrate multiple information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in a secure fashion to manage a city’s assets – the city’s assets include,

but not limited to, local departments information systems, schools, libraries, transportation systems, hospitals, power plants, water supply networks, waste management, law enforcement, and other community services”

And though I agree with every single word of it, I will still not be limited by the definition. However, I agree 110% with

Wikipedia’s next line on the Smart City link – “The goal of building a smart city is to improve quality of life by using technology to improve the efficiency of services and meet residents’ needs”.

“Using Technology to improve the efficiency of services” is why I am writing this article and why CSI is probably publishing it and you are reading it.

SMART City in Time of Crisis – Real Life ExampleSmart cities makes its citizens smart by giving them information and making them feel involved in governance…..Just day before yesterday (18 April 2016 ) I realized what I smart city of Houston I am living in where an extremely bad natural calamity of historical high rains was handled with best governance. The fact that I was able to travel 80 miles and work in office on this day proves beyond doubt what role smart city can play….I later came to know that city received average 14 inches of water in 24 hours which translates into about 240 billion gallons of rain in a day….That water is good enough to keep Niagara Falls flowing for 88 hours…About 3150 tons of water flows over Niagara Falls every second. Just imagine how much amount of water needs to be managed in a city in one day!!

Sample this I know 2 days in advance of 18 April that a historically high rain and thunderstorm is expected…so shut down the lawn sprinkler system…on 18th April morning I woke up at 6.15 am and get a voice message from my son’s middle school abt school closure so do not wake my son up….check

Smart Cities – Absolute Must for Smart TimesSanjay Bhatia

SAP Solution Architect, Houston USA

Changing Times - I heard long back that “Change is the only constant thing in life”. In smart times of smart generations, I beg to slightly differ and modify the old classical proverb to “lightening Change is the only constant thing in life”. SMART cities are way to go to support smart people survive in lightening changes…There have been extremely important world changing historical moments in history of modern times. But in my humble opinion, world history can be largely divided into 2 eras – Pre June 29, 2007 and post June 29, 2007. That is because on this day Apple launched iPhone – The “SMART” phone and in one stroke of genius, Steve Jobs changed the world and made it SMART. He empowered the smartest and dumbest person on earth with all the information in the world they need in their day to day life and make smart decision – all in their palms and on their fingertips…literally!!Check photo in Fig. 1....The election of Pope in 2005 and 2013……Pictures are million times more powerful than words….smart times are here to stay.

Fig. 1: Photo that went viral as tweeted by NBC News


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my email and see email from daughter’s pre KG school about her school closed too…..I check weather.com and see it with red marks (danger messages) all over the maps, telling me that disaster has stuck as expected…..it gives me area wise report on where flooding currently is, what’s in store for next 18 hours and which roads to avoid….I go to metro website (whose bus service I use daily to commute to work) and it tells me no bus or train service available till further notice and advices me to stay indoors…..I open my office email and the admin head had sent email to all employees about situation near office location and advices to use individual discretion in deciding to come to office….lastly I go on city traffic website and monitor about 25 live cameras on each intersection of the freeway I generally take to commute to work…(See Fig. 2 - of Houston traffic website “HoustonTranstar.org” with real time web cams). Each real time live camera shows me flooding and very light traffic on the road (see Fig. 3 – what I can see by clicking on a camera)….so within about 7 mins and few clicks after I wake up, I am equipped with all the information I need to decide if I should go to office or stay home. I decide to stay home and watch the situation after couple of hours.

The beauty is that the smart city infrastructure and basic facilities like water supply, power, internet, Wi-Fi and cell phone network is not even down for 1 second…….even though more than

10 news channels on TV show live coverage, I don’t need to watch it as I do not want to be “Biased” by other’s evaluation of the situation.

Well at 9 am I am back to these websites/apps and check the situation….Warnings are less severe now since very little rain in last 2 hours, flooding coming under control and freeways are

more commutable now…Weather.com now showing a slight improvement and forecast of light or no rain so it’s not that risky anymore…I check the live webcams on my route and it shows me 80% intersections clear now…

So again I am equipped with latest and greatest information and decide to go to office as I have some very important work to attend to. I get onto freeway in my car (since buses still not running so decide to drive myself) and electronic boards flashing with message about flood on an intersection about 35 miles ahead of me and possible de tours I could take….and it gives me about 25 mins to think and decide my de tour while I am driving to work. By the time I reach flooded intersection, I already have a clear plan in my head and it just take 3 extra minutes to take detour and reach my office in about 30 mins.

Spending next 8 hours in office attending to my important work, I just glance through situation every 2 hours and relieved to see situation improving every passing minute…In the meantime family is fully aware and informed about my safe travel and reach in office through smart phone apps, I follow the same pattern in evening while returning home and reach home safely.

Fig. 2: Houston Tran star website showing each route traffic condition live with number of cameras installed over roads

Fig. 3: Showing the live traffic road condition by just clicking on the camera on the website…in either direction

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Wow…I navigated probably the worst weather day of my life without even a slightest disturbance and attended to my important work without any issue…..All “Thanks” to Smart City infrastructure, alert government and the knowledge of where to look….

Importance of ICT ICT (Information and Communication Technology) played the key role in the whole smart city management. ICT allows city officials to interact directly with the community and the city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city, how the city is evolving, and how to enable a better quality of life. Through the use of sensors integrated with real-time monitoring systems, data are collected from citizens and devices - then processed and analyzed. The information and knowledge gathered are keys to tackling inefficiency. While ICT can be an enabler on a normal day, its smart use and real time coordination can prove to be lifesaving, as in above example.

What better return can you expect from your tax payments to the government, than saving precious lives of its citizens and help them live their daily life without a single trouble on the worst disaster day?

SMART City Example in Daily Life I lived in Singapore for about 1.5 years between 2010-2012 and benefited immensely from its heavy investment in IT towards making it a smart city. Singapore is a small country with high population and moves on public transport system. I used a metro bus service there which offered real time tracking of Bus numbers you use for travel. So the bus stop is about 2 mins walk from my home and I have an app installed on my smart phone which gives me alert of an upcoming bus (which I take to work) 4 mins in advance during my normal commute time (between 7.30 to 8 am). So I leave home when I know the bus is coming rather than going without

information and waiting at the bus stand.

Definition of SMARTI read somewhere the full form of

SMART is• S – Specific• M – Measurable• A – Achievable• R – Realistic• T – Time Bound

So SMART CITY should use information technologies (and all possible technologies integrated real time with each other) to:

1. Make more efficient use of physical infrastructure through artificial intelligence and data analytics to support a strong and healthy economic, social, cultural and community development.

2. Engage effectively with local people in local governance and decision by use of open innovation, e-participation and e-Governance improving the collective intelligence of the city’s institutions and law enforcing agencies with emphasis placed on citizen participation and private participation.

3. learn, adapt and innovate and thereby respond more effectively and promptly to changing circumstances, natural calamities and crisis times by improving the intelligence of the city.

Smart City Mission in India I think, looking at the benefits and role of smart city, Modi government in India has rightly focused its effort on building smart cities and have launched “Smart City Mission”. I am very upbeat on reading that 100 cities have been identified already including my home town near Mumbai and the work is started already towards making them Smart City. India, with its huge population, cultural diversity and ever changing weather needs smart cities more than any other country in the world. 100 smart cities would easily bring

crores of Indian citizens under smart and transparent e-Governance and improve their life style tremendously. This in turn shall help to poverty alleviation, better disaster management and improve infrastructure in those cities and bring prosperity to the masses.

I have personally travelled to more than 100 cities all over the world in about 14 countries in last 15 years…for professional work, leisure and tourism etc. Travels include work in small city of lacombe in Canada with a population of little under 13000 people in 18.24 sq km area and hard winter (temp going to -45 degrees) and population density of just about 588 people/sq km, to living in Mumbai for 30+ years where 1.25 crore people live in about 400+ sq km with population density of 21000 people/sq km. Each city has its own characteristics, priorities and focus areas. However one common thread between all the cities is the ever increasing use of information technologies to improve the lives of its citizens and conscious efforts of the city governments to be more friendly, people oriented and transparent.

It’s only a matter of time that Smart cities shall become a way of life all over the world and people will be more empowered with information, better governed and encouraged to participate in day to day running of the cities.

References [1] https://en.wikipedia .org /wiki/

Smart_city[2] https://en.wikipedia .org /wiki/

Mumbai[3] https://en.wikipedia .org /wiki/

lacombe,_Alberta[4] www.weather.com[5] www.ridemetro.org[6] https://traffic.houstontranstar.org/

layers/[7] https://en.wikipedia .org /wiki/

Smart_Cities_Missionn

Mr. Sanjay Bhatia is a SAP Solution Architect working in Houston USA. He has worked in many countries (USA, Canada, Singapore, India, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Vietnam) for past 12 years and advised many global clients on ERP implementation for their Real Estate Portfolio. Sanjay has personally visited more than 100 cities across the countries. He has spoken in 3 SAP International Conferences as “Thought Leader Speaker”, the last one was SAP Oil & Gas Best Practice Conference in Houston in Sept2015 where former US President George W Bush was the keynote speaker. Sanjay has co invented 4 SAP Apps and hold joint copyright on 2 of them. He has been awarded with appreciation certificates from some global clients who benefited from his expertise on their portfolio management. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Author



Aristotle, the great 4th century BC Greek philosopher, said in his work of political philosophy

named Politics that a great city is not to be confounded with a populous one and experience shows that a very populous city can rarely, if ever, be well governed. He must have said this based on his knowledge and experience of the Greek city-states like Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes. Various studies place the populations of these cities in the range of fifty thousand to 0.6 million. That is what populous meant at that time. This can be compared with the current eight ‘X’ class cities (with population of 5 million or above) and 88 ‘Y’ class cities (with population between 0.5 million to 50 million) in India as classified by Ministry of Finance. Aristotle commented about the problems with governance of cites even during those times when there were only few cities with low populations as mentioned. We can very well imagine the number and scale of problems associated with the governance and management of large number of current Indian cities with huge populations.

As per a United Nations report, 54 percent (3.9 billion) of world’s population lives in Urban areas and this is expected to increase to 66 percent (6.3 billion) by 2050. As of 2014, there are 28 mega-cities worldwide with a population of ten million or more. As far as India is concerned, the urban population rose from 27.8 percent in 2001 to 31.16 percent in 2011. As per a UN report, India will see the highest urban population rise by 2050. It will grow from current urban population of 410 million to 814 million by 2050. Mahatma Gandhi said that India does not live in its towns but in its villages. The day is not far when India is going to live as much in its towns and cities as in its villages.

The various problems associated with this rapid urbanization are unplanned growth, inadequate infrastructure, transport, traffic, pollution, waste and sewage disposal, increase in crimes, urban flooding. Since this change and the associated problems are inevitable, the

only solution is to accept and manage these problems well and thus convert them into opportunities. The main way to manage the problems associated with urbanization is the usage of various technologies. This is to be done by the way of Smart Cities which will make best use of various technologies for optimal usage and management of the infrastructure to provide good governance, high quality services and clean living environment to the citizens and residents. This paper discusses various aspects related to Smart Cities in detail with specific emphasis on its Indian context.

Evolution of CitiesThe seed for cites was laid when humans evolved from the nomadic mode of living to permanent settlements. This happened when humans moved on from hunting and gathering for a living to agriculture. Agriculture lead to surplus and storable food and afforded humans the flexibility to settle at suitable places. With development of various types of skills and occupations in humans and with the evolution of trade, the first urban settlements started appearing. Jericho near Jordan river in the modern day West bank and Catal Huyuk in the modern day south-central Turkey are considered to the oldest cities. They are Neolithic settlements which date back between 9000 BC to 7000 BC. More complex and advanced settlements/cities came up in Bronze Age by about 3000 BC in Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Egypt and China. Mohenjadaro and Harappa of the Indus Valley Civilization have been estimated by historians to have peak populations between 40000 to 50000 each. As per some studies, the first city to reach a population of 1 million was Rome in Italy between 200 BC to 100 AD itself. Alexandria of Egypt which was founded by Alexander the Great, was another very big city of the ancient times second only to Rome and is said to have population between 0.5 million to 1 million. Ancient India too did have its share of large cities like Varanasi, Madurai, Ujjain and Patna (known as Pataliputra then) which flourish to this day.

After the cities of the ancient period, there was a large growth in cities during the Industrial Revolution in 18th and 19th centuries. With the growth in factories and industries around cities, huge number of unemployed people flocked to the cities for work leading to over-crowded, smoggy and polluted, unsanitary conditions.

The cities continued to grow further in population. City with population more than 10 million is known as Megacity. As on today, there are 34-35 megacities in the world. Majority of them are in Asia and the developing countries. Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata from India figure in this list of mega-cities.

Till recently, the physical infrastructure like roads, and buildings constituted the backbone of the city. Managing the physical infrastructure was mostly manual in nature. But with the growth of very large cities with huge populations, managing them manually is nothing less than chaotic and highly inefficient. In developing and under-developed countries with limited budgets, the cities provide a poor quality of life to its citizens. Great advances in the fields of computers, information technology and communication technology has led to the concept of Smart Cities where the virtual infrastructure is as important as the physical infrastructure in managing and governing the city for providing high quality and sustainable living environment to its citizens. As of now, cities like Barcelona of Spain, Amsterdam of Netherlands, Milton Keynes of United Kingdom and Singapore are making efforts in implementation of Smart City concepts.

Origin and Definition of Smart city ConceptThere are many definitions of what constitutes a Smart City, the common point being the usage of the latest information and communication technologies to make the best usage of available infrastructure and budget to provide very efficient and high quality services to its citizens.

In 1990s and early 2000s, the term Smart city was usually used in context of development of digital infrastructure

Smart Cities – An Imperative, Not an OptionK. V. N. Rajesh

Head, Department of Information Technology, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology,

Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

K. V. N. RameshProject Manager, Tech Mahindra, Visakhapatnam,

Andhra Pradesh, India


and usage of internet and information technology in e-governance initiatives. Many analogous terms like digital city, intelligent city, information city were used to convey similar meaning.

The concept of Smart city is still evolving day by day as more and more applications are being envisaged and developed to make cities more efficient, manageable and livable. We can easily say that Smart city concept is still in its nascent stage. The Smart city ideas as we know now started to evolve in the late 2000s. The Smart City term became more common place ever since the unveiling of IBM’s Smarter Cities initiative (in year 2008) and high profile advertising campaign as a part of its Smarter Planet agenda.

The current meaning of Smart City constitutes usage of integrated technological platform to manage and address following aspects and challenges:

• limited resources and budget• Transport, Traffic and Mobility• Utilities like Water and Electricity• Governance and Administration• Education and Skill development• Health• Crime and Public Safety• Sanitation and Waste disposal and

management• Environment and Pollution• Street lighting• Urban flooding

The aspects and challenges mentioned are just a glimpse and are not limited to above list.

Smart City Architecture/FrameworkIn a smart city, the full gamut of technologies are integrated into a common platform as detailed in the generalized framework/architecture of a Smart City shown in Fig. 1.

1. Physical Infrastructure/Utilities and Other Aspects: This consists of various Physical infrastructure and utilities like Power, Water, Roads, Transport, Vehicle Parking Spaces, Street lighting, Drainage and Environment. This also consists of other aspects related to city like Governance, Waste Management, Education, Healthcare, Public Safety and Pollution. Smart City technology solutions are used to efficiently and optimally manage them.

2. Sensors and Monitoring Devices:

Various Types of Sensors, Cameras, Controllers and Electronic devices are used to monitor and control the Physical Infrastructure/Utilities and other aspects of the City.

3. Telecommunication and Computer Networks: These sensors, monitoring devices and controllers are interconnected as well as connected to technology platform which controls them, using telecommunications and computer networks. Depending on the requirement, the connections among can be done using Wired Networks (telephone networks, fiber-optic communications), Mobile networks (2G, 3G, 4G), Internet, lAN, WAN and Wi-Fi.

4. Technology Platform: This is the heart and brain of the Smart City Framework/Architecture. It consists of the technology infrastructure setup and software to manage and control the infrastructure and various mentioned aspects of Smart City. The technology infrastructure could be a physical setup at the smart city command center/data center consisting of servers, storage devices, Operating Systems, Databases or all this setup could be on the cloud as is the norm

these days. The software part could consist of Data processing and Management, Application Software, Big Data and Analytics, Internet of things, Cloud Computing and Web Services, location technologies like GIS/GPS.

5. Interfaces: This would consist of interfaces for managing and administering the smart city solutions. This would also consist of interfaces for the consumers (i.e., citizens). The interfaces could in form of desktop applications, web portals and mobile applications.

6. Administrators and Consumers: There would be IT teams and managers which would control and administer the various Smart City solutions. City officials would access Business Intelligence and Analytical reports to make various decisions related to the city. The citizens and residents of the city would get information and request various services through various public interfaces provided to them.

Smart City Initiatives in IndiaIndia has not left itself behind in jumping into the Smart Cities Bandwagon. As far back in 2012, Indian urban development ministry announced collaboration with

Fig. 1: Generalized Technology Framework/Architecture of a Smart City

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Austria to develop a model smart city and then push for two smart cities per state as a part of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. There has been a renewed focus on Smart Cities in India since 2014. The central government announced an ambitious Rs.48000 crore Smart Cities project for developing 100 cities. In August 2015, the first list of 98 cities was announced after they were selected through a smart city challenge completion. In January 2016, the first list of 20 cities was announced. The 20 cities which were chosen are Bhubaneswar (Odisha), Pune (Maharashtra), Jaipur (Rajastan), Surat (Gujarat), Kochi (Kerala), Ahmedabad (Gujarat), Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Solapur (Maharashtra), Davangere (Karnataka), Indore (Madhya Pradesh), New Delhi Municipal Corporation, Coimbatore (Tamilnadu), Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh), Belgaum (Karnataka), Udaipur (Rajastan), Guwahati (Assam), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), ludhiana (Punjab), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh). These 20 cities would be the first to receive funds as a part of the Smart Cities Mission. The remaining 40 and 38 cities would be taken up as a part of the Smart City mission over the subsequent two years.

The Smart City implementation in the chosen cities will be done by a Special Purpose Vehicle which will consist of nominees from Central Government, State Government and Urban local Bodies (UlB). Financing would be by the funds from the government of India and matching grants from State Governments/UlBs. The strategy of implementation is City improvement by Retrofitting, City Renewal by Redevelopment, City extension by Green Field development and application of specific Smart Solutions across the city. In addition to various aspects of City Development, one of the main and important features of the Smart City Initiative is the application of Smart Solutions like Electronic Service Delivery, Video Crime Monitoring, Smart Meters and Management for Water and Energy, Smart Parking, Intelligent Traffic Management, Tele-Medicine and Tele-Education.

Other than these central government funded Smart city projects, other Industrial

Projects like Dholera Special Investment Region (Gujarat), Gujarat International Financial Tec (GIFT) City, Electronics City (Bangalore) are being built as or being converted to Smart Cities.

Companies like Microsoft and Cisco and countries like USA, Japan, France and Singapore are already working or have offered assistance and technologies to various Government bodies in the development of Smart Cities in India.

Smart City Initiatives Across the World Juniper Research has ranked Barcelona (Spain), New York (USA), london (United Kingdom), Nice (France) and Singapore as the top five Smart Cities for year 2015. Various parameters which were considered for coming up with these rankings were smart city capabilities like Smart Street lighting, Smart Parking, Smart Traffic management, usage and adoption of technology and engaging the citizens through open Data.

Barcelona which came first in these rankings was named ‘Global Smart City 2015’. Barcelona has implemented a large number of Smart City projects/solutions making it one of the flagship cases of a Smart City. A look at their smart city website provides details of various implemented smart solutions like City OS, New Bus Network, Smart Traffic lights, Barcelona Open Government.

Singapore is the only Asian City to figure in this list of top 5 smart cities. Singapore is a city as well as a nation and is making concentrated efforts under the Smart Nation Initiative which was launched by its prime minister in November, 2014.

Amsterdam (Netherlands) has adopted the Flexible switch system for public lighting as a part of its smart city initiatives thus allowing the municipal authorities to control switches and dimming devices. Across the world, installation of new energy efficient lighting solutions based on lED technology is being taken up as a part of Smart City Initiatives.

Songdo International Business District in South Korea is an entirely new Smart city built from scratch using the best of technologies and eco-friendly best practices. This city has been built as a ubiquitous city with heavy reliance on technology and is serving as a model for other Smart Cities.

Smart City – Market Size and OpportunitiesOne another perspective of looking at the Smart City concept is the opportunity that it provides to the technology Industry. According to Frost and Sullivan, the smart city market is likely to be worth $1.565 trillion by 2020. IBM has been at the forefront of this initiative by starting the Smarter Cities program in 2009 and is now an unquestioned leader in smart city solutions market. Its operations platform called IBM Intelligent Operations Center helps manage city operations and provides operational insights. Cisco with its Internet for Everything (IoE) solutions is another leader in the Smart city solutions market. General Electric is offering solutions in this market through its platform named Intelligent Environment for Cities. Microsoft with its CityNext Initiative provides technology solutions for Smart cities. Oracle has its own Smart City Platform Solution to cater this segment. SAP using its HANA platform as base is providing solutions to improve Urban and City lives. All other leading technology vendors too, have their own solutions to address this Smart city market.

From India, Tech Mahindra is one of the first Indian IT companies to address the Smart city market and has become a thought leader in this segment. In November 2014 itself, Tech Mahindra started working with Milton Keynes City Council and Open University to provided integrated solutions for Smart Cities in UK. Mahindra World City at Jaipur is being showcased as a living Smart City lab for Tech Mahindra Smart City Solutions. TCS is offering smart city solutions using its Intelligent Urban Exchange (IUX) solution in partnership with France-based Gfi Informatique. Infosys is using its Mysore campus as a testbed to explore and create smart city solutions. Wipro has partnered with Schneider Electric to develop convergent solutions for Smart cities in India and global markets.

Smart City – Security ImplicationsIn a Smart city, with various systems related to traffic, power, lighting, water being controlled by digital systems, sensors and IOT, the security vulnerabilities and threats are very real. These systems could be subject

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to hacking and cyber-attacks. As depicted in the Hollywood blockbuster movie “live Free or Die Hard”, a cyber-terrorist attack on various infrastructure systems leading to a smart city crash is a possibility. In the event of a cyber-attack, the whole city could be brought to a standstill or thrown into utter chaos by hackers by taking over control of the Smart city infrastructure. The systems should be sufficiently secured from all such vulnerabilities and thoroughly tested for all such possibilities and be made cyber-safe.

ConclusionRural to Urban migration is an inescapable truth. People will keep on moving to cities for employment, education, healthcare and amenities. In case of India, the urban share of population has steadily risen from 17.3% in 1951 to 31.2% to 2011. At this rate, urban share of population in India will cross 50% by 2050. Without any initiatives and revolutionary changes in the way the cities are managed, we will have more and more crowded cities with poor quality of life. In addition to the physical infrastructure development, making the best use of technology for optimal usage of available resources is the only way to provide efficient services and good quality of life to the citizens. The Advances in the Clouding computing, Big Data, Sensor, IOT, Analytics and Communication technologies are leading to creation of Smart systems for efficiently management of cities. Due to availability of technology solutions to address the challenges related to urbanization, Smart cities are not an option but an imperative.

References [1] h t t p : //e s a . u n .o rg /u n p d /w u p/

Publ icat ions/Fi les/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf

[2] h t t p : // w w w . u n . o r g / e n /d e v e l o p m e n t /d e s a /n e w s /population/world-urbanization-prospects-2014.html

[3] http://www.thehindu.com/news/i n d i a -w i l l - s e e - h i g h e s t- u r b a n -population-rise-in-next-40-years/article3286896.ece

[4] http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf

[5] http://finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_expenditure/notification/hra_citiesclassification/21-07-2015.pdf

[6] http://smartcities.gov.in/ [7] http://securingsmartcities.org/[8] https://www.navigantresearch.

com/research/navigant-research-leaderboard-report-smart-city-suppliers

[9] http://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/frost-sul l ivan-global-smart-cities-market-reach-us156-trillion-2020

[10] http://az370354.vo.msecnd.net/whitepapers/FY16_Microsof t_CityNext_Core_Business_Value_Whitepaper-3.pdf

[11] h t t p : //w w w . o r a c l e . c o m /u s /industries/public-sector/national-local-government/city-platform/index.html

[12] http://www.techmahindra.com/m e d i a /p r e s s _ r e l e a s e s / N e w _partnerships_put_Milton_Keynes_

at_heart_of_400bn_Smart_cities_revolution.aspx

[13] http://www.wireless-mag.com/Features/40288/on-the-road-to-the-smart-city-in-milton-keynes.aspx

[14] http://timesofindia. indiatimes.c o m / t e c h / t e c h - n e w s / T C S -p a r t n e r s - F r e n c h - c o m p a n y -to-offer-smart-c i ty-solut ions/articleshow/49908966.cms

[15] h t t p s : //w w w . i n f o s y s . c o m /newsroom/press-releases/Pages/smart-infrastructure-planning.aspx

[16] http://www.wipro.com/newsroom/p r e s s - r e l e a s e s / W i p r o - a n d -Schneider-Electr ic-Partner-to-Develop-Smart-City-Solutions/

[17] http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/india-austria-tie-up-to-develop-smart-cities/article3959932.ece

[18] http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-first-20-smart-cities-under-smart-cities-mission/article8162775.ece

[19] https://india.gov.in/spotlight/smart-cities-mission-step-towards-smart-india

[20] http://smartcity.bcn.cat/en[21] http://amsterdamsmartcity.com/

projects[22] http://www.pmo.gov.sg/smartnation[23] http://www.juniperresearch.com/

press/press-releases/barcelona-named-global-smart-city-2015

n

Mr. K. V. N. Rajesh [CSI-I503325] is currently the Head of the Department of Information Technology at the institute. He is a member of Computer Society of India. His research interests include Business Intelligence, Location Intelligence and Big Data and he has published papers in the respective areas. He can be reached at [email protected].

Mr. K. V. N. Ramesh is currently working as Project Manager at Tech Mahindra, Visakhapatnam. He has 14 years of experience in IT industry with expertise in the area of Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence. He has worked on UNIX, Oracle, Sybase, Business Objects and OBIEE during these years. He is an Oracle certified professional in Oracle DW and OBIEE. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Authors



Introduction

WHO in 2014 says two third of the world is on the way of rapid urbanization. This urbanization

will contribute to economic, social as well as environmental change in the world. Economic change will lead to prosperity, social and environmental change which in turn takes us to the good health and well being of citizens. Many governments have initiated programs for digital, intelligent cities and smart cities. These three concepts of digital, intelligent and smart cities are interrelated and involve the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Amongst these three the importance of smart city increases as people or citizens of that city and their wellbeing is at the core of this concept.

Smart cities can transform working style and life of the people. All these things can be achieved by involving ideas of people to lead towards a smart city. Smart cities can be seen as a scope for putting together managing resources, way of living life, transportation, administration etc.

“A city performing in a forward-looking way in economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and living, built on the smart combination of endowments and activities of self-decisive independent and aware citizens” – Giffinger (2007) on smart city.

The three important features of the smart city were identified as:

a. Improve economic and political competence to enable social, cultural and urban development using networked infrastructures and ICT

b. Improving businessc. Societal and ecological

balance for social unity and environment friendliness

All these things are possible when intelligent and well managed steps are taken towards achieving the goal. Each and every person, organization,

business, administrative department should be a part of this creativity and to handle the resources intelligently.

Firstly the need of smart city is to have intelligent people who will support innovations and will continue in this process. Secondly, citizens of that city will have to change them for improving quality of life as well as they should be aware of social and ethical responsibilities. Thirdly, lifelong learning for managing natural resources optimally will lead towards human capital development. All these aspects require participation in governance, human resource development, ICT infrastructure growth, improving communication infrastructure and digitally sound environment. Working towards a smart city can be possible by taking steps accordingly. like educating citizens, involving politicians, defining its importance, identify problems and fix them, use cost effective supplies, water management, and efficient transportation.

For a smart city the engagement of citizens' is very important. Their feedbacks and suggestions related to various resources provided to them will help to identify the demand and supply statistics. Citizens' suggestions regarding technology, networking, transportation, and water resources will help improve and plan a smart city in a right way. The planning for handling the problems identified from these surveys need to be studied and worked out according to the geographical, political, and economical condition of the city.

Features of a Smart CityEfforts need to be taken to make citizens digitally sound by providing broadband and Wi-Fi. As the use of information technology will make the process faster.

A smart city should be well equipped with roads for vehicles as well as pedestrians. There should be a provision of separate road for bicycle riders. City should be well connected with bus, rail and air. Transportation facilities within

the city should be timely and frequent. Dedicated public transport facility is the need of the era. If people use their own vehicles to travel in the city, then the fuel consumption will be more, the traffic jams will be increased, pollution will be increased ultimately increasing the living cost of an individual. Obviously, there will be less rainfall and the planet will get heated causing harmful results to human life.

Water management is an important issue in urban development. 100% urban households did not have access to tap water. This condition is to be tackled by proper distribution of water to domestic and industrial users as well as farmers in the nearby area. Water also plays an important role in energy generation where it can be reused. Waste water treatment plant must be installed.

Another important issue is sewage and sanitation where many of the households do not have any drainage facility. The municipality should strive to provide it. Sewage treatment plants need to be installed.

Renewable energy generation is also the need of a smart city to manage energy used. Biogas, liquid bio fuel, solid biomass and sun energy can be an efficient alternative. City energy consumption is to be monitored to get a clear idea of the energy requirement of the city. The energy consumption made by various services like public lights, traffic lightening etc needs to be monitored.

Monitoring traffic congestion using sensors and GPS installed on vehicles. The information produced by the sensors is very useful for maintaining discipline in traffic and to schedule a trip to office or shopping on a planned route.

Noise monitoring can be carried out to measure the noise produced at specific period causing noise pollution. Since noise pollution can cause harm to health of the citizens.

Waste management can be carried out by segregating disposable and non-disposable waste. Efforts need to taken

Overview of Smart City ConceptS. N. Kakarwal

Professor, Dept. of CSE, PES College of Engineering, Aurangabad

V. A. LosarwarAssociate Professor, Dept. of CSE,

PES College of Engineering, Aurangabad


to separate the waste and convert the disposable waste into organic fertilizers which will give economical and ecological benefit.

Health of historical buildings and their maintenance with continuous monitoring can increase the life of these historical monuments. Installation of sensors to sense noise, air pollution, building stress, vibration, and humidity will help retain these monuments.

Parking the vehicles while on the go is creating a nuisance on the streets with

the increased number of vehicles. Smart cities can provide a smart solution to this using the concept of smart parking. Smart parking will provide faster parking location without having to waste more fuel and in turn generate less CO2.

Smart lighting will reduce the wastage of electricity where the public lights are not switched off after their use. The sensors used for smart lighting will sense the day and night and switch the lights on and off.

To achieve the things efficiently

of urban area, existing shortfalls in infrastructure and services are to be tackled and provision has to be made for providing future needs. The financial requirements for improving the cities as well as systematic urban growth and expansions are huge.

lastly as said by Jane Jacobs,“Cities have the capability of

providing something for everybody, only because, and only when they are created by everybody”.

n

Dr. S. N. Kakarwal [CSI - F8000602] is presently working as Professor in Department of Computer Science and Engineering, P.E.S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad, MS-India. She is having 18 years of experience at graduate and postgraduate levels. Her research interests include Image Processing, Pattern Recognition and Artificial Neural Network. She can be reached at [email protected].

Ms. Vijayashri Losarwar [CSI-N1143901] is an Associate Professor in Computer Science & Engineering Department of P. E. S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad. She has published several papers in National and International Conferences.

About the Authors

C o V E r S t o r Y

4th International Conference onInnovations in Computer Science & Engineering (ICICSE-2016)

Organized byGuru Nanak Institutions, Ibrahimpatnam (Hyderabad) in Collaboration with Computer Society of India,

Division IV and Hyderabad Chapter22-23rd July, 2016

Theme: Innovations in Computer Science & Engineering (ICICSE)

The aim of the International Conference on Innovations in Computer Science & Engineering (ICICSE) is to provide an opportunity for researchers, scientists, technocrats, academicians and engineers to exchange their innovative ideas and new research findings in the field of Computer Science & Engineering and related disciplines as on today. The conference will provide an interactive platform for the participants, professionals from the academia and industry. It would facilitate scientific research from academic and scientific institutions, defense and industry segments across India and globe to share their research expertise, experiment breakthroughs or vision/trends in the following broad areas but not limited to: Research and review papers are invited for presentation.

☛ Data Warehousing & Mining, Machine learning and Neural Networks, Human Computer Interaction, Web Technologies, Image Processing, Pervasive Computing, Computer Architecture.

☛ Image Processing, Software Engineering, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing ☛ Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing, Advanced Data Structures & Algorithms ☛ Networks and Information Security, Grid Computing ☛ Pervasive Computing, Distributed Operating Systems ☛ Artificial Intelligence, E-Commerce, Brain Computing, Network on Cheap ☛ Global Information Systems.

Selected papers will be published in the Journal of Computer Science & Engineering being brought out by GNI.Important Dates:

Paper submission: May 21st, 2016 Acceptance notification for papers: May 31st, 2016Final submission-Camera ready paper: June 25th, 2016last date of registration: June 28th, 2016

Website: For details please browse www.icicse2016.orgVenue: Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ibrahimpatnam, HyderabadFor details contact: Dr. H. S. Saini, [email protected], Dr. D. D. Sarma, [email protected]



Introduction

Evolution of mankind has consistently shown an exponential growth in terms of living standard.

In the 21st century, mankind has grown up very rapidly as he can do any work on a tip of finger. In our country, the literate rate is very low i.e. 35% and most of them live in cities. With the evolution of technology and availabilities of infrastructure and skilled mankind in cities, people preferred cities. People are moving from villages, towns to cities very rapidly. Now a-days it is mandatory to make our city as smart city. That is why, our Hon. Prime Minister had announced of transformation of our cities into smart cities. In this movement, everybody should be involved and participate whole heartily.

let us understand the structure and culture of our Indian cities. Most of the job opportunities lie in the cities. That is why educated and talented people attract towards cities. As there is diversification of people with different living standards, professional life and their needs, there is always a wide scope of job employment in the cities. As population grows, there is need of skilled people with added advanced technology used for better services.

Figure 1 shows the City Working Professional Environment. There is a need of getting the service through technology as it saves time. In this cycle, the services provided by the service provider are supported by the advanced technology as infrastructure.

1. People: This involves people who are seeking the services from service provider. It involves right from CEOs up-to class-iv labor.

2. Service Provider: This may be a person, a machine or a group of people with technologies. This uses its own infrastructure or may out-source to provider a required and needy service to the people.

3. Infrastructure with advanced technology: This involves infrastructure needed to provide

the needed services to the people. This may involves people, a machine, software or hardware components etc. Infrastructure must be supported by the advanced technology.

4. Services: This involves the services from service provider like transactions, information, billing, shopping etc.

When all their four play its own role effectively then we can say that the service is made available by the service provider to the people. People will use them efficiently which saves time, money and efforts. Our main goal is to save time, money and efforts with best work to be done. In order to achieve these goals, extra smartness is needed by the provider along with seeker.

Overview of smart city

Figure 2 shows the proposed model of smart city. The services are governed by the technology, social issues like economy, c o m m u n i c a t i o n , management and natural environment along with policies or rules to follow by the users/customers.

1. Policies or rules: This is very important issue. We are supposed to design the

policies or rules to be followed by each user, service providers with social issues. All the users need to be authenticated by our system. They need to provide authentication information in order to access the service. The service provider needs to be very specific about access policies of their services. All the time all the services must be available. Enough resources as infrastructure must be available in order to provide the service. There are many services which use infrastructure of other services. In this case, there should be policy of sharing the resources along with social issues need to be followed neatly.

2. Services governed by technology: The services requested by the user must be governed by the technology. The services must be supported by the necessary

infrastructure. It should be distributed architecture of the services since fault tolerance, availability must be maintained. The possible services that every citizen is looking for are e-governance, transport, medical, fire or police, banking or help.

3. Parameters for satisfaction: There should be add-on parameters used to compute the performance

of the system. They are

Smart City: A Proposed SystemS. M. Chaware

Professor, BSCOER, Narhe, Pune, M.S. INDIA

Fig. 1: City Working Professional Environment

Fig. 2: Proposed model of smart city


C o V E r S t o r Y

economy, communication, management and natural environment. These parameters must be effectively used to provide the services and to manage them.

4. Satisfaction: If the service requested can be provided with above parameters then we can say that we succeed in making smart cities governed by the technology.

Algorithm: Smartness in accessing the serviceStep1: User requests the needed service to

the system.Step2: User authenticated by the system.Step3: The request analyzed by the system

and interpreted correctly.Step4: The necessary resources are being

utilized to process the request.Step5: Possible solutions will be provided

which will reduce cost, time and efforts.

Example:Suppose a naïve user wishes to know how to travel from source X to destination Y in a city. Also, he wants to visit the hospital, restaurant during the visit. But he does not know the route, the hospital and restaurant. He can use our system in order to achieve his goal as follows:

Step1: Request to travel from source

X to destination Y and visit to hospital and restaurant.

Step2: Authentication by the system with username and password along with add-on question/s.

Step3: The transport component of the system will do proper interpretation of the request.

Step4: The system will compute how to travel, which hospital to go and which restaurant the user may take meal.

Step5: The system will provide economy solution along with proper communication to the user.

This way the user will find smart solution of the problem which saves cost, time and efforts.

Responsibilities of the CitizensThe following are some of the responsibilities of the citizens in order to succeed:

1. Each user must provide proper and complete information to the system.

2. Each user must follow all the rules and regulations of the system.

3. Each user must follow all the technological protocols strictly like devices supported, communication protocols, request formats etc.

4. Service provider must ensure

about the necessary infrastructure for providing the service.

Pros and Cons of the Smart CityPros:

1. It saves cost, time and efforts.2. It improves our economy and

living standard of citizens.3. It gives the reliability of the

services.4. It will drastically reduce the

corruption too.

Cons:1. It requires lots of investment

in terms of skilled people, infrastructure equipments etc. Initial investment cost is too high.

2. It requires awareness about services to be used, resources to be utilized etc.

3. There are lots of security issues in this system.

ConclusionIt is a dream of our Prime minister to transform our cities into ‘smart’ cities so that each problem can be solved with saving of cost, time and efforts. It is not only government’s responsibility but every person must get involved, understanding future need of transformation. Surely our country we will have many smart cities in next 2-3 years.

n

Dr. S. M. Chaware [CSI-00137545], is working as Professor at Bhivarabai Sawant College of Engineering and Research, Narhe, Pune. His areas of interest are Information and Wireless Security, NLP, Multilingual Processing. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Author

CSI Adhyayana tri-monthly publication for students

Articles are invited for April-June 2016 issue of CSI Adhyayan from student members authored as original text. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Besides, the other contents of the magazine shall be Cross word, Brain Teaser, Programming Tips, News Items related to IT etc.Please note that CSI Adhyayan is a magazine for student members at large and not a research journal for publishing full-fledged research papers. Therefore, we expect articles should be written for the Bachelor and Master level students of Computer Science and IT and other related areas. Include a brief biography of Four to Five lines, indicating CSI Membership no., and for each author a high resolution photograph.Please send your article to [email protected]. For any kind of information, contact may be made to Dr. Vipin Tyagi via email id [email protected].

On behalf of CSI Publication Committee

Prof. A.K. Nayak

Chief Editor



Introduction

Cities can be regarded as reflecting faces of a country in terms of its rapid growth of

industrial, infrastructural and economic developments. In cities, one finds that most resources are made available and are also heavily consumed; a city is looked upon as a place with better or modern standard of living; everyone is able to get a job, high or low, for his living; hence, villagers tend to move towards cities. This scenario is nearly universal across many countries. Currently, the Indian population is about 1.32 billion and the urban population in India is about 32%.[1]. It is reported that in Europe, as high as 75% of the population lives in urban cities, which is likely to increase to up to 80% by 2020[2]. It is reported that 60 to 80% of energy worldwide is consumed by cities and they are directly responsible for major shares of GHG emissions[2]. Still, with people of different social and economic status moving to cities, the character of their ‘expectations’ on related urban services widely vary. These for example include different modes of transportation- linkages (roads, rail, metros, bridges, airports, seaports etc.,), shelters (slums, individual villas, flat systems, residential colonies etc.,), business centres (commercial office buildings, theatres, malls, entertainment and shopping complexes etc.,), hospitals, government municipal and administra-tion buildings, schools and colleges, sports complexes etc. Consequently, issues on availability of lands for individuals, private and government services, and its proper land-use regulations, providing safe and adequate water supply, unhindered electricity, public distribution systems, healthcare and education system, employment etc., also multiply and pose enhanced challenges for urban development authorities. Additionally, in recent times, the problems of social life security to children and women, threats of terrorism, the divide between the rich and poor are on the increasing trend. All

the above can be described as typical characteristics of an urban city in India today.

The city dawns early even before the Sun, soon everyone is on the road ready to start one’s day’s work and the city rests much later after the sunset; thus, the city life to most of the people is highly ‘mechanical’. Still people prefer cities-Why?. –because a city offers so called “better standard of lifestyle” in terms of increased income, employment opportunities, higher education, improved healthcare, variety of entertainment, increased (not necessarily comfortable) mobility etc. In such a race in the process of technological growth, man always chases with time to satisfy his needs of life but fails to recognize the damages caused to the environment in which he lives in.

By 2030 the urban population in India is expected to increase to 40% and contribute to about 75% of GDP[3]. Thus, considering the fact that every year there is a significant level of migration from rural to urban areas in India, a need has arisen to make the cities more potential in accommodating the inflow of population and in handling various technical, economical, environmental and social issues to ensure the well-being of the people. In this context, with the vision of our Prime Minister, the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, has formulated the Mission Statements and Guidelines for promoting the emerging concept of Smart City (SC). This concept has been already ventured and implemented in some of the developed countries with partial success. A salient feature of this concept of a Smart City is that while there is a greater role for the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in respect of a smart city, additional role by environmental, community and social aspects are also important[2]. India is a vast country with a high population and with diverse potentials and problems among different states, in terms of natural resources, economy, industrial production, technological expertise,

literacy, employment, per capita income, governance, social and cultural values etc., The author, through this article would like to share some of his thoughts on issues related to the relevance, importance, adaptability and implementation of the concept of Smart City to Indian conditions.

Role of Science, Engineering and TechnologyIt is well known that science, engineering and technology are the basic bricks for building the economic and industrial growth of any country. During the 20th century, in many of the developed countries there has been unparallel technological advancements made through information and Communication Technology (ICT), and through infrastructural developments (in terms of tall buildings, skyscrapers, long-span bridges, flyovers, industrial structures etc.,), using large mechanisation and urbanisation. This has profoundly improved the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of these countries. The various natural resources of power (wood, coal, oil, gas etc.,) were abundantly available relative to human need and there was no constraint towards environmental protection. However, during later parts of that century, issues such as climate change, increased population, depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, GHG emissions etc., have brought a new paradigm shift in the role of technology. The technological problems and solutions were thought to be the central cause for several environmental problems, implying that we become victims of our own success[4]. As an example, it may be stated that when few persons had automobiles the pollution level was rather acceptable, whereas when everyone has an automobile, it results in an environmental problem.

Several scientific and technological accomplishments were also made available in India through concerted efforts of industry, government and many other stakeholders. Typical examples include our achievements in the fields of space and nuclear industry. Besides

Smart City- Travelling Beyond TechnologyS. Arunachalam

Director, Jaypee Wind Engineering Application Centre, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna-MP


technology, the cultural and human values of the society are also important which are directly influencing the life standard and happiness of the citizens.

Recommended Measures of Standard of LivingTill recently GDP has been used as a measure of standard of living. Recognising the importance of additional factors such as knowledge, longevity, quality of life, human well being, United Nations has recommended Human Development Index (HDI) as an alternative measure of standard of living[4]. For example, India has a lower HDI rank of 134 as compared with Norway having an HDI rank of 1. Another measure of standard of living being promoted in recent times refers to Gross National Happiness (GNH). This is based on four important criteria, namely, conservation of environment, sustainable economic development, preservation of culture, and good governance. The above concept of standard of living originally promoted by Bhutan is reported to receive much attention from developed countries. The sustainable economic development refers to the goal of achieving the needs of the present without affecting the potential of future generations to meet their own needs[4]. It can be seen from the above that while economic growth through technology is very essential, it alone is not sufficient for better standard of living. These aspects are additionally incorporated in the concept of a Smart City as discussed in following Sections.

Smart City-DefinitionFrom the literature it is seen that there is no uniformly accepted definition for smart city. like sustainability, which is a buzz word widely being used in practice without any specific universally accepted definition, smart city is also a fuzzy concept described by different authors in various perspectives. According to Chen[5], a smart city makes potential use of communications and sensor capabilities linked to city’s infrastructures in order to optimise electrical, transportation and other logistical operations required for daily life, thereby enhancing the quality of life for everyone. According to Harrison et al.,[6], a smart city is characterised as a city which is “instrumented”, “interconnected” and “intelligent”. By the term “instrumented” it is meant that if an infrastructure, say for example, a building is instrumented with

sensors, or meters etc., then the city is expected to have the ability of acquiring and integrating real world data using these sensors. For example, today it is possible and being practised by some institutions in India to instrument railway/highway bridges with sensors and to acquire live data to analyse and assess the loads and structural responses towards health monitoring of such bridges. The term “interconnected” refers to the ability for integrating the acquired data and being able to communicate such information to other processing centres/to share among various city services as required. The term “intelligent” means the ability to model, analyse, visualise, and interpret the data to enable decision making. For example, using advanced energy sensors accurate metering can be made for use in urban smart energy grids. Similarly, in transport systems, sensors are used to improve mobility and regulation of traffic services. Bakici et al.,[2] defines a smart city as one which employs high technology intensively and connects people, information and city services. The expected target is to create a sustainable and a greener city, with increased life standard for the citizens. It may be noted from the above that while the science and technology (S&T) plays a vital role, a smart city does not get limited by technology growth alone; instead it extends further in connecting the technology with people and community. Although there are more than about 20 definitions for Smart City, in literature as cited by Vito Albino et.al.,[2]., in a broader sense a city becomes smart when human and social capital investments through application of ICT in infrastructures is able to achieve sustainable growth along with a better quality of life. The different components of a smart city are shown in Fig. 1 as described by[2].Relevance, Importance and Adaptability of Smart City ConceptFrom the above, it can be stated in the opinion of the author, that the concept

of smart city is much relevant and important for future urbanisation and overall development for India. The major infrastructural elements in a smart city include institutional infrastructure elements such as e-governance, safety and security of citizens, and physical infrastructure elements like proper water supply, sanitation and sewerage system, waste disposal, unhindered electrical supply, shelter for everyone, efficient public transport, IT connectivity for effective communication, and social infrastructure elements such as health, education, poverty reduction, quality of life and sustainable environment[3]:

The need of the hour is to shape our future development so that new technologies could provide solutions which are socially and environmentally beneficial besides technically being viable. Similar to problem of natural disaster mitigation, which requires expertise from multi-disciplines, involving large number of stakeholders and hence a holistic approach, here also for setting up a smart city, knowledge and expertise in several challenging fields are required. These for example, include water management, waste management, e –governance, urban mobility, energy management etc. Each one of the above in itself is highly technically complex. Broad details of these technologies with specific line of actions towards solutions are discussed in many forums and in literature, for example in Reference 4. Due to space constraints, they are not discussed here.

Considering the scale of above challenging problems, it is imperative to increase the level of literacy and exercise control to achieve poverty reduction literacy and poverty reduction are two important aspects which directly influence quality of life. In a country like ours with heavy population, poverty can be alleviated not by redistribution of wealth but only through the generation of wealth. The latter is possible only when we invest

Fig.1: Components of a Smart City[2]

C o V E r S t o r Y


in infrastructure, improve employment and increase innovation. For these things people should be educated and literacy level should be increased.

SummaryWhile smart city is an emerging and welcoming concept, it might appear from the above, that currently it is more a slogan than a reality. However, in the opinion of the author, the concept is useful for the society; the journey is long with technical challenges and with improvement and commitment in the mindset of the citizens, it is possible to achieve with reasonable success. Besides the required technology, environmental protection, public awareness, human values, social cooperation, civic sense, tolerance attitudes, social and cultural values etc. have to be respected and practised by every

sector of the society. In nutshell an enabling environment with human values should be promoted.

AcknowledgementsThe author thanks Mr. Shiva Shankar, Department of Civil Engineering, JUET, Guna for technical discussions.

References[1] http://www.worldometers.info/

world -population/India-population, 2016.

[2] Vita Albino, Umberto Berardi and Rosa Maria Dangelico, 2015, “Smart cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance and Initiatives”, Journal of Urban Technology, Vol. 22, No.1, 3-21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092

[3] “Smart City, Mission Statements and Guidelines”, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, June, 2015.

[4] INAE Forum on Technology Foresight and Management for Addressing National Challenges, First Report, Indian National Academy of Engineering, March 2014.

[5] TM Chen, “Smart grids, smart cities need better networks”, IEEE Networks, Editor’s note, 24:2(2010)2-3.

[6] C Harrison, B Eckmann, RHamilton, P hartswick, J Kalagnanam, J Paraszczak, and P Williams, “Foundations for smarter cities”, IBM Journal of Research and Development54:4 (2010)1-16. n

Prof. S. Arunachalam, FNAE is currently working as Director, Jaypee Wind Engineering Application Centre (JP-WICENTRE) at Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna. He is also Dean (Academics and Research). Prior to this he has served as Chief Scientist and Advisor (Management) at CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai for about 30 years. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Author

C o V E r S t o r Y

Call for PapersInternational Conference on “Internet of Things”

Organized by APS College of Engineering, Bangalore in association with CSI Bangalore ChapterAugust 18-19, 2016, Bangalore

The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Internet of Things(IOT) and provide a forum for information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners.

TOPICS ❖ Internet of Things ❖ Cognitive IOT ❖ Big Data Analytics ❖ Green IOT, Sustainable Design &Technologies ❖ Energy Harvesting ❖ Security , Trust & Privacy ❖ Social Internet of Things ❖ Other Topics Related to IOT

Paper must be in IEEE format not exceeding 6 pages. Proceedings will be published by reputed publisher/ in reputed Journal.

IMPORTANT DATES:

Last date for paper submission : May 7, 2016Intimation of acceptance : May 23, 2016Final camera ready copy : June 18, 2016

For details visit : www.iciot2016.in, Contact : Prof. C.P. Sameerana, HOD, Dept of CS & E, A.P.S College of Engineering, Somanahalli Bangalore-560082, Email id: [email protected]

❖ Wireless Sensor Networks ❖ IOT Cloud Integration ❖ Context & location Aware Applications ❖ IOT based e-Commerce ❖ Smart Cities ❖ Smart Grids & Energy Management ❖ Innovative Applications


C o V E r S t o r Y

There is a saying that “any sufficiently advanced technology is equivalent to magic”. The ultimate promise

of technology is to give comfort to the humanity and what can be more comforting to the humanity than implementing a city that is smart in every way. The functions that technologies serve to the well-being of a city are plenty, yet there comes a need to implement various technologies as a whole to give the best impact. This is where a “smart city” comes into picture. A smart city is defined as the incorporation of various technologies that provide diverse solutions and enable to develop the urban areas in a way that it enhances the productivity of urban services, more effective use of resources- both natural as well as man-made and to give mankind an economically and environmentally friendly services. The goal of smart city is to give smart solutions using information and communication technologies to give adequate facilities of water, electricity, health and safety along with efficient IT management. PM Narendra Modi coined a slogan about the smart city is “ZERO DEFECT ZERO EFFECT” which means that no fault will occur if there is no cause.

A question arises whether there is a need to develop smart cities in a poor country like India. The answer to this question comes after studying the factors that support the development of cities that give smart solutions. The approaches of smart city development focus mainly on improving the economic growth thereby generating smart solutions that increase the quality of life. Urban problems could be solved using information technologies. The citizens can express their ideas through mobile technologies. Smart city will provide smart solutions and promote the current rate of employment. It will help developing good infrastructure of housing and the city altogether with supply of water, gas and electricity throughout the day.

What makes a city smart? Around

20 cities have been chosen under the ‘Smart Cities’ initiative. Some cities in India already use advanced technology within departments to solve issues with water supply, garbage dumping and energy management in buildings, but to a limited extent. Given the state of infrastructure in the country and problems associated with bandwidth, connectivity, power supply, pollution, overcrowding and poverty, Indian cities have a long way to go before they become smart. But the chance to do so is at hand.

Mission of Smart CityMinistry of the Urban Development gives an description about the mission introduced by them. At first Government of India announced that the list of 20 cities has been selected and taken up for the development as Smart Cities in Round 1 of the Smart City Programme. 97 cities are trying to gain something through the Smart City Challenge. The ranking of the 97 cities was arrived through a thorough or accurate process of evaluation by a panel of experts, which included World Bank, ADB, london School of Economics, National Institute of Urban Affairs etc. These cities have been selected on the basis of merit with the 20 individual scores awarded in the competition. The overall limit on prices or expenditure of these 20 cities for the year of (2015-2016) was made something possible or the desired future as per the guidelines of the Mission.

On the basis of panel of experts, the 20 cities which have been selected for funding in the current financial year. Two demands were proposed. At first based on their evaluation, the panel of experts will put a plan forward for the consideration to improve in the proposals of the selected cities. Secondly, all the smart cities proposals have a committed timeline of purpose. The cities will have to stick firmly to follow these timelines strictly and the progression of the work will be monitored. If there is a slow process in

implementation, the cities will be required to exit from the Mission.

The geographical spread of these top 20 cities exhibits that they are not covering all the states in the country. Message spreading of the urban transformation in the various countries has the essential spirit of the Smart City Mission. With this spirit the opportunities provided to all states, a special group called fast-track has been provided to these 23 states to upgrade their proposals whose cities are not covered in the list of 20. The city which gets the highest scoring among the 23 states can submit their proposals before April 2016 on this fast track. Around 40 cities will be upgraded in the round 2 which will be announced in the month of August 2016.

Benefits from Smart CitiesIt gives local economic development, a better city planning and development. Produces smart meter, Green Buildings and the renewable sources of energy. Exhibits faster at a lower operating expense. Recycles and reduces the waste produced by the user. Smart parking, intelligent traffic management is achieved with the help of this mission. Adequate water supply. Makes the citizens, mainly women, children, and the elderly people more secured and safety. A sustainable environment with clean and proper sanitation including all the solid waste management. Robustness in IT connectivity and digitalization.

The five main elements of the proposed smart cities identified by the Urban Development Ministry:

1. In terms of the basic physical and organizational structures needed for society to function, the smart cities should be available for 24 hours of high quality useful services like water and power.

2. A robust transport system that emphasises on public transport is also a key element.

Make India 2025: Smart CitiesM. Lilly Florence

Professor, Dept. of Computer Application, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu

D. SwamydossProfessor, Dept. of Computer Application,

Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu

“Divine nature gave the fields, human art built the cities”– Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica.


C o V E r S t o r Y

3. In social infrastructure, the cities should provide opportunities for jobs and livelihoods for its inhabitants.

4. The smart cities should also have proper facilities for entertainment and the safety and security of the people. State-of-the-art health and education facilities are also a must.

5. The smart cities should minimize waste by increasing energy efficiency and reducing water conservation. Proper recycling of waste materials must be done in such cities.

ConclusionDeveloping an urban space that functions to give efficiency with respect to the economical, environmental and social improvements, information and communication technologies (ICT) help the government to bring up a plan which will result in improvement in the quality of life of the citizens. The selected cities with be installed with the most advanced technologies. The plan will convert most of the rural areas to urban areas. Cost effective measures are considered while planning for the development of smart

cities. Smart cities ensure a good quality of life with good transportation facilities. The pressure on the use of natural resources and energy will be reduced. Economic gains will become higher with smart cities. Although for some cities that need redevelopment from the root onwards, the reduction in the economical pressure after the transition into smart city is more beneficiary. With the day-to-day increase in urbanization, smart city can provide more opportunities to save the resources and maintain urban health. n

Dr. M. Lilly Florence [CSI -I0153816] is currently working as Professor at Department of Computer Application, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu since 2001. Her area of interest is Data Mining, Cloud Computing and Programming Languages. She can be reached at [email protected].

Dr. D. Swmaydoss is working as a Professor at department of Computer Applications, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu. His area of interest is Software Engineering and Computer Networking.

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Smart City: A Step towards Sustainable Development

Pooja Vinod JanseResearch Student, Dr. B. A. M. University,

Aurangabad

Ratnadeep R. DeshmukhProfessor & Head, Dept. of CS & IT, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad

Introduction

Growing population and urbanization have forced large migration of people from rural area

towards urban areas. But this has direct impact on water, residence, buildings, transportation, energy resources etc. So our policy makers are focusing on addressing these issues. Aiming to provide this infrastructure facility and efficient service system using digital technologies, Smart City will provide bridge for social and economic divide.

In order to understand the concept of Smart City it is essential to understand role of cities in human civilization, nature of cities. The paradigm of smart cities appeared in the late 1980’s to visualize urban context and evolved in different contexts.

The first question arises that what is meant by a ‘Smart City’. We can say that, there is nouniversally fixed definition for a smart city but in what dimension we want a city to be smart. It mentions several things for several people as per their need. The concept of smart city varies from city up to country, depending on the development level, enthusiasm for revolution and modification in existing state, available assets and objectives of the citizens. Some says that ‘Smart cities are the places where use of digital and information technology used to address the problems’.

Some guidelines are required for cities to become smart. So the requirements of a smart city includes a demand list of structure and services that describes the objectives. To fulfill ambitions and requirements of the people, policy makers preferably aims for developing the complete urban environment, which can be characterized by the four columns of

inclusive development- social, economical, institutional and physical organization. This will be a time-consuming goal and cities will take effort in the direction of emerging such an inclusive infrastructure, as a step towards ‘smartness’.

The objectives of smart city plan are as mentioned in following figure.

The primary attention is for providing sustainable and comprehensive

environment and the indication is to look at compressed areas, create a model which will provide a guidance to another ambitious cities. The smart cities plan of the government is a new creativity towards sustainable development. It is intended to establish a model that can be replicated inside and outside of the Smart

City, catalyzing the making of similar Smart Cities in various sections in India.

The basic structure features in a smart city would consist of:

As a smart clarifications are concerned, an explanatory solutions are mentioned in following figure. This is not a comprehensive solution, and cities are allowed to include more area of applications.

StrategyBefore discussing strategy of Smart City plan, let us have look on population, cities and towns, housing shortage and slum population of India. By the following table we

get the clear picture of India’s population and their housing requirement in future.

So the considered modules of area-based improvement in the smart city project are city improve-ment (retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension and a Pan-city initiative in which smart solutions are applied over larger section of the town.

The explanations of the three models of Area-based smart city development are given below:

• Retrofitting presents preparing in an existing built-up area to complete smart city goals, along with other objectives, to make the present area more resourceful and livable. Based on the current level of structured services in the recognized zone and the expectation of the citizens, the cities will make a policy to be a smart as planned.

• Redevelopment will consider a change of the present built-up

Abstract: The success of any program will be judged in future by its power to transform the life and welfare state of people, and their ability to reduce inequality in our society. Our policy makers have planned many schemes to work on this problem which we are facing since independence. Smart city plan is one of them which have focus on welfare state of people. The vision of Smart city program is to make cities as the engine of productivity and wealth. The employment and wealth created by this urbanization and innovation in housing, services, utilities and technology definitely leads to the improvements in people’s welfare state.

Fig. 1: Objectives of Smart City Mission

Fig. 2: Core infrastructure element of Smart City

C o V E r S t o r Y


area and allow development of a new plan with advanced structure with diverse land use and better compactness. Renovation visualizes more than 50 acres of area, recognized by Urban local Bodies

(UlBs) in discussion with residents. • Greenfield expansion is planned

for maximum of the smart ways in an earlier unoccupied area of more than 250 acres with advanced design, plan funding and execution of planned tools with facility for reasonable housing, especially for people who are below poverty line. This developments plan is necessary everywhere in cities in order to focus on the demands of the increasing population.

• Pan-city development gives clear picture about presentation of particular smart solutions for the present city wise organization. This presentation will include the use of data and statistics, technology to provide better services and infrastructure.

For example, we can consider waste

water reuse, smart meter system which will create a huge involvement for water organization in the city.

Smart solution will enable city to act as growth engine. When cities will be built up with sustainable and smart environment, then cities will be more networked, automated and connected with

high quality services. Standardization, computerization, intelligent interconnected systems of services, transportation, energy efficiency, use of information and communication

technology, use of geographical information system technology, use of renewable sources of energy, simulation and nanotechnology are the necessary solutions of smart city.Features of Smart CitySome representative features of inclusive growth in Smart Cities

are defined below.• Encouraging mixed land use in area

based expansions–preparation for areas containing a variety of well-suited activities and uses of land nearby each other in order to use it more efficiently;

• Making walkable areas – to reduce overcrowding, pollution of air, for resource conservation, enhancement of local economic condition of people, encourage building of relationship and guaranteed security. The networks of roads and national highways are created or repaired not only for vehicular and public transportation, but also for walkers and cyclists, essential governmental facilities are make available within minimum distance where we can reach by walking and cycling;

• Housing and inclusiveness - housing opportunities for all specially for deprived;

• Conservation and development of unused spaces - gardens, playgrounds, entertaining spaces in order to improve the excellence of citizens life, decrease in the changing heat balance in urban areas and usually endorse eco-balance;

• Making citizen-friendly and cost effective governance – increase in dependence on online services for transparency and accountability in governance, specially using smartphones to deliver cost effective services and to provide services without going into public offices. Creating e-groups to covey messages to people and get opinion, use of online observing of plans and actions with the help of cyber tools on worksites;

• Encouraging a multiple options of transportation - public transportation and endpoint connectivity;

• Providing an uniqueness to the city - depending on its main financial activity, like health, education, furniture, hosiery, textile, dairy, arts and culture, crafts, outdoor goods;

• Use of smart planning for development of structure and services in order to make them better.

With the features mentioned above we can distinguish between traditional and smart city.

Making Cities SmartCities are very complex structures containing various departments and organizations. New ways can enhance their efficiency, services and operations. Smart city applies Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance innovation, learning, knowledge and creative approach along with the increase in economic activities and productivity. For making cities smart ICT can help us in the integration of citizen participation, good governance and online consultation of each and every thing. ICT enabled infrastructure services in smart city solution includes following key service areas-

• Smart energy solutions• Smart public utilities

Fig 3: Smart solutions illustrative list

Table 1: India’s Urban Trajectory [Source: Census of India 2011]

Year 2011 2031

Population 1210 million 1440 million

Urban Population 377 million 600 million

Cities and Towns 7936 -

Million+ Cities 53 78

Housing Shortage 18.76 million units 30-40 million units

Slum Population 95 million 150-200 million

C o V E r S t o r Y


• Smart mobility• Smart and green building• ICT enabled public services,

telecom networks and governance• Intelligent community frameworks

for health, education and other neighborhood services

Challenges in Smart City Project• Recognize the economic

contribution of the cities, estimate the GDP of the city.

• Identify vacant houses in the city & plan to put them in use

• Housing plan for slum free city-integrated with drainage plan & mobility plan

• Sewage management• Smart solid waste management• Financing urban infrastructure• The regional inequality, rural urban

divide and intercity disparities are strong challenges to India’s urban transformation mission as well as for economic progress.

• There are large number of census towns which are not covered under this program. However, they are ruled by Village Panchayats, have

lacks of resources n infrastructure but have the potential to become bridge between rural and urban area.

• First time it happened that competition based method is used to select cities for implementation of smart city plan. This will create the spirit of competition and cooperation among cities.

• States and local bodies will show an important role in the improvement. Smart management and visualization in this stage and capability to act conclusively will be significant factors defining the success.

• The planning given by the policy makers, implementers and other participants at different levels must be understood clearly.

• Most important reserves concerns with time and resources should be made at the initial point of planning before taking part in the competition.

• The mission requires technical and energetic people who

enthusiastically take part in supremacy and improvements. The contribution of these people will able to make use of Information and Communication Technology, especially mobile based tools.

ConclusionWe can say Smart City initiative is a step towards socio-economic welfare state of India. India, no doubt, is one of the fastest growing economy in the world. Our government has taken many steps towards economic growth and welfare state of each and every person. Definitely the planned agenda of the government truly seeks to achieve this goal.

References[1] http://smartcities.gov.in/ [Accessed:

March 20, 2016][2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city

[Accessed: March 20, 2016][3] http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/

SmartCityGuidelines.pdf [Accessed: March 20, 2016]

[4] http://www.census2011.co.in/ [Accessed: March 21, 2016]

[5] http://censusindia.gov.in/ [Accessed: March 21, 2016] n

Traditional City Smart City

More chances of power stealing resulting in power deficiencies and discontinuous shutdowns; non availability of perfect solutions

less chances of power stealing, greater collections for the suppliers, satisfactory water supply, no shutdowns, decrease in carbon releases in environment

Water scarcities, timed and limited water supply, income losses for supplier Constant water supply, greater collections for the suppliers

High congestion in road traffic, high environmental degradation, difficult to locate parking areas

Improved flow of traffic, low environmental degradation, citizens are guided to locate parking areas easily

lack of integrated view of city -always excavated, excessive spending in construction and repairing damages

Integrated view of city, improved organization of city works, very less spending in construction and repairing damages

limited records of citizen health history, higher cost for operators and insurance providers

less number of cases of medical errors resulting from inaccessibility of earlier information, advanced and timely services provided by hospital operator

Difficult to access citizens services, need of “middle man” Easier and well-organized interaction between government and citizen/business, cheap cost for functioning

Stockholders are not able to get complete information about the business atmosphere in city

Higher awareness as well as dedicated efforts for sustainability

Table 2: Comparison between smart city and traditional city

Miss. Pooja V. Janse [CSI- I1504037] is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in CSE from Dept. of CS&IT, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. She is currently working as BSR Research Fellow under the project entitled “UGC SAP-II DRS Phase II Biometric: Multimodal System Development” sanctioned by UGC. Her research interest includes the digital speech signal processing, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System.

Dr. R. R. Deshmukh, [CSI- 00100518], is currently working as Professor & Head in Dept. of CSIT, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad, (MS), India. He has been elected as sectional member of ICT section of Indian Science congress Association. His areas of specialization are Human Computer Interaction, Digital Speech Signal processing, Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA), Neural Networks etc. He can be reached at [email protected].


Introduction

To enhance Security and enforcement of rules and regulations for vehicles and automation in all types of billing

and fining related to vehicles and the concept of e-License, we propose our project.

Our project includes one device that resides in the vehicle which is primarily used to ensure security of the vehicle. The device allows access to vehicle only by inserting valid Driving license. So that the license of one person is not misused by the other, the device will also have a Biometric (Thumb impression) check. The vehicle identifies its user only after both the above parameters are verified. More than one user can have access to vehicle only after the permission of the owner through special option: ‘Handoff’. Here the concept of e-License is taken into picture wherein, when the device first checks its data base and finds that the person is allowed to access the vehicle with the requirement of owner’s-permission, and at the same time finds that the data about his license is absent and consequently the license validity field to be empty. In such situation the device when gets connected to the dedicated server’s Wi-Fi (especially at the fuel station) reads the server data base which maintains the information of the citizens license along with other relevant information and gets the information updated into its own data memory and takes the appropriate action respectively.

This device would also allow Authorized entry and parking. For instance, in the college only vehicles of registered students and staff would be allowed to enter the gate and are permitted to park their vehicle. This will have another device at the entrance

to serve the above functionality. The automatic pay’ n’ park facility may be added as an add-on feature.

To minimize time consumption at Fuel stations the device will communicate with the station when the vehicle comes in the vicinity of the fuel station and support automatic online transaction. A device installed at the station serves this purpose. Both the devices would establish automatic communication and check for the possibility of online transaction. The station maintains the list of the currently available vehicles at the station. Whenever, the vehicle arrives at the point of fuel filling, the service person gives his confirmation to the biometric device of the vehicle which in turn invokes the corresponding user data among the list. This data will be linked to the banking services and proceeds for the transaction.

The device will also facilitate the toll booth to automatically establish communication with the toll, as soon as the toll encounters the vehicle within its proximity. The vehicle is recognized by the toll and charged respectively. This would lead to elimination of present manual toll booths that exist in some countries and also other automated toll booths which require additional devices and systems.

SignificanceThe concept when implemented, the vehicle will be able to recognize its user in particular, verify his license. It mainly focuses on Vehicle Security, law enforcement, penalization and automated transactions pertaining to the vehicles. The idea incorporates the following innovations

• Vehicle start by Driving license verification

• Owner recognition by vehicle • Identify the permitted users for

vehicle entry at Parking.• Online transactions• Time efficient procedures

Basic Block DiagramThe microcontroller gets the fingerprint of the user through the fingerprint sensor, processes it and recognizes the authorized user and the validness of the license etc.Device at the vehicleIf the respective information is found to be correct, then the microcontroller interfaces to the ignition system and allows the user access to the vehicle. Incase the license data is not found on the device memory, the microcontroller accesses the data from the server via Wi-Fi module. At every instant the required information to the user is conveyed through the display deviceDevice at fueling station OR Parking systemThe microcontroller in the device at the fuel station communicates with the vehicle device. The device at the station is in turn linked to the online servers which

facilitate automatic transaction between the user and the fuel station.

The figure below shows the Flow diagram of the process

IoV – Internet of VehiclesAashish A. Gadgil, Kavya Nilajkar, Ravindra Patil, Rakesh Gowda and Vishwanath Hotti

Dept. of Electronics and Communication, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology Belagavi

Abstract : Smart Vehicles are needed for Smart cities. Security and enforcement of rules and regulations for vehicles is vulnerable these days and is not effective. There is need to improvise through automation in all types of billing (Fuel) and fining related to vehicles. In present case, the only means of security for the vehicle is through the use of keys and the verification of driver license is done manually which may lead to uncertainties and possible errors. The transactions carried out at fuel stations still require human intervention which leads to loss of time and trafficking at the fuel stations. There is no existing system for monitoring and allowing only authorized vehicles to use the parking area.

Fig. 1: Vehicular device block diagram

t E C h n I C a l t r E n d S


The figure below shows the process

flow of the operation at the fuel station.

Advantages• The concept of e-license will

remove the need of carrying hard license and other cards relevant to the vehicle (eg: RC book etc ). This will also completely eradicate the problem of losing these important documents.

• To ensure security to vehicles (alternative to the use of keys).

• To strictly enforce Government rules.

• To allow Authorized entry and parking.

• Automatic fuel billing.• Channelizing part of control over

the vehicle to the Traffic Board Authority.

• Automatically billing the toll gates

Future Expansions• To avoid use of cell phones while

driving.• Vehicle tracking by City Traffic

board.• Automated Traffic offense

penalization.• Automatic Paid parking systems.• Metering for Taxies and Autos.• Public buses Anticipation info. on

bus stops.• SOS signal after Accidents. • Avoidance of the use of cell phones

while driving ConclusionOnce this idea is implemented, the vehicles will be extremely secured and digitized, in the sense that it accomplishes auto-transaction at fuel station, toll stations etc without human intervention. The concept of e-license will completely convert the presently available hard licenses and other vehicle documents into digital license which will make the human life much easier especially on the part of maintenance of these documents. References[1] a t m e l - 2 5 4 9 - 8 - b i t -

a v r - m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r -atmega640-1280-1281-2560-2561_datasheet.pdf

[2] GT-511C3/GT-511C31 (UART)-ADH Technology Co. ltd. www.adh-tech.com.tw

[3] http://www.arduino.cc[4] http://github.com[5] www.mcufriend.com[6] http://www.adh-tech.com.tw/?9,gt-

511c3-gt-511c31-(uart)[7] GT-511C3_datasheet_V11_20131127[8] mcufriend.com/products.htm n

Fig 3: Process flow of the vehicular device operation

Fig. 4: Process flow at the fuel station

Prof. Aashish A. Gadgil [CSI-I125737] is currently working with Dept of Electronics and Communication, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi, India. His fields of interests include IOT, CAN, Embedded Systems, Operating systems etc. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Author

Fig. 2: Typical block diagram of device at fuel station or parking system

Benefits for CSI members: Knowledge sharing and Networking

• Participating in the International, National, Regional chapter events of CSI at discounted rates• Contributing in Chapter activities• Offering workshops/trainings in collaboration with CSI• Joining Special Interest Groups (SIG) for research, promotion and dissemination activities for selected domains, both established

and emerging• Delivering Guest lecturers in educational institutes associated with CSI• Voting in CSI lelections• Becoming part of CSI management committee

t E C h n I C a l t r E n d S


From E-Governance to D–GovernanceRam Pal Singh

Associate Professor, Dept. CS, DDUC, University of Delhi, Delhi

Saibal K. PalScientist ‘G’, SAG Lab, Defense Research &

Development Organization, Delhi

Sachin KumarResearch Scholar, University of Delhi, Delhi

Introduction

Present technological advancements have resulted into efficient and effective systems for solution of

long exiting problems in real life. The pace of technology and innovations is increasing at a very high rate. Society and people are also accepting these solutions with open arms. Now we are more connected, more advanced, more informed and even have more access to the resources thanks to information and communication technology (ICT). Solutions like web portals; devices; network solutions, access devices, data management applications and analytics solutions can stand efficient and effective for the challenges occurred due to volume, veracity, variety and velocity of the data[1]. Present day governments all over the world have also accepted the application of ICT into Governance process which is called E-governance and it has resulted into large scale benefits to people with great improvement in efficiency and efficacy of governance services for people.

Indian ScenarioIndia has also accepted E-governance models and is investing and improving domain and sector wise for improved and better governance experience. Indian circumstances are challenging with population, diversity region wise, religion wise, environment wise, social structure, economics and politics wise. But E-governance has covered and has been able to satisfy the requirements in different region as per their needs of linguistic through customization and localization. large scale ICT solutions[5], web portals, integrated software systems[6] soft wares and media connection solutions[7] have resulted into mass data generation. And this data is new currency and gold[1]. This data collection by large scale ICT systems have enormous amount of information which can guide policy formulation and improve the governance immensely. Table one provides some of glimpse of transaction in E-governance systems and their suitability for D-governance.

Data and Big data analyticsBig data is a term describes the characteristics of big data by the 4Vs: volume, velocity, veracity and variety[2]. Big data require advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture, storage, distribution, management and analysis of information. Term ‘big’ in big data analytics not only defines the size but also the quality and complexity of data. Data should be considered as raw information with or without filter, duplication, or structure that forms the building block for information. Transformation of data to information happens when one adds some logic to present a particular fact or view point. Basically big data analytics deals with volume of data which gets generated represented in peta/ exa/ zeta bytes of data and velocity of data are streaming in at an unprecedented speed and must be captured and analysed with in a timely manner.

Concept of D- GovernanceICT systems are generating vast amount of data due to large population pool of India

or they may generate in future as more penetration of internet services and digital India takes place[3]. Inorder to provide more accurate, effective and efficient governance products and services to citizens, governance needs to incorporate systems to analyse the big data generated with the help of data mining, machine leaning and big data analytics approaches integrated into systems. D-governance namely data governance is “Analysis of information collected through E-governance systems for data driven policy formulation and prediction in all governance affaires”. This is new concept and it is new definition. This deals with the E-governance systems integrated with technologies in data mining, Machine learning and Big data analytics.

Model for D-GovernanceTraditional model of governance in India is described in Fig. 1. In this model Three tier decentralization of power is in place. At the top is central government, then state government then comes district governance and block or municipality. Presently government is taking initiatives

a r t I C l E

S. No Central Government Projects No. of E-transaction D-Governance

1 Agriculture 1,94,36,87,588 Yes

2 CSC 7,53,32,807 Yes

3 Finance 3,29,95,699 Yes

4 Health 2,45,46,926 Yes

5 Immigration, Visa and Foreigners Registration & Tracking (IVFRT)

1,09,72,068 Yes

6 Judiciary 5,82,95,596 Yes

7 Passport 6,09,92,818 Yes

8 Postal Services 3,99,38,212 Yes

9 Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana 1,82,02,695 Yes

10 Telecommunications 3,36,36,781 Yes

11 UPSC 37,42,966 Yes

12 Co-operative Banks 92,75,007 yes

Table 1. Number of Electronic Transactions that occurred in 2015 for various Central Government schemes (Source: www.etaal.gov.in)


to provide product and services through E-governance through Enterprises solutions, information systems, prototypes such as solution for Public distribution problems[5], consumer awareness programs and solutions[6], other software’s and web portals which create lot of data at each level. This data is not being analysed due to its large amount, fast access and variety of reasons deeply. There is great potential in this data which can help in improving the effectiveness, efficiency of the government products and services to the citizens. So some modification in terms of integration of some modules in the already existing E-governance systems is need of the hour. We need integration of advanced data analytics at each level so that local administration is able to know the situation in advance and can take the issues policy wise or in action mode. For example, in the passport office, more no of queries are coming at a particular time of the year which makes the citizens to wait for long for the resolve of their query so with the real time data prediction it will becomes easy to monitor the trends, work load, requirements and ways of taking solutions.

D-Governance SystemD-Governance system is the integration of advanced and basic data analysis and prediction module with already placed E-governance systems. Integration module conceptual process flow is given in Fig. 2. This module has the functio-nality of machine learning algorithms implementation and big data analytics. Data in static and dynamic form is obtained from E-governance information systems it is transmitted to this module. This module processes are divided into three parts. One is responsible for data cleaning, structuring, formatting and validation. Once that part is complete,

processed data is sent to big data analytics and machine learning module for the getting insights from the data and information using some of the algorithms of classification, regression and clustering. Results and insights obtained from this modules are analysed and correlation is generated which provides the

direction for the policy formation, policy implementation and feedback.

Case Studies: Health SystemsFor D-governance, various proofs of concepts and other implemented solutions have been analysed. In this case study approach, this paper is selecting health domain. Two case study one form India and one from developed nation where e- governance is in matured state are being stated. For developed world, An IBM report cites the example of North York General Hospital, a 450-bed community teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada, which uses real-time analytics to improve patient outcomes and gain greater insight into the operations of healthcare delivery[10]. North York in USA is reported to have implemented a scalable real-time analytics application to provide multiple perspectives, including clinical, administrative, and financial[10]. Apart from this, Pittsburgh Health Data Alliance[8] – which aims to take data from various sources such as medical agencies and insurance agencies’ records, wearable sensors of people, genetic data from other sources and even social media usage of patients, to draw a wide-ranging picture of the patient as an individual, in order to offer a tailored healthcare

package? Recently, IBM teamed up with some researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the University of California at San Francisco to study how to predict outbreaks of dengue and malaria which India faces in every season and suffer human loss and financial loss as well[8]. According to the statistics, each year, dengue infects 100 million people because of global travel patterns[9]. Malaria infects over 200 million people and costs Africa alone over $12 billion for the cost of illness, treatment, and premature death[9]. Thanks to the efforts of researchers and big data analytics which is D- governance concept, there is a chance to identify outbreaks early, to better contain its spread, and allocate resources more effectively. More specifically, Using an open-source modelling application named the Spatio Temporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) from IBM[9], It systems will have open access to practice any kind of data and swiftly correlate it with disease data. Researchers after implementation found that they were able to see how variations in confined climate and temperature affected the spread of the disease. Now this use of data to figure out where the next outbreaks will be is very helpful in effective policy formulation and implementation.Approaches and Techniques and ApplicationsThe following are some of the representative approaches that can be used for getting knowledge from integration of d-governance module in E-governance for Healthcare. Elaboration of some of the use cases is provided below for reference:

• It will reduce patient readmission rates

• It will help in early detection of SEPSIS

• Accuracy and efficiency in Detection of Patient Pathways for chronic diseases will increase

• Using data mining and machine learning techniques detection of anomalies in patient condition in real-time will be very easy. • Prediction of length of stay (lOS) of a patient will help in managing resources• Predicting infection rates, mortality rates will help in policy and making

Fig. 1: Indian Political System decentralization

Fig. 2: Integration of Machine Learning and big data framework with E-Governance

a r t I C l E


and decisions for government authorities

• Deep analysis and more research oriented output of tests will help in treatment of various patient conditions and diagnosis pathways

• Feedback and other real-time analysis will assist physicians to capture better quality of data from patients through supervised machine learning techniques

All this combined is going to change the future of the health information systems and government decision making if implemented properly.

TechnologiesTechnologies which can be used in the integrated module for d-governance are Apache Hadoop 2.x suite with HDFS, HBase, MapReduce, Sqoop, Hive, Pig, Oozie, and Zookeeper. For data visualization and Data Mining Pattern open source R Studio with other tools like MongoDB NOSQl, Apache Solr and Apache lucene, HAPI, Tableau and D3JS for Advanced Visualizations, HTMl5/JSON constructs for UI Rendering and Neo4J for graph capabilities.

Expected Results and ConclusionD-governance model in E-governance systems will help in detection of unnatural and outliers easily and assist for the decision making. As In case of health, detection of attacks of disease areas wise, patient wise will become very easy with data visualization techniques. This type of advanced classification, regression, prediction and clustering can help in most of the domain of E-governance. The living standard of people will progress if D- governance involving big data is used to recognize the right beneficiaries D-Governance concept leverages Natural language processing (NlP) driven text mining techniques to integrate unstructured data with semi or structured datasets to derive measurable

productive value addition but it is considered difficult. In Health information system, big data analytics produce actionable insights which can be used to predict disease outcomes, plan treatment protocols and strategic organisational planning. By digitizing, combining and effectively using big data, healthcare organisations ranging from single doctors practice to small and large hospitals to national hospital networks stand to benefit. Data analytics can help hospitals and other government institutions and local and state governments in financial planning, supply chain management, humane resource management and quality care delivery. Some of the practical applications of big data in hospitals are decrease in re-admission rates, predictive algorithms for diagnostics, real-time monitoring of ICU vacancies, disease analysis regions wise and on the basis of patient data and location and on other attributes. Big data analysis can help public health department to understand disease trends, help control sudden breakouts, lastly, helps in building awareness with facts and data. Data analytics can be a powerful tool to help governments run more efficiently and effectively. But some challenges are also there. Data analytics are only as good as the data itself. As states and localities focus ever more intently on information gathering and analysis, there’s a crucial question that frequently is not being asked: How good is our data? In totality D-governance concept with big data analytics, will have positive impact on controlling cost and enhances data sharing to increase productivity by analysing data and finding loops holes. The high-tech and high-spun image of big-time analytics, promoted both by its corporate advocates and true believers, promises ingenuity, efficiency, accuracy, prediction and a previously unheard-of frontier in quick data-driven decisions. Surely, state and local governments can use analytics to relieve traffic congestion, monitor public utilities,

evaluate and predict crime, follow education trends, and keep tabs on public resources.

References[1] David Zax, “Is Personal Data the New

Currency?” MIT Technology Review, November 30, 2011” http://www.technologyreview.com/view/426235/is-personal-data-the-new-currency/

[2] Big data, Wikipedia, accessed on Jan 3, 2016 at 7:50 PM https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data

[3] Digital India, Accessed on 23rd Jan 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_India

[4] Jason Shueh, “Big Data Could Bring Governments Big Benefits” h t t p : //w w w. g o v t e c h . c o m / l i b r a r y/p a p e rs / B i g - Da t a - a n d -A n a l y t i c s - i n -Government-1554.html

[5] Sachin Kumar, Saibal K Pal, “Empirically developed integrated ICT framework for PDS in developing countries”, Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2013 Third World Congress on, pp: 235-240, IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4799-3230-6, 2013.

[6] Sachin Kumar, Saibal K Pal, “ICT Integrated Social Media Framework for Consumer Awareness in Society Using ICT tools”, IEEE/ACIS 13th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS), pp: 229 - 233, IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4799-3230-6, 2014.

[7] Sachin Kumar, Saibal K Pal, “A New Sustainable Prototype USP for Education Information System”, International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Computational Analysis and Knowledge Management: Third World Congress on, pp: 174-179, ISBN: 978-1-4799-8432-9, 2015, 2015.

[8] Doug Adamson “Big Data in Healthcare Made Simple: Where It Stands Today and Where It’s Going” https://www.healthcatalyst.com/big-data-in-healthcare-made-simple

[9] By Stacey Schneider, “Examples of Big Data Making a Big Impact on Healthcare This Week”, October 02, 2013 https://blog.pivotal.io/pivotal/p-o-v/3-examples-of-big-data-making-a-big-impact-on-healthcare-this-week

[10] IBM. Data Driven Healthcare Organizations Use Big Data Analytics for Big Gains. 2013.

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Mr. Sachin Kumar is currently Research Scholar with University of Delhi. His area of interest includes data mining, Machine learning, big data, E-Governance and Information Technology Systems. He has over 15 publications at National and International forums. He can be reached at [email protected]

Dr. Ram Pal Singh is currently Associate Professor in computer science with Department of Computer Science, DDUC, University of Delhi, Delhi, India and his current research interests include, machine learning, intelligent watermarking/information hiding, image processing and soft-computing.

Dr. Saibal K. Pal [CSI-00917125] is Scientist ‘G’ in SAG Lab, Defense Research & Development Organization and has keen interest in Data Mining, Multimedia Data Processing and E-Governance. He has over 100 publications at national and international forums.

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The ability to process Natural language inputs is an important requirement for any intelligent

machine, more so if it has to pass the Turing Test effectively. Today, with the deluge of natural language data generated through social networks and World Wide Web there is a compelling need to devise efficient techniques to process such data.

The Educational sector where vast amounts of natural language content is available in the form of scientific publications, online course material and digital repositories is a classic example of a domain which would profit immensely from the usage of effective Natural language Processing (NlP) techniques. Some of the popular educational applications based on NlP are Plagiarism detection, Automated Assessment, Document Summarization and Automatic Question Generation & Answer Extraction.

Plagiarism DetectionPlagiarism can be termed as the unauthorized reuse of content or ideas without giving due credit to the original authors. Plagiarism detection systems focus on ensuring the originality of text content. Such systems are categorized as intrinsic and external detectors[1]. Intrinsic detectors attempt to identify plagiarism by analysing the writing style variations within a single document. Extrinsic detectors compare a suspicious document against a large set of source documents and identify the plagiarized portions, if any, by first choosing a set of candidate source documents and then assessing similarity between the suspicious document and identified candidates.

Some forms of Text reuse such as Content Scraping where portions of text are simply copied from the source are easy to detect. A more complex albeit frequent form of plagiarism involves paraphrasing of original content. A paraphrase is an alternate way of conveying the same information typically by insertion, deletion, rewording or substitution of text components. This form of text

reuse cannot be detected using simple text matching systems and calls for the usage of efficient Semantic Equivalence Assessment systems.

Recently, the PAN-PC competitions have generated considerable interest in this domain and have led to the development of several successful systems, which work on large-scale document collections. Some of the approaches used include winnowing, hash function computation, finger-printing and exact matching at various levels such as character-n-grams, word-n-grams and sentences[2]. Plagiarism detectors capable of handling sophisticated plagiarism usually characterize unstructured documents using various categories of textual features such as lexical, syntactic, and semantic. Fuzzy approaches and Semantic features which depend on a thesaurus like WordNet to typify word relationships are most successful. Therefore, efficient NlP techniques are needed to counter the threat posed by Plagiarism and ensure academic integrity and authenticity.

Automated AssessmentThe evaluation of open ended student responses forms an important and challenging part of learning. Automated Student Answer evaluation systems can act as a viable alternative to manual evaluation by saving human effort and also possess the advantage of ensuring fair assessment. However, the unstructured nature of student responses and the possibility of expressing the same concept in several ways pose challenges to automated evaluation mechanisms. Advances in Natural language Processing and Information Extraction open up the possibility of developing such mechanisms. The flexibility offered by Intelligent Tutoring systems and the popularity of online courses have further boosted the need for automatic evaluation systems. Depending on the type of input handled, Computer Based Assessment Systems may be classified as

Short Answer Grading systems and Essay Grading systems.Some of the popular approaches used in Answer Evaluation systems include[3]:

• latent Semantic Analysis which follows a Bag-of-Words approach ignoring the word order information

• Word to word similarity and n-gram overlap

• Information Extraction, wherein a set of rules or patterns are associated with a question which define the various ways of answering it.

• Recognition of Text Entailment where the correct answer is expected to be entailed from the reference answer

Automated Evaluation systems are expected to alleviate the burden of human evaluators. It will also make the evaluation process objective by eliminating biases and inter-evaluator variations.

Document SummarizationA tool which can summarize a lengthy lesson into a few meaningful lines would indeed be a boon to any student. Summarization systems which provide concise and meaningful summaries of large text documents adopt two popular alternatives - Abstraction and Extraction. Abstractive Summarization systems build summaries by identifying the key concepts in the document and framing summary sentences. Extractive systems on the other hand rely on frequency based keyword spotting and concatenate portions of text containing the keywords to generate the summary. Automated summarization systems typically provide different levels of summarization to suit user preferences. This achieves special significance in the educational domain by catering to various levels of learners.

Multi-document summarization where content from multiple documents has to be summarized is more challenging, as redundant portions have to be eliminated before generating the final summary. Tools which provide graphical

Educational Applications of Natural Language Processing

A. ChitraProfessor and Head, Department of Computer Applications

PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore

G. AnupriyaAssociate Prof, Dept. of CSE, Dr. Mahalingam College of

Engineering and Technology, Pollachi

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representations of the concepts in a document will also benefit learners in organizing the content and helping to build and refine mind-maps for better learning.

Question Generation and Answer ExtractionThe objective of a Question Generation system is to generate questions from a passage of text. The questions generated by these systems can range from simple factual questions of the ‘Wh’ type to more complex questions. Question Generation systems predominantly employ Semantic role labelling techniques that identify the semantic roles within a sentence which are then used to convert the sentences available in the text to questions[4]. Automated Question Generation aids both the teacher as well as the learner in assessment and self evaluation respectively. Answer Extraction system is another allied tool which helps to extract answers from text by content analysis. For

Factoid questions, which can be answered by locating the correct entity, the relevant passages are first retrieved; matching entities are then identified and ranked to answer the question.

These applications clearly highlight the vital role of Natural language Processing techniques in Education. The increasing popularity of online courses and the accompanying challenges pose an imminent need for efficient tools. Of the four applications discussed above, the first two are focussed on Natural language Understanding while the later two involve Natural language Generation methods. Machine learning techniques are a promising avenue to be explored for the success of all these tools.

References[1] Alzahrani, S, Salim, N & Abraham,

A 2011, ‘Understanding Plagiarism linguistic Patterns, Textual

Features and Detection Methods’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 133-149.

[2] Potthast, M, Eiselt, A, Barrón-Cedeño, A, Stein, B & Rosso, P 2011, ‘Overview of the 3rd International Competition on Plagiarism Detection’, in: Notebook Papers of ClEF 2011 labs and Workshops, eds. V Petras & P Clough, Amsterdam.

[3] Chitra, A & Anupriya Rajkumar 2013, ‘Genetic Algorithm based Feature Selection for Paraphrase Recognition’, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 135007.1-17.

[4] Heilman, M 2011, ‘Automatic factual question generation from text’ (Doctoral dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University).

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Dr. A. Chitra [CSI-10612] is working as Professor and Head of the Department of Computer Applications, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. She has published three books and around 75 papers in International / National Journals and Conferences. Dr. Chitra is Principal Investigator for several sponsored R&D projects. She is a recipient of Tamil Nadu Young Women Scientist Award and ISTE National Award for Outstanding Academician. She can be reached at [email protected].

Dr. G. Anupriya is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. Her areas of interest include: Natural Language Processing, Soft Computing and Information Retrieval.

About the Authors

CSI Student Branch Reconstitution The School of Computer Science & Engineering, NIST Behrampur organized a function in the institute auditorium to celebrate reopening of its Student branch on 20 February 2016.

The theme of the event was Internet of Things (IoT).

The dignitaries of the program included Dr. Durgamadhab Mishra, Professor, Associate-Chair for Graduate Studies as the Chief Guest, Mr. Sanjay Mohapatra, Honorary Secretary CSI as the Guest of Honour, Mr. Amit Chandra Kesh, R&D, Infosys, Bhubaneswar and Prof. (Dr.) Rachita

Mishra, CVRCE as distinguished speakers, Dr. Brojo Kishore Mishra, the State Student Coordinator, CSI among others. The event was attended by around 200 students from our institute as well as other other institutes.

The day was inaugurated with a splendid ceremonial lamp lighting with an inaugural address by our founding Director, Prof. Sangram Mudal. On this day two competitive events were held, namely poster presentation (IoT) and a quiz on general computing.

The day was closed with a cultural program and finally the closing session included a prize and certificate distribution ceremony.

Dr. Diptendu Sinha Roy, the NIST CSI Student Branch Councellor was the Convenor of the program.

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C o V E r S t o r Y

Apache OpenNLP(A Command Line Approach)

A. BharanidharanAsst. Prof., Dept. of CSE, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu

P r a C t I t I o n E r w o r K b E n C h

OpenNlP is an Open Source library for processing Natural language texts using inbuilt machine learning tools. It is a Toolkit from Apache Software Foundation to support

the most common Natural language Processing tasks, such as tokenization, sentence detection and Name Finding. This library can be downloaded from the apache mirror site http://mirror.fibergrid.in/apache/opennlp/opennlp-1.5.3. This demonstration uses opennlp version 1.5.3. The binary tar file “apache-opennlp-1.5.3-bin.tar.gz” is extracted and located under “/usr/local/apache-opennlp-1.5.3” directory of Ubuntu linux.

It is necessary to download the pre-trained models for the OpenNlP 1.5 series from the site http://opennlp.sourceforge.net/models-1.5/. The following pre-trained models are used for tokenizing, Sentence detection and Name Finding in the English language texts.

This is going to be demonstrated on Ubuntu 12.04 lTS linux system as follows:The Figure below shows the English language text file “inp_sentence.txt” used for testing the openNlP Tools for the entire sequence of activity.

First Step: Test the command opennlp in linux under the location /usr/local/apache-opennlp-1.5.3/bin1. Tokenization:Tokenizer segments input character sequence into tokens. Tokens are usually words, punctuation, numbers, etc.The result of the SimpleTokenizer tool with input text file

“Inp_setence.txt” is shown below.

2. Sentence Detection:The Sentence Detector detects each sentence based on the punctuation symbols like Dot (.) and Question mark (?).The result of the SentenceDetector Tool using the pre-trained model en-sent.bin is shown below.

3. Name Finder: ( Finding Location)The Name Finder can detect named entities and numbers in text like famous persons, locations and organizations in the world. We need to have Pre-trained models to detect entities. The example below shows finding the location in a file “inp_sentence.txt” by using the model en-ner-location.bin. The locations are marked like this <START:location> India <END>. The below command is actually pipelining of both Tokenizing and TokenNameFinding using Tools TokenizerME and TokenNameFinder respectively.

4. Name Finder: ( Finding Person)The example below shows finding the person in a file “inp_sentence.txt” by using the model en-ner-person.bin. The persons are marked like this <START:person> Bill Gates <END>. The below command is actually pipelining of both Tokenizing and TokenNameFinding using Tools TokenizerME and TokenNameFinder respectively.

Tokenizer: Trained on opennlp training data – en-token.binSentence Trained on opennlp training data – en-sent.bin Detector:Name Finder: location name finder model – en-ner-location.binName Finder: Person name finder model – en-ner-person.binName Finder: Organization name – en-ner-organization.bin finder model


C o V E r S t o r Y

5. Name Finder: ( Finding Organization)The example below shows finding the organizations in a file “inp_sent.txt” by using the model en-ner-organization.bin. The results are marked like this <START:organization> Intel <END>. The below command is actually pipelining of both

Tokenizing and TokenNameFinding using Tools TokenizerME and TokenNameFinder respectively.

P r a C t I t I o n E r w o r K b E n C h

Mr. A.Bharanidharan [CSI-I1503054] is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He has rich hands on experience in Algorithms, PHP programming, Apache Hadoop, Arduino, Raspberry Pi. He handled around 12 workshops in the domain of Distributed computing, Big Data Analytics with Hadoop, Internet of Things at various Engineering colleges around Tamilnadu. He can be reached at [email protected].

About the Author

Inauguration Ceremony of Amravati ChapterThe Computer Society of India Amravati Chapter was inaugurated on 1st April, 2016 at MBA Hall, Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati by the auspicious hands of Dr. Anirban Basu, Vice President and President Elect, CSI.Dr. V. S. Sapkal, Vice Chancellor of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University was the chief guest. Dr. S. S. Sane Regional Vice President –Region VI (Maharashtra & Goa),Dr. Ms. Manali Kshirsagar, VicePresident CSI Nagpur Chapter, Dr. Sidhartha ladhake, Dr. Gajendra Bamnote, Dean, faculty of Engineering

and Technology Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University were present on the dias. Dr. S. A. ladhake welcomed all the guests and the invitees. Dr. S. S. Sane informed about the activities of CSI and declared the Adhoc committee.Dr. G. R. Bamnote accepted the nomination assuring to promote the objectives and goals of CSI, abide by the Code of Ethics of the Computer Society of India (CSI) by maintaining high standards of integrity and professionalism. He thanked the President of CSI Prof. Bipin Mehta and the ExecCom for granting permission for the Amravati Chapter. Dr. Ms Manali Kshirsagar wished the chapter a great success and extended all the support on behalf of Nagpur Chapter.The website of Amravati Chapter www.csiamravati.in was inaugurated by Dr. V. S. Sapkal, Vice Chancellor of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. He explained the role of professional societies and opportunities. Dr Anirban Basu in his presidential speech informed the members about the future plans of CSI. He stressed on improving CSI conferences and to create awareness about CSI. Dr. Nikko N. Khalsa and Prof. Ms. Sonam Chauhan conducted the program and Dr. Vijay Gulhane proposed the vote of thanks.


Crossword »Test your knowledge on Smart CitySolution to the crossword with name of first all correct solution provider(s) will appear in the next issue. Send your answer to CSI Communications at email address [email protected] and cc to [email protected] with subject: Crossword Solution – CSIC May Issue.

Solution to April 2016 Crossword

CLUESACROSS2. The technology that can provide location based services6. The processes and restrictions followed during communication7. The technology that helps uniue identification based on

electromagnetic or electrostatic signal coupling10. Feature that allows data to flow between different technologies

of the city12. Interconnection of uniquely identifiable devices over the

Internet13. local organizations and individuals delivering city functions

DOWN1. Verification of correct device or person3. A device which acquires data from the environment4. Related with a particular location5. Everywhere8. An open source framework for big data9. Capability of handling variable size needs11. The group formed by ITU-T for quick development of

specification

We are overwhelmed by the response and solutions received from our enthusiastic readers

Congratulations!All Correct answers to April 2016 month’s crossword

received from the following reader:

Dr. Sandhya Arora, Assistant Professor, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune

Did you know?

• TheurbanpopulationinIndiawas25%in1990androseto32%in2014.

• UrbanpopulationinUSAis81%,inJapan93%,andinBelgium98%.

• Urban population in Sri Lanka is18%,inNepal18%.

• 54%ofworldpopulationlivesinurbanareas(expectedtoincrease66%by2050).

• Currentworldpopulationis7.3billionandexpectedtobe9.7billionin2050.

Sources:www.un.org,data.worldbank.orgRashidSheikhAssociate Professor, Sri Aurobindo Institute ofTechnologyIndore

b r a I n t E a S E r

Dr. Durgesh Kumar Mishra, Chairman, CSI Division IV Communications, Professor (CSE) and Director Microsoft Innovation Center, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore


F r o M C h a P t E r S a n d d I V I S I o n S

Chandigarh Chapter

Foundation Day of Computer Society of India (CSI) was celebrated by Chandigarh Chapter on March 12, 2016 (Saturday), at IETE Building, Sector-30-B, Chandigarh.

Professor (Dr.) R.K. Sinha, Director CSIR-CSIO Chandigarh was the Chief Guest on the occasion. Hony. Secretary Sh. Subhash Chander Jain welcomed the dignitaries and students and briefed about foundation day of CSI. Wg. Cdr. D.N. Misra, Chairman, CSI Chandigarh Chapter welcome and appreciated all present for joining on this Foundation day of CSI. He further explained importance of ICT in coming times to improve further our life styles. As a part of Golden Jubilee Year of CSI, the foundation day started with a power point presentation on Vision and Mission of CSI by Sh. D.S. Chhabra, Vice Chairman, CSI Chandigarh Chapter. Then an Invited talk on a very new concept “SMAC” was delivered by Dr. RS Zandu, IT Strategy and Programme Management Consultant, london, an eminent Scholar and professional in the field of IT. The topic *SMAC* (Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) .SMAC (Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) is the concept that four technologies are currently driving the business operations and innovation to provide better customer services at minimal cost. The talk was well received by the audience.Second part of the event was the Technical Paper Reading Contest among various Student Branches of CSI in various Engineering Colleges of Punjab and Himachal. Topic given was “Innovations in ICT”.Six teams with 3 students in each team participated hailing from 1) Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 2) DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jalandhar ,and 3) Thaper Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala. Student gave excellent presentation both in content and concept wise. Usefulness of ICT in improving our healthcare facilities and record keeping and also how it can be implemented in Education System for better future was very well brought out. Three best teams were selected by the judges for cash awards. Sh. Vinay Kumar, Hony. Treasurer CSI Chandigarh Chapter proposed a formal vote of thanks.

Hyderabad Chapter

CSI Hyderabad has conducted “Cyber Space Defence Summit 2016” on 29th March 2016 at DRDl Auditorium. This is historical moment for CSI to conduct Cyber Security summit

at the birth Place of CSI India. We got 450 plus registration for this summit and invited around 350 guest to attend. It was proud response of 300 plus invitee to attended the summit.

Many eminent speakers shared their views on current Cyber Threat and mitigation. Some of the eminent speakers are Prof. Rajat Moona, Director General CDAC, Shri G. T. Venkateshwar Rao, Special Commissioner E-Governance, Govt. of Telangana. Many Top IT company and Institutions Representative had shared their views on Cyber Security, Some of the company are :DRDO, IBM, WIPRO, ECIl, CDOT, IIIT.CSI Hyderabad Chairman, Shri Guatam Mahapatra and Vice Chairman, Shri P. Sudhakar had lead this historical event to the successful stage. They had given Vision and huge opportunity road map in cyber security space for industry and IT professional.CSI Hyderabad renovated office inauguration was done by Chief Guest, Shri G. T. Venkateshwar Rao IRS and Special commissioner. This new office is IT enabled with all IT facility to cater need of IT enabled India vision of CSI India. CSI thanks to Shri Gautam Mahapatra for his dedicated efforts for this renovated office.CSI India Vice President, Shri Sanjay Mohapatra and CSI Region V RVP Shri Raju Kanchibotla had shared journey and Vision of CSI for India.CSI Hyderabad Secretary Shri Rajeev Ranjan Kumar has presented Vote of thanks to the Chief Guest, Speakers, Delegates, invited Guest and Organizing committee for this cyber space defence summit.

Mysuru Chapter

Technical Talk on Android Application Development was conducted by CSI Mysuru Chapter in association with The Institution of Engineers(India), Mysore local Centre on

21st March 2016. Karthik G., Managing Director, VSF Software Solutions, Mysuru spoke on the occasion and in a very simple way explained the concept of Android programming with live examples. The students of various engineering colleges, Corporate Members of IEI and CSI members attended. Dr. UdhyaShankar, Chairman, IEI, Er. Dhanalakshmi, Hon. Secretary, IEI, Er. A.S. Satish, Past Chairman, IEI and Council Member, Er. Rampur Srinath, Chairman, CSI Mysuru Chapter, Er. Aruna Devi, Hon. Secretary, CSI Mysuru Chapter, Er. Anita Venkatesh, Er. Kiran B. N., Dr. Sudhakar A M and


other EC & MC were present. Er. Dhanalakshmi welcomed and introduced the speaker. Dr. Udhyashankar and Rampur Srinath felicitated the speaker. Aruna Devi proposed vote of thanks.

Nashik Chapter

CSI Nashik Chapter organized a session on Internet of Things on 18th April, 2016. Dr. R. S. Tiwari (Chief Guest) explained importance and advantages of Internet of

Things (IOT) during his lecture. This program was attended by 50 participants.

Patna Chapter

The Department of MCA, Patna Women’s College in technical collaboration with the Computer Society of India, Patna Chapter organized One Day Students’

Convention on “Revolution in Information Technology” on the 10th of March, 2016. The Convention was organised with a view to provide the young minds an opportunity to explore various aspects of “Revolution in IT”. The basic motto behind this convention was to promote participation and competition skills among the students and help them develop an attitude that will prepare them for the forthcoming challenges in IT World.

The convention was inaugurated by lighting of the lamp. Prof. Bhawna Sinha Head, Department of MCA welcomed the guests and gave welcome speech. She stated that this convention would result in significant enhancement in the knowledge of all the students. The Chief Guest was Prof. A. K. Nayak, Chairman, Publication Committee & National Secretary (Elect), Computer Society of India. The Guest Speakers, Mr. Shailesh Srivastava, Technical Director,

NIC Patna and State GIS Coordinator, Bihar and Dr. Prabhat Kumar, Asst. Prof. and PG Coordinator (CSE Dept.), NIT, Patna addressed the convention. Md. Shams Raza, State Student Coordinator was the Chairman of the convention and Ms. Anchala Kumari, Head, Dept. of Statistics was the Guest of Honour.Prof. Sushmita Chakraborty, Assistant Professor cum Assistant Coordinator, Deptt. of MCA extended Vote of Thanks. The Teachers present on the occasion were Prof. R. N. Mishra Coordinator, MCA Course Patna University, Mr. Praveen Kumar, Ms. Samta Sinha, Ms. Shrutee Pareesha, Ms. Sidrah Jamal and Mr. Amitabh.

CSI Patna Chapter organized one day state level workshop on “Software Specification & Design for Robotics Systems” On 13th March, 2016 at Xavier

Institute of Computer Science, Patna. Workshop was inaugurated with prayer and welcome address by Fr. Jose S.J., followed with inaugural address by chief guest Prof.(Dr.) A. K. Nayak, National Secretary elect. CSI. Also it was addressed by Shri Shailesh Shrivastava (TD NIC, Bihar), Prof. D. K. Singh (Dean NIT, Patna) , Prof. Bhawna Sinha, Mr. Shams Raza as invited speakers and addressed by Fr. Jacob O, Principal St. Xaviers, Patna, then in the technical session, a workshop was conducted by Mr. Uday Kant Arayan.Workshop was attended by approx 20 Coordinators & Faculties of CS & IT and 60 students & research scholars of IGNOU, Patna Women College, Science College, Patna, Magadh Mahila College Patna, and other colleges of Bihar. All the participant have enlightened with the concepts of new technological developments in Robotics.Participants were specially informed about CSI and its objectives by Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Nayak in his inaugural address. Mr. Purnendu Narayan, Hony. Secretary, CSI, Patna Chapter, proposed the Vote of Thanks.

Rajkot Chapter

A Three Day Workshop on Internet of Things (IoT) with comprehensive hands on was conducted by Computer Society of India, Rajkot Chapter from 4th April 2016

to 6th April 2016. The workshop comprised of theoretical



discussions, practical demonstrations, followed by hands on by participants. 24 participants attended this session. Five trainers from academic and industry collaboratively delivered this session.

Prof. Bhavesh Javani, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Computer Applications, MEFGI started the session explaining about what is IoT, principles and significance of IoT, research challenges for IoT, Opportunities with IoT, etc. Prof. Chirag Gohel & Prof. Navjotsinh Jadeja explained the Architecture of Raspberry Pi in second half of Day-1.Mr. Ramesh & Mr. Chintan from NKonnect: The Development team explained various Python codes to deal with sensors & devices connected to GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi like – DC motor, temperature humidity sensor, motion detector. Dr. R. Sridaran: Former Chairman, CSI Rajkot Chapter, Dean MCA Dept. MEFGI Rajkot gave the concluding speech. All participants received certificates for their participation, at the end. Prof. Bhavesh Javani concluded the session with vote of thanks.

Three hour seminar was arranged by Computer Society of India, Rajkot Chapter on 4 April 2016. In the light of recently happened Woman’s Day on “Women’s Empowerment”. Overall 50 girl students of MCA department MEFGI attended this session. Mrs. Geeta Patel from Mumbai CSI guided and motivated the students. Prof. Disha Parekh: Faculty of MCA department MEFGI introduced the speaker to the audience.

Trivandrum Chapter

Computer Society of India, Trivandrum Chapter in association with The Institution of Engineers (India), Kerala State Centre and Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM) conducted a one day

‘Seminar on Innovation & Entrepreneurship Development’ at Visvesvaraya Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram on 6 Feb. 2016.

Prof. K. Babu. Vice Chairman, CSI Trivandrum Chapter welcomed the gathering. Er. V. Vijayakumar, Chairman, IEI Kerala State Centre presided over the inaugural session and delivered the presidential address. Dr. Jayasankar Prasad, CEO, KSUM and Director, ICFOSS inaugurated the seminar and delivered the keynote address. Mr. Rajesh P., MC member, CSI Trivandrum Chapter proposed the vote of thanks.The valedictory function was held after the seminar. Mr. Vishnukumar S., Secretary, CSI Trivandrum Chapter welcomed the gathering. Prof. (Dr.) M. Abdul Rahiman, Pro Vice Chancellor, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University addressed the audience and he distributed the certificates to the participants. Er. K. Sarat Kumar, Honorary Secretary, IEI Kerala State Centre proposed the vote of thanks.

Computer Society of India, Trivandrum Chapter conducted a National Workshop on ‘Recent Trends in Big Data Analytics’ on 27th February 2016 at Hotel Vivanta by Taj. Dr. M. Saravanan, Senior Researcher, Ericsson India Global Services Pvt. ltd. and Mr. Meenakshi Sarveswran, Member, Ericsson Development Team were the faculties of the workshop. The workshop was attended by delegates from different government organizatios and various IT companies.

Vellore Chapter



CSI Vellore Chapter organized one day workshop on “Ambient Intelligence “on 12-03-2016 at VIT University. Mr. Ramalinga Pillai, Senior Design Analyst from Advanced Materials India

Pvt. ltd, Chennai covered Introduction ambient intelligence, various sensors, working with sensor data, convergence of technologies for Big Data around 45 faculty members attended the workshop, organized by Prof. G. Jagadeesh and Prof. K.Govinda.

CSI Vellore Chapter organized a two day’s workshop on “Internet of Things “on 26-03-2016 and 27-03-2016 at VIT University. Mr. Rovin Jain, Senior Business Analyst from Antuit India Pvt.ltd, Bangalore covered Introduction internet of things, different sensors, data storage over cloud and business analytics over cloud and working with statistical tools and applications, around 50 CSI life members attended the workshop, organized by Prof. G. Jagadeesh and Prof. K.Govinda.

Region - I

The 10th edition of INDIACom i.e. INDIACom - 2016, 2016 3rd International Conference on “Computing for Sustainable Global Development” was organized by Bharati Vidyapeeth

Institute of Computer Applications and Management (BVICAM), New Delhi during 16th – 18th March, 2016. The conference was technically sponsored by IEEE (USA) Delhi Section and was patronized by CSI Region – I and CSI Divisions – I, II, III, IV & V, IETE Delhi Centre, IET (UK) Delhi local Networks and ISTE Delhi Section.The inauguration of the three days conference was done on 16th March, 2016. Prof. M. N. Hoda, Director, BVICAM, New Delhi & General Chair, INDIACom-2016 briefed the audience about the history of 10 editions of INDIACom, since its inception in the year 2007 and presented a brief report of INDIACom - 2016. Shri R. K. Vyas, National Hony. Treasurer, CSI, acknowledged the presence of all the dignitaries and talked about how CSI has been associated with INDIACom since its inception and is open to honest feedback for further improvement. Prof. Mini Thomas, Chairman, IEEE Delhi Section, appreciated the huge success of the event and also acknowledged the contributions of BVICAM, New Delhi, towards the activities of IEEE Delhi Section, through her message. Prof. A. K. Saini, Professor, GGSIP University, New Delhi, has applauded the success of the INDIACom team year after year, in last ten years. Dr. A. K. Nayak, Chairman, Publications Committee and incoming National Hony. Secretary, CSI, has also graced the occasion. He discussed, at length, different dimensions of sustainable computing,

particularly issues related to carbon footprints, healthcare and their related future innovations. Mr. Jeetan Singh, CEO, High Point learning (USA) was the Guest of Honour. He sensitized the young generation about their immense potential, which can be utilized in a big way for the sustainable computing applications. Prof. Hadi Hedayati, Vice Chancellor, Kabul University, Afghanistan, was the Guest of Honour. He discussed with the audience how sustainable computing applications can turn around the fate of the country at a much faster pace, besides adversaries, the inbuilt challenges and constraints of the system. Prof. Zainab Abu Bakar, Professor, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University Technology, Mara, Malaysia, was the Guest of Honour. She emphasized upon the collaborative research, maximizing the benefits to the research community. Professor Mohammad Yamin, Chair, Research Committee, Dept. of Management Information System, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Kind Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was the Guest of Honour. He was also the convener of the 2nd international workshop on Information Engineering and Management (IWIEM 2016), being organized by him along with the INDIACom-2016, under Track # 05, having participants and authors from over 10 countries. Prof. Tamas Gedeon, Head, Human Centered Computing, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, was the Chief Guest. He presented a detailed case study on sustainable computing applications. He discussed that how the research impact can be enhanced by taking some basic care for a better and greener society. The Inaugural Session was presided over by Prof. K. K. Aggarwal, Noted academician and Founder Vice Chancellor, GGSIP University, New Delhi, Past President, Fellow and life Time Achievement Awardee of CSI, who expressed his appreciation to see the event growing immensely over the years. He shared his views on the importance of computing in a students’ life and that the education system should be open to accept students’ alternatives of solutions to encourage logical thinking and nurturing innovations & creativity. The pre-conference hard copy of the proceedings for INDIACom-2016; were released by the dignitaries during the inaugural session. Dignitaries also released the soft copy of the conference proceedings. The 15th issue of the BIJIT; BVICAM’s International Journal of Information Technology, a refereed and indexed international journal having ISSN 0973-5658, was also released on the occasion. Mrs. Anukiran Jain, Convener of the local Organizing Committee, presented the vote of thanks. The inaugural session concluded on the Cultural Evening having series of nerve breaking cultural items performed by the students of BVICAM, New Delhi. The session was anchored and co-ordinated by Mrs. Parul Arora, Associate Professor, BVICAM, New Delhi.INDIACom – 2016; the 10th edition of this annual conference, attracted over 2600 papers, by over 5000 authors form over 22 countries. After a series of tough review exercises, in multiple cycles, by a team of over 900 experts; 930 papers were recommended to be accepted for presentation in INDIACom – 2016 during the three days under ten parallel tracks (including the poster sessions). Over 1200 Senior experts / researchers delegates from countries like USA, Australia, Greece, Spain, Malaysia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, China, UK, Denmark, Romania, Ireland, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Spain, Ghana, Japan, Oman, Afghanistan, etc., and from all the


states of India have participated during the three days of the event. A chosen set of 260 papers have been published in the hard copy of the proceedings with ISSN 0973-7529 and ISBN 978-93-80544-19-9 serials. All the 930 papers have also been published in the soft copy of the proceedings, available on the web-portal of the Institute at http://bvicam.ac.in/indiacom/. A Panel discussion was organized on the evening of 17th March, 2016 based on the theme “Digital India”; an initiative undertaken by the Government of India, which includes creation of digital infrastructure, delivering services digitally and digital literacy. The Panel Discussion was moderated by Prof. A. K. Nayak, Chairman, Publications Committee, CSI. Other panelists for the session were Justice Talwant Singh, District and Sessions Judge, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Mr. V. K. Gupta, IET (UK) and Dr. S. K. Yadav, Pro Chancellor, JJT University and Dr. Anup Girdhar, CMD, Sedulity Solutions, New Delhi. Based upon the detailed and multidimensional deliberations in different sessions in three days, during Valedictory session, it was concluded that to achieve the inclusive and sustainable development for a diverse nation like India, the power and potential of the computing, in general and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), in particular need to be harnessed to its fullest, in all focal areas related to the development having special focus on the 05 critical areas namely (1) Agriculture and food processing, (2) Education & Healthcare (3) Reliable & Quality Electric Power, (4) Hard & Soft Infrastructural Development and (5) Seamless & effective last mile delivery of the services to the citizens. It was further concluded that considering the present ecosystem, in which more than 800 million people in India alone and over 03 billion people globally are living in villages, any mission towards achieving sustainable global development will not generate fruitful result unless the applications of computing reaches to the most underprivileged and deprived section of the society, living in the villages. The concept of PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas), conceptualized by our beloved former President of India; late Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, needs to strengthen in a big way, at all level.Over 1400 guests from different parts of the country and abroad, including 128 session chairs and invited speakers participated in 03 days of the conference. Finally, on the last day of the conference, 18th March, 2016; it was concluded at the Valedictory Session and inauguration of 09th National Students’ Convention (NSC), which was enjoyed by all the guests and students of BVICAM, New Delhi. All the

organizing entities also resolved to organized 11th INDIACom i.e. INDIACom-2017 during 01st – 03rd March, 2017, in Delhi itself.

Division - I

On Saturday, 5th March 2016, Department of IT, I.T.S Mohan Nagar Ghaziabad organized 11th National IT Conference on “Next Generation Technologies for

e-Business, e-Education and e-Society” in association with Computer Society of India (CSI), Division-I and sponsored by Netedge Technology Pvt. ltd. and International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), New York, USA. Conference was formally inaugurated in the gracious presence of Sh. Arpit Chadha, Vice Chairman, I.T.S – The Education Group; Chief Guest, Sh. Rakesh Malik, MD, Combine Ways & Former Vice President, Siemens; Key Note Speakers Sh. Harshdeep Marwah, Country Manager, Verizon Enterprises Solutions & Sh. Aniruddha Sen, Enterprise Strategic Advisor, Microsoft India; Sh. Surendra Sood, Chief Administrator, I.T.S – The Education Group; Dr. Sunil Kumar Pandey, Director IT, I.T.S Ghaziabad; Invited Guests, Delegates, and Faculty Members. The proceedings of Conference, containing accepted research papers, was also released during inaugural session. The newly set-up video conferencing facility was also inaugurated at I.T.S Ghaziabad on the same day, wherein all the dignitaries and faculty members were present. Prof. Rakesh Roshan, Co-Convener, NGTBES-2016 presented a brief about the Conference and Prof. Saurabh Saxena, Co-Convener, NGTBES-2016 was the MOC for inaural session. Dr. Sunil Kr. Pandey, Director-IT & Convener NGTBES-2016, welcomed the eminent speakers and guests. He presented an outline of latest happenings in the arena of technological developments and how these developments are impacting business, education and society. He reinforced that technology should reach to all without prejudice. It should be used for the benefit of all strata of society. Conference received papers from authors affiliating to premier institutes like IIT, reputed companies and other universities covering various states of country such as Karnataka, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi etc.


Guidelines of Sending CSI Activity Report

• Student Branch activity Report : send to: [email protected] with a copy to [email protected]

The report should be brief within 50 words highlighting the achievements and with a photograph with a resolution higher than 300 DPI.

• Chapter activity Report: send to: [email protected] report should be within 100 words highlighting the objective and clearly discussing the benefits to CSI Members. It should be accompanied by a photograph with a resolution higher than 300 DPI.


F r o M S t u d E n t b r a n C h E S

REGION - I REGION - IIK R MANGALAM UNIVERSITY, GURGAON HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALDIA

8-3-2016 – Prof. S S Agarwal & Prof. K. K. Aggarwal during CSI Day Celebrations

3-3-2016 – Workshop on Android Apps Development

REGION - IIIACROPOLIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INDORE MODY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, LAKSHMANGARH

18-3-2016 – Industrial visit at Tata International limited 8-3-2016 – Student Branch Inauguration

REGION-III REGION-IVAESICS-CSI STUDENT BRANCH, AHMEDABAD SILICON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

28 &29-3-2016 – Prof. Bipin Mehta, Director, AESICS during valedictory function of the workshop

3 to 5-3-2016 – Prof. Patnaik, Prof. Baral, Prof. Misra & Mr. Dhall during Inauguration of Annual TechFest (NOESIS)

REGION-IVFAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY, BALASORE FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY, BALASORE

12-3-2016 – National Seminar on Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications

2-4-2016 - Seminar on Security Aspects in Ethernet Environment


C o V E r S t o r Y

REGION-IV REGION-VGANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECH, GUNUPUR GSSS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, MYSURU

25 & 26-3-2016 – two days workshop on IOT 2-4-2016 - Technical Talk on Android Programming

REGION-VSTANLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, HYDERABAD STANLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN, HYDERABAD

24-3-2016 – One day event on Dare to Win 29 & 30-3-2016 – Two days workshop on Programming with C++

REGION-VG PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KURNOOL LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYLAVARAM

26 & 27-3-2016 - Dr. Nageswara Rao, Dr. Prem Kumar and Mr. Aditya Sai during Two day National level workshop on Simulation of Computer

Networks

21-3-2016 – Seminar on Visualization of Data Structures

REGION-VRAJA RAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BELGAUM

2-4-2016 – National level Convention on SAMSHODHAN ’16 6-4-2016 – Prof. Praveen Chitti, Ms. Aruna Devi, Dr. Vishwanath, Dr. Chidanand Gowda, Ms. Anita & Prof. Dharwadkar during Student

Branch Inauguration



REGION-VATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSORE VASAVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HYDERABAD

31-3-2016 – Mr. Venkatesh, Prof. Veerandra Kumar, Mr. Rampur Srinath, Dr. Padma, Ms. Aruna Devi, Ms. Anita Venkatesh, Mr. Anil Kumar with SB

Office Bearers during 4th Anniversary celebrations

19-3-2016 - Event on APPATHON

REGION-V REGION-VIGEETHANJALI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, NELLORE BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN, PUNE

13-4-2016 – during one day workshop on Trends in Mobile Computing, Internet of Things & Cyber Physical Systems

17 - 18-3-2016 - Workshop on Android Operating System

REGION-VIMES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE VIDYA PRATISHTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BARAMATI

11 & 12-3-2016 - Workshop on laTeX - A Document Preparation System during CSI Day Celebrations

23-3-2016 – One day Workshop on Business Intelligence and Analytics

REGION-VIIVELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI JAYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, THIRUNINRAVUR

22-3-2016 – Mr. Ahamed Ali, Dr. Duraipandian, Mrs. Sayee Bhuvaneswari & Dr. Rajalakshmi during National Conference on Recent Trends in

Information Technology and Communication

23-3-2016 - Mr. Charles Prabu, SBC, Dr. Govinda, RVP-VII and Prof. Kumaran with Executive Members during Student Branch

Inauguration


REGION-VIIVEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY , CHENNAI S A ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI

7-3-2016 - Mr. Kathiresan, Consultant, CSIED handling the session on Unique Opportunities during CSI Day Celebrations

21 & 22-3-2016 – Dr. Umarani Srikanth & Prof. Geetha felicitating the trainer Ms. Ponmalar during two days Workshop on Mobile Application

Development

REGION-VIIRAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI

17 to 19-3-2016 – International Conference on Engineering Digital Green Era (EDGE 2016)

13-4-2016 - CSI Student Project Exhibition (Innovision 2016)

REGION-VIIRAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HOSUR

12-3-2016 – Event on Interdisciplinary EXODASH 2k16 as part of CSI Day Celebrations

18 & 19-3-2016 - Second National Conference on Trends in Advanced Computing and Applications

REGION-VIIST PETER’S UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TIRUNELVELI

11 & 12-3-2016 - Two days Hands-on Workshop on Android Mobile Application Development as part of CSI Day Celebrations

20-4-2016 – Mr. Suresh Thangakrishnan, Mr. Sundarajan & Dr. Ramar during the seminar on Opportunities and Skill requirements for Engineers



REGION-VIISRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KATTANKULATHUR SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KATTANKULATHUR

12-2-2016 – Mr. lakshmi Narayanan during the Guest lecture on Data Mining & its Applications

2-4-2016-Mr. Ravikumar, Mr. Ravindran, Mr. Chandra Mouli & Ms. Meenakshi during Workshop on Software Models

REGION-VIISASTRA UNIVERSITY, THANJAVUR SASTRA UNIVERSITY, THANJAVUR

4-3-2016 - Guest lecture on IT Current Trends and Vistas 2-4-2016 - Workshop on Information Security

REGION-VIIVIT STUDENT BRANCH, VELLORE VIT STUDENT BRANCH, VELLORE

9-3-2016 - One day workshop on Android App development 16-3-2016 - One day workshop on The Art of living

Kind Attention: Prospective Contributors of CSI CommunicationsPlease note that Cover Themes for forthcoming issues are planned as follows:

• June 2016 - Artificial Intelligence • July 2016 - Robotics • Aug 2016 - Virtual Reality• Sept 2016 - Medical Image Processing • Oct 2016 - Bioinformatics

Articles may be submitted in the categories such as: Cover Story, Research Front, Technical Trends and Article. Please send your contributions before 20th May 2016 for June issue. The articles may be long (2500-3000 words maximum) or short (1000-1500 words) and authored in as original text. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited.Please note that CSI Communications is a magazine for members at large and not a research journal for publishing full-fledged research papers. Therefore, we expect articles written at the level of general audience of varied member categories. Equations and mathematical expressions within articles are not recommended and, if absolutely necessary, should be minimum. Include a brief biography of four to six lines, indicating CSI Membership no., for each author with high resolution author photograph.Please send your article in MS-Word and/or PDF format to Dr. Vipin Tyagi, Editor, via email id [email protected] with a copy to [email protected].(Issued on the behalf of Editorial Board CSI Communications)Prof. A. K. NayakChief Editor


Rules / Procedure for Approval of Technical Collaborations, for Technical Events Organized by the Non-CSI Entities like Organizations / Institutions / Universities, etc., by CSI Chapters / Regions / Divisions,

without any Financial liability to CSI

Technical sponsorship / collaborations to good quality technical events, without any financial liability, subject to the following conditions, can be approved, on case to case basis:-

1. The concerned Organization / Institution must be a valid Institutional member of Computer Society of India (CSI). If they are obtaining fresh membership, they should be encouraged to take membership for longer dura-tion like 10 / 20 years.

2. As part of this Technical Sponsorship, at-least one life Member or 05 individual annual professional members must be generated, out of this event. For this, a copy of CSI life Membership Form should be distributed, in the registration kit, to all the non-CSI Member delegates and arrangements should be made to collect the filled in membership form, payment details (Bank counter folio after depositing the payment in the bank or cheque, payable at par, in favour of Computer Society of India) of the interested delegates, on the spot. This can be done though keeping a counter of CSI having copies of CSI forms and other related information through a person deputed there by the organizers, on the venue of the event.

3. In order to justify the CSI Technical Sponsorship and also to motivate the delegates / participants to obtain the CSI Membership, delegates / participants must be given at-least 20% discount in registration fee, to existing CSI Members or would be CSI members (if they deposit the fee and CSI membership form on the spot).

4. If the Institution does not have the CSI Students’ Branch, at-least after the event is over, they should work hard to establish the Students’ Branch. This will be a compulsory condition for their 2nd event to be approved for technical sponsorship.

5. Quality of papers, technical materials and publications should be of high standard and be checked thoroughly by Turnitin or any other licensed antiplagiarism / cross check / similarity index softwares to avoid embarrass-ment to the society, at later stage. Open source softwares, for antiplagiarism checking, are not recommended, as their database is very limited and the reports are not authentic.

6. OBs and few related ExecCom members, with the consent of the sponsoring heads, be involved in the Advi-sory Committee or Steering Committee of the event.

7. Two delegates, based on the recommendation of the sponsoring / collaborating head, be given complimentary registration. They will be monitoring the execution / conduct of the event and submit a brief report, after the event, to the respective sponsoring / collaborating head.

8. After the event is over, a DVD having copies of the related presentations / papers / other technical materials be submitted to CSI for uploading them on CSI Digital library (Dl).

9. After the event is over, a post event report with few good quality photographs having CSI logo be submitted to the CSI HQ for its record and publication in CSI Communications.

10. The event must be planned in advance and be included, through the sponsoring / collaborating head, in the event calendar published in the CSI Communications.

11. The CSI logo, as available at CSI website www.csi-india.org and also available on the header line of this document be included at prominent places of all the flyers, backdrops, banners, publications, and other printed materials, under the head; Technical Sponsor, if there is only one sponsor, otherwise, as Technical Co-Sponsor.

A proposal giving details of the programme may be submitted to corresponding chapter/ region/division, at-least 06 months in advance.

Computer Society of India


C S I C a l E n d a r 2 0 1 6

Sanjay Mohapatra, Vice President, CSI & Chairman, Conf. Committee, Email: [email protected]

Date Event Details & Contact Information

10-11 May 2016 National Conference on Recent Trends in Computer and Communication Technology (RTCCT 2016) at Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Surat, Gujrat. www.rtcct2016.scet.ac.in Contact : [email protected], Phone: 0261-2240145-158

28-30 May 2016 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (ICCII-2016) by Dept. of CSE, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad www.iccii.net Contact : 7680995513, [email protected]

30 May -1 June 2016 National Workshop on Applicable Mathematics to Engineering and Science (NWAMES) at Jayee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna www.juet.ac.in Contact : Dr. H.K.Mishra, [email protected], 9407570623, Dr. Anuj Kumar, [email protected]

01-02 July 2016 Second Intl. Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development (ICT4SD 2016) at Hotel Vivanta, Goa www.ict4sd.in/2016 Contact : [email protected], Mr. Amit Joshi 09904632888

22-23 July 2016 4th International Conference on Innovations in Computer Science & Engineering Venue: Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, Website: www.icicse2016.org Contact : Dr. H. S. Saini, [email protected], Dr. D. D. Sarma, [email protected] [email protected], [email protected]

18-19 August 2016 International Conference on “Internet of Things”, Venue : APS College of Engineering, Bangalore Contact : [email protected]

16-17 Sept. 2016 2016 International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and applications (FICTA), KIIT University, Bhubneswar. www.ficta.in Contact : [email protected]

11-12 Nov. 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences (ICACDS-2016). Proceedings by Springer CCIS/LNCS (Approval in Process) Organized by Krishna Engineering College (KEC), Ghaziabad. http://icacds2016.krishnacollege.ac.in/ Contact : Dr. Mayank Singh, [email protected]. Mob: 09540201130

22-25 Nov. 2016 Special session on “Smart and Ubiquitous Computing for Vehicle Navigation Systems” at IEEE TENCON 2016, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore (http://site.tencon2016.focalevents.sg/) Contact : Dr. P.K. Gupta [email protected], Prof. Dr. S. K. Singh [email protected]

8-10 Dec. 2016 CSI Annual Convention (CSI-2016): Theme: Digital Connectivity - Social Impact; Organized by CSI Coimbatore Chapter; Pre-Conference Tutorial on 7th Dec 2016 Venue: Hotel Le Meridien Contact : Dr. Ranga Rajagopal, Convener, 9442631004 [email protected]

CeBIT INDIA 2016 – Global Event for Digital Business in association with CSI Venue: BIEC, Bengaluru www.cebit-india.com Contact : Mohammed Farooq, [email protected], +91 9004691833

23-24 Dec. 2016 8th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Network CICN-2016. Venue : Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur Contact : Dr. Santosh Vishwakarma [email protected]

11-12 Feb. 2017 International conference on Data Engineering and Applications-2017 (IDEA-17) at Bhopal (M.P.), http://www.ideaconference.in Contact : [email protected]

Registered with Registrar of News Papers for India - RNI 31668/1978 If undelivered return to : Regd. No. MCN/222/20l5-2017 Samruddhi Venture Park, Unit No.3, Posting Date: 10 & 11 every month. Posted at Patrika Channel Mumbai-I 4th floor, MIDC, Marol, Andheri (E). Mumbai-400 093 Date of Publication: 10th of every month

- COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE

- IT FOR SOCIETY

- SOFWARE ENGINEERING

- NETWORK, COMPUTING &

INFORMATION SCIENCE

1234

Inviting papers in

emerging areas:

Why Submit Paper ?- CSI is one of the largest forum to present paper on computer science in India- Substantial time to work- Selected papers will be published in the Proceedings- Opportunity to present at the convention

- Await more surprises !!

Authors are invited to submit their original and unpublished work in the areas including but not limited to these areas.

INSPIRE. INNOVATE. MAKE A DIFFERENCE.

51st Annual Convention of Computer Society of IndiaDigital Connectivity – Social Impact

Technology and more specifically Digital connectivity is no more an independent domain. It has impacted each one of us in every walk of life. The more critical factor is that it is likely to impact much more in the next 10 years than all of the last century put together !!

Hence, the theme aims to draw the attention of academics, corporates, researchers, government and that of every major stake holder to the hugely anticipated expansion of Digital Connectivity and look at digital connectivity not just as a communication system but as a domain that can ..

Impact the economyImpact Life style of each citizenand ensure we build societies that are Happy Societies to live in, in a Digitally Connected World!!

Visit www.csi-2016.org for more details list of topics / sub-topics and tosubmit paper

Contact : Third floor, Vyshnav Building,95A, Race course,Coimbatore 641018.P : +91 422 2200695E : [email protected]

Scan to visit website: www.CSI-2016.org

DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY – SOCIAL IMPACT

CALL FOR PAPERS!

Volume No. 40 | Issue No. 2 | May · PDF fileby Sahil Sholla, Roohie Naaz and Mohammad Ahsan...

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