Volume III Number 19 September 2008 Billion and million...

Billion and million funding toincrease OEM & retrofit NGVs

population and refuelling network

Volume III Number 19 September 2008

Bus segment

Seven Asian countriesto increase NG busfleets in 2008/09-2012

China

To adopt moreadvanced NGV technology

CN

G

CN

G

CN

G

�Takes the lead in production experience and expertiseOver 3 million High Pressure Gas Cylinders manufactured and sold. An achievementunmatched by others.

�Holds customer confidence and a large market shareEkc is growing rapidly in terms of sales value with over 75% market share.

�Widest choice in High Pressure Gas Cylinders Water Capacity - 1 to 280 ltr.Working pressure - upto 400 Bar

�Suitable for the widest range of applications� �Industrial Aerospace� �Medical Marine� �Beverage Defence� �Fire Fighting � �Accumulator Shells�Breathing Apparatus (Cascade)�Scientific Research

CNG VehiclesGas Storage Systems

�

Ekc manufactures High Pressure Gas Cylinders with the latest technology conforming to relevant international standards like ISO, EN, BS & D.O.T. under third party inspection agency.

�Global recognitionIt is the largest Indian exporter of High Pressure Gas Cylinders. And is highly famed for its adherence to international standards all across Europe. Far East, Middle East, Africa and Asia.

�Commitment to EnvironmentEKC manufacturers Natural Gas Cylinders (CNG) to support a cause in the interest of healthy living of human beings through reduction of vehicular pollution.

Committed to customer safety

501, Raheja Centre, 214, Nariman Point, Mumbai-400 021, India.Tel.: + 9122 2285 0777 / 8; Fax: 2287 0718 / 20; Email: [email protected]; Website: www.everestkanto.com

P.O. Box 61041, Jebel Ali Free Zone, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Tel.: + 971 4 8832796 / 7 / 8; Fax: 8832799; Email: [email protected]; Website: www.ekcuae.com

AT HOLDING HIGH PRESSURE GASESAND YOUR FOR YEARS.

Successful

Most trusted manufacturer of High Pressure Gas Cylinders

Since 1978

(Manufacturers of CNG & High Pressure Gas Cylinders)

Clean Energy Solution Company

EVEREST KANTO CYLINDER LIMITED, INDIA

EKC INTERNATIONAL FZE, DUBAI

EKC Industries (Tianjin) Limited, China

September 20082

Summary04 More buses and CNG stations for

Asia

With around 150,000 -180,000 (including unregistered) NGVs inBangladesh, about 20% of vehicles inthe country run on CNG. Apart from ...

16 Investing in the CNG bus segment

In combating traffic congestion, air pollution, and high petroleum fuelprices, the face of mobility haschanged. In some countries, the role ...

20

22 Malaysia to open 200 CNG stations by 2010

23 NGVs in the private car segmentin India

25 History of CNG industry inBangladesh

28 P500 M funding for AFVs projects in the Philippines

30 Robust growth in OEM CNG carsector

34 BusinessCentre: Vehicle/fuellingstation component suppliers

40 Asia as #1 NGV region with 4.3M vehicles and 5,100 stations

Copies Distribution

THB43 B funding for NGV industry in Thailand

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. and fax.: +82 33 260 3419

+31 20 420 [email protected] ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 [email protected] ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 [email protected]

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

18 China to introduce other types of NGVs

China’s auto industry and market havebeen enlarged at a surprising pace inrecent decades. However, the associated social problems also ...

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmental relat-ed offices, OEM and Oil & Gascompanies, associations, related NGV indus-tries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list (somefigures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: [email protected]

Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - AMagdalena del Mar - RUC: 20513085576CP: Lima 17- [email protected]

PERU

KOREA

ITALY

ARGENTINA

BRASIL

Av. Rio Branco, 131 Sala 1.701CEP: 20040-006 Rio de Janeiro - RJTel: + (55 21) 2215-0799 ■ + (5521) [email protected] ■ www.folhadognv.com

Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

September 20084

With around 150,000 -180,000 (including unregistered) NGVs inBangladesh, about 20% of vehicles inthe country run on CNG. Apart fromthat, 600,000 vehicles are powered bydiesel or gasoline.

Bangladesh is a fully NGV conversioncountry, which has about 350 retrofitcentres, of which 192 are unauthorized.From those 350 workshops, it is esti-mated that only 12 of those importCNG cylinders from Italy, Dubai, andmainly Korea. Other workshops dependon these importers, or use unfit (i.e.Oxygen) cylinders instead. Since thegovernment started disciplining thequality of those workshops—in terms oftechnical know-how and skill, andequipment used—this country held abig potential for CNG cylindersexporters.

China continues with its rapid expansion of NG refuelling network.Several station construction plans havebeen announced. Dongguan City inGuangdong Province will add 60 NGstations from 2008-2020, of which 30units will be built before 2010 is ended.It is anticipated that 80% of publicbuses and 90% of taxis in the city willrun on CNG by 2020.

In Wuhan City, at least 20 more stationsare scheduled to be opened before end2008. Construction of another 10 stations will be started by end of 2008and will be put in service by 2009.

According to Wuhan city developmentplan, all public transport fleets in thecity—currently consisting of 6,000buses and 20,000 taxis —will be converted to NGVs by end 2010. Thatwould mean about 1,200,000 Nm3CNG are needed on a daily basis. Thus,120 standard CNG refuelling stationsare required. Till July this year, therewere only 25 stations in the city.

Indian Federation of Transport Researchand Training (IFTRT) has reported in Julythis year that 122,485 private cars inNew Delhi city are powered by CNG.The rest of NGVs are mainly publictransport vehicles, in which 11,665 arebuses, 5,505 Rugged Terrain Vehicles(RTVs), 7 Multi Goods Vehicles (MGVs),7,664 taxis, 80,264 tuk-tuks, and 353Phatphat Sewa (jeeps). Number of vehicles being converted to CNG onmonthly basis is about 4,500 units. The annual increase of the total NGVpopulation in this city is about 250%. Itis expected that in 2010, there will be250,000 private cars powered by CNG

in New Delhi. Number of fuelling stations in New Delhi is 163 units, serving 230,000 New Delhi’s NGVs.Indraprastha Gas limited (IGL) plans toadd 50 more stations in the capital cityto relieve the consumers from long refuelling-queues.

Another report in March 2008 indicatedthat a total 500,000 NGVs plied in theNational Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi,a territory which comprises nine districts. Apart from the capital city,New Delhi, the NCT has four majorsatellite cities which lie outside theNational Capital Territory of Delhi.

Last year has been a good year forNGV industry in India as demand forCNG conversion kits—mainly for smallcars—rose by 50%.

Minister of Industries and Mines of Iran,Ali-Akbar Mehrabian has recently statedthat local car manufacturers have produced 120,000 bifuel CNG/gasolinecars during 20th March-21st July 2008.The OEM NG cars production hasincreased by 20 times since 2005, fromless than 20,000 units in 2005, 146,000in 2006, to 429,000 in 2007. In Junethis year, the Iranian cabinet issued amandate for automakers to produce60% of their car output to be poweredby dedicated CNG or bifuel.

According to Mojtaba Shir-Aali fromCNG Industries Guild, there is a plan toequip 10M cars with bifuel system within the next five years.

Pakistan government offers India toinvest in manufacturing CNG bus in thecountry. The government considers thatIndian buses may suit Pakistan climateand terrain more compared toEuropean buses. In July, PakistanCommerce Minister Ahmed Mukhtarstated that there was a possibility ofimporting 10 CNG buses from eachinvestor as a test of delivery.

Capital Development Authority (CDA)plans to launch CNG buses programmein twin cities Islamabad-Rawalpindi. Theauthority has invited national and international companies to sendExpression of Interest (EOI) to ply 100CNG buses over various routesbetween the twin cities. Four companies will be selected to beinvolved in this project, in which eachcompany will have to operate 25 buses.

On the CNG price sector, after facingconfusion about the increased initial

price of CNG (by adding Rs 5.58/kg)and the high end-retail price, the government appointed OGRA to regulate the retail price at NG pumpstations.

Philipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. and theLopez Group have held a discussion onthe possibility of converting an existingoil pipeline to transfer CNG from its primary supply point to Metro Manila tosupply CNG demand from the transportsector. To ensure the success of biggerNGV adoption, the gas needs to becommercially available in Metro Manilawhere most CNG buses are located,instead of simply transferring CNG byferry from Malampaya as in the presentsituation. With the availability of gaspipeline in Manila, investors can builtmore fuelling stations.

The government has recently allocatedP500 M funding to convert public transport vehicles to AFVs such asNGVs. Alex Yague from the IntegratedMetro Bus Operators Association alsoexpects that monetary assistance willbe provided by government to encourage the conversion of 3,000diesel buses to NGVs in Metro Manila.

In Turkey, there is a plan to increaseCNG bus fleet by purchasing 500-552more buses in 2009 from MAN. Onemore public refuelling station will also beadded. Currently, the country has over3,000 NGVs—16% of those are buses,and 9 refuelling stations.

Several natural gas processing plants,terminals, and refuelling stations areplanned to be built in South-East Asiaby IEV. Apart from the already operatedCNG plant in Cikarang, a cluster of miniliquefied LNG and CNG tankers will bebuilt in Papua and Java islands inIndonesia, in 2010. The plant inCikarang has a capacity to fuel 5,000taxis /day. IEV also plan to constructfour CNG refueling stations in Jakartaby end 2008 after signing a MOU withfive taxi operators who will be involvedin the promotion of CNG as vehicularfuel.

A cluster of CNG plants will also be builtin Thailand over the next two years,while another processing plant is beingbuilt in Vietnam. IEV is carrying out a feasibility study forproviding gas supply to 10,000 taxisand 3,000 buses in Vietnam. A gas terminal, six CNG stations, and 30 roadtankers will also be established inPeninsular Malaysia.

Following the success of the LDVs market,more buses and CNG stations for Asia

September 20086

紧随天然气轻型车市场的成功，亚洲将出现更多天然气巴士和加气站孟加拉现在共有约15万到18万辆的天然气汽车（包括未注册的车辆），约占汽车保有量的20%。此外，汽油和柴油车约为60万辆。

孟加拉的天然气汽车全部为改装的，该国有350家改装中心，其中192家未经官方批准。估计，这350家改装中心，仅有约12%进口来自意大利、迪拜和韩国的气瓶。其他的改装中心则从其它国家进口或者使用并不适用的气瓶（如氧气瓶）。由于该国政府已经加严对改装中心技术和质量的管理，孟加拉有望成为CNG气瓶出口商的一个巨大市场。

中国仍在继续扩大其加气站网络。最近，又有几个加气站建设计划被公布。广东的东莞将在2008到2020年新建60座天然气加气站，其中的30个将在2010年前建成。预计，到2020年，该城市80%的公交车和90%的出租车将使用天然气为燃料。

武汉则计划在2008年底前建成至少20座加气站。2008 年底，另外有10座新站将开工建设，到2009年正式运营。

根据武汉市城市发展规划，目前全市所有的6,000辆公交车和20,000辆出租车到2010年全部使用天然气。这意味着每天这些车辆将消耗20万立方米的天然气。因此，必须建立120个加气站以满足用气需求。然而，直到今年七月，武汉仅建有25座加气站。

据印度运输研究与培训联盟在今年7月的报告，印度新德里共有122,485辆私家轿车为天然气车型。其他的天然气车辆为公共运输车辆：11,665辆公交车，5,505辆越野车（RTVs），7辆多用途货车（MGVs），7,664辆出租车，80,264辆三轮汽车，以及353辆吉普车。每个月改装的天然气车数量达到4,500辆。天然气车保有量的年增长率为250%。预计，2010年新德里将有25万辆天然气私家轿车，建有163座加气站，这些站可满足23万辆天然气汽车的用气需求。为了缓解加气排长队的紧张局面，Indraprastha燃气公司计划在新德里新建50座加气站。

2008年3月的一份报告称，在德里的首都区域（NCT）有约50万辆天然气汽车运营者，该区域有九个辖区。除了新德里城区，NCT还有着4个卫星城。

过去的一年对于印度的天然气汽车工业是利好的一年，从其天然气汽车改装件需求（主要是针对小车的改装）增长50%就可见一斑。

伊朗工业与矿业部长Ali-AkbarMehrabian称，2008年3月20日至7月21日之间，当地的汽车制造商生产了12万辆天然气/汽油两用燃料汽车。从2005年开始，该国的OEM天然气汽车产量增长了20倍，从2005年的不足2万辆到2006年的14万6千辆，再到2007年的42万9千辆。今年6月份，伊朗内阁发出强制令，要求汽车制造商汽车产量中的 60%必须为CNG单一燃料车或双燃料车。

根据CNG工业导报援引Mojtaba Shir-Aali的话，未来5年伊朗将有1000万辆轿车安装两用燃料系统。

巴基斯坦政府答应印度厂商可以投资于该国的CNG公交车行业。政府考虑，印度的公交车比欧州的产品更加适合巴基斯坦的气候条件和地形特征。七月份，巴基斯坦商务部长AhmedMukhtar宣布将有可能从每个投资商那里预先进口10辆CNG公交车作试运行。

巴基斯坦的首都发展局计划在伊斯兰堡和拉瓦尔品第两座姊妹城市推行天然气公交车示范活动。该局对本国的和国际公司的天然气汽车进行了招标，预计将有100辆天然气公交车运行于这两座城市间的不同线路。有四家公司将进入被选中参与该项目，每家公司负责25辆车的运营。

为了应对CNG初始价格（每公斤增加了5.58Rs）和终端销售价格的上涨，巴基斯坦政府安排OGRA对加气站的天然气零售价格进行管控。

壳牌石油菲律宾公司和Lopez集团最近正在讨论将现有的输油管线改造为输气管线的计划，该计划旨在为菲律宾首都马尼拉输送天然气以满足其交通用气需求。为了保证更多的天然气汽车得到推广，天然气的输送必须一改现在仅靠船舶从Malampaya运来的状况，而需要在马尼拉天然气公交车最多的地方进行供应。随着马尼拉输气管线的增多，会有更多的投资者兴建加气站。

近来，菲律宾政府斥资5亿比索补贴公共车辆转为天然气汽车等替代燃料车。城市公交车运营商协会的Alex估计，为了鼓励马尼拉的3000辆柴油公交车改装为天然气汽车，政府将继续投入补贴资金。

土耳其计划在2009年将从MAN公司购进500到552辆天然气公交车。将新建一座加气站。目前，土耳其拥有3000多辆天然气汽车，其中16%为公交车，同时建有9座加气站。

IEV计划在东南亚建设若干天然气加工厂、终端接收站、以及加气站。除了已经投入运营的Cikarang天然气加工厂，一批小型液化天然气和压缩天然气罐将于2010年前在印尼巴布亚和爪洼岛建立。Cikarang现有的天然气工厂每天可满足5000辆出租车的加气需求。IEV还计划到2008年底在雅加达建设4座加气站，这一决定是在与5家打算应用天然气燃料的出租车公司签订谅解备忘录后而做出的。

今后两年，泰国将建设一批CNG加工厂，而越南正在建设一座天然气加工厂。IEV正在对一个为1万辆出租车和3000辆公交车供应天然气的项目进行可行性研究。马来西亚半岛上也将建成1个天然气终端接收站、6座加气站并增加30辆油槽车。

September 20088

방글라데시에는 약 150,000-180,000(미등록 포함)의 천연가스차량이 운행 중이며, 자국 내 차량의 20%가량이 CNG로운행 중에 있다. 이 외에 600,000대가 경유 또는 휘발유 차량이다.

방글라데시는 무허가 작업장 192개를 포함하여 350개의 충분한 개조 작업장을 가진 개조 국가이다. 이 350군데의 작업장중 12 개의 업체만이 CNG용기를 이태리, 두바이, 주로 한국 에서 수입하고 있는 것으로 추정된다. 다른 업체들은 이들수입업체에 의존하거나, 그 대신에 산소용기와 같은 부적합한 용기를 사용한다. 정부가 이러한 개조업체의 전문적인 기술지식과 장비 사용에 관하여 자격 훈련을 실시한 이후로 이 나라는 CNG 용기 수출국들에게 큰 잠재성을 가진 나라가되었다.

중국은 천연가스 충전 네트워크의 급속한 확장을 계속하고 있으며, 여러 충전소 건설계획이 발표되었다. 광동지역의둥관시(Dongguan)는 2008-2020년까지 60개의 천연가스 충전소를 추가 건설할 것이며, 이 중 30개는 2010년 전에완공될 것으로 보인다. 이로 인해 2020년까지 이 도시에서는 대중교통버스의 80%와 택시의 90%가 CNG로 운행 하게 될것으로 예상된다.우한시(Wuhan)에서는 2008년 말까지 최소 20개 이상의 충전소가 오픈 예정이다. 또 다른 10개 충전소 건설이 2008년 말시작되어 2009년부터는 운영에 들어갈 것이다.

우한시(Wuhan)의 개발 계획에 따르면, 도시 내의 모든 대중교통수단(현재, 버스 6,000대, 택시 20,000대)이 2010년까지모두 NGV로 개조될 것으로 보인다. 이것은 하루 평균 1,200,000 Nm3의 천연가스가 소요될 것을 의미한다. 따라서,120개의 CNG 충전소가 필요하게 된다. 2008년 7월 현재는, 25개의 충전소가 있다.인도의 Federation of Transport Research and Training (IFTRT)은 올해 7월 뉴델리 내에 개인승용차량 122,485대가CNG로 운행되고 있다고 발표했다. 그 외에 천연가스차량은 대부분 대중교통수단으로 버스 11,665대와 RTV(RuggedTerrain Vehicles) 5,505대, MGV(Multi Goods Vehicles) 7대, 택시 7,664대와 Tuk-tuks 그리고 353대의 Phatphat Sewa(jeeps) 등이 있다. 매달 평균 CNG로 개조하는 차량은 4,500대 정도이다. 이 도시 내에서 NGV의 연 평균 증가율은 약250% 이다. 2010년에는 뉴델리 내에서만 250,000대의 CNG 개인 승용차가 운행될 것으로 기대된다. 현재 뉴델리 내에충전소는 163개이며 230,000대의 차량이 충전을 하고 있다. 긴 충전 대기시간의 문제를 완화시키기 위하여IGL(Indraprastha Gas limited)은 수도에 새로운 충전소 50개를 추가 건설할 계획이다.

2008년 3월자 또 다른 발표에 따르면, 9개의 구역으로 구성되는 지역인 델리의 수도 특별구(NCT)에는 총 500,000대의NGV가 운행되고 있다고 한다. 수도인 뉴델리 이외에 NCT는 NCT외곽에 위치한 네 개의 주요 위성도시를 가지고 있다.

지난 2007년은 CNG 개조키트(주로 소형차)의 수요가 50%까지 증가함으로써 인도의 NGV 산업에 있어 매우 좋은 해였다.

이란 광산업부 장관인 ‘Ali-Akbar Mehrabian’은 2008년 3월 20일부터 7월 21일의 기간 동안 지역 자동차제조업체가120,000대의 CNG/휘발유 겸용 승용차를 생산했다고 최근 발표하였다. OEM 천연가스자동차생산량은 2005년에는20,000대 미만, 2006년 146,000대 미만에서 2007년 429,000대로 2005년 이래 20배 정도 생산량이 증가하였다. 올해6월 이란 내각은 자동차 제조업체를 상대로 생산량의 60%를 CNG 또는 겸용 차량을 생산하도록 지시하였다.

CNG 산업협회의 Mojtaba Shir-Aali에 따르면 향후 5년 이내에 천만대의 차량을 천연가스와 휘발유 겸용 시스템으로 갖출계획이라고 한다.

파키스탄 정부는 인도에 자국의 CNG 버스 제작에 투자할 것을 제안하고 있다. 정부는 인도의 버스가 유럽의 버스에 비해파키스탄의 기후와 지형에 좀 더 적합할 것으로 생각하고 있다. 7월에 파키스탄 상무부장관인 ‘Ahmed Mukhtar’는시범적으로 각각의 투자자들로부터 10대의 CNG 버스를 수입할 가능성이 있다고 언급하였다.

도시개발당국(CDA)은 이슬라마바드-라왈핀디 두 도시에 CNG 버스 계획을 착수할 계획이다. 당국은 이 두 도시 사이의많은 노선에 100대의 CNG 버스가 운행되도록 하기 위한 의향서 (EOI)를 전달하기 위해 국내.외 회사들을 초청했다. 4개업체가 이 프로젝트 참여하게 될 것이고, 그리고 결정된 회사들은 각각25대의 버스를 운행해야 한다.

CNG 가격 부문에서는, CNG 초기가격의 인상(Rs 5.58/kg)과 높은 최종소매가격과 관련하여 혼란을 겪은 후에 정부는OGRA가 NG pump station에서의 소매가격을 조정시키게끔 하였다.

필리핀의 Shell Petroleum Corp.와 Lopez Group은 수도 마닐라의 수송분야에서의 CNG수요를 충족시키기 위해 기존의석유 파이프라인을 CNG로 바꾸는 가능성을 논의하는 토론회를 가졌다. NGV의 성공적인 도입을 위하여, 현재 상황에서는선박으로CNG를 수송하는 대신에, 대부분의 CNG 버스가 있는 마닐라 도심에 상업적으로 이용할 수 있도록 하는 것이필요하다. 마닐라 내의 가스파이프라인의 이용으로 투자가들은 더 많은 충전설비를 건설할 수 있다.

정부는 최근에 공공교통수단을 NGV와 같은 AFV로 바꾸는 사업에 5억 페소를 배정했다. 통합수도권버스운행협회(IMBOA)의 ‘Alex Yague’는 마닐라 도심에 있는 3천대의 디젤 버스의 개조를 장려하기 위한정부의 재정적 보조가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

터키에는 2009년에 MAN으로부터 500-552대의 버스를 구입함으로써 CNG 버스를 증가시키겠다는 계획이다. 한 개의충전소가 추가 건설될 것이며, 이 나라에는 전체 버스의 16%인 3,000대가 넘는 NGV가 있으며 9개의 충전소가 있다.

몇 개의 천연가스 공정 공장, 터미널, 충전소가 IEV에 의해 동남아시아에 건설될 계획이다. 게다가 이미 Cikarang에서CNG충전시설이 운영 중이며 2010에는 인도네시아 자바섬과 파푸아에 소형 액화 LNG, CNG 탱커 클러스터가 건설될것이다. Cikarang의 충전시설은 하루 평균 택시 5천대 충전이 가능하다. IEV는 또한 차량연료로서 CNG 보급에 나설5개의 택시업체와 MOU를 체결한 후, 2008년 말까지 자카르타에 CNG 충전소 4개를 건설할 계획이다.

CNG 충전 클러스터는 2년 후에 태국에도 건설될 것이다. 또 다른 플랜트가 베트남에 건설 중이다. IEV는 베트남 내의10,000대의 택시와 3,000대의 버스에 가스를 공급하기 위해 타당성 조사를 수행하고 있다. 한 개의 가스 터미널, 6개의CNG 충전소, 그리고 30개의 로드탱커가 말레이지아반도에 설립될 것이다.

LD시장의 성공에 따른 아시아천연가스버스와 충전소 증가

September 200810

アジアにおけるＬＤＶ市場での普及成功に続くバス市場でのＮＧＶとＣＮＧスタンドの普及バングラデシュでは、６０万台の軽油やガソリンを燃料としている通常の自動車が走っているが、自動車保有台数の２０％程度にあたる１５万台から１８万台（無登録車も含む）のＣＮＧ車も走っている。

バングラデシュは国内に１９２ヶ所の非公認を含む３５０ヶ所のＮＧＶ改造工場があるＮＧＶ改造の国である。これら３５０ヶ所の改造工場の内、１２ヶ所の工場だけがイタリア、ドバイ、そして主には韓国から輸入したＣＮＧボンベを使用していると推定されている。他の改造工場は、これらの輸入業者のＣＮＧボンベを使用するか、代替品として例えば酸素ボンベのようにＣＮＧ車に不適当なボンベを使用している。政府は技術的ノウハウやスキル、そして使用されている材料などの観点からこれらの改造工場の質を規制する動きを始めているので、バングラデシュはＣＮＧボンベ輸入国となる大きな可能性を持っている。

中国は天然ガススタンドネットワークの急速な拡大を続けている。実際、いくつかのスタンド建設計画が発表されている。広東省東莞（トンコワン）市では、２００８年から２０２０年までに６０ヶ所の天然ガススタンドが計画され、その内の３０ヶ所は２０１０年末までに建設が予定されている。市内を走る公営バスの８０％とタクシーの９０％が２０２０年までにＣＮＧ車になることが期待されている。

また、湖北省武漢市では２００８年までに少なくとも２０ヶ所以上の天然ガススタンドが開業予定である。２００８年末までには、さらに１０ヶ所のスタンド建設が開始され、２００９年には営業に入る予定である。

武漢市開発計画によると、市内のすべての公共交通機関、現在は６千台のバスと２万台のタクシーが走行しているが、これらの車両が２０１０年末までにＮＧＶに転換される。使用するＣＮＧガス量は１日当たり１２０万Ｎ㎥になる。このため、今年の７月には市内２５ヶ所の天然ガススタンドであったが、将来、１２０ヶ所の標準的な天然ガススタンドが必要になる。

インドではIndian Federation of Transport Research and Training(IFTRT)が今年の７月にレポートを発表した。レポートによると、ニューデリー市の１２２,４８５台の自家用車がＣＮＧ車である。残りのＮＧＶは主に公共交通機関であり、１１,６６５台のバス、５,５０５台のRugged Terrain Vehicles(RTVs)、７台のMulti GoodsVehicles (MGVs)、７,６６４台のタクシー、８０,２６４台のトゥクトゥク、そして３５３台のPhatphat Sewa(ジープ)である。ＣＮＧ車に改造される車両数は月間４,５００台程度である。ニューデリー市におけるＮＧＶの年間増加数は、前年比２５０％程度になる。２０１０年には２５万台の自家用車がＮＧＶになると予想されている。現在、市内の２３万台のＮＧＶに対して、天然ガススタンドは１６３ヶ所ある。IndraprasthaGas社(IGL)は、ＣＮＧ充填に待つ長い行列を解消するために５０ヶ所の天然ガススタンドを増やす計画である。

また、２００８年３月に発表されたもう一つのレポートでは、首都のニューデリーとは別に、外周に４つの大きなサテライト都市があり、９つの地区に別れているデリー首都圏で５０万台のＮＧＶが走っていると報告している。

昨年は、ＣＮＧ転換キットの需要、主に小型車用が５０％伸びたようにインドのＮＧＶ産業にとって良い年であった。

イランのアリー・アクバル・メフラービアン工業鉱山大臣は、２００８年３月２０日から７月２１日までに１２万台のバイフューエル車（ＣＮＧ／ガソリン）を国内自動車メーカーが製造したと最近発表した。ＯＥＭによるＮＧＶ製造は、２００５年に２万台であったものが２００６年には１４万６千台、２００７年には４２万９千台と２００５年から約２０倍に増えた。今年の６月には、イラン政府は自動車メーカーに対して生産台数の６０％をＣＮＧ専用車またはバイフューエル車にするよう命じた。

ＣＮＧ産業組合のモジャバ・シャリ・アリ氏によると、次の５年間で１,０００万台の車をバイフューエル車にする計画がある。

パキスタン政府はインドに対して国内でのＣＮＧバス製造に投資するよう要請している。政府はインド製バスが欧州製のバスよりもパキスタンの気候や地形に適していると考えている。７月にはパキスタンのアーマッド・ムクタール商務大臣が各社から走行試験用として１０台のＣＮＧバスを輸入する可能性があると示唆した。

Capital Development Authority(CDA)は、ラワルビンディーイスラマバード間でＣＮＧバスプログラムをスタートする計画がある。都市間の様々なルートで１００台のＣＮＧバスを走らせるために興味を持った国内外の会社を招いた。このうち４社がこのプロジェクトに選ばれ、それぞれ２５台のＣＮＧバスを運行する。

ＣＮＧ価格の面では、５.５８パキスタンルピー／kg付加によるＣＮＧ価格の上昇や小売価格高騰による混乱に直面した後、政府は、天然ガススタンドでＣＮＧ小売価格を規制するようOil & Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA)に命じた。

フィリピンシェル石油とロペスグループは、輸送用燃料としてＣＮＧ供給の需要に応じるため、１次供給ポイントから首都マニラまで既設の石油パイプラインを天然ガスパイプラインに転用できないか可能性の検討を行なっている。ＮＧＶ普及を成功させるため、ＣＮＧバスのほとんどが走っているマニラでガスが商業的に供給される必要がある。現在は、マランパヤからフェリーでＣＮＧが輸送されている。マニラでガスパイプラインが利用できれば、投資家は天然ガススタンド建設に投資をすることができるようになる。

政府は最近、公共交通機関をＮＧＶなど代替燃料車に改造するため、５億ペソの予算を計上した。Integrated Metro Bus OperatorsAssociationのアレックス・ヤギ氏は、マニラで３,０００台のディーゼルエンジンバスをＮＧＶに改造するために資金援助が政府によりなされることを期待している。

トルコでは、ＭＡＮ社から２００９年に５００台から５５２台購入することにより、ＣＮＧバスを増やす計画がある。また、もう１ヶ所天然ガススタンドが設置される。現在、３,０００台のＮＧＶがあり，このうち１６％はバスである。また、天然ガススタンドは９ヶ所ある。

いくつかの天然ガス精製プラント、出荷基地、天然ガススタンド建設がＩＥＶ社により東南アジアで計画されている。インドネシアのチカランで運営されているＣＮＧプラントとは別に、２０１０年にインドネシアではパプア島、ジャワ島でＬＮＧ，ＣＮＧタンカーが建設される。チカランのプラントは１日に５,０００台のタクシーに供給できる能力である。ＩＥＶ社は２００８年末までにジャカルタで４ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンドを建設する計画がある。それは、ＣＮＧ利用を奨励しているタクシー会社５社からなるＭＯＵが同意したためである。

次の２年間にタイでもＣＮＧプラントが建設される。一方、ベトナムでも別のプロセスプラントが建設される。ＩＥＶはベトナムで１万台のタクシーと３千台のバスにＣＮＧを供給する可能性調査を実施している。ガス基地、６ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンド、３０台のＣＮＧトレーラーがマレー半島で設置されるだろう。

September 200812

September 200814

September 200816

Investing in the CNG bus segment

The Federal Minister for Environment ofPakistan Hameedullah Jan Afridi underlined the need for accelerating theintroduction of—8,000 units--CNGbuses in nine major cities in Pakistan,during a high-level meeting of theMinistry of Environment (MOE) in August.

Also, the MOE has given green signalfor the introduction of 500 CNG busesin Karachi in the initial phase, whileother provinces were asked to presenttheir recommendations in the nextmeeting of the committee.

The Minister of Commerce MukhtarAhmed invited Indian investors to manufacture CNG buses in Pakistan.Meanwhile, a Pakistani company registered in China, Commerce andSourcing House (Cash) and a Chinese-based CNG bus company, King Long

United Automobile Industry, haveoffered to invest US$5 M to establish afactory to manufacture CNG bus inKarachi. They plan to produce CNGbuses that can cope with the local geographic condition in Pakistan, havea 10-year life span, and a capacity tocarry 45 seating passengers plus 30standing passengers. Meanwhile, the first diesel bus converted to dedicated-CNG mode has

been operated in Multan city in PunjabProvince by Khan Brothers (Pvt) Ltd.since 2006. After more than a year of atrial project, recently, Khan Brother’s 60Hino diesel buses were converted todedicated CNG vehicles, using ApexEngineering’s technology. The buses areoperated in urban and suburban routesonly, with various distances from 10 kmto 100 km. Both companies expect thatthe government will endorse more conversion of diesel buses to CNG. In November 2007, the Delhi governmentin India announced its plan to replacethe whole fleet of the privately-ownedBlue Line buses with new fleets run bycorporate-houses by July 2012.However, as bus supply cannot keepup with demand, the implementation ofthis project will probably take more time.New Delhi currently has over 11,665CNG buses of which 3,500 buses are

In combating traffic congestion, air pollution, and high petroleum fuel prices, the face of mobility haschanged. In some countries, the role of public transport, especially buses, became more important. As said in India, small car is passé, it is the age of (the air-conditioned) buses. And CNG buses arethe stars in several major cities.

September 2008 17

operated by the Delhi TransportCorporation (DTC). The governmentinformed that the purchase of newbuses for DTC is on the way. Around375 CNG buses out of the total 650buses are already delivered to DTC.These 650 ordered buses consist of625 non-AC low floor CNG buses and25 AC low floor CNG buses with 24-28seats.

Delhi buses phase out roadmap

• By end December 2008: 2,619 buses• By end December 2009: 2,814 buses• By end December 2010: 3,096 buses• By end December 2011: 3,154 buses• By July 5th, 2012: all 3,656 buses

In Bangalore, a major IT service company Wipro Limited is approachingthe Karnataka government to adoptCNG as vehicular fuel. The initiative wasmade by the firm as 60% of Wipro’semployees travel by the company’sdiesel buses which emit more air pollution than CNG and as supply ofdiesel fuel in the city is decreasing.

Indian automaker Tata Motors and itsBangladeshi distributor introduced a

long-distance version of CNG bus inBangladesh in March 2008. The LPO1510 CNG LDV bus is equipped withCummins CNG engine and has anincreased CNG storage capacity of 793litre equivalent.The Thai Cabinet was reported to re-review a project that aims to rent6,000 NG buses to Bangkok MassTransit Authority which earlier wasrejected due to the lack of transparencyin the proposed bidding scheme andthe high leasing costs. Under the proposed project, the new NG buseswill be in service by May 2009. Meanwhile, Transport Co. is in the process of converting its existing 800buses to NGVs while procuring an additional 163 NG buses, and will

introduce an online ticketing system.Konsortium Transnasional Bhd (KTB),Malaysia largest stage and express busoperator, had secured US$100 M fromlocal and foreign financial institutions tofund the purchase of 374 CNG busesto replace part of its 1,500 existing fleet.KTB has been receiving 20 CNG busesa month since March.

To help keep transport cost down, thegovernment is considering increasingthe use of CNG in public buses. TheMinister of Domestic Trade andConsumer Affairs Datuk Shahrir AbdulSamad said that the government islooking at gas as a possibility to structure an energy policy. Presenttrend shows that public transport operators prefer to use gas to reducediesel consumption. Countrywide, currently, 94% of all NGVs in Malaysiaare taxis, while the bus share is only0.4%, the rest being private vehicles.

At least 500 MAN’s Lion Classic air-conditioned CNG buses have beenordered by Ankara's municipal transportauthority EGO in Turkey. The buses willbe delivered during the period ofNovember 2008-September 2009.

September 200818

China moves towards EURO 3 or 4 norms. More CNG and LCNG stations to be built at higher speeds

Energy-efficient and alternative fuel vehicles to be promoted in ChinaBy Willis Guan, CATARC

China’s auto industry and market have been enlarged at asurprising pace in recent decades. However, the associatedsocial problems also arose. Just before the Olympic Gameswere held in Beijing China, increasing attention was paid tothe environment protection and energy conservation. Whatkind of automobile will you choose to drive in the future? In order to further the development and promotion of energyefficient and alternative fuel vehicles for the short and longterm, China has been seeking effective policies to accomplishthis cause. This time, the NDRC (National Development andReform Commission) decided to find an answer to the question-- what type of automotive technologies and products should be encouraged in the future in terms of saving energy and reducing the dependence on oil? Theresearch is still under way, but some findings and conclusionsare becoming obvious. According to the research of the advisory group, many energy efficient technologies should be encouraged to applyto automobiles for the near future including HEVs, dieselengine in passenger cars, advanced transmission systems,etc. As for the alternative fuel vehicles, the report indicatedthat natural gas vehicles and battery electric vehicles shouldbe first considered to promote in the near future in terms ofresource, technology maturity, policy environment, economic

feasibility, environment friendliness and oil replacement. The research result indicates that the NGV industry in Chinahas formed relative complete industrial chains, from vehicle,key parts manufacture and conversion, to infrastructure andfuel supply. The related products, such as engine, conversionkits, cylinder, refueling station equipments have not only wellserved the domestic market but also been exported to enterinto overseas market. Besides, the policy environment iscomparatively advantageous for further promotion of NGVs. The policy research taskforce also conducted a trend analysisregarding NGV technology and market in China, arriving atthe following conclusions:

September 2008 19

® Fuel supply system of the NGV engine is moving from theearlier mechanic to the electronically controlled close-loophybrid and multi-point sequential injection. The emission control technologies of mid and heavy-duty engines and passenger car engines can meet higher standards than EuroⅡ, such as Euro Ⅲ or Ⅳ.® Many patented technologies emerged for key componentssuch as pressure reducer, injector and ECU, which are goingto replace the imported products.® Mother and daughter stations, LCNG stations have beengradually recognized by the market. Therefore, more refuelingstations will be established at a higher speed.® More OEM vehicles are being produced with a growth ratehigher than that of converted ones.® Target market of NGVs is being enlarged shifting from taxisand buses-dominant to an expanded use of NGVs such assmall suburban buses, utility vehicles, heavy trucks, and evenprivate cars in certain regions in China.® Cities promoting NGVs are increasing in number. Currently,according to the statistics of CATARC, there are over 80 citiesof 25 provinces in China promoting NGVs.® The mode of promotion has changed gradually from cityoperation to region operation. It means the network of NGVrefueling stations is expanded with a center city to be thecore area and, at the same time, NGVs can also go acrossand through many other cities in the promotional region.Of course, according to the report, the NGV industry needsto address many challenges if it wants to step forward, suchas NG supply guarantee, key component certification system,compulsory maintenance system, preferential policies, etc.Later this year, the research taskforce will propose countermeasures to the challenges in the final report.

Tel: +44 (0) 1895 457 553Enquiries to:

[email protected].

www.halehamilton.com

Dispenser ManifoldsPriority Fill ManifoldsPressure

RegulatorsRelief Valves & Manifolds

Dispenser ManifoldsPriority Fill ManifoldsPressure

RegulatorsRelief Valves & Manifolds

September 200820

operator would receiveTHB500,000/vehicle but not exceedingthree times their registered capital, tobe repaid in three years at an interestrate of 4-5%. The advisory head of theLTA, Yoo Chienyuenyongpong, estimatedthat operators of 15,000 trucks wouldapply for the soft loans this year.

Also, THB 1B will be used for soft loansfor truck operators through state banks.In the initial phase, THB 100 M will beloaned to registered members of theLand Transportation Association (LTA)and related associations. Both bodieswill act as the screening bodies toselect eligible candidates. Each truck

State Oil & Gas company PTT plans to invest THB43 B over the next five years to cope with thegrowing demand for CNG for vehicles, with THB13 B allocated for this year. Thailand aims to tripleNGV population from the current 100,528 to 328,000 NGVs in 2012. Executive Vice PresidentNuttachat Charuchinda stated that THB10 B/year would be allotted over the next four years.Additionally, THB2 B will be set aside for converting 40,000-50,000 taxis to NGVs this year.

Nuttachat said that PTT was considering providing soft loans to passenger car owners who wanted toswitch to CNG as well.

Refuelling networkEnergy Minister Poonpirom Liptapanlopunderlined that full promotion of NGVhad begun. "NGV is ready on manyfronts: the supply, the number of stations and installation. The ministryinvites those who are planning to switchfrom LPG vehicles to NGV to do sonow, because we are ready on allfronts," she said. To encourage carowners to switch to NGVs, 47 localinsurance firms have agreed to offer10% discounts on insurance premiumsagainst vehicle damage caused bymodifying to NGV.PTT is currently able to provide 2,455tonnes of CNG/day and will increasethe supply capacity to 5,465tonnes/day by the end of 2008. The number of trucks to deliver the gashas also risen from 312 last year to thecurrent 496 units, and will rise to 933by the end of the year.

Over 200 CNG stations are already inservice and by December 2008, a totalof 355 refuelling facilities are expectedto cater three consumer segments: personal cars, taxis and large vehicleson highways and at lorry terminals. PTThas set a budget of THB24 M toincrease number of CNG stations to725 units by 2012. PTT is doing a test-run of its station andlogistics monitoring control softwareprogramme that provides real-timemonitoring of gas volumes available forsale in each station, as well as stocks atgas depots and headquarters invento-ries across the country. Once the gassupply at any station falls below onetonne, the system will send alarm sig-nals through the online network to thecentral host. It can monitor traffic ofvehicles queuing for gas refills.

NGV populationThe number of vehicle conversion centres will increase to 114 by end

THB43 billion to be invested in NGV business

September 2008 21

2008. Students from vocational schoolsare also trained to install CNG kits inconversion workshops mainly at taxiterminals.The number of CNG-compatible vehicles has doubled to 98,000 unitsthis year and is expected to hit 300,000units by 2012, which could cut petroldemand by 20% or 70-75 million litresper day. By August 16th, there were 107,000NGVs in the country of which around80% were previously powered by gasoline and 15% by diesel, while therest were equipped with CNG engine inautomotive factories. The number of the300,000 registered LPG and CNG vehicles is far below the figures reported by LPG and CNG kit importersand installers. However, the caretakerDirector-General of the Land TransportDepartment, Mr. Chairat Sa-nguansue,informed that the department’s inspection conducted among gas tankinstallers and testers have reported thatthe number of LPG/CNG vehiclesexceeds 1 M.

Thanks to the high conversiondemands, unlicensed NGV conversionworkshops are also active in this coun-try. Conversion cost varies fromTHB20,000-40,000 for engines withcarburettors and THB40,000-60,000 forthose with fuel injections. Vehicle con-version safety is being highlighted bythe government and PTT especiallyafter the recent findings of unfit cylin-ders used in NGVs which vary fromcooking gas tank to ailing CNG cylin-ders made from –the suspected—unqualified steel material. However, themanufacturer of these unfit CNG cylin-ders has retrieved the whole batch oftheir cylinders which were made at thesame time as the discovered unfit

tanks. The vehicle owners will get newcylinders to be installed at their automo-tives at no extra cost.

Apart from the conversion sector, theOEM version also makes its move.Krungthai Car Rent and Lease Plc(KCAR) plans to expand its AFV fleet byover 500 gasohol and CNG vehiclescars. The firm plans to buy 200- 300CNG cars this year, starting with the 50Optra cars, with a budget of up toTHB1.5 B. The Chief of the Department of PollutionControl Supat Wangwongwatana saidthat air quality in Bangkok wouldimprove in the near future, as manypublic transport operators are switching

their vehicles to NGVs. Additionally,from next year, fuel-efficient vehicles willhave to meet the new environmentalsafety standard of Euro 4.

CNG price schemeThe Energy Minister reiterated that CNGprice will be raised from the currentTHB8.50/kg to THB12 next year andTHB13 in 2010. Then, the price will befloated but not to exceed 50% of dieselprice. Even without subsidies, CNG isreasonably priced, clean and can beused in various vehicles. Consideringthe running cost of THB0.50/km, NGVsdeliver a massive saving on fuel compared to operating gasoline unitsthat could cost as much as THB5/km.

THB13 billion funding for NGV industry in 2008

September 200822

To lower the transport cost, the Malay government encourages the public to switch to CNG. According toFinance Minister Nor Mohamed from 1997 till March 2008,Petronas had spent RM430 million to subsidise the cost for30,000 NGV users. By mid August, there are 35,258 NGVson the roads, of which over 99% are LDVs (35,077), 0.5% arebuses (170), and the rest are 11 units of NG trucks. Only 3buses and 2 trucks use dual fuel technology, while the restare powered by either bifuel or dedicated CNG fuel systems. From the total NGV population in the country, only almost 4%of it is made by OEMs. Unlike NG cars and trucks which mainlyare converted vehicles, OEM share in the bus sector is 95%.

Fuel pricesThe government subsidy for petroleum fuels—for gasoline,diesel and LPG-- and cash rebate paid to vehicle owners forthe first six months of 2008 amounted to RM10.25 billion,higher than the RM8.77 billion subsidy for the whole year in2007, according to Dewan Rakyat (Malaysian House ofRepresentative). The annual subsidy could reach up to RM30B/annually if oil prices reach US$ 140/barrel.Datuk Shahrir Samad, Minister of Domestic Trade andConsumer Affairs, said that like gasoline and diesel, the priceof natural gas—at subsidised price, RM 0.68/litre equivalentgasoline or 0.84 RM/Nm3—will not be increased until year end.

Vehicles As mentioned above, NGVs in Malaysia mainly consist ofcars. Apart from taxis in the Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur andits suburbs) and Johor Baru, where 98% of taxis and 50% ofhired cars have been converted to NGVs, the rest are stillrunning on diesel and gasoline. To stimulate the industry, thegovernment plans to use more CNG in public buses andencourage the local automakers to manufacture a speciallydesigned “Malaysia taxi” to be powered by CNG. It is expectedthat 50,000 NGVs will ply along Malaysian roads by 2010.In the city sector, to save fuel cost and environment, theKuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) has decided to switch 150units of its gasoline vehicles to NGVs. It is expected that by endof 2008, the CNG vehicles will be operated. The conversion willresult in fuel saving up to RM70,000/month. The cost of eachconversion kit ranges from RM5,500-RM5,500/kit dependingon the vehicle size, according to Kula Lumpur Mayor DatukAb Hakim Borhan.In its long-term plan, DBKL aims to build its own refuelling

facility and to buy dedicated NGVs. The Return of Investmentfrom building the station can be recovered within two years,added Hakim who has converted its Proton ExecutivePerdana into an NGV. DBKL is discussing with Petronasregarding the possibility of building the stations.

IncentivesTo help the country achieve its 2010 target, the governmentoffers RM50,000 grant for purchase of brand new CKD busand RM25,000 for conversion of bus. Owners of bifuel anddual fuel vehicles are entitled to 25% discount on road tax,while owners of dedicated NGVs will get 50% discount.

More stationsDatuk Anuar Ahmad, the Chairman of Oil & Gas fromPetronas Dagangan Bhd announced in July that the firm willinvest RM500 M in opening 50 CNG refuelling stations duringits current financial year (FY), which will end on March 31st,2009. In July, there were 82 CNG stations in the country. Sountil the end of the current financial year there will be about130 stations although Petronas’ target is to have a total of100 stations until this date. Fifty more stations are planned tobe opened in FY10. It would mean that about 180-200 stations will be in service within the next two years.Meanwhile, the state of Kelantan is offering the exclusive rightsto any petroleum company willing to invest in infrastructure tosupply CNG on commercial basis. The Deputy Mentri BesarDatuk Husam Musa said that the state would also subsidisethe use of NGV conversion kits for LDVs and HDvs while providing NGV storage facilities. The Kelantan government willintroduce an NGV exclusive zone for civil servants and publictransport operators to offset the fuel price hike.

Malaysia 2010: 200 CNG stations andlocally designed CNG taxi

Continued on page 24

September 2008 23

Demand for LPG and CNG cars in Indiarose a lot since the increased of oilprice. To cater the growing demand,automakers launched more CNG/LPGvariants of their existing (gasoline) models. During the last two years, Delhialone has seen a growth of 250% inCNG users in the private segment,showing that more vehicle-owners prefer CNG conversion after gasolineand diesel prices were increased by Rs5 and Rs 3 per litre recently, and especially after CNG prices weredecreased by Rs0.30/kg last March. Consumers and all stakeholders of theindustry expect that better CNG infrastructure such as gas piping andrefuelling stations will be made availablein the immediate future to help a rapiddevelopment of NGV adoption in India.

Indian CNG vehicles mainly ply inMumbai and Delhi. However, demandfor these vehicles has been growing intier II cities like Vijayawada, Vadodara,Agartala, Kanpur, Bareli and Lucknow.An increasing demand for NGVs fromprivate buyers is recorded in most ofthe above-mentioned cities while inNew Delhi demand mainly comes frompublic transport sector.The sales of LPG/CNG kits to OEMgrew by nearly 50% last year, and themuch larger after-sales retrofitting market is also growing at over 10%every year. Until recently, most of the fittings were made in small cars.Additionally, there has been an increasedemand from luxury or sedan vehicles.In the long term, the demand for OEMfitted CNG vehicles in India will expanddue to the ongoing rise in world oilprices. Various LDVs manufacturers that offer

or plan to introduce CNG/bifuel variantsinclude Bajaj Auto, DaimlerChrysler,Ford, General Motors India, Mitsubishiand Hindustan Motors, Hyundai Motors,Mahindra & Mahindra, Maruti UdyongLtd, Tata Motors, and Toyota KirloskarMotor. Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai areeven providing CNG variants of theirmost preferred car brands.

NGV adoptions in India are driven byvarious reasons: cost effectiveness inoperating the vehicle, the growing environmental concern, and the government's measures to implementEuro2 emission norms.Presently CNG is the cheapest fuel for

OEM and retrofitted NGVs forprivate car segment in India

September 200824

transport sector. In Delhi, gasoline issold at Rs55/litre, LPG at Rs 36.54/kgand CNG costing Rs 18.90/kg. The fuelconsumption of diesel or gasoline carsis Rs3.37-Rs 4/km and Rs2.70/km forLPG cars, while for CNG it costsRs0.91-Rs1.10/km. A diesel busrequires Rs9.94 worth of fuel for everykm but the same bus powered by CNGruns at Rs 5.4/km, according to IGLofficials. Additionally, the governmentissued mandates and incentives to promote CNG use. The MunicipalCorporation of Delhi (MCD) plans tocharge owners of large cars higherannual parking fees (Rs 2,500), andcheaper to smaller cars (Rs 1,000) and

Continued from page 23 tuk-tuks (Rs 500), while offering 10%-15% rebate to owners of CNG vehicles.The Calcutta High Court has issued amandate to ban commercial vehiclesregistered on or before January 1,1993, from Kolkata and its outskirts. All auto rickshaws (tuk-tuks) would alsohave to be converted to CNG or LPGsystems, while all two-stroke enginesvehicles have to be phased out by end2008. The Supreme Court has ordered owners of school vans and schoolbuses in Delhi to retrofit their vehicles toCNG mode and to follow the rest of theCourt’s safety guidelines.

The government offers a scheme specially made for the installation ofCNG kits and a digital speed controlunit. So far 6,000 applications havebeen submitted to the TransportDepartment but only 4,500 vans are eligible for plying for schools in the capital. According to an unofficial estimation, there are about 8,500 private school cabs in Delhi.

On the other hand, Petroleum MinisterMurli Deora indicated that an insurancescheme to cover CNG tuk-tuks drivers,which has been implemented in Mumbai,could also be introduced in Delhi.

Enhancing CNG infrastructureTo cope with the high demand for NCGfuel, the state gas distributor GasAuthority of India Ltd (GAIL) is planningto invest US$8 M in the installation ofCNG stations along highways. It willalso expand its gas distribution network(piping) in the 230 chosen cities aroundthe nation. In New Delhi, at least 50new refuelling stations will be built soon.A total of 100 new stations would facilitate NGV owners in Delhi and theNational Capital Region (NCR) beforethe Commonwealth Games 2010 begin.

Brunei to adopt NGVs by 2009With support from the Ministry ofCommunications, a localentrepreneur from BruneiDarussalam in South-East Asia isworking on vehicle retrofit technology aiming to convert LPGvehicles to NGVs.

It is expected that conversion centres and CNG refuelling stationswill also be opened soon.

The first station is scheduled to beoperated by 2009. Target is set tohave 30,000 NGVs in the country by2020

September 2008 25

Mega cities in South Asia are an epitomeof traffic snarls which result in vehicularpollution. Dhaka, a centre of politics andeconomy, and the capital and prime cityof Bangladesh, is no exception. In fact,it depicts a picture of feeble urban civiclife and poverty amidst plenty. Papersdescribe the unfavourable impacts ofpollution in the city and discuss theeconomics of introducing CNG vehiclesin Dhaka. As early as in 1985-1986,Bangladesh Petroleum Corporationstarted a project to use CNG in vehiclesinstead of gasoline. The World Bankdonated Tk 225.1 million to initiate thisproject. The primary goal of the projectwas to reduce vehicular emissions by employing CNG which is less pollutantthan combustion of gasoline. After adecade, in 1996, there were only 86vehicles converted under the project. Inthat year, the vehicle fleet in Dhaka onlyconsisted of 84,411 cars, 9,135 buses,15,600 trucks, 66,360 three- wheelers,and 121,156 two-wheelers. In 2002,there were only five CNG filling stationsin Dhaka. By 2007, a total of 200 CNGstations were operated in Bangladesh. Nowadays, the role of conversion ofvehicles to CNG has become essentialin saving the city from the menace of airpollution. Air pollution from vehicularsources has turned Dhaka into almost a'gas chamber' (gas from petroleumfuels). There is a need to set up sufficient number of CNG filling stationsto cater the growing demand as a largenumber of vehicles are converted toCNG. Government of Bangladesh hasissued several regulations accordingly:• All CNG vehicles have to meet the NZ5454 standard;• CNG cylinder must comply the ISO11439;• Electrically Operated Solenoid Valve withCylinder Shut-off Valve is compulsory forCNG Heavy-Duty Vehicles;• CNG cylinders should be tested afterevery five years of use.Presently, around 132,000 registeredretrofitted-NGVs ply in Dhaka,Chittagong and Comilla roads. Thenumber of CNG filling stations stands at229 with 19 more ready to be openedwithin a couple of months.CNG is sold at Taka 16.75/m3. In thewake of galloping prices of conventionalfuels and environmental concerns, thegovernment has been encouragingpeople to convert their vehicles to runon the “cheap and clean” CNG. CNG

becomes popular with more conversioncentres and pumps being installed bythe private sector. As such, our companyBus King Company (Pvt.) Ltd & A KingCorporation, imports CNG equipment,such as conversion kits, and cylinders.We are the first company to introduceCity and Intercity Bus on CNG inBangladesh. Activities related to development of domestic gas marketsuch as CNG programme in Dhaka giveimpetus to gas exploration and infras-tructure development, and put off theimportation of gasoline.

By: Azad Ali Khan, MD Bus King Company

History of CNG industry in Bangladesh

September 200826

Due to the recent oil price hike, demandfor vehicle conversion to NGVs rosesharply. The price for converting vehicles including CNG cylinder alsoincreased. The price tag for a 60-litrecylinder carburettor kit rose from Tk45,000 to Tk 54,000-Tk 60,000. Now, a 90-litre cylinder carburettor kitcosts Tk70,000-Tk80,000 while it wassold at Tk 62,000 before. The costs ofvehicle conversion soared by Tk 10,000over the past 18 months and Tk 20,000over the past four years, according to

Monwar Hossain, Manager (operations)of Navana CNG. Yet, traditionally fuelledvehicle owners believe that they can offset the conversion fee within 6-8months, depending on the vehicle size.So, conversion to CNG is still popularand favourable.Apart from that, the CommunicationsMinistry’s approval to add 5,000 yellowCNG tuk-tuks (three-wheelers) in Dhakadecided in November 2007 finally willbe out into action. The BangladeshRoad Transport Authority (BRTA) invites

drivers to apply for the ownership ofthese new tuk-tuks. Should the numberof applicants cross 5,000, then the winner will be determined through lottery system. Each winner would haveto keep the ownership of the vehiclewithin three years at the minimum.Winners will be allowed to buy CNGtuk-tuks from Uttara Motors at aroundTk 262, 500—the sole importer of CNGthree-wheelers at present—or fromother importers. Any motor vehicleimporters are now free to import andsell CNG auto rickshaws at a government fixed price. With the coming of new tuk-tuks, thetotal number of CNG auto-rickshaws inDhaka city will rise to around 18,000from the existing green-coloured-fleet of13,000.

Safety concernIn terms of vehicle conversion, safety isan important issue for all NGV countriesincluding those in Asia, especially inBangladesh, India, Malaysia, Pakistan,and Thailand. Currently, those countriesare facing issues with illegal vehicleconversion which main problem ispointed at the usage of substandardconversion components including cylinders (i.e. old CNG tanks, LPG,cooking, O2 tanks, etc), and uncertified/unskilled engineers in unlicensed workshops. The governmentand a regulatory body are working onthis issue.

24-hours CNG stationTo facilitate NGV users and to ease theirfrustration from long queue and discontinuous service due to the poweroutage, Rahimafrooz Group, an automotive and industrial battery manufacturer, has opened four units of24-hours-CNG-refuelling-stations andoffered an electronic billing systemunder the Quickfill logo. The Groupoffers their service to other stationinvestors who wish to use the Quickfill(Franchise) system. Soon, the Groupwill also launch more CNG conversionworkshops and an Innovative CustomerServices programme.

Vehicle conversion andimported NGVs in Bangladesh

Towards a clean and sustainable mobility

17-19JUNIOJUNE

2009Feria de MadridMadrid FairPabellón 1 Pavilion 1

[email protected]

Hacia una movilidadlimpia y sostenible

Un evento de An event of

Organizado por Organized by

September 200828

P500 million funding for AFVs programmeTo lower oil demand in transport sector, some actors from thePhilippines authorities expect that the importation of Hybrid andCNG vehicles will be allowed for a period of at least three years.Efforts were also made towards the granting of free duties andimport taxes for those who import these “clean” vehicles.

Prospero C. Nograles and Agusan del Sur RepresentativeRodolfo Plaza jointly filed a House Resolution directing theCommittees on Ways and Means, Science and Technologyand Trade and Industry to conduct joint hearings to identifymeasures that promote the development and use of hybridand other “clean” vehicles and equipment in the Philippines.The resolution includes the grant of appropriate tax exemptions and incentives for such purpose. Since last year,the government is (more) actively looking for ways to promoteCNG as vehicular fuel.

Energy Secretary Angelo T. Reyes and top executive of BRCGas Equipment met to discuss about investment in vehiclesconversion to CNG/LPG. BRC executive also met with thePilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation and bus operators tosee the possibility of constructing CNG mother and daughterstations using a hydraulic compressor system. With this system refuelling time will be decreased from 15 minutes whenusing the current facility to fill up buses to two minutes only.

Currently, the Metro Manila has 3,000 public buses and theIntegrated Metro Bus Operators Association expects that allbuses will be switched to CNG. The government aspires tohave 2,000 CNG buses in the country by 2010. This wouldrequire the establishment of more CNG stations and infrastructure. Upon the positive sign from the PhilippinesDepartment of Energy, Callandra CNG Fuels Corp, anAmerican energy firm, is going to construct six CNG stationsin Metro Manila, aiming to start opening the facility by 2010.The present challenges in the CNG bus adoption programmeis the cost of conversion (P20 M/unit), which is much higherthan the price of a brand new diesel bus (P5.5 M). However, thegovernment recently allocated P500M funding for transport sector, for vehicle conversion to alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs).The funding will be allocated through a novel micro-financingprogramme.

Besides, the Return of Investment will also be balanced up bythe low fuel price. CNG retail price at P14.70 is only a quarterof diesel’s, at P58/litre. Premium gasoline costs even higher,up to P59.26/litre. Unlike consumers in many Asian countrieswhich subsidise fuel prices, Filipinos are forced to pay the free-market rate for petroleum products. So far this year, they havebeen hit with 19 price hikes for a total increase of over 35% asglobal oil prices climbed up. CNG remains as cheap fuel.

To further support the business, President Arroyo signalledthe start of the construction of a grand transport terminal forpublic utility vehicles powered by alternative fuels such asCNG for buses, hybrid and LPG. In relation with the PM500M funding, the President had directed the Department ofTransportation and Communications (DOTC) to provide assistance to the land transport sector through technical aidand the encouragement of the use of AFVs. DOTC hasplanned, amongst others, to finance a business plan for LPGand CNG conversion in which P2 million will be allocated.Another P2 million will be allotted for vehicle technology verification and testing project. The development of CNGinfrastructure will cost about P300 M; P250 M for engineconversion program, and P1.5 M for information campaign.

September 2008 29

Iran converts 20,000vehicles per monthThe Minister of Oil of Iran Gholamhossein Nozari predictedthat the number of cars of all fuels in the country will rise from9 million to 23 million in the Fifth Development Plan (untilMarch 2008-2009). During the past year, 700,000 NGVs wereproduced in this country. Gas-Khodro Iran Co. reported thatthe number of vehicles being converted to NGVs was 20,000units per month. Currently, there are 826,585 bifuel cars ply-ing on Iran roads.

Iran-Khodro (IKCO) is developing 1.7 litre and 1.4 litre bifuelengines, which are designed as CNG based engines. Byusing this engine, the performance of the car on CNG in thebi-fuel mode will be much better than other existing OEMbifuel engines which were designed as gasoline basedengines. In August, Nozari underlined the extreme importanceof safety in the CNG industry. He encouraged private sectorto do more research on this issue.

Iran has 519 CNG stations. Until the beginning of August thisyear, about 120 stations were put in service, compared to the200 new units from last year.

CNG is sold at 200 Rials/m3 in the country, while a litre dieselis sold at 160 Rials and regular gasoline at 1,000 Rials.Premium gasoline’s price was increased from 1,400 Rials/litrein May 2008 to 5,400 Rials in August.

September 200830

Many automakers are planning to produce more CNG variants of their vehicles. Below are the most recentannouncements from car manufacturers in Asian countries.

ChinaChina-based automaker Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd hasrolled out the first batch of 54 bifuel cars—Free Cruiser andVisian— at its production base Ningbo, this year.Geely has targeted at selling 3,000 NG cars this year.

Chinese partner of Nissan, Dongfeng Motor has announcedan ambitious mid-term business plan for 2008-2012 focusedon building a stronger market position and increased globalcompetitiveness. Within its “environmentally-friendly” segmentin its total strategy, Dongfeng will explore alternative fuels fortrucks, such as those powered by LNG.

Lifan 520 bifuel Sedan from Chongqing Lifan is scheduled tobe launched in China this summer. The sedans have beenexported to Peru since February this year.

Volkswagen Group (China) provided 30 environmentally-friendly cars including the bifuel quasi-monovalent TouranEcoFuel to the 2008 Olympic “Green Fleet”. The quasi-mono-valent CNG/gasoline is specially designed to run on CNG,while gasoline is considered as reserve fuel only.

In 2009 Fiat will launch the CNG version of its small car Palioin India. The Company is considering introducing bifuel

versions in its vehicle range, probably in Palio Stile, GrandePunto, and the Linea models.

Mahindra & Mahindra (MM) announced that it would introduce the CNG version of SUV Scorpio in due time, asstated by MM’s Vice President Vivek Nayer. MM launchedCNG Bolero Pick-up in July this year. The firm also has CNGvariants of Alfa in the small-tuk-tuk category and Champion inlarge-tuk-tuk category.

CNG variants of passenger cars are hot in Asia

September 2008 31

Following Hyundai (Santro and Accent), Maruti and Tata Motors,India’s fifth largest automaker - General Motors will launch CNGand LPG fuel variants of Spark, Aveo U-VA and Aveo.

Malaysian-based automaker, Proton is negotiating a joint venture in India to produce and sell its cars in 2009. Thecompany is also developing AFV such as NGVs to be sold inIndian market. Over 75% of cars sold in this market arehatchbacks and compacts, ideal for a company like Proton.Therefore, the firm have set a target to increase its total salesvolume to 300,000 units in 2010 through the new market.

The Malay government expects that Proton will design a“Malaysian taxi” in its scheme to standardise taxis in thecountry. The taxi should have more space for passengers andluggage. Under the plan debated by the Cabinet this year, theexisting taxis will be phased out gradually and replaced with astandard model that would also be fitted with a fuel-savingdevice as well as CNG kit. The new taxi is expected to berolled out in 2010. Proton would start fitting new taxis (of

current models Waja, Saga and Persona) with the CNG kitsat its factory and they would be sold in the local market byend 2008.

To celebrate Malaysian Independence Day, Hyundai and itslocal distributor Kah Bintang offer a save up to 45% on inter-est rate to buyers of several Hyundai cars. It also offers to fitNGV system to its cars with standard warranty. With savingsof RM2.000, the NGV kits are offered for buyers of Accent1.4L and 1.6L models.

Continued on page 32

September 200832

Meanwhile, Malaysian leading automotive company, the NazaGroup of Companies, is looking for the opportunity to worktogether with OCBC Bank to offer customers financing for theinstallation of the NG facility in cars. The Group is looking atthe possibility of expanding the NGV facility to its other rangeof vehicles, besides the Naza Ria CNG.

Among the OEMs, Mercedes-Benz pioneered the CNG market in Thailand with its 200 NGT in the premium segment,followed by Chevrolet Optra sedan and Colorado CNG dual-fuel pickup, the first for the pick-up segment.

Hyundai offers Sonata 2.0 EL and 2.0 SP bi-fuel variants,capable of running on CNG and Gasohol. Toyota MotorThailand will launch a bifuel version of Corolla Altis by end of2008. Toyota is ready to sell CNG-equipped limos to taxioperators soon. Mitsubishi (Lancer sedan) and Tata (Xenon)plan to introduce CNG vehicles by year-end.

General Motors will collaborate with PTT to develop AFVs forThailand and Southeast Asian countries. Possible partnershipwould include research activities in CNG bifuel and dual fuelsegment.The local Honda assembly plant has no present plan to produce NGVs, but it sells a CNG variant of Civic in China.On the competitor’s side, the government expects that800,000 energy-efficient eco-cars will be produced inThailand on an annual basis. To date, the Thai Board ofInvestment has approved eco-cars investment proposals fromHonda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Suzuki, Toyota, and Tata Motors.The eco-cars will be entitled to a reduced-excise-tax of 17%

compared to the normal rate of 30%-50%. To be qualified asan eco-car, the vehicle must have engine size of less than 1,400cc, comply with the EURO4 emission standard, and the fuelconsumption must not be higher than 1 litre (equivalent)/20 km.China-based Dongfeng Motor is planning to ship 400 CNGcommercial vehicles including CNG tractors to Thailand this year.

Iran-Khodro (IKCO), the Middle East’s largest automaker,decided to export half of its total products in 2016. The firmclaimed that it play a key role in CNG-powered engine pro-duction and design across the globe. The company hasdecided to export more CNG-powered engines mainly toMuslim countries. About 2.8 M vehicles of various fuels havebeen produced by Iran-Khodro in the last six years.

IKCO is conducting an online manufacturing of Peugeot 206CNG, a bifuel car that meet EURO4 emission standard. Thecar, which was developed together with Peugeot company,can be delivered in compliance with EURO2 as well. The production capacity is 60,000 cars per year.

Continued from page 31

��

��

�� !��"��#$��%�&�%

'"�� ((�!�)�� !��"��#"�$%�� &' (�) ��)))*("*&' (�) �+!�+,�

��"��&��-��.�� %�+&��.��.��

OEM Caravan tour in RussiaOn September 17 – 20, 2008, Gazprom will organize an “NGVCaravan” from Saint-Petersburg to Moscow over a 720km dis-tance. Several OEM NGVs will join the tour to promote NG asvehicular fuel. During the Gas into Engines -2008 conference onSeptember 22nd, a welcome ceremony for the NGV Caravan willbe organised. From the conference venue in Moscow, the Caravanwill drive to Sokol’niki park and exposition area –venue of the 6thannual GasSUF Exhibition in September, which is also sponsoredby Gazprom and NGVRUS. The NGV Caravan will actually symbolize the practical opening of the Blue Corridor phase I: Saint-Petersburg — Moscow.

September 2008 33

September 200834

Rainbow CNG has been operatingin the field of CNG in the FarEast for over five years. Thecountries we operate in are:Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand,Philippines, Indonesia andSingapore. Our extensive experience and network of connections has enabled manyAsian customers to take advantage of the best possibletechnology from both Europe andArgentina, the world’s leaders inconverting vehicles to vehicleswith cheaper fuels such as thosepowered by CNG and LPG.Rainbow’s early start in this market positioned it exceptionallywell in the light of the proposedsubsidy cuts to diesel and gasoline fuel across many Far

East Asian nations, fromMalaysia to Indonesia andThailand. The cash strapped inthese nations compel the governments to revise their fuelpolicy, making these marketsextremely exciting for all manufactures and suppliers ofCNG/LPG manufactures which have seena tremendous surge in demandfor their products.Rainbow has seen an extensiveincrease in the orders for conversion kits in both LPG andCNG for small gasoline vehicles.Also, owners of truck fleets areincreasingly realising that thereare substantial savings in usingthese alternative fuels.Thanks to its broad experiencein running its own filling stationsand conversion centres inBangladesh, Rainbow can provide its prompt and highquality technical advise andservice to its customers in all FarEast countries. Our customers can use the

extensive data we have collected in the operation of filling stations to aid choosing themost suitable configuration fortheir needs. We can also providetraining for technicians in ourconversion centres and/or sendour experts on site whererequired. Rainbow engages incontinuous research togetherwith its partners in order to provide its customers with themost advanced technological packages at the best possibleprices. By resorting to our

BusinessCentreRainbow CNG

services, the customers can havea one stop solution to all theirenquiries as we have already carried out the research for them.Our main mission is to deliveroutstanding service to the largesatisfaction of our customers,and the good relationshipsbetween us and our supplierssupports this endeavour. Rainbow can also provide attractive investment packagesfor those seeking opportunities inthe fields of CNG/LPG.www.rainbowcngsystems.com

September 2008 35

Omnitek develops and suppliesnew NG engines, advancedengine management systems forgaseous fuels and is the manufacturer of a proprietarytechnology used to convert oldor new diesel engines to operateon NG. The firm's advancedengine management system anddiesel-to-NG conversion technology, have establishedOmnitek as a leader in theindustry.The increase in the world oilprices has really helped increasing the popularity of NGfuel and the technology to convert old diesel engines to NG. Omnitek estimates the popula-tion of heavy-duty diesel vehi-cles and stationary engines

around the world, which can beconverted using its Diesel-to-NGConversion Technology andoffer the best ROI is approaching ten million engines. The company had a great yearin 2007 and 2008 is shaping upto be even better. Shipments oforders to Asia are up over 300%and have increased to a pointwhere it is difficult for us to keep up.Our technology is currently successfully being used to convert diesel engines to NG inover 12 countries. Omnitek hasa strong presence in the Asiaregion since 2004, distributingconversion kits to local workshops and authorized distributors, and has about 50new Omnitek CNG engines running in Thailand.

High growth in AsianmarketIn 2008, we formed a joint venture with CYT Gas Tech Co.

Diesel-to-gas vehicle conversion

Later this year, Omnitek is planning to open a super-conversion centre inBangkok, with space to convertabout 100 vehicles/week. In 2009, our customers will seeus entering the markets inMalaysia, Indonesia, Vietnamand the Philippines.

Werner Funk, CEO, Omnitek

Engineering, Corp. tel. +1 760 591,

0089, [email protected],

www.omnitekcorp.com.

"Supplying alternative energy and

emissions control solutions that

are sustainable and affordable."

BusinessCentre

Ltd. and set up OmnitekEngineering Thailand Co. Ltd.,to sell Omnitek products inThailand. Apart from that, weestablished two separate business units for engineeringand conversion centres. The engineering unit is responsible for training conversion kit installers worldwide and has a fleet of 5trucks to service conversionworkshops, and is dealing withwarranty issues. We have twoconversion centres in Chonburi,and are also looking to openadditional workshops

BusinessCentreSeptember 200836

KROHNE will be exhibiting itsOPTIGAS CNG Mass flowmeterfor use in CNG / LPG dispenserson stand F5 at the 2nd World Fairon NGV, Biogas & H2V in Turin,Italy from 25-27th September 2008.The OPTIGAS from KROHNE is astate-of-the-art mass flowmeterfor metering compressed naturalgas in dispensers and was developed and tested in close collaboration with leading dispenser manufacturers. Safety and ease of handling wereuppermost in the design specification, with the slim linedesign ensuring ease of installation.As commercial and private vehicles have different sized fueltanks, KROHNE has developedthe OPTIGAS in two sizes to

ensure accurate batches andfast filling times. The smallersize is the S15 ½” meter,designed for flow rates to50kg/min and ideally suited for domestic (car)filling. The S25 1” meter coversflow rates to 120kg/min for use incommercial (bus and truck) filling.The OPTIGAS 5050 C meter isavailable with a standard transmitterwith 24 V DC / 110 V / 220 V ACsupply. Outputs are pulse, 4-20mA and a status contact.A second lower cost variationOPTIGAS 5010 C is available ina compact construction withoutthe main transmitter. This meter utilises a transducer mounted sensor electronics which has adirect Modbus output. This digitaloutput can be taken straight intothe dispenser electronics and allparameters from the flowmeter areavailable (flow rate, totalised valuesetc.).KROHNE is a worldwide leader in

Coriolis mass flowmeter technologyand since launching the OPTIGASto the alternative fuels market, themeter has become the standardfor many dispenser manufacturers. Substantial investment has beenmade in KROHNE’s manufacturingand calibration facilities at itsCoriolis centre of excellence in theUK. State of the art automatedcalibration facilities and a

Mass flowmeters for CNG / LPG dispensers dedicated production cell ensuresthat the product is built and calibrated to the highest standardswith short delivery times.The mechanical design of the

OPTIGAS fulfils all the criteria ofthe European PressureEquipment Directive as well asthe ASME requirements for theUS market.In terms of international requiredapprovals, all meters are availablewith NTEP (US) and PTB(German) custody transferapproval, hazardous areasapprovals are certified by NEPSI,

FM and ATEX.OPTIGAS should be in your

dispenser!

Contact: KROHNE Limited, 34-38

Rutherford Drive, Park Farm

Industrial Estate, Wellingborough

Northants, NN8 6AE,

United Kingdom.

Tel. +44 (0) 1933 408565,

cell +44 (0) 7876 130072,

fax +44 (0) 1933 408589,

[email protected]

Liquid Natural Gas The SMART Fuel System for Today

Phone1-800-838-0856

Fax 1-952-758-8293

Worldwide1-952-758-4484

Chart Inc.407 Seventh Street NWNew Prague, MN 56071

www.chart-ind.comwww.nexgenfueling.com

L I Q U E F A C T I O N | D I S T R I B U T I O N | S T O R A G E | V E H I C L E F U E L I N G |

NexGen Fueling provides all the equipment needed for LNG Lique-faction, Distribution, Storage and Vehicle Fueling. From the liquefier to the on-board fueling system, we have the innovation, experience and performance to make your system integrate seam-lessly. When you choose Chart’s NexGen Fueling, you get single-source accountability for your en-tire LNG system.

LNGq saGlarutaNdiuqiL

yehT TRAMS yy adoTToroffometsySleuF

honeP1-800-838-0856

NOITCAFEUQIL | UBIRTSID

NexGequi

tfacand lique

esysteexp

NOIT | EGAROTS | GNILEUFELCIHEV |

theallvidesoprueling FFuenGLNGforneededipment Lique-

ion, Distribution, S ageortVehicle F . ueling theomrFFr

fuelingd oaron-btheotefier ation,vinnotheehavewem,

oteformancerpandeerienc

axF1-952-758-8293

ldwideorW1-952-758-4484

.nct IChareet NWtrth Senev407 S

, MN 56071aguerNew P

om.c-indt.charwwwom.cxgenfueling.newww

eexpmaklesslyNexGsour

e Ltir

oteformancerpandeeriencseameategrintemsystouryekke -

s’’stCharose choouyhen WWh. yy.-singleget ou y, uelingg,FFuen G

enour yfor y ountabilittycace cr -em.LNG syst

September 2008 37

Lat May, Hale Hamilton established a new AlternativeFuel Business Unit to focusspecifically on products for natural gas vehicle (NGV) market.NGVs have grown in number tomore than 7 M worldwide andare expected to reach some 10million by 2010. There arealready over 12,000 filling stations with compressed natural gas available, and thisfigure is growing at a similarrate. Gas fuelled vehicles represent significant advantagesover gasoline and diesel vehiclesin environmental and economicterms making them a popularchoice in many countries.Hale Hamilton manufacture arange of pressure and flow

control components and systems used in the storage,compression and dispensing ofgas fuels and have served thismarket for a number of years.Their Alternative Fuels BusinessUnit has been formed to focuson this rapidly growing sector,and to provide the highest levelsof customer service. HaleHamilton also plan to expandtheir product range in this area.Josh Freeman, Business UnitManager stated "Our success in

the last 3 years demonstratesthe value proposition offered byour manifolds for Priority FillSystems, Compressors andDispensers. With the new organization in place, we willfocus on accelerating productdevelopment and on rapid market penetration to furthersupport this growing market".

Hale Hamilton Valves Ltd., located in Uxbridge UK, is aleading manufacturer of high

pressure flow control equipmentfor demanding applications, withover 60 years experience ofserving a wide range of industries. It is part of CIRCORInternational Inc. (NYSE) withrevenues of approximately$670m in 2007.

Contact Hale Hamilton Valves Ltd:

Josh Freeman, AF Business Unit

Manager, +441895 457553 or Ian

Davies, Industrial Sales Director,

+441895 457541

BusinessCentreHale Hamilton launch Alternative Fuel Business Unit

September 200838

BusinessCentre

1.Market potentialThe market of CNG for the transportationsector is growing rapidly, presently amounting to about 8 M NGVs worldwideand expected to reach 50 M by 2020. The major European automakers, FIAT, MERCEDES, VOLVO, SCANIA, IVECO-RENAULT, MAN and CITROEN to name afew, have special dedicated lines for the production of NGVs, driven by a tendencymotivated by ecological and economic backgrounds. And the necessity for an alternative to steel as a raw material, asweight saving is a critical issue.

For the above reasons, VEM has been dedicating specific attention to the R&D ofCNG cylinders, both from a final productpoint of view and from a production technology and know-how point of view.

2. VEM technology andknow-howVEM technology covers the design and production of the following cylinder types:• CNG-2 Hoop wrapped metal (aluminium) liner• CNG-3 Fully wrapped metal (aluminium) liner• CNG-4 Fully wrapped thermoplastic liner• ND 100 – 600 mm• NP 200 – 700 bar• Design ISIRI 7598, ANSI, ISO 11439,DOT, ECE/ONU R 110.

Design & production sequence:• Liner design: FEM thickness analysis

• Liner production (roto-moulding or spinforming)• Fibre stacking: lay-out calculation• CN codification: fibre winding path• Wrapping: fibreglass and/or carbon.• Testing: as per required standards.

Cylinder composition• LinerThe liner is produced with nano-compositeNylon by rotational moulding. Two metalinserts are positioned in the liner, one ofwhich is threaded to house the valve.• Structural reinforcement: Solution A – only CarbonFully wrapped mechanical structure with heli-cally wound and hoop wound layers of car-bon fibres, impregnated with toughenedEpoxy resin.• Structural reinforcement: Solution B – HybridFully wrapped hybrid structure, consisting ofalternate layers of carbon and glass in theratio 60/40, impregnated with toughenedEpoxy resin.• Structural reinforcement: Solution C – only GlassFully wrapped mechanical structure with helically wound and hoop wound layers ofglass fibres, impregnated with Vinylester resin.

VEM production equipmentrange and certification:• FW machines with 5 axes, working on afull wrapping technique basis.• UV/IR polymerization station• Handling and Transfer system• Hydraulic test station (ISO 11439 standard)• Conformity test stations• Product certification/approval in accordance with ISIRI 7598, ANSI, ISO11439, DOT, ECE/ONU R 110.

Contact: VEM S.p.A, via Paolo Sarpi, 20 – 33100

Udine (UD) Italy, tel.+39 0432 204448, fax.+39

0432 510572, [email protected],

www.cimtec-holding.it

Design, manufacturing, installation and training

of continuous and discontinuous filament wind-

ing plants for the production of CNG cylinders,

pipes, tanks, poles and pylons.

Composite CNG cylinder technology

September 2008 39

BusinessCentre

Representing almost 6% of thetotal NG consumption, PakistanCNG market has shown a biggrowth during the last five yearsand the trend is expected tocontinue. The country has over2,200 CNG stations by mid2008. The rapid growth in theCNG sector is due to supportfrom the Government, confidenceof the investors and positiveresponse of private sector inmanufacturing CNG equipment.Tesla emerged as a vanguardmanufacturer who, in 2003,started the commercial manufacturing and sale of itspatented state-of-the-art digitalmass flow dispenser with 15"LCD touch screen. Todayalmost 50% of the CNG stations

in Pakistan are using TESLACNG products and they are alsobeing exported to regionalcountries like Thailand, Malaysia,Indonesia and Bangladesh.Tesla, a blend of engineeringand innovative design / manufacturing facility comprisedof highly qualified engineeringpersonnel, was founded in 1992in Islamabad. Tesla is currentlyPakistan's largest manufacturerof CNG/NGV control devicesand regulation equipment, withintegrated service centers network in more than 20 citiesacross the country, serving onjust a phone call. Company certifications include ISO9001:2000, BEAB, Advantica ,OGRA , HDIP and PTT.

Tesla product rangeincludes ® CNG dispenser, 6 modelswith highest possible limit ofaccuracy, gas leakage detectors

and high tech software providingsales data at the managerial level; ® CNG/LPG conversion kits,engineered to meet the regionalrequirements; The most competitive choice for the 3wheeler OEMs with technological support for theirunique solutions; suitable forengines from 50cc to 3,000 cc,both carburetor and Efi.® CNG compressors &Booster (hydraulic)® Storage cascades® Priority fill panels

® Compressor controls® Gas leakage detectors TESLA is now expanding itsmanufacturing base to SouthAsian countries by entering inToT agreements with leadingregional companies so thatcountries may not only benefitfrom the proven technology butalso save foreign exchangeapart from creating localemployment opportunities. Tesla Industries Pvt Ltd,

[email protected],

www.tesla-tech.com

Tesla, pioneers in manufacturing quality and innovation in Pakistan

September 200840

Asian NGV statisticsNGV statistics

CountryNatural Gas Vehicles

OthersTotalAsia Cars/LDVs MD/HD

BusesMD/HDTrucks

Refuelling Stations Average monthly gasconsumptionTotal Public Private

Last update

Pakistan 1.650.000 1.599.960 40 50.000 1.923 1.923 200 January 2008Iran 826.585 823.932 2.641 12 519 476 43 680 April 2008India 821.872 315.200 12.000 715 493.957 325 6 319 60 52,00 March 2008China 336.062 95.545 45.321 100 195.096 561 453 108 1 193,33 January 2008Bangladesh 180.000 46.602 1.553 8.355 123.490 229 6 223 13 13 21,36 April 2008Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 214 9 205 8 23,80 March 2008Thailand 100.528 83.361 4.535 10.962 1.670 228 203 25 77 69,86 August 2008Russia 95.000 18.000 8.000 35.000 34.000 222 214 8 5 8 24,00 December 2007Egypt 87.733 58.370 5.367 3.356 20.640 115 111 4 18 30,00 March 2008Uzbekistan 47.000 47.000 43 43 4,25 December 2007Malaysia 35.258 35.077 170 11 85 83 2 41 10 14,80 August 2008Japan 34.203 13.168 1.402 18.481 1.152 327 294 33 680 March 2008Korea 15.523 137 15.097 289 121 121 13 December 2007Myanmar (Burma) 10.900 2.902 6.373 1.625 20 20 December 2006Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 4,13 December 2007Kyrgyzstan 6.000 6.000 6 6 0,60 December 2007Turkey 3.056 2.564 492 9 5 4 1 0,40 July 2008Georgia 3.000 3.000 4 4 December 2007Indonesia 2.453 1.755 238 210 250 9 9 3 March 2008Australia 2.453 130 1.263 1.060 146 127 19 130 March 2007Singapore 1.818 1.800 12 4 2 3 3 2 August 2008United Arab Emirates 305 305 0 0 2 1 1 March 2007New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 March 2007Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 February 2006Taiwan 4 4 1 1 April 2005Total Asia 4.372.024 3.229.570 114.430 98.181 929.843 5.182 4.172 1.010 1.108 855 438,53 August 2008

VRAUnderconstruction

Fuel price, 2008

World Reviews

Country

Armenia 0,79 0,73 0,71 0,27 0,24 0,28Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,10 0,09 0,10China 0,48 0,43 0,40 0,26 0,23 0,27Egypt 0,19 0,13 0,08 0,06 0,05 0,06India 0,83 0,76 0,53 0,27 0,24 0,28Indonesia 0,56 0,50 0,62 0,19 0,17 0,19Iran 0,390 0,071 0,011 0,014 0,013 0,014Japan 1,02 0,96 0,83 0,46 0,35 0,39Korea 1,18 1,18 0,44 0,39 0,45Kyrgyzstan 0,46 0,40 0,32 0,23 0,21 0,24Malaysia 0,54 0,37 0,50 0,17 0,15 0,17Pakistan 0,65 0,46 0,31 0,28 0,32Philippines 0,89 0,87 0,22 0,20 0,23Russia 0,55 0,46 0,48 0,19 0,17 0,19Singapore 1,03 0,92 0,86 0,52 0,46 0,53Tajikistan 0,55 0,45 0,21 0,19 0,22Thailand 0,75 0,72 0,66 0,17 0,15 0,17Turkey 1,70 1,60 1,26 0,78 0,68 0,76Uzbekistan 0,49 0,34 0,34 0,11 0,10 0,11

PremiumGasoline(Euro/litre)

RegularGasoline(Euro/litre)

Diesel(Euro/litre)

CNG(Euro/m3)

CNG price equivalent perlitre gasoline

CNG price equivalent per

litre diesel

Notes: The numbers of NGVs in the "other vehicles" column in countries marked with * indicate uncertainties about fleet composition.In Japan, among other vehicles are fork lifts, etc, while in New Zealand it includes tractors, etc.The 248,919 NGVs and 489 refuelling stations from Eurosian countries are already includedin the above Asian counting.

RegionTotalNGVs

Cars/LDVsMD/HDBuses

MD/HDTrucks

Othersfuellingstations

Asia 4.223.968 3.159.006 105.938 63.181 895.843 4.904

Eurasia 148.056 70.564 8.492 35.000 34.000 278

Europe 857.455 717.981 40.170 45.425 53.879 2.510

Africa 226 220 6 7

South America 3.717.713 3.635.567 13.820 9.660 58.666 4.138

North America 112.140 96.000 11.240 2.500 2.400 1.201 La soluzione attualeper un trasporto miglioreToday's solutionfor a better transport

12a Conferenza ed Esposizione fieristica dell’AssociazioneInternazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV12th Conference and Exhibition of the International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles - IANGV

Dal 8 al 10 giugno 2010June 8-10, 2010Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome FairPadiglioni 9, 10 e area esterna Pavilions 9, 10 and outdoor areaRoma, Italia Rome, Italy

Un evento diAn event of

Ospitato da Hosted by

Organizzato da Organized by

[email protected]

Volume III Number 19 September 2008 Billion and million...

Documents

Transcript of Volume III Number 19 September 2008 Billion and million...