VOLUME II A LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX...
247
ASPECTS OF THE PHONOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE RURAL DIALECTS OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX VOLUME II A LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX by DAVID JOHN NORTH, M.A. ,\/ Submitted in fUlfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The UDiversit.Y of Leeds School of English Institute of Dialect and Folk Life Studies September 1982
Transcript of VOLUME II A LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX...
ASPECTS OF THE PHONOLOGY
AND AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY
OF THE RURAL DIALECTS
OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX
VOLUME II
A LINGUISTIC ATLAS OF SURREY, KENT AND SUSSEX
by
DAVID JOHN NORTH, M.A. ,\/
Submitted in fUlfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
The UDiversit.Y of Leeds
School of English
Institute of Dialect and Folk Life Studies
September 1982
VOLUME ll: CONT]}TTS
Summary !! Maps !.!!!! Tables
Maps P1-P58: phonological maps (vowels)
Maps FP1-FP15: phonemic ~es and oppositions (vowels)
Maps pC1-pC6: phonological maps (consonants)
Maps L1-L 77: lexical maps
Maps M1-M4-: material cultural maps
Maps A1 -A9: dialect areas
Maps G1-G3: landscape and topography
Tables T1-T25: frequency and distribution tables for allophones of
vowel diaphonemes
Tables C1-C5: indices for participation in phonetic changes
Tables TP1-TP4: phonemic opposi tiona
Tables TA1-TA7: dialect areas
Maps Xi-X3 (in pocket): overlay maps corresponding to G1-G3
Index to Lexical Notions Mapped
Introduction:
1. The Network of Localities
2. Mapping Conventions
3. Abbreviations
Map i: The Network of Localities
KAPS -Variation ~~ Lexical Distribution ~ Diaphonemes
P1 Distribution of SKSE (e) < OE ! P2 Index scores for SKSE (u) corresponding to RP / A/ P3 Distribution of' SKSE (i) in words with /i:/ in RP
P4- Distribution of' SKSE (u) in words with /u:/ in RP
P5 Frequency of SKSE (00) before (f,s,e)
P6 Frequency with which SKSE (iu) represents eMIlE iu
P7 Distribution of' SKSE (uu) in words with /ju:/ in RP
P8 Distribution of SKSE (ai) in words with /01./ in RP
P9 Distribution of' SKSE (ui)
x
xi
xi
xii
P10 Distribution of SKSE (ui) and [01.] allophonio ~e <-(oi) in boy only
P11 Distribution of' SKSE (ou)
i
ii
P12 Distribution of SKSE (er) in words with /1.el in RP
P13 Distribution of SKSE (ir) in woros with leel in RP P14 Area in which lexical distribution of SKSE (ir:er) is
different from that of RP /1.e:eel P15 Distribution of SKSE (Ar) in words with lee/'in RP
P16 Distribution of SKSE Cur) in words other than manure
Phonetic Realization ~ Diaphonemes
~.w. P17 Distribution of [~] allophonio t,ype
P18 Distribution of [\] allophonio type
~.w. P19 Frequency of [f] allophonic type
P20 Distribution of [~] allophonic t.ype
~hl P21 Frequency of [e] allophonic type
P22 Frequency of [a] allophonic t,ype
P23 Index scores for raising of lrel phonemic type
P24 Distribution of allophonic raising before velar consonants
P25 Distribution of allophonic lowering before (l,m,n)
~hl P26 Index scores for unrounding
P27 Preservation as (a) of ME ! after !!
~hl P28 Frequency of [X] allophonic type
P29 Frequency of ['0] allophonic type
~.w. P30 Frequency of [9] allophonic type
P31 Frequency of [0] allophonic type
~i!!l P32 Frequency of· [a:] . allophonic type
P33 Index scores for retraction
~12.2.l p~ Distribution of [00] allophonic type
.§!§!~ P35 Frequency of [e,,] allophonic type
P,36 Frequency of [re,,] allophonio type
P37 Frequency of [!: .... ] allophonio t.ype
P38 Distribution of [Eel and [e:] allophonio types
P39 Distribution of [e] allophonio type
iii
SKSE 1.ill P4-0 Frequency of [9,,] allophonio type
P4-1 Frequency of [a,,] allophonio type
P42 Frequency of [cil.] allophonic type
P4-3 Frequency of [a.l.] allophonio type
P~ Distribution of long monophthongs and reduced diphthongs
P4-5 Distribution of long monophthongs and long centring di-
phthongs <-- (air)
~~ P46 Frequency of [9 --- f"" ,-- ~ - an as starting point
P4-7 Index scores for progressive monophthongization
P4-8 Distribution of long monophthongs and of oentring
diphthongs <- (aur)
~1!!ll P49 Frequency of [00] allophonic type
P50 Frequency of [00] allophonio type
P51 Distribution of [a~:,........ a.l: -- u:]
P52 Distribution of en] allophonio type
P53 Index scores for unrounding and centrali%ation of
starting point
~~ P,54. Frequency of [a:r] allophonio type
P55 Frequenoyof [Q:r] allophonio type
p56 Frequency of [a.:r] allophonio type
~12cl P57 Distribution of unrounding
P58 Distribution of [w]-glide between initial (k) and (or)
Phonemio Types
PP1 SKSE (a)
PP2 SKSE (aa)
PP3 SKSE (ei)
PP4- SKSE (ai)
PP5 SKSE (au)
PP6 SKSE (AU)
PP7a SKSE (ar): rhotio types
PP7b SKSE (ar): non-rhotio types
PPBa SKSE (or): rhotio types
PPBb SKSE (or): non-rhotio ~es
Structural Dialectology
PP9 Frequency of non-rhotie forms <-- SKSE (ar) PP10 Frequency of non-rhotic forms <-- SKSE (or) PP11 Frequency of non-rhotic forms <-- SKSE (Ar)
PP12 Bhotic and non-rhotio dialects
iv
PP13a SKSE (aa):(ar) merged or distinguished in non-rhotic systems PP13b Extent of merger of SKSE (aa) and (ar) in non-rhotie systems
PP14 SKSE (00): (or) merged or distinguished. in non-rhotic systems
PP15 Distribution of dominant ~s of SKSE (ei):(ai) opposition
Consonants
PC1 Voicing of SKSE initial (f)
PC2 Voicing of SKSE initial (e)
PC3 Voioing of SKSE initial (s)
P~ Distribution of voicing in SKSE initial (f,s,I)
PC5 Distribution of replacement of SKSE initial (~) by (d)
PC6 Distribution of changes affecting SKSE initial dental
fricatives {other than replacement of (~) by (d»
~ Geography
~ Buildings
L1 Pigsty L2 Hen-house
L3 Dove-cote
14 Cart-shed
!h! Cow-house
L5 Cow-house
L6 Stall
L7 Partition
L8 Tether
L9 Trough
L10 Drain
Livestock: Cattle
L11 To Slip the Calf
L12 Af'terbirth
L13 Ulder
L14 Teats
Livestock: HOrses
L15 To Slip the Foal
L15a Distribution of slink vb L16 Hames
L17 Breech-band
L18 Stretcher
L19 Clog Livestock: Sheep
L20 Pet-lamb
L21 Overturned L22 Shepherd
Livestock: Pigs
L23 Piglet
L24 Weakling
Livestock: Poult£l
L25 Perch nn L26 Broody hen
L27 Brood
L28 To Pluck
Arable Farming
L29 To Thin Out (Turnips)
L30 Potato-haulms
L31 Clamp
L32 Swath
L33 Aftermath
L34 Cutting (of hay)
L35 Stackyard.
~ Tools
L36 Fork
L37 Hay-fork
L38 Prong
L39 Mallet
140 Rung
141 Besom
142 Sowing-basket
143 Basket (for horses' fodder) L44 Shaft of Scythe
1.45 Handles of Scythe
146 Rope-twister
147 Hay-knife
T
~ Plough ~ Plouehing L48a Mouldboard (One-Way Plough)
L48b Mouldboard (Common Plough)
L49 Share
L50a Distribution of ~ and shackle = Beam-End
L50b Distribution of pratt = Beam-End
L51 Swingle-tree
L52 Headland
L53 Cartman Carts ~ Wagons
L54- Shaft
L55a Ladders
L55b Poles
L56 Tire
L57 Hub
L58 Rod (to tip oart)
L59 To Tip (a oart)
!h2 Countryside
L60 Bindweed
L61 Goose-grass
162 Charlook
163 Haws
L64 Stump
L65 To Trim (hedge)
L66 Rivulet
L67 Ditoh
168 Puddles
Wildlife
L69 Bat
L70 Weasel
L71 Ant-hills
L72 Snail Misoellaneous Items
L73 Paddock
L74 Gate-bars L75 Sheep-dung: Distribution of treddles L76 Dung-heap
L77 Scraps (from pig)
vi
vii
Material Culture
M1 Method ot Securing Cows in Cow-house
M2 Types ot Hay-knife
M3 Distribution ot the One-Way Plough
J44. Use ot chain to brake wagon
Dialect Areas
Ai Index scores for phonological influence ot RP and popular
London English
A2. Index soores tor lexical influence of' Standard and London
English
A3 Average index scores for influence of Standard and London
English
AJ... Index scores for retention of archaio phonological features
A5 Index scores for partioipation in ~~ Eastern Sussex
area
Index scores for participation in Surrey, Central and
Western Sussex and North-Western Kent area
A7 Location ot border sone dividing region into eastern and
western areas
AB Index scores for participation in Eastern ~ area
A9 Index scores for participation in South-Eastern Sussex
!!!!! South-Western ~ area
La:ndscape ~ Topography
G1 County boundaries, main commmlication routes, towns
referred to in text
G2 Principal topographical areas
G3 Principal rivers and land over 250 tt.
TABLES
FreguencX ~ Distribution Tables for Allophones of Vowel Diaphonemes
T1 SKSE (i)
T2 SKSE {e}
T3 SKSE {a}: free variant allophones
T3a SKSE {a}: before .,elar consonants where raising occurs
T3b SKSE {a}: before (l,m,n) where lowering occurs
viii
T4 SKSE (0)
T5 SKSE (A): ~ree variant allophones
T5a SKSE (A): be~ore nasal oonsonants where rounding oocurs
T6 SKSE (u)
T7 SKSE (ii)
T8 SKSE (aa)
T9 SKSE (OO): free variant allophones
T9a SKSE Coo): finally where oentring diphthongs oocur in this position only
T9b SKSE (00): be~ore vooalized (1) where [00] ocours in this position only
T10 SKSE (uu)
T11 SKSE (ei)
T12 SKSE (ai): free variant allophones
T12a SKSE (ai): long monophthongs and long oentring diphthongs
<- (air)
T12b SKSE (ai): 34.~
T13 SKSE (oi): free variant allopmnes
T13a SKSE (oi): [o~] in boy
T14 SKSE (ui) T15 SKSE (iu) T16 SKSE (au): free variant allophones
T16a SKSE (au): long monophthongs and oentring diphthongs
<- (aur)
T17 SKSE (ou)
T18 SKSE (AU)
T19 SKSE (ir)
T20 SKSE (er)
T21 SKSE (ar): free variant allophones
T21a SKSE (ar): rhotio allophonio t.Jpes
T21b SKSE (ar): non-rhotio allophonio types
T22 SKSE (or): free variant allophones
T22a SKSE (or): rho tic allophonio types
T22b SKSE (or): non-rho tic allophonio types
T22c SKSE (or): final subsystem
T22d SKSE (or): subsystem derived from ),{E .2. +.;: (40.06)
T23 SKSE (Ar)
T2lt- SKSE (ur)
T25 Influence of intervooalio (r) on preceding short vowels
ix
Extent ~ Participation ~ Phonetic Changes: Index Scores
C1 Raising of lrel <- SKSE (a)
C2 Uhrounding of SKSE Co)
C3 Retraction of SKSE (aa)
C4 Progressive monophthongization of SKSE (au)
C5 Unrounding and centralization ot starting point ot SKSE (AU)
Phonemic Oppositions
TP1 Average frequencies of non-rho tic forms of SKSE (ar,or,Ar)
TP2 Probability table for types ot (aa):(ar) opposition in
non-rhotic systems
TP3 Probability table for types ot (oo):(or) opposition in
non-rhotic systems
TP4 Probability table for types of (ei):(ai) opposition
Dialect Areas
TA1 Participation in distribution pattern reflecting influence
of Standard and London English: phonological items
TA2 Participation in distribution pattern reflecting influence
ot Standard and London English: lexical items
TA3 Participation in distribution pattern reflecting recession
ot archaic phonological features into peripheral areas
T~ Participation in Kent and eastern Sussex area
TA5 Participation in Surrey, central and western Sussex and
north-western Kent area
TAb Participation in eastern Kent area
TA7 Participation in south-eastern Sussex and south-western
Kent area
IN POCKET
Guide to Maps
Overlay Maps
X1 Count,y boundaries, main oommunioation routes, towns
referred to in text
X2 Prinoipal topographical areas
X3 Principal rivers and land over 250 ft.
Maps ld-ill : Index to Lexical Notions Mapped
Afterbirth (ot' oow) L12 Pet-lamb L20
Aftermath L33 Piglet L23
Ant-hills L 71 Pigsty L1
Basket (for horses' fodder) 143 Plough Beam-End LSOa,b
Bat L69 Pluck vb L28
Besom L41
Bindweed. L60
Breeoh-band L17
Brood L27
Broody (hen) adj. L26
Cartman LS3
Cart-shed 14
Charlock L62
Clamp L31
Clog L19
Cow-house LS
Cutting (of hay) L34-
Ditch L67
Dove-cote L3
Drain (in cow-house) L1 0
Dung-heap L76 Fork L36 Gate-bars L 71+ Goose-grass 161
Hames L16
Handle s of scythe L4.S
Haws 163
Hay-fork L37
Hay-knife L4 7
Headland L52
Hen-house L2
Hub LS7
Ladders (on cart, wagon) L55a
Mallet L39
Mouldboard: 1-way plough L48a common plough L48b
Overturned (ot' sheep) adj. L21
Paddock L 73 .
Partition L7
Perch nn 125
Poles (on cart, wagon) L55b
Potato-haulms L30
Prong L38
fuidles L68 Rivulet L66
Rod (t'or tipping cart) L58
Rope-twister L46 Rung L4.0 Scraps (from pig) L n Shaft (of cart, wagon) L5lf.
(Of scythe) 144-Share nn 149
Sheep-dung L75
Shepherd. 122
Slip (calf') vb L11, LiSa (t'oal) vb LiS, LiSa
Snail L72
Sowing-basket L4.2
Stackyard L35
Stall 16
Stretcher L18
Stump L64-
Swath L32 Swingle-tree LSi
Teats L14-
Tether nn L8
Thin out (turnips) vb 129
Tip (a cart) vb LS9
Tire nn L56 Trim (hedge) vb 165
Trough (in cow-house) L9
U:lder L13
Weakling L24-Weasel L70
x
Introduction
1 • .!.ill!. Network ~ Localities (Map i)
(See 1.3.3) ,
Surrey: 34-.01 Wal ton-on-the-Hill 34-. Olt- Outwood
34-.02 East Clandon
31+.03 Coldharbour
~: 35.01 Stoke
35.02 Farningham
35.03 Staple
35.0lt- Warren Street
35.05 Denton
35.<X) Gotrlhurst
Sussex: 40.01 Warnham
40.02 East Harting
40.03 Sutton
40.04. Fletching
40.05 Horam
40.06 Firle
40.11 Turners Hill
2. Mapping Conventions
Isopleth Maps (see 1.4.4)
.3lt-.05 Thursley
.34-.11 Dunsfold
35.07 Appledore
35.11 Shottenden
35.12 Yalding
35.13 Chiddingstone
35.14 Smarden
35.15 Burmarsh
40.12 Rotherf'ie1d
40.13 Robertsbridge
40.14 Bolney
40.15 Poynings
40.16 Washington
40.17 Funtington
1. At localities where a feature occurs with a frequency less
than the lowest isopleth value, its presence is indicated by
the symbol _.
xi
3.
xii
1s06loss Maps (see 1.4.5)
1_ Within labelled. areas, the occurrence of the labelled fo:nn
is indicated by the locality point alone.
i!. A locality point cancelled by a St. Andrew's cross indicates
that the labelled form was not recorded at that looality.
ill- The oocurrence of a form outside its labelled area, or of a
form whioh has no ooherent distribution, is indioated by a
symbol. A key to suoh symbols is pro~tided on eaoh map.
!!. Where, at a locality within a labelled area, altemative
forms occur, these are indicated by symbols superimposed
upon, or placed either side of, the locality point which,
unless cancelled by a cross (see ii above), continues to
indicate the presence of the labelled form.
I_ The reference to the relevant section of the text (Volume I)
is given in the top right-hand corner of each map.
Abbreviations
irr.r. irrelevant response n.r. not reconled
n.a. not asked rec. reconled
n.f. not found. ref. refers to
n.k. not known resp. response
The info:nnation in 2 and 3 above is reproduced on a single loose
sheet (in pocket).
Ma.p i
.!h2. Network .2!. LocaJ.i ties
,--/" , , , , , , " , ,
• ( , N , .... ~ .... ~
(
" I
34.05
'" t/ ... ", r" )
,,--..J , /
,40.oa , . • •
I • , • : 40.l" , , •
• 34.1J
34.02
• 34.03
•
• 40.01
•
40.03
• 40.1 •
•
LONDON
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.11
•
40.14
•
40.1 IS
•
35.02
•
35.J3
•
40.04
•
40.0.
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
35.J.2
•
35.01
•
40.13
•
5 o ? MILES
35.04 35.JJ
• •
35.14
•
31S.0"
•
County Numbers
34- Surrey
35 Kent
40 Sussex
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
~ 'd
....
~.h Distribution of SKSE (e)
< OE.t
,-_/ l , , , ,
• , , , • ( ,
N ,I ... " .... ~ ( ,
\
I 34.05
I " l~ ... ", r~
) ~"-..J
) ,40.oa
" .
• 84.11
•
84.01
34.03 • •
34.03
•
40.0J 40.1J • •
40.1.
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
•
40.04
•
40.0 •
•
40.13
•
2.1.2.1 , , , , . I I I
5 0 5 10 lfILES
85.03
"'d ..
KAP P2 --Isopleth map to show index
soores for SKSE eu) oorres
ponding to RP / A/
r-/ ,l , , , " , , (
N , ... ,-1 r' " \ I 34.05
(/'", -", r~
.. ) l~
/ ,40.0a
l-
34.02
• 34.U
•
40.03
34.03
• 40.0J -
I , - 40.J.
J , 40.)., • , •
34.01
• 34.04
•
40.J4 '-• 40. J II
•
10
•
35.02
•
3S.J3
•
. - - -•
20
as.). a
•
~.
.~ ;&. "
2.1.2.2 , , , n , I I , .
5 0 5 10
•
XILES 30
20
1%-9%
;s
~~ Distribution o£ SKSE (i) in
words with /i:/ in RP
N ' ... ", .. 6· (' ,
\ I 34.05
£,l'''"l •
40.) 7
•
, ." ••
34.l1
• 40.0J
•
40.1.
•
40.14
• 40.1S
•
35.02
•
3S.13
• •
35.J.2
•
35.08
•
2.1.2.3 I , , DC ' I ,
5 0 5 10
~ •
KItES
Area in which (i) : occurs in 4- or more
o£ words in corpus Localities with 1-3 words
~~ Distribution o~ SKSE (u) in
words with /u:/ in RP
,--~.
"l , , • " \ ,
• (
N I"''''''~' l ,
\ a4.05 I " ~" . ",. ....
40.l"
•
", r"
40.1.
•
a4.01
• 40.0 •
•
35.02
•
2.1.2.4
5 o 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 as.JJ •
• • 35.05
• as.J4
• as.o.,
•
~ Area in which (u)
:occurs in 4 or more words in corpus
• .Localities with ·1-3 words
~
~~ Percentage £requency o£ SKSE
(00) be£ore (r,s,a) 5
315.04
• 35.J4
• 38.07
• 40.13
40.14 • • 40.1a
• •
35.IJ
•
2.1.2.5
o 5 10 lfILES
315.03
Frequency o£ ~
~: 50%+
• ! 1~-4~
"'t1 VI
MAP P6
Isopleth map to show percent
age frequenoy with whioh SKSE
(iu) represents eMIlE ~
r-'" l
" , '" , ,
• :ao _ \ • N ",-~ ... ~
(
" I . " . ~"'" ~ ",
r" i
,,--.J
) ,40.0a , . ,
20 I -I , • : 40.1" ,
34.02
• 34.03
40.03
• 40.1S
)(
34.01
• 34.04
•
• 40.115
•
3S.13
•
40.12
40.04
• •
40.0S
•
• 35.0S
• 40.1 a
•
3S.04
•
3S.14
•
60
2.1.2.6 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 nLES
3S.03
3S.IJ • • 3S.05
•
• : 1%-1~
nob. No words containing a reflex of eMIlE iu were recorded at 40.16.
~
MAP !2 Distribution of SKSE (uu) in
words with / ju:/ i n RP
N
.I4 .. ~ , J
{'
40.0a
/. 40.03 I • 40.11 I ,
)( I , 40.1 , , • , ,
• 35.13 • 35.14
• 40.1::1
• 40.13
• 40.05
• 40.01
•
2.1 .2.6 I 11 111 I I
5 0 5 10 , lUtES
35.07
•
~ •
Area in which (uu) :occurs in 5 or more of words in corpus
.Localities with · 1~ words
n . b . No words containing a reflex of eMnE iu were recorded at 40. 16 - I-d
-..J
~~ Distribution of SKSE (ai) in
words with / O~/ in RP
r-'" " " • • .. , , {
N 1 ... ., .. 1 r' , , j
34.05
I I" ,,. .., ", r" J
~4-..J , /
,40.0a
l • I • , • : 40.1"
\ .
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
35.03
•
3S.J3
•
40.13
• 40.04
•
(ai) x 40.05
40.0.
•
35.J. :I
•
40.J3
•
(ai)
5
35.04
•
•
35.0.,
•
35.JJ
•
o 5 IILES
2.1.2.7
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
'tl co
~!!2 Distribution of SKSE (ui)
r-" , , , , , " , ( (ui) ,
N ,'''''''~ (
" I I ~,l' ....
"', r· )
,,--.j
) /,o:oa (ui) j
40.1 .,
•
34.oa
• a4.03
•
40.01
•
40.1S
•
40.J4
•
40.1S
•
•
40.0S
•
40.05
•
35.Ja
•
(ui)
35.04
•
2.1.2.8 I , • , • I I I
5 0 5 10
a5.JJ
•
)lILES
35.03
•
35.05
•
'1:1 '-0
~P10
Distribution of SKSE (ui) and
[O~] allophonic type <-- (oi)
in boy only
,-_/ , I , , , ,
• .. , , ( ,
34.02
@
N ,'''''~I (
34.03
.. ~ 34 .05
1" 0 ~/ .... .. ,
f' J
~---..J , /
,40.0a
" (!J I I , • : 40.J"
\ .
o 34.11
•
40.03
@ 40.1.
•
40.J4
• 40.111
•
40.J J
•
35.02
3S.J3
•
•
40.12
• 40.04
EJ 40.015
[!J
40.0.
@
• 3S.0S
(!J
40.1 a @
2.1.2.8 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 *'
35.04
•
35.14
•
[]e •
35.JJ
•
IIItES
35.03
•
35.05
•
o : (ui)
.. : [o~] <-- (oi) in boy only I "tI .....
o
~!ll Distribution of SKSE (ou)
r-/ , , " , , , ,
\ , • }
N ''-'''-1
r' \ j
34.05
~.r .... .. r: i
l-J /
40.03
•
t. , I , , J 40.1" , • , ,
34.01
34.02 •
• 34.04
34.03 •
• a4.1l 40.11
• 40.01 •
•
40.J4
• 40.03
• 40.1e 40.15
X •
35.02
• 3S.J.::t
• 3S.13
• 3S.0e
• 40.1 a
• 40.04 40.13 • •
40.05
•
40.0S •
2.1.2.9 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 lfiLES
35.04 35.JJ
• • as.14
• 3S.0"
•
• : (ou)
n.b. No relevant
words were reoorded
at 40.16. ~ ..... .....
~P12
Distribution of' SKSE (er) in
words with /1.Q/ in RP
r-/
" , , • • " " , (
N , .... ., ... ~' (' ,
\ 34.05 I / ~~ . ",. ~ ..
r: J
.I--.J
) 40.0 • • , .
34.03
• a4.1l
•
40.03
34.03
•
40.01
•
i I \ I
• 40.1.
• : 40.1" ,
34.01
•
34.04 3S.J3
• •
40.1J
• 40.1 a
• 40.J4
40.04
• • 40.1 a
• 40.05
40.115 • •
40.0.
•
35.04
•
2.1.2.10 . ,
5 o 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.JJ • • 35.05
•
~ Area in which (er) occurs in 3 words in corpus
Localities with • 1 or 2 words
"'d -" I\)
l4AP E.12. Distribution of SKSE (ir) in
words with leel in RP
r-"" , , , , , '. , ,
• ( , N ",-", .. ~
(
" I 34.015
, " ~/ " "" r·
i ~--..J ,
/ ,40.08
I •
i , , , : 40.1" , , •
• a4.JJ
•
40.03
•
34.03
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1e
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.J J
•
40.14
•
40.JS
•
315.0 2
•
3S.Ja
•
40.04
•
40.0e
•
40.13
• 40.015
•
315.04
35..1.8 • •
as.J4
as.oe • • 40.J a
•
5
as.JJ
•
o 5 nLES
2.1.2.10
10
315.03
•
35.05
•
~ Area in which (ir) ooours in 3 or more of words in corpua
• Localities with 1 or 2 words
:1 Vol
~P14
Map to show area in which lex
ical distribution of SKSE
(ir:er) is different from that
of RP /1.9: &9/
r-'" , , , , , " , ,
• ( , N I''-'''''~
\ 34.05 \
I I" • t~, ....
", r ~"-..J
) • 40.08 , .
i I \ • : 40.J" , , •
S4.1l
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.18
•
35.02
• 34.01
•
34.04 3S.13
• •
40.JJ
• 40.12
40.04 • 40.14 • • 40.05
40.1S • •
40.0.
•
3S.J. 8
•
40.13
•
2.1.2.10
5 o 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.04 35.lJ •
~ •
• 3S.0S
•
Area in which 4 or more :examples of' 'irregular' (ir:er) distribution occur
Localities with 1-3 : examples to ....
.f:-
~P15
Di stribution of SKSE (Ar) in
words with IEtal in RP
r-"" , , , I • " , , • ( ,
N ,# ..... ., .. ~ (
34.05 " I '" . t", .... ..
rl ;
).I"-V • 40.08 I •
i I , I
: 40.1" , , •
34.03
• 34.03
•
34.U
• 40.01
•
40.03
• 40.J'
•
34.01
•
40.J4
•
34.04
•
40.1l
•
40.115
•
•
35.03
•
35.13
•
40.13
•
• 40.01 (Ar)
35.1_ 8
•
35.01
•
35.04
•
2.1.2.10 , , , t , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
3S.ll
•
.: (Ar)
~ \J'1
~P16
Distribution of' SKSE (ur) in
words other than manure
, , , , • '\ , ,
• ( ,
N I' .... ' ... ~ ( '\ I I t,l'",
" r" ; .,--..J
Ii ,40.oa I •
i • , • : 40.1"
\ )(
(ur) 34.03
• •
• 40.01
•
40.03
• 40.18
•
(ur)
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
•
40.14
•
40.15
•
40.04
•
40.08
•
35.02
•
40.1 a
•
(ur)
40.05
• (ur)
•
35.04
•
85.14
•
2.1.2.11
, . , , . I I I
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
•
KILES
35.03
•
35.05
•
35.0'
•
~ ~
~h1 Distribution of [}] allophonic
type <- SKSE (i)
,--' , , , , ", , ,
• ( , N ,I"""'~
(
\ I
34.05
, " ~/ '"" ", .. "
) ~"-..J
t" • 40.oa I •
i • , • : 40.1" , , •
• 34.SJ
•
40.03
•
34.03
•
•
40.1 •
•
\ 34.01
..... ... ...
,
40.J4
• 40.JS
•
[!J
35.02
•
35.J3
•
40.1 a
~ • 40.04
•
3S.J. a •
35.0.
•
40.J3
•
2.1.3.1
5 o .5 10 )fiLES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ •
• • 35.05
[ ~] • 35.14
•
3S .0.,
•
.: hl
~ -..J
~P18
Distribution of [\] allophonic
type <- SKSE (i)
r-'
" " , • " " , (
N , ... " ... 1 r' , , J
34.05
, ~,.. ,,. '"
"" r~
J ~--....J
) ,40.0a I •
i • , • : 40.J"
\ .
)(
34.0a
• 34.03
• a4.1l
• 40.0J
•
[ l]
40.03
• 40.1e
)(
34.01
•
40.14
•
40.1S
• 40.0e
•
•
40.05
•
5
35.04
•
35.14
•
31.0.,
• 40.1 a
•
2.1.3.1
o :;, 10 MILES
35.03
35.JJ • X
35.05
• [1]
t'(j .... co
!hf.h2 Isopleth map to show percent-
age :frequency of' [f] allo
phonio type <- SKSE (e)
20~
, N , .... "' ... ~
l \ I , " . ~" " ",
r~
) 40~
20 ' ('
40.oa
I. i I , I
: 40.J"
\ .
•
40.03
•
40.0J
•
•
20
34.04
•
40.ll
•
35.0 2
•
35.08
• 40.Ja
•
40
35.04
•
•
20
5
35.n
•
2.1.3.2
o 5 10 KItES
35.03
• 35.05
•
• 1%-19%
~ \0
MAP P20 --Distribution of [I] allophonic
type <-- SKSE (e)
r-./
" I , , • , , , ( • N ,1 ... ., .. 1
( '\ I
34.05 . " l/ "\ • 34.11
• ", r# )
~"-..J [~]
ti 640 • oa I •
J • , • ( 40.1" , , •
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
34.01
•
40.J4
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
•
•
3S.J8
•
40.04
•
[~J
40.0.
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
•
3S.0e
•
40.1 a •
[~J 35.04
•
35.14
3S.07
•
35.JJ
•
2.1.3.2
10
35.03
35.05
•
•
;:g o
~P21
Isopleth map to show percent- 110
age frequency of [e] allo
phonic type <- SKSE (a)
r-./ , , , , ,
" , , • ( , •
34.01
•
N ,I"""'~ (
" I 34.05
34.03
.~ '" . \,/ " ",
r~
i ~"-..J
t} ,40.08
I •
i • , • : 40.1" , .
34.JJ
•
40.03
•
:to
40.0J
•
40.1.
• 40.1S
•
•
40.lJ •
35.02
•
38.J3
• 40.18
40.04 • • 40.05
•
10
35.04
3S.,Ja • •
38.0.
•
•
2.1.3.3 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 JULES
35.03
35.JJ
•
.: 110-910
•
~ .....
MAP P22 --Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of [a) allo
phonic type <- SKSE (a)
r-'" " I
I , , , , , ( ,
34.02
•
34.01
•
34.04 N ,I"''''''~
( ~20
34-> • , , I I " ~/ ... ..
r1 20--
I ~"-.J ,
/ 40.0a ,
I •
i 20'" -,
• I 40.l"
\ .
• 40 34.05
•
•
20
35.0 2
•
3S.Ja
35..l. a
•
40.1 a
•
2.1.3.3 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 31S.JJ
• •
• 35.05
• as.14
•
31S.0"
•
• 1110-19%
~ ~
IN ----~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~
~P23
Isopleth map to show index
scores for raising of lrel phonemi~ type <- SKSE (a)
r-/ l , , , , .. , , ( ,
N ,I"''''''~ ( , i 34.05
, " \/ ... 4
t' 40.0a '. J
t , t
: 40.)'
\ .
.. r'
•
60
2.1.3.3 I •••. I
5 o 5 10 lfILES
3S.03
•
E8J. Area where leI oce ... • urs as phonemic type <- SKSE (a)
• Index score 1-19
~ Vol
~~ Distribution of allophonic
raising of SKSE (a) before
velar consonants
r-'" I , , , ,
" " , • )
N I'''~'''~ ( \ I
34.0S
, " t", ... "'II i"1 )
,8--..)
) ,40.0.
I •
•
34.02
•
34.1J
•
40.03
34.03
•
40.0J
•
J • " •
• 40.18
: 40.1'1 , , • •
./
34.01
./ ..... -IJ-- ..... ."'" ~ \ ........ I \
/ ( i \ 35.J.2 I '- . /
•
34.04 .....
•
40.ll • •
40.12
• 40.04 40.13
40.14 • • • 40.0S
• 40.1S
• 40.08
•
2.1.3.3 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10
38.07
•
----------
MILES
Raising before
Raising before
Raising before
(k)
(g)
( lJ)
"d
~P25
Distribution of allophonic
lowering of SKSE (a) before
(l,.,n)
,--/ , , , , , , , , , • )
N ,I ... .-.. ~ ( ,
\ 34.05 I , " . \/ ... .. ,
fl )
~l·-.J ,40.oa
I •
.34.oa
•
34.lJ
•
40.03
34.03
•
40.0J
•
J I , • 40.1.
I : 40.17 • , • •
34.01 " •
40.ll • •
40.1 a 40.14 • •
40.05
• 40.JS
• 40.08
•
35.04
"'-" --., • 35.14')
2.1.3.3 , , , c , I I I
5 0 5 10
a5.JJ
•
MILES
35.03
•
35.05
•
Lowering before
Lowering before
Lowering before
(n) •
(m)
(1)
::g
~P26
Isopleth map to show index
scores for unrounding of
SKSE (0)
r-~
50
l
" , , " " , • ,
N ,I"-"'''~ (
\ : 34.05
, " t/ '"
• , rl •
50 I -~--.J
~j ,40.oa
I •
i 40.03
~s-a
40.1 .,
25
40.0J
•
•
40.14
40.0.
•
2.1.3.4-, , , , . I I I
5 0 5 10
so 75
}fiLES
35.03
, 35.05
•
•
• : Index score 1-24-
;;g 0'\
~P27
Map to show area in which
){E 11 after!! is preserved as
SKSE (a)
r-" I , , , ,
" , , • ( I
N ,I"#"~ (
'~ 34.05
: ~ . l/ '" ",
l"' )
~--..J
(i ,40.0a
I •
34.lJ
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
J • , •
40.03
• 40.1e
• f 40.1'1 , .
34.01
•
34.04
40.14
•
40.JS
•
•
40.ll
•
35.02
•
35.J3
•
40.04
•
40.0e
•
40.1 sa •
40.05
•
5
35.04
35.1. a • •
40.13
•
2.1.3.4.
o 5 10 lfiLES
35.03
35.JJ • •
35.05
(wa-) ~
.: (wa-)
"tl I'll
l4AP P28 --Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of' [X] allo
phonio type <- SKSE (A), but exel uding [~J .
r-" , , , , , " " ,
f N II"-"'''~
( "-~ 34.05
:" . ~" "\ ",
1'''
J ~--v ,
/ ,40.0a
" . I • " , : 40.17
\ .
34.02
• 34.03
• a4.!J
• 40.0J
• 40.03
• 40.1 •
•
34.01
• 34.04
•
40.14
• 40.115
• 40.0 •
•
35.02
•
•
2.1.3.5 I , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.JJ • 35.04
• • 35.05
• 3S.J4
• 315.07
•
.: 1110-14~
;;g co
~P29
Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of ['0] allo
phonic type <- SKSE (A)
r-./ l , , ,
" ,. , • ( • N II"""~
(
\ I
34.05
'" l/ '" "',
r" J
~ ... ....J
,,' 640 • 03 , .
i • , • : 40.l" \ .
• 34.!J
•
40.03
•
34.01
34.02 • •
34.04 34.03 ..
•
40.01 40.JJ
• •
40.14
•
40.18 40.IS
• •
35.02
•
3S.13
•
40.04
•
40.08
•
40.1 Ii
•
40.05
•
35.1 :Ii
•
40.13
•
35.04
e
2.1.3.5 I . , , . I t I
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
•
KItES
35.03
.: 110-19'1a
e Rounding before nasals ;;g
\0
~P30
Isopleth map to show percent- I~o
age frequency of [9] allo
phonic type <- SKSE (u)
r-/ l ,
( • , , ,
• (
N I'-""~' r' ,
34.05 \
I / l' •
34.03
• a4.JJ
34.03
• ,,. '" ",
r" • 40.01
J • ~"-.J
) 40.08 ,
I • 40.03 • I • • \ • I 40.17 , • , ,
1.0
40.1a
40.04 • 40.14 • • 40.05
• 40.18
• 40.01
•
1.0
2.1.3.6 , , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 :ao MILES
35.03
10~·JJ . . - •
2.0
40.1a
• 20
2.0 • 1%-~
"tl \oN o
~lli Distribution of [0] allo-
phonic type <- SKSE (u)
r-" " I
I , , , , , (
34.03
, N 1''''''-1
(
\ I , " ~/ '" ,
rl i
l"-..j
/ ,40.oa I • ,
I • , • : 40.l"
\ .
34.05
•
• 34.03
•
34.1l • 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.1 •
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
•
40.14
•
40.115
•
35.02
•
[Q]
3S.J3
•
40.0S
•
35.J. :It
•
5
35.04
•
3S.J4
•
35.JJ
•
o !) lITLES
• :[5]
2.1.3.6
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
~ ~
!!!! P32 Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of [a:] allo
phonic type <- SKSE (aa)
r-~
" " N '.5~)
l , , J 3\_05
t/'... •
t' 40.08 • I •
J I , I
: 40.1" , .
"" r" ;
a4.U
•
40.03
•
34.0a
40.1.
•
34.01
•
40.1 •
•
25 50
75
3S.,J 2
•
35.08
•
40.08
•
, , , , . I I I
5 0 5 10
75 SO
25
MILES 50
.: 1"1a-2410
2.1.3.8
25 50
"tI VI N
~lli Isopleth map to show index
scores for retraction of
SKSE (aa)
, .. , .. , • ~oo (
N(~) \ \\.05 I • : " ... .. / I ", r#
J ~-.J
) 40.oa • I •
J I , I
I , , ,
40.03
• 40.18
•
2.1.3.8 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.02
•
150
• • • 40.05
40.J15 • •
40.08
• • Index score 1-49
'"d
~~ Distribution of [00] allo-
phonic type <- SKSE (00)
r-" " I
I .. , , , ( • N ",-<1"1
(
" I 34.015
, ft
~/ ~ ", r· J
~--J
t.l ,40.02
I • , I I , I
: 40.1"
\ .
•
34.0a
•
34.11
•
34.01
•
34.03
•
•
34.04
• 40.ll
•
[0G:>]
35.0a
35.Ja
•
•
40.1a
•
40.015
•
40.0.
•
3S.J :It
•
as.olS
•
40.1 a
•
2.1.3.9 I, , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
315.03
315.04 3S.JJ •
• • 35.015
• as.14
•
3S.07
•
.: [00] from (00) + Tocalized final and preconsonantal (1) only
~
~m Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequency of [e1.] allo
phonic type <-- SKSE (ei)
r-" ,. , , , • , , ,
• ( , 34.02
•
75 50
N I'-"''''~
l 34.03
'\ : , " l/ ~ .. r: J
,,"-.J ,
"" ,40.oa
I • • 75 .
• 34.0S
• 34.lJ
• •
40.03
• 40.1.
•
2.1.3.11
, , , 0 • I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fiLES
35.03
•
50
•
• 40.1.
• 40.08
• • 1 "'0-241fo
~ \JI
~~ Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequency ot [m~] allo
phonio type <- SKSE (ei)
r-/ , , , , , ." , ,
• ( , N I .... ." ... ~
t' , \
I 34.0S
, " t/ ... .. rl J
.I---.J , /
,40.02
as I •
•
34.oa
• 34.U
•
40.03
34.03
• 40.0J
•
• 40.1S
•
2.1.3.11 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 lfiLES
35.0a
• 34.01
• 34.04
3S.13 • • •
\ \ II J 40.12 311.07
• • 40.13
• • 40.0S
• \ .0;'. 40.0S • : 1a1a-24~
• ~-2S 25
~
c: -2 .;3< • .:;0 rn 1> :J:J ~cn ~~
MAP P37 Isopleth map to show peroent
age frequenoy of [f~] allo
phonic type <-- SKSE (ei)
r-/ / ,
( " , , (
N .... ." .. 1' r' ", j , I" .. ,. '"
P ~ .... -..J
) 40.0:& ,
I • • I • , I 40.)" , , .
34.05
• 34.1)
•
40.03
•
34.0a
• 34.03
• 40.0J
•
40.18
•
2.1.3.11 , , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fILES
35.03
3S.JJ • 35.04
• • 35.05
• • 35.14
• 35.0.
40.1 J • • 35.0., 40.1 a • •
40.04
• 40.13 40.14 • •
40.05
• 40.1 a
• 40.0.
• • 1C11a-191o
~ ....,
~P38
Distribution ot [eQ] and [e:]
allophonio types <- SKSE (ei)
r-/ l
" • • , , , •
. ( N , .... .-... ,,'
t' , \
: 34.0S
, ~" 'II" '" ",
f" J
J"-..J
) 40.oa
I I •
i • \
• : 40.1.,
\ .
•
34.02
• 34.03
• a4.lJ
e 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.1 •
•
34.01 • 34.04
•
40.JJ
•
40.14
•
40.111
•
3S.03
•
all.J3
•
40.1 a
e 40.05
•
3S.J. :I
•
35.08
•
40.J3
e [Cd]
2.1.3.11 I, , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ •
• • 3S.05
• 35.J4
•
311.0.,
• [ e :] allophonio type
"'d VI ())
~m Distribution of [e] allophonic
type <- SKSE (ei)
r-'
" " • • , , , (
N l .. tI1I"~' r' ,
\
i , ~" " '" " r#
J ,,---..) )
40.0. , I •
i • \
• : 40.1"
\ .
34.03
• 34.03
40.1e
•
34.01
•
•
40.1S
•
•
35.02
•
3S.Ja
•
40.04
•
40.0e
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
3S..l :It
•
3S.0e
•
• [e]
2.1.3.11 , , , , . , I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ •
• • 35.05
• as.14
•
.: [e]
~ \0
~P40
Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of [~~] allo
phonic type <- SKSE (d)
r-"" l , , , " , , (
N , .. " .. ~' ('
" \ 34.05 I
/ l' • .. ,. '"\
25
40.0ll , I • • I
25 t -• : 40.).,
\ .
~,
r· J
34.02
• 34.03
• 34.lJ
• 40.01
•
40.03
• 40.18
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
35.02
•
3S.11
•
40.0S
•
40.08
•
2.1.3.12 , , t t , , I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
3S.JlI
•
•
• 17&-24% 75 e [O~]
~ o
~P41
Isopleth map to show percent
age ~requency o~ [a~] allo
phonio typ~ <- SKSE (ai)
r-'" l
1 1 , , " , , (
N 1 ... ' .... 1'
l , \
: 34.05
• ~:I l ,1"--. ; ~
30 ", 4:1 ;-I
34.02
• 34.03
•
• 40.0J
•
• 40.1 •
•
34.01
• 34.04
•
40.1 J
•
40.14
•
40.15
•
35.02
•
35.J3
•
~O • •
40.0.
•
---.......-.. 15
35.l. :I
•
35.0.
• 40.18
•
2.1.3.12 , , , , . , , I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.lJ •
• • 35.05
• 35.J4
•
35.07
• "- '\
• : 1'10-14% 30 15
~ ~
~~ Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequency of [th.] allo
phonic type <-- SKSE (ai)
r-'" " " ,
• , , , •
80 \ , N ,'''''''~
(
" I
~. l,r 34.lJ
40~ r" 20 I
~--.J , /
40.0a , ,
34.03
•
I • • I ~40.1. • ,
• I 40.2" , , • ,
2.1.3.12 , t , , , I , I
5 0 5 10 MILES
as.J" •
40.1 a
• •
40.1S
• • : 1~"" 9'S
~
~ru Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequency of [Q"J allo
phonic type <- SKSE (ai)
~o \ • ( ,
N ,I ... t#"~ (
\ I
a4.05
I "
~/ '"
40.0a , I ,
201 I
40
60, ,
" r~ •
•
34.02
•
40_ -
40.1S
e
40.14
•
40.IS
e
2.1.3.12
I , , . , I I I
5 0 5 10 JULES
35.03
• 35.05
•
• 20
40.1 a • •
40.05
• 20
40.01
• • 1:10-1~
80 I "'" I e [O'l.-'2'1.-'Dd 40
.20 w VI
~~ Distribution of long mono-
phthongs and reduced diph
thongs <- SKSE (ai)
r-" ,," , , " \ , ( 34;oa /
N , ... "' .. ~' (' ... , i . ~" , ... ~ r)
J .I .. -.J ,
/
34.05
• •
34.U I • 40.0J
•
a4.01
• * 34.04
•
40.J4
• ,40.0a I • ,
I , , , 40.03
40:'. \ • 40.JII
(!] : 40.l'l
\ [!J
311.0a
•
311.J3
[!]
40.04
•
40.01
•
40.05
•
2.1.3.12 , , , , , , , , 5 0 5 10
MILES
35.03
35.04 a5.JJ •
• • 35.05
• 311.J4
•
all.O'l
•
• (a:.--..a:~ If:...., "&:...-.ra:] o : [a e "_a:a]
"* : Long monophthongs more frequent before (m,n)
l
~ru Di stribution of long mono-
phthongs and long centring
diphthongs <- SKSE (air)
r-/ I ,
I , , • , " , I 34.0a
( , N ,I"""'~
(
" I 34.05
I t/' ....
"'II
-----J~ I
~--..J , /
,40.021 I •
i • , • : 40.l" ,
•
•
• 34.1J
• 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.18
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.ll
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
35.03
•
3S.J8
•
40.1 a
•
40.05
•
40.08
•
2.1.3.12 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 )tILES
35.03
• 3S.J.a
• 35.015
•
85.08
• 3S.0"
• 40.J 3
•
~ VI
~~ Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequenoy of [9- ~- f,-~] as starting point of
SKSE
,--/
10
l I , , , , , , • 1o--.! • N , ... ., .. 1
r'
" I . " ~" ... ..
r' J
~ .. ~ •
40.0a
,I. I • , • : 40.J7 , .
•
34.0ll
• 34.03
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
10
35.0ll
3S.J3
•
•
40.1 II
40.04 • • 40.05
• 40.0e
•
40.J 3
•
2.1.3.16 I, , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 JtlILES
30
•
35.07
•
• : 1~
o [a~:], including
[u:] from BX
~
~ru Isopleth map to show index
soores for progressive mono
phthongization of SKSE (au)
r-'" ,l , , • .. , , (
N ''''fI'''~' ('
" I I t,l'~
" r· i
50 /--.J
'" ,40.08 I • ,
I , 50 ~
, 40.J"
\ .
34.05
•
34.02
•
• 40.18
•
200 2.1.3.16 100 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 KILES
100
34.04
•
2,00
3&.0.,
• 50
40.1 a 40.14 • •
40.1&
•
• Index soore 1-49
50 50
50 ~
~P48
Distribution of long mono
phthongs and of centring
diphthongs <-- SKSE (aur)
r-/ , , I , , , , , , • ( ,
N ,' .... ' ... 1
( \', I
34.05
I " l/ '" .. r' • ~.--J
) ,40.02
I •
•
40.03 J • , • 40.1 •
• • : 40.1" , .
40.J6
• 40.0.
•
35.02
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
3S.J.2
•
•
40.1 a
•
2.1.3.16 , , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
•
~ co
~r1t2 Isopleth map to show percent-
age :frequency o:f [00) al10-
phonio type <- SKSE (AU)
r-/ ," , , , , , ,
N .... ...1 \. l ,
\ I 34.05
: ~ .
34.02
v' .... 34 ~ , • J
r' • 20 ) ~
~--J
) ,40.03
I • 40.03
34.03
• 40.01
•
i 2o-t • 40.18
•
40
34.01
•
34.04
• "O.lJ
•
4060
35.02
•
35.J.3
• 35.13
• 35.08
•
40.1 Ii
40
2.1.3.18 , , , , . I 1 I
5 0 5 10 lflLES
35.03
35.11
• •
35.04
• 35.05
• 35.J4
•
• : 1:10-19%
~
~P50
Isopleth map to show percent
age frequenoy of [50] allo
phonic type <- SIeSE (AU)
r-" I ,
" , " ,
20~ '.
, N ,'''-'''''~
(
" I
34.0S
I • •
,40.02 , . 40r 20\
J , 40.1'1
\ .
34.lJ
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.18
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.11
•
40.14
•
40.1a
•
3S.0a
•
3S.13
•
40.0'
• 40.0e
•
40.1 a •
40.0S
•
35.12
•
3S.08
•
40.Ja
•
2.1.3.18 ! , , n , I J I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ •
• • 35.05
• 3S.14
•
20
• : 110-19%
~ o
~~ Distribution of [~: ...... ou:-u:]
<- SKSE (AU)
,--/ " " • , , , , (
N I .... "" .. ~' (' , , I
34.05
, " ~" .... ", r·
i .I .. -..J ,
/ ,40.oa
I • • I I , • { 40.l" ,
• a4.D
•
40.0a
•
34.02
• 34.0a
•
40.01
•
40.18
•
34.0J
•
•
40.115
•
35.02
315.18
•
•
(OJi :- ou:-u:]
40.12
• 40.04
•
a5.08
•
40.18
•
35.04
•
as.J4
•
2.1.3.18 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KItES
as.JJ
•
35.03
35.05
•
•
315.0"
•
.: (a1t:-ou:- u:]
~ .....
~E2 Distribution of [1)] allo-
phonic type <- SKSE (AU)
r-'" l , , ,
• • , , {
34.0a
N , ... " .... 1 (' \ j
34.05
f ~" ,,. "\ ", f' i
J"--.J j
r ,40.0a
I •
i • , • : 40.l7
\ .
• 34.JJ
•
40.03
•
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
• •
40.1S
• 40.0.
•
40.05
•
•
[0]
2.1.3.18
, • t , • I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fILES
35.03
•
35.05
• 3S.14
•
~ N
~!!ll Isopleth map to show index
scores for unrounding and
r-./
" " • • .. , , (
N I ... ., ... ~· (' ,
\ I 34.0S'
!/' .... /./ aoo~ ,1
starting
•
40.0J
• 150
; .... J ~ 100 , 100
/ 40.0a
j
I •
40.1e
•
1,00 2()0
1,50 100
50
35.02
•
35.J8
•
3S.J a
•
3s.oe •
5 o 5
:L 50 200
250
MILES
2.1.3.18
10
so
.: Index sccre 1--49
~ \.H
~~ Iso~leth map to show frequenoy of la:r) allophonio type <SKSE (ar), expressed as peroen' age of total ooourrenoe of' rho tic forms
34.01
•
•
20
40
35.02
•
3S.J3
•
40.0S
•
40.0S
•
2.1.3.21 I , , .. I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fILES
30.03
• 3S...! 2
• 35.00
• aO.14
3S.0e • •
311.07
• 40.1 •
•
.: 1%-19%
~
¥'
~~ Iso~leth map to show frequency of L a:r] allophonic type <SKSE (ar), expressed as peroentage of total ooourrenoe of rhotio fOnDS
r-/ l " , , , , , ,
N I"""~' l
" r , " . t/ .... .. .' &"
I ~"-....J ,
J ~ r
,40.'02
I J i • , I , , ,
40.03
•
34.02
•
40.Je
•
34.01
•
40.J4
•
40.la
•
•
40.04
•
40
3S.02
•
40.1 a
•
315.04
315..J. a • • al5.J4
3S.0e • •
40.1 a
60
2.1.3.21
I , , n • I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
315 .JJ
•
60 J 20
40
40
20
60
.: 1%-1~
315.03
60
~ VI VI
llAP ~
Iso~leth map to show frequenoy of lQ:r]a11ophonio type <-SKSE (ar), expressed. as percentage of total ooourrence of rhotio forms
60
40
::10
34.01
, N , ..... ~ ... ~
(' , \
I I " l/ '" ..
rl i
" ... ..,J
,i ,40.02
20-"-·
i I \
I , ,
40.03
•
::10
40.1.
• 20 160
40
40.J a
•
35.02
•
3S.J3
•
40.0S
•
35.J. 2
• 3S.14
• 315.0.
•
20
40
2.1.3.21 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.JJ •
20 40
60
60
• 11o-1~
3S.03
•
"t1 ~
~~ Distribution of unrounding
in allophones of SKSE (or)
r-/ , , , , • \ , , ( ,
N ,I"'~"~ ( \ I
34.05
, " ~" '" ",
f#
i ,64-..) ,
/ 40.0a
I
•
I • •
34.l'
•
40.03
34.0a
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
I • , • 40.1 •
• : 40.l'7 •
\ .
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.1J
•
40.J4
•
40.' 5
•
35.03
3S.J3
•
40.0S
[!J
•
40.05
•
35..1. a
•
35.0.
•
40.J3
•
2.1.3.22 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ
• • •
35.05
• 35.J4
A
35.07 ..
• Unroundi~ (including [a:r-a:r from BId)
0 Unrounding restricted to forms derived from ME 2. +.!:
A [9:r] (including [t:r] from EM)
I~
~P58
Distribution of [w]-glide be
tween initial (k) and (or)
in SKSE
r-./ , , , , , " , ,
• ( • N ,''''''''~
(
" I
34.05
, " ~/ .... ",
r" ; ~--..J
ri ,40.08 I •
J • , • : 40.J" , , •
• 84.ll
•
40.03
•
34.0a
• 34.03
•
40.1 •
•
35.02
•
34.01
•
a4.04
• •
[kw-J 40.lJ
•
40.14 • •
40.05
• 40.1 S
• 40.0.
•
35..1. a
•
as.o. •
2.1.3.22 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ •
• • 35.05
• as.J4
•
3S.07
•
1-0 Vl co
~PPl
SKSE (a) : Phonemic Types
r-~ l , , ,
• " \ , • ( ,
N ,'''''''~ ( , ,
I , " t/ '" .. r'
I .1--..)
I} ,40.03 , . ,
) , , : 40.17
\ .
I
III -
40.03
• I -
34.02
•
40.18
•
2.1.3.3 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 JlILES
I
34.01
•
MAP FP2 --SKSE {aa} : Phonemic Types
r-"- ~ \ , , , , • \
" \ , 34.02 I
( t ··1 , o. A
N , .... # .. ~ , ( '\ • I , • l ... l'~ ", r· • • I ~.-..J" ,
/0:/ / ,40.oa
I • • 40.03 I • • 40.1S , • • : 40.17 , • ,
35.02
• 10:/
34.01
35.13
fa:/ •
• ~ 40.12
I .... v ......
~ 40.14 • • , 40.05 • 40.J S
• 40.0S
•
3S.J.2
• 35.14
3S.0S • • ./ •
40.1 a
A
fa:/
2.1.3.8 , I I ' , I , ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
• /0:/
Majority types labelled
Minority types:
/a:/ : • /ll:/ : e /Q:/ : A :s
I\)
~PP2 SKSE (e1) : Phonemic Types
r-./
" , , I • • \ , (
N I"'~"~' (' ",
34.05 I , " . ~" ...
''II
r" i
~.-.J
i r 40.03 ,
I • , I • , I 40.1" , , • ,
34.02
• 34.0a
• /£t / 34.ll
• 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.1 •
• /£1/
2.1.3.11 , , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
/£1/ 35.03
• 35.03
34.01
A 3S.1.3
• 3S.Ja
• /£t/ as.o. •
34.04
• • /&t/
3S .0,. 40.13 • •
40.1 a ... • 40.05
• lfajority types labelled
40.0.
• Jfinority types:
/81./ • /1E1./ :. /11./ A feel ..
I~ /e:/ •
~PP;'
SKSE (ai) : Phonemic Types
r-~ , , , , , \. /ot/ (
34.03
, N ,1""'-1
( '\ I , " t" '" ",
r~
•
•
a4.U
••• 40.0J
•
/01/
40.03
• 40.1S
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
35.03
•
/ot/ 3S.J3
• •
40.05
• /~l/ 40.0S
•
2.1.3.12 , , , 0 • I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
/dl/ 35.03
• as. Jot loti
•
Majority types labelled
Minority types:
/e1./: • /a1./ : • /'11./: .. /a1./: .. /01./: • ;g
MAP FPS
SKSE (au) Phonemic Types
r-~ , , , , , • .. , , { ,
N ,# .... ' .. ~ ( '\ I , " ~/ " ",
r~
)
34.05
•
I
a •• 1)
•
34.02
•
40.18
• I
3 •• 01
•
34.04
•
•
.0.15
•
III
35.03
•
5
III
2.1.3.16
o 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.JJ II • •
I /fFA/ II : /ree/ and /fte/
III : /reol and. /re:/ IV : /ree/, /rro/ and. /re:/
:s \J1
)lAp ~
SKSE (AU) Phonemic Types
r-'/ lAC) I
, , , 34.01
, , '.
• \ 34.03 ,
• • , 34.04
• N , .... " .. ~ (' / A(;) I " 34 OS I •
40.1J , '" . 34.JJ ~/ '\ • • ,
r'
40.03
•
35.03
•
/dG)1
as.la • 40.13
40.05 e.x /JQ/
2.1.3.18 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
a5.JJ • 3S.04 /;:)(.;)/ • • 35..1. a
• as.os
as.J4 ••• • /dG)/ as.o.
• 35.0., .-----....... ••• ex
"* : 2r ~qJ.W. .fi:eqqeIlCY-40.14: fKef ,I AC{ 40.16: /00/,/ Ao/
Majority types labelled Minori ty types: /00/ : • /ul : • /Xc/ : • /eo/ : .. /C50/ : • /0:/ : % ~
~~ SKSE (ar) : Bhotio Phonemio
Types
r-./
" " , • " , , { ,
N ,' .... ""--~ ( \ I
34.05
, " t/ ""
)J-40.0a ,
I • •
", i# I
40.03
/o:r/ 34.01
34.02 • •
34.04
•
/a:r/ 40.1e 40.J6
A •
35.02
•
35.13
•
/a:r/
• 40.0.
•
40.JlI
• 40.05
•
3S..l.:t
•
35.0.
•
40.13
•
35.04
•
as.J4
•
/o:r/
2.1.3.21
5 o ~ 10 KItES
/o:r/ 35.03
35.11 • .. /o:r/
llajori ty types labelled
Minority types:
/a:r/ • /«:r/ : • /a:r/ . . • :g
rt
~ !:EZ!? SKSE Car) s Non-rhotio
N
Phonemio Types
r-"" l , , ,
• .. , , • 34.02
/0: /
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.JJ
• /0:/
40.J4
•
40.1 •
•
Fully rhotic
35.02
•
3S.J3
•
2.1.3.21 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
/0:/ 3S.J :. ·/a: / •
/0:/ 3S.0e
•
* 40.01:
/a:/, /a:/o£
equal f'requency
Kajori ty types labelled
lfinority types:
/a:/ : • /11:/ •
~ f)
MAP FP8a, --SKSE {or} Bhotic Phonemio
Types
, • ,
\ , (
N , .. ., .... l (I ,
\ I 34.05
/ ~~ . ",. ... .. r' ;
).6-40.0a
34.02
•
/J:r /
40.03
40.0J
•
l. I I , • 40.1' I , , , ,
•
34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
• 40.1 J •
35.J3
•
40.12
40.04 • •
3S.J. a • as.14
35.08 • •
5 o 5 MILES
/J:r/
2.1.3.22
10
35.03
• 35.05
•
Majority types labelled
Minor! ty types:
/o:r/ •
/oar/ • :s g>
MAP FPBb --SKSE (or) Non-rhotic
Phonemic Types
r-'" l ,
( " , , { ,
34.0a
• N ,'''''''''1
( , \
I , ~/'~
40.17
•
", r-
34.05
• a".JJ • /2>:/
40.0a
•
/2>: / 3".01
•
34.03 a ... 04
• •
.. 0.11
40.01 •
•
40.14 • 40.115
•
Fully rho tic
35.02
• /2>d/
3S.1a
• 40.1a
• 40.0"
•
• as.I"
as.OI • • /'J: /
40.13
•
2.1.3.22 I, , . , I I ,
5 0 5 10
as.lJ
•
MILES
/'J:/ 315.03
• 315.015
• 31S.07
•
Majority types labelled
Minority types:
/0:/ loaf • •
:g ~
~!!2. Isopleth map to show percent-
age frequency of non-rhotio
forms <- SKSE (ar)
as , " , ,
• ( ,
N ,I"'''''~ (
" I 34.05
, " ~" ... •
34.02
•
34.SJ
• ", f# • 40.0J
J ~"-.J
) ,40.0. I •
i I , I
( 40.)., , , •
40.03
•
•
40.1'
•
a5
2.1.5.1
5 o 5 10 KILES
315.03
•
40.18 50
•
.: 1%-24~
as
l
~PP10
Isopleth map to show peroent
age frequency of non-rhotio
roms <- SKSE (or)
r-/ , ,
" • , , \ , • 34.03
l25_~~) __ , N ,'''''''''~ ~
(
" I , " l/ " ..
r' J
~"-..J , /
40.08
,I. I • \
• : 40.1' , .
34.05
•
40.03
• •
50
40.14
•
40.1 S
•
'&0.1J
•
•
5 o 5 ltfILES
•
2.1.5.1
10
1fo-2lt-%
~ o
~PP11
Isopleth map to show percent
age frequency of non-rhotic
fonns <- SKSE (Ar)
r-/ , , , I , • , , , (
N I"'-"'~' ('
" J 34.05
\,l'", .. rl J
~--..J
) ,40.08 I •
i I , I 40.1' , ,
•
34.0a
• a4.S1
•
40.03
• •
75 75
50~ 34.04 as.la
• •
40.04 • • 40.05
•
40.08
•
2.1.5.1 , , , n , I I ,
5 0 5 10 25 KILES
3S.0' • 25
50
• 110-21,.:1
:g
~ PP12
Rhotic and Non-rhotio Dialeots
r-" l , , , " \ ,
• ( , N 1 1 ..... ' .... 1
(
" I 34.05
I " ~.1 ... .. r)
J )" .. -..)
•
,40.0a
I •
J I , I
: 40.1" , , • I
I
34.SJ
•
40.03
34.02
•
• 40.18
•
III
34.04
•
•
40.14
•
II -
35.02
•
3S.18
•
40.04
• I
40.08
•
3S.14
•
I
I
II
III
5
2.1.5.1
o , 10 taLES
31S.03
•
I 35.05
•
Predominantly rhotio
Transitional
Predominantly non-rhotio
~ N
~ FP13a
SKSE {aa}:{ar} merged or
distinguished in non-rho tic
systems
r-.,I , , ( (aa:ar) , , 34.02
•
34.01
40.14
•
40.1 •
•
[§j : Fully rhotic
35.02
•
(aa)
35.J.:t
•
as.OI
2.1.5.1
5 o 5 10 MILES
3S.03
•
35.05
as.14 (a a) •
•
2.
Diasystem: :g
'"
~~ Isopleth map to show extent o~
merger o~ SKSE (aa) and (ar)
in non-rho tic systems
35.14
•
2.1.5.1
I 0 '0 I I ,
5 0 5 10 JfiLES
Non-rhotic Systems
encloses total merger o~ (aa:ar) encloses probabilities o~ merger o~ 0.7-0.9 enoloses probabilities or merger I'" r or 0.4-0.6 ~
aJ; ·0
Fully rhotio
0--0
~IDlt SKSE (00): (or) merged or dist-
inguished in non-rhotic
systems
r-/ , , , , , , , , , • 34.03
( , N 1''''''''1
(
\ • 34.05
; " . ~/ "\
40.1 .,
•
", r' ,
• 34.JJ
•
(00)
40.03
•
34.03
• 40.0J
•
34.01
•
40.14
•
(00)
34.04
• 40.lJ
•
40.1 •
•
Fully rhotic
35.02
•
3S.J3
•
(oo:or)
40.13
40.04
•
35.08
•
40.13
•
2.1.5.1 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 IIILES
(00) 35.03
3S.JJ • • 35.05
• 35.14
•
(00) 3&.0"
•
Non-rhotic Systems
Coo) (00) and (or) usually merged as (00)
2. (oo:or): (00) and (or) usually disti . shed
Diasystem: 1. 00
2. oo:or • : Total merger of (00) and (or)
as (00'
::g ~
.p-
~~ Distribution of dominant types
of SKSE (ei):(ai) opposition
,--l , , , ,
" , , • ( • N 1'''''-1
(
" I
34.05
, " ~/ "\
•
!:l 34.08
•
..... l'
h ... Ol \ ~ ~
\ \ ......... " 3S.J3 (j ~
35.0a
• / .v.u '\ / ~
" r~
~ 40.0J
, • : 40.1" ,
40.03
•
•
!it
40.1 a
•
, . .\ r:.,o~.o ... • •
ro; .. P4
40.0S
IiiJ !t 40.0S
•
2.1.5.2
5 o 5 10 taLES
!1 3S.03
\ \!afl. I" •
85.14
• .!:2
•
~ In majority .!!! minority /e ... :~n/ =---A1 DiJ /el.:al./ --A2 /£l.:H1./ --A3 • /e ... :0.1./ --},4 ~ /m1. : 1i1./ --B3 e(i /re ... :o.1./ --P4 /~1. :fi1./ --C3 I~
\J1
MAP PC1
Distribution of [f.-.# y) <--., SKSE initial (f)
r-/ , , , , , • , , , 34.02 • ( • ,
34.03 N ,''''''~ ( '\ 34.05 • • • 3".S S : " .... v' • ",
r~
• , ", .. -..j ,
/ 40.02
':. 40.03 I • 40.1S • • , • I 40.1 , , , • ,
3".01
•
34.04
•
•
35.02
•
35.J3
•
40.0S •
35.J.:I
• 35.08
•
40.1a
2.2.1.1 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ • • •
35.05
• 35.14
•
35.07
•
~ •
Area with 4- or more occurrences
Localities vdth 1-3 occurrenCElS "'d o
~
~PC2
Distribution of [e-'!] <., SKSE initial (e), except when
followed by {r}
r-/ I , , , , , , , , • (
I N I' ... ' ....
(
\ I
34.05
I " ~/ ~ ", r ~"-.J
) ,40.08 , .
J • , • { 40.17 , , •
• 34.1J
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.11
•
40.J 4
• 40.J15
•
35.02
•
3S.13
•
40.04
• 40.0.
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
3S.J. 8
• 35.08
•
40.J8
•
2.2.1.1
5 o 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ •
• • 35.05
• as.14
• 31l.07
•
• [e-~] "
~ N
~PC.l
Distribution of' [s-Z-Z) <-r •
SKSE initial (s)
r-~
" I I , ~
" " , ; ,
N .,1 ... " ... 1
(
\ t
34.05
, " ~/ ... ..
rl J
","-..) , /
,40.0 a I •
i I \
• : 40.17 , X
•
34.0a
•
• 34.JJ
• 40.0J
•
[~- ~-ZJ 40.03
• 40.11
X
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.04
40.14 • •
40.1 II
)( 40.01
•
35.02
•
40.05
•
3s.la
•
3S.08
•
40.18
•
5
35.04
•
35.14
•
3S.07
•
2.2.1.1 . I
o 5 10 MILES
35.03
3S.JJ • •
35.05
•
• : [s-z-z) " .
"t1 (')
KAP~
Distribution of voicing in
SKSE initial (f,s,J)
35.02
•
34.01
34.05
•
34.0a . _.-...,. /" .
--._. 34.03
a4.JJ
• 40.0J
•
•
34.04
•
"-'~ /'35.13 .') i · j
40.1J j /" \ ." I . / . ~ __ '-• ...". ___ \40.1 a
, ..... ... ..... I --- ". • I 40.04 \ "-
...... I 4 •• " • I 0-. 4'.11
Lt• ". "" · • ._. .... __ -__ I .
• _._ 40.0a./ _.-' -- "" 40 05 \ . '--- / --_.. 0___ .~" 40.11 • J . ._ . .,.,,-: 40.U • • 40.01 I
• •
2.2.1.1 I
5 o !> 10 MILES
35.03
• 35.04
35.JJ
35.14
•
• •
3S .07
•
."".......-. ---. /a" • 35.05
( . " I . I
encloses area of :voicing of (f-)
encloses area of --_._.- :voicing of (8-)
encloses area of :voicing of' (I-) >tJ
~
~PC2
Distribution of replaoement
of SKSE initial (~) by (d)
r-" l
" , , , , , (
N ,"'4fJ"'~' r' , , 34.05
I / l' • ,,. " ..
rl , .... ...J
) ,40.08
34.02
• 34." •
40.03
34.03
•
40.0J
• .' . I I , • 40.1.
I : 40.) 7 • ,
34.01
• 34.04
•
40.14
• 40.115
• I
40.08
•
35.02
•
40.05
•
35.J.8
•
2.2.1.2
5 o !> 10 KILES
35.03
• 35.05
II •
(~) > (d~: I : Frequently
II
• III
Oocasionally
Rarely
'1:1 n \J1
MAP PC6
Distribution of changes
ing SKSE initial dental
,lacement
r-./ , , , , , • ,
\ , (
34.03
N '''''''1' (' '\ t 34.05
!."",,, • .. , r-J
~--..J , /
,40.02
l · I , J , 40.J" ,
•
34.JJ
•
40.03
•
34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1.
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
•
40.14
• 40.1 a
•
-35.02
•
35.J3
..~
40.12
• 40.04
• 40.05
•
40.0S
•
3S.J :.
• 35.0a
•
40.la
•
5
35.04
•
35.14
• 3S.07
•
2.2.1.2
o 5 10 )!ILES
35.03
35.JJ • ~
35.05
•
• : Voicing o~ (6-)
• : Devoicing of (6-)
" (6-) > (t~) .. : (e-) > (t-)
I '"d ~
~1!1
PIGSTY (I.1.5/1:7)
r-/ , ,
" , , " , , {
N I"""} (' ,
\
J 34.05
I ~" ",. " ",.
r~
) ,,"-.,J ,
/
•
,40.0a
'0 J • \ • : 40.l'J ,
34.oa
34.JJ
--STY
",0.03
-
-34.03
®
",0.01
•
40.11
-
34.01 -STY
•
34.04
-",0.1 J
-",o.J",
-",0.1 a
-
35.02
•
35.J3
o
40.015
0-6
3S.0S
~
-POUND -40.11
&.
3.1.1 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
315.03
35.1J
~
-STY
o o
35.05
-
-PEN PIGGERY
6 -STY
o
t:"' ~
llAP L2 --HEN-HOUSE (I.1.6/1:8)
r-~ , , , I , '\ , ,
• ( , N ,' ... ., ... 1
( '\ I , ~,/'''\
" r' )
~ .. ~ ~ r
,40.oa , . i I , I
: 40.1 Y , .
•
a4.02
•
40.01
•
40.1S
~
HEN-HOUSE
FOWL-HOUSE
34.04
• HEN-HOUSE
40.lJ
f
•
35.02
•
3S.JI
•
40.12
•
40.0S
•
35.J. a
• 35.14
• •
40.JI
• CHICKEN-HOUSE
5 o 5 MILES
3.1.2
10
CHICKEN-HOUSE 35.03
w •
35.05
A
HEN-HOUSE
/~J o : CHICKEN-HOUSE
o : CHICKEN-SHED l::.. : FOYIL-HOUSE
\I : HEN-ROOST
~ : POULTRY-HOUSE
<> not round
• ronnerly n.f. It:""
~!!i.
DOVE-COTE (I.1.7144:6)
r-"" , , , , , " , ,
• ( ,
N I' .... ., ... ~
(
\ I
r" ~/ .... "', r· J
~--..J , /
~"o.oa I •
i 40.1 .,
•
•
-COTE -
40.03
•
40.0J
•
-COO
40.1.
)(
•
40.14
o 40. J II
•
-COO
311.J3
L·O
•
40.04
•
-COTE -
40.1a
• -COVE
35.<lt- n.t.
400 16 n.a.
3.1.3 , I , , • I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
311.07
• -coo
o : -COOP
o : -COTE
!::. : -COVE
\] : -HOUSE
0: -LOFT • t;-t VI
~l:!t
CARr-SHED (I.11.7/13:S)
, , • , , , • ( ,
N ,' ... .-.. ~ (
" I 34.05
, " ~/ ~ ",
r~
J ~--.J
)
•
-HOVEL
34.02
• -SHED
34.1J
® 40.01
•
34.01
~
84.04
•
•
35.02
3S.1a
•
&:.
-LODGE
40.12
• 40.04
•
35..1. :t
•
8S.08
•
•
-LODGE
•
35.14
•
5 o 5 lITLES
-SHED
3.1.~
10
35.03
•
~
~1!.2
C~N_HOUSE (Io1.e/1:9)
r--" l
l • , , , (
N , ... ., .... ~. (' ,
\
J • .. •
COW-SHED 40.0a , " .
COW-HOUSE
3 •• 01
34.02
[!) 34.04
•
a4.JJ 40.1J [!) 40.0J [!j
• COW-STALL
40.J4
•
• CO'N-SHED
•
COW-SHED 35.J. a
o 311.J3
e •
40.12
• •
40.08
•
5
3.2.1 I
o , 10 MILES
•
• COW-SHED
o : COW-SHED
o : DAIRY
l:::. : HOVEL
t:'4 \J1
MAP L6 --STALL (I.3.1/3:2)
r-" l
l " \ , (
N I ... ~ .. I' r' , , I 34.05
" l' [!] ",. "\
40.0a ,
", 1'1 J
, . J • , • : 40.1.,
\ . STALL -
• 40.0J
•
•
•
40.04
~
PEN
35.02
• STALL -
3S.0.
•
40.18
•
5
35.04
•
·1
35.JJ
•
o 5 lfiLES
STALL -
0: STALL
3.2.3
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
o : formerly n.f 0
~
~ll
PARTITION (1.3.2/3:3)
r-'" l
l • , \ , {
N 1,-" ... 1 r' " , 34.05 I , ,.. . ~/ ~ ", rl
} ~"-..J
a4.1J
@
34.02
)(
•
) PARTITION ,40.0 2 I • • I • , • : 40.1"
\ ®
40.0a
• 40.1 •
•
•
40.15
•
35.02
•
PARTITION
3S.J3
•
PARTnlG
40.18
• 40.04 40.18
3.2.4 , , , , . I I I
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
:1(
KILES
PARTITION
35.03
35.05
•
~
35.0"
~ , I o : BARS
0: PANEL 6 : PARTITION \] : PEN
34.02 n.r. o : STALL-BOARDS
35.11 n.k. Z. : STIDDLE
15 n.k. Cx:l: fonnerly n.f.
I
t" -..,J
llAP L8 --TETHER (I.3.4/3:4)
r-/ , , , , , \ , ,
• ( , N ,''-'''''~
( , \
I 34.05
, " l/ .... ", fl J
,,--..)
) ,40.08 I •
i • \ • : 40.1" , •
•
34.0a
•
a4.11
•
-CHAIN
40.0a
•
34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1'
•
35.02
•
34.01 -CHAIN
•
34.04
(!] 3S.18
@
40.ll
• 40.13
• 40.04
40.14 • •
40.05
[!J 40.1.
• 40.0S
•
3S.J.8
•
35.08
•
-CHAm
40.13
•
35.04
as.14
~
•
35.14 n.f.
3.2.5 I, , , ,I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
8S.JJ
• 35.05
•
HALTER
o o ~:
CO'll-TIE
HALTER
SLIP
•
1:'4 co
~12
TROUGH (in cow~house)
(1.3.6/3:5)
r-./
" , , , " \ ,
• )
N I' ... ., .. ~
( MANG-ER
" I 34.05
I " • ~/ .... .. .. l
TROUGH
• 40.03
• 40.17
~
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
I
40.1e
•
35.02
• MANG-ER
34.01
•
34.04
@
40.14
\ •
40.IS
•
as.13 @
40.04
•
40.0e
•
~
40.05
•
5
35.04
3S.J.:t • @
•
o 5 MILES
TROUGH
3.2.6
10
35.03
0·0
35.05
3S.J4 MANG-ER ~
•
~
40.1S
•
TROmH
34.04.1 manger rec • 35.03 at 1.3.3
35.1~ manger ref. stable
MANG-ER
TROUGH
Circular recentacles
!::::.. : BODG-E
\I : PAT
o : STOCK t'i
~ !!1Q. DRAIN (in cow-house)
(1.3.8/3:9)
,40.02
I t-l I • , • : 40.1" , T.£ •
~LY
34.05
@
•
34.02
•
40.0J
DRAIN ~
40.1S
•
G-UTTER
a4.04
•
~o11 resp. is drainage
35.02
G-ULLY -3S.18
T.O
x
40.12
•
35.05 resp. is draining gutter 11 resp. is draining system
35..1.2
• n.f.
3S.01
"\1'11.0
G-UTTER
40.1 a
"
5 o 5 MILES
315.04 • •
35.14 DRAIN
3a.07
~
0: C!w;'NEL
0: DITCH
D.: DRAIN
3.2.7
10
35.03
6·0 G-UTTER
35.05
•
~ : GtmER
5 : SULLAGE
PLACE
V : DUNG--PASSAGE TE.: TRENCH
o : G-RIP TO: TROffiH
35.15 n.ko X : G-ULLY V: VALLEY IS" 0
MAP L11 --TO SLIP THE CALF
(III.1.11/30:6)
r-" l
" • • , , , (
N , ... ~ ... ~' ('
" , I
84.05
, " . t" '" ",
r~
i /'-.J
'" ,40.0a
I •
i • , • , 40.17
\ &.
84.U
)(
SLIP -40.08
•
34.02
• 34.08
•
40.0 J
•
40.1 •
)IE
34.01 SLIP -•
84.04
40.J4
•
40.1 5
)(
•
40.1 J
•
SLIP
•
35.02
•
35.13
•
I~
40.05
•
35.J.2
•
35.0.
• SLTh"K
40.J3
•
3.3.1 I, , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
SLINK -35.04
35.JJ
@
35.07
n.k.
40.15 n.ao
16 n.a.
•
ABORl'
DROP
HAVE A MISCARRIAGE
\] : PITCH
o : SLIP t-t .... ....
~L12
AFrERB1I!rH (of cow)
(111.1013/30:8)
r-..' l
" CLEANSE,-ING(S) ,
• " \ , • (
N , .. " .... 1 r' ,
\
I 34.05
I , I" ", ... .. r' J
/'-.J )
,40.08 I • • I • ,
I : 40.)"
\ @
• 84.1J
~
40.08
•
34.01
34.0a (!J
• 34.04
• (!)
40.JJ
40.0J • •
40.J4
• CLEAN,-nm.{s)
40.11 )(
40.15
~ 40.01
• 40.16 n.a.
3.3.2 , , , , , , , , 5 0 5 10
MILES
35.JJ
(!]
CLEANSE,
-ING{S)
0: AFl'ERB1RTH
o : CLEANSrnG
~: SLINKINGS
t:"4 ~
f\J
~1U
UDDER (III.2.5/31:1)
r-..' I , , , , .. , , , ( • N ,I"""~
( '\ I , " ~" .... ",
r~
; l--.J
/ "o.oa
BAG
• •
" e 40.03
•
34.01
e 34.04
• •
40.0J 40.JJ
• •
UDDER -
40.1.
)I(
40.J4
•
40.1 a ~
35.02
@
BAG
315.11
@
40.04
•
40.0a
•
40.12
•
40.015
•
•
315.0.
•
UDDER
40.13
•
3.3.3 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.JJ
315.14
•
315.07
•
n.a.
40.02 ~ reo. at III.2.7
•
0: BAG
o : UDDER
•
35.05
•
tot .....
~lli
TEATS (III.2.6/31:2)
r--"
" , , , '. , , ( ,
N ,I"'''''''-~ (
" , I
34.05
, " l.l' '" ",
r' J
~--J
t.l ,40.02 I •
i • , • { 40.l'l ,
• a4.!J
•
34.0a
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
TEATS- TITS
40.03
• 40.11 ..
TEATS-TITS
34.01
•
34.04
40.14
•
40.15
:.:
•
40.1J
•
•
40.01
B
SPEANS
35.01
l!l
40.12 SPEANS
• 40.1a
o 40.0S
[!]
5
• •
o , )fiLES
3.3.4
10
35.03
• TEATS- TITS
35.05
• as.14
(!]
35.0'1
•
40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
0: TEATS -' TITS
35.OS tit rec. at III.2.7
~ ~
~ Ir
~hl.2
TO SLIP THE FOAL
(III.4.6/34:6)
r-./ , , , , , '\
\ , • ( ,
N ,''-'''1 (
\ I
34.05
• , " ~/ "" .. ~
f# i
34.ll
•
~.-..J
(l SLIP
,40.0a
" @ I • , I
: 40.l"
\ )(
40.08
l'
34.02
~ 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1'
)I(
35.02
o
34.01 SLIP -
•
34.04 3S.18
• •
40.1 J
•
40.14
• SLIP •
40.1 IS )(
40.01
•
3SeJ.2
)(
35.01
•
SLTh'K
40.1a
~
35.04
•
•
35.0"
•
35.12 n.r.
40.13 irr.r. 15 n.a.
16 n.a.
17 irr.r.
o 5 )fiLES
0 CAST
3.4.1
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
0 COME m:FORE TIME
6 DROP
\J HAVE A lITSaUKE
0 PICK
I~
~L15a
Distribution of ~ vb.
r-/ l , , ,
" , , ( ,
N ",-., ... ~ (
" I , " ~" "'\ ",
r~
I ~"-.J
,i ,40.oa , .
i I , I
: 40.1" ,
34.05
• a4.U
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
•
40.14
•
40.15
•
•
35.02
•
35.J3
•
• 40.05
[!]
5
35.04
35..1.2
[!J
35.0.
D1I 35.0.,
Qt • 40.1.
(!]
3S.ll
o , lfILES
3.3.1 3.4.1
10
35.03
o D·.
o • ~ refers to calf
~ refers to foal
t-t ... 'pr
~L16
HAMES (I.5~6:5)
r-" , , I , , \
\ , • ( ,
N , ... ., .. ~ l \ I
34.05
, t/' ....
"'II
r ,,--..J
) ,40.0 a , .
i I \ I
: 40.l" \
• 34.1J
•
34.0a
•
HAMES
40.03
34.03
•
40.0J
•
• 40.J.
•
HAMES
34.01
•
• 40.08
•
35.02
•
35.1. a
•
3S.01
•
40.13
•
HAMES
35.04
•
35.14
(!]
Tl&S -
3.4.2
, , , , " I I
5 0 5 10 XILES
HAMES
35.JJ
•
HAJIE-
35.03
•
35.05
•
38.0.,
[!)
o : HAMES
t-4 ... a-.
~ill
BREEC~BAND (I.5.10/6:11)
r-/ l , ,
• • " " , (
N 1 .... ~ .. 1 t' , , • 34.05
" [!] .. ;' .... ", t#
)
34.fJ
~
~.-..J J COILER(s)
r ,40.0a , . • 40.08
•
34.01
34.02 • •
34.03
•
40.01
• BREECHING
40.14
•
40.JI 40.1 a
• •
•
35.02
• BREECHJNG
COILER(S)
40.04
•
40.01
:.:
40.12
•
40.05
~
35..1. a
•
35.01
(!]
35.04
•
3.4.3 I , , , . I , ,
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
•
JflLES
BRr-:ECHlNG
35.03
•
35.05
•
0: BREECHmG(S)
.34.11 n.k.
40.06 irr.r •
.34.02:coilers = 'chain on shafts' 1:"4
~L18
STRETCHER (I.5.11/6:12)
r-'" l , , , " , , • ( • N ,'''''1
(
" i 34.05
, " . \..1 ... ",
r~
J
a4.JJ
•
rl·-..J SPREADER
,40.0a I •
i • , • : 40.J'f , •
34.02
• 34.03
)(
40.01
•
~ER
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.1J
•
40.1 •
W
35.02
• T SPREAD-BAT
3 •• J3
~
40.12
3S.J a
•
as.ol •
5
35.04
•
35.07
o-x
35.11
•
3.4-.4
o 5 10 )fiLES
35.03
• SPREAD-BAT
35.05
•
40.04 40.1S
'J( SPREAD-BAT •
34-.03 n.:f".
40.13 n.k.
o 0: !:::.:
V
BAR
B.ATTEN
BILLET
JIB
o : POLE
Z: SPAT
~:SPREADER
T: TRAP-STICK
W: "\mIPPEN'
40.03 resp. is tween-stick t:"4 .... CD
~ l!1.2 CLOG (I.4.315:3)
r-~ l , ,
, CHOG '\ , , • )
\
I 34.05
, . ~" ",. ~ "'II r~
J l"~
; 40.0ll
'® J • , •
•
CLOG -
34.!J
)I(
34.0a
•
.~
40.14
•
5
PLUG
3S.J. a
•
38.07 40.J8
• 40.04 40.1.
• • 40.015
BLOCK •
40.0.
&. 34.11 n.k. 35.05 n.k.
Q) irr.r. 15 n.k.
40.11 n.k.
o 5 MILES
0: BLOCK
o : CHUCK
6: LOB
3.4.5
10
315.03
35.05
)(
•
V : i'1'EIG.fn'
I~ \0
KAP L20 --PET-LAMB (11I.7.3/35:15)
r-/ , , , , , '"
HOB-LAMB \ , • 34.02
( , N ,''-'''''~
:-'\ I
34.05
, " ~..1 '" .. ,
-#
I ~--.J ,
; ,40.0a , . • I • , • , 40.17
\ £
• 34.ll
)(
40.03
• PET-LAlm
~ 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1S
....
34.01
~
34.04
40.14
')(
40.1S
)(
•
35.02
• I , SUCKLER
SUCKLING-( -LAMBl I I I I
35.13
•
•
35.J.=-
• I /
.-/ ,,-/
/ 3S.0S
•
40.04 40.18
® • 40.05
• PET-LAMB
40.0a
~
35.04
•
35.14
•
5
3S.JJ
•
o 5 MILES
3.5.1
10
35.03
~
35.05
• SUCK-.-v SOCK-LAlffi -
3S .07
34.11 n.k. 40.11 n.a.
14 n.k. 15 n.a. 16 n.a.
0: BOTrLE-LAMB
() : DOLLY (cf. 3.6.2) 6: ORPHAN-LAllB
\l: PET-LAMB
0: SUCKLE-LAMB t-' I\)
o
~L21
OVERTURNED (111.7.4/35:16)
I , , , \ , • }
N ,I ... ., .. ~ (
34.02
•
'\ I
34.05 , t/'",
"', r~
J ,,--..J
) 40.0a
'f( a4.ll )I(
. .2!! (ITS) ~
34.03
•
40.0J
)(.
/® I I ,
40.0a
• 40.1' I
: 40.1" ~
\ .
CAST -34.01
•
34.04
40.J 4
'J(
40.IS
)(
•
40.11 )(
3S.,J. a
• 3S.la
)( ON (ITS) ~
40.04
•
40.0'
~
40.1a
)(
40.05
•
a5.0' J(
40.la
~
34.05 n.k. 11 n.k.
35.a> n.r. 13 n.k.
40.01 n.k. 11 n.a.
•
3.5.2 , , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10
35.04
•
35.JJ
•
KILES
35.03
•
35.05
• OVER-/!ISLAID
40.12 n.k. 13 n.k. 14 n.a. 15 n.a. 16 n.a.
o : ON (ITS) BACK
o : LAID
6 : OVERLAID
t"I N ~
m.~
SHEPHERD (I.2.1/2:1)
r-'" , , , , , " , , • ( ,
N II .... ~ ... I
( , , I
34.05
, '" l/ '"'
• ", r' )
.I--J ,
34.JJ
•
/ SHEPHERD ;Io.oa I • • I • , • : 40.n' , , •
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1 •
•
35.02
•
34.01 SHEPHERD
•
34.04 35.J3
• •
40.ll
• 40.18
• 40.04
40.14 • •
40.05
• 40.1S
• 40.0.
•
3B.J. a
•
35.08
•
SHEPHERD
40.13
•
5
35.04
•
35.J4
•
o 5 MILES
SHEPHERD
35.JJ
•
./ LOOKER
0: SHEPHERD
3.5.3
10
35.03
•
tot I\) I\l
~L23
PIGLET (111.8.2/36:2)
r-./ , , , , , • ..
\ , • ( ,
N ,I"''''''~ ( , I 34.0S
'" G \./ '" " r ~-~
a4.JJ
•
"i PIGLET ,40.02
I • • I • \
• : 40.1" , •
40.03
•
•
40.01
•
40.1 e
)(
w
40.1 J
•
40.04
40.14 \. £ •
40.IS SHOOT )t(
40.12
•
40.05
•
as.oe •
PIGLET
40.1a
)(
5
3S.04 3S.JJ
• •
35.14
•
3S.0"
•
.35.15 n.t •
o 5 MILES
PIGLET
3.6.1
10
35.03
35.05
•
~
o : L1'rl'LE PIG 40.13 irr.r. o : PIGLING 15 n.a.
16 n.a. ~ : SUCK-
'V : YOtNG PIG
I t:"f I\)
~~
WEAKLING (111.8.4/}6:5)
r-" l
I , , , , , , (
N 1 ... ~ .... 1 r' ,
\
I , • l' ,,. '"\
", r~
; .1"-") ,
/ 40.0a , , . • I
• , • : 40.l'l
\ ~
•
40.03
®
DARLmG
34.01
34.0a • •
34.04 35.Ja
•
40.0J
•
DAWLmG
40.11
•
40.14
•
40.J15
• •
40.ll )(
40.04
~
x 40.01
w
34.11 } . 11 i 35.01 resp. l.S do y-p.g
35.06 resp. is little
DA',','Lnm
40.1a
•
40.0S
•
3.6.2
I , , t • I I I
5 0 5 10 )f.[LES
35.03
315.JJ • x
315.015
•
as.oe DANIEL •
35.0'1
• 40.Ja
•
0; DAJUEL-
o : DAWL-P1G
n.k. ~ I DOLLING
n.a. \J : DOLLY
17 n.k. o ! FONDLnIG
z: : RlliT 1t"4 ~
~L25
PERCH (IV.6.3/43:2) nn
r-" , , , I , ~, , ,
• ( PERCH ,
N II~~"~
r '\ • : . t/',",
", r· i
~"-J , / ROOST
,40.oa I •
i • , I
: 40.1"
\ . 40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
)(
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.J J
• PERCH
40.14
•
40.111
35.02
PERCH
3S.13
•
•
40.12
•
•
40.08
•
3B.J. a [!]
3S.01
• ROOST
40.13
[!J
3.7.1
, , , ' . I I I
5 0 5 10
40.15 n.a. 16 n.a.
)fILES
PffiCH
35.03
0: PERCH
~ F\)
\J1
~!@2.
BROODY HEN (IVo6.7/43:6)
r-'" l , , , , " , , (
SIT-/SET-
N , ... , ... } r' , --• ,
, l' " "\ , r1 ;
~--.J , /
34.05
• 84.U
•
BROODY
40.08
1(
"0.01
•
40.1.
~
SIT-/SET-
35.02
• BROODY
34.01
•
34.04
40.14
[!]
40.1 IS
:.
•
40.1J
•
35.J3
•
40.12
•
40.05
• BROODY
40.08
•
35.J. a
•
35.08
•
40.J8
•
•
CLUCK
5
35.04 35.JJ
L!l •
o 5 KILES
3.7.2
10
35.03
•
35.05
BROODY
31S .07
•
0: BROODY
34.03 irr.r. 40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
•
NOlm ~ as reap. at: 35.02, 40.~ : brooder 35.05 clucker 40.~ sitter
t:-' I\) 0\
MAP L27
BROOD (rV.6.12/43:12)
r-/ , , , , , • ,
\ , ( • N II ... ., .... ~ BROOD
( "-i 34.05 . " . l./ ... ...
rl J
.14-..)
11 ,40.oa
34.11
•
l · 40.03
• • , BATCH
34.03
•
40.11
)(
34.01
40.1S
)(
35.02
•
~
40.13
•
40.015
•
3S.l a )I(
315.01
•
40.1 a •
BROOD
35.04
•
3.7.3 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
BROOD 35.03
35.J J
• 315.05
®
•
3S.14
•
3S .07
•
35.12 n.a.
40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
BROOD
CLurCH
SE!Tll~G
40.03 resp. is vatoh t'4 I\)
..."
~L28
TO PLUCK (IV.6.21/43:20)
r-" , , , , PLUCK \, , ,
• 34.03
( , N II"-tIII .. ~ __________
(
" I , ,,' l,t
40.0a PLUCK , I • ,
40.1 .,
•
• /
34.03
• 34.JJ
[!] 40.0J
•
PICK
40.1e
.'II(
PICK
34.01
l!J
( .':0'
3S.03
•
3S.J3
• PLUCK
~ 40.18
• ...... A'" "-40.14 •
0
40.1S ..
...
•
40.J3
• PLUCK
3.7.4 , , , . , I I ,
5 0 5 10
•
35.12 n.a. 40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
ltILES
35.03
PLUCK • -315.05
•
0: PLUCK
t"4 N co
~L29
TO TIDN our (turnips)
(II .4.2/20::})
,--" I ,
I , " ,. ,. ,
• ( , N ,I"''''''~
(
\ I 34.05 , ,.. . l/ ...
"" r~
~--.J
.2E: .Q!l! , J r
40.0:1 , [!J
40.03 I •
• I I , I 40.1" , , • ,
• THIN our
40.01
•
40.1 a
)(
SINGLE
40.14 • •
40.115
)( 40.oa
•
35.02
•
40.05
•
40.1a
1 0
SET OUT
~
3.8.1 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 JaLES
315.03
35.04
•
as.lJ
X ~
as.os
~
as.o"
0: CHOP our o : HOE OUT
6: PLANT OUT
\I: SET OUT
40.15 n.a. o : SINGLE 16 n.B. X : SORr OUT
34-.01 1 rasp. is ~ : llinT 02 single out I t'" I\) '\0
MAP L30
POTATO-HAULMS(II.4.4.l20:S)
r-/ , , , , , '. , , ( ,
N ,I'-''''~ ( , I 34.05
, " . l/ .... .. ,
r~
J ,r-..J
Ii ,40.oa
I •
i I
34.0a
• 34.03
• 34.U
'eI 40.0J
• (haam)
40.03
• 40.1.
II
(haam)
34.01
o 34.04
•
40.ll
£
40.04
40.14 • •
Chasm) 40.J 5
• 40.0.
[!]
3.8.2
5 o 5 10 KItES
35.03
35.JJ
~ • 35.04
(hoolm-.h22!) • 35.05
(haJm) •
3S.08
• 35.07
(heim) 40.1a
t5 • 40.1a
• 40.05
• B : BThTE 0: (halm)
S : STEM 0: (haam)
40.16 n.a. V : VINE fl: (hoolm..-hoom)
40.03 reap. is
(aalm) 1t1 VI 0
MAP 121
CLAKP (II.4.6/20:6)
r---' , , I , , "' , , { ,
N 1'-"'''-1
(' , , I
34.05
, " l/ ~ ", f# i
~.-..J , /
,40.0a I •
i I , I
: 40.17 , , •
•
CLAMP
40.03
•
34.01
34.03 • •
34.04
•
40.ll
•
40.14 '\. PIE •
40.1. 40.1 •
}( e
3.8.3 , , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 )fiLES
35.02
(!] PIE -35.03
35.04 a5.1J
• 35.J.2 • •
3S.J3
• •
a5.14 CLAMP •
CLAMP a5.01
• 311.07
40.18 • • 40.04 40.1a
• •
~ 40.05
• r---J 0: BURY
0: CLAMP
40.16 n.a. b..: PIT
40.04. resp. is cltlllp
05 resp. is clomp It:"'
!!E. L32
SWATH (II.9.4/26:5)
r-" , , , , • " , ,
• ( ,
N I'''''''~ (
'I 34.05 , )(
~,l'.... R "" r" J
~--..J ,
a4.1)
•
/ . (swooe) ,40.0a I •
i • , • : 40.1'7 , , •
40.0a
•
34.01
34.02 • •
34.04 34.03 •
•
40.11
40.0J • •
40.J4
•
40.Je 40.1 •
)( •
(swooe)
35.02
•
as.Ja
•
40.04
•
(swooe)
40.0e
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
3.8.4 , , . , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KItES
35.03
35.J J • 35.04 • [!] 35..1. a
35.05 • (swei~--- •
35.J4 ~)
3S.0.
•
•
40.16 n.a.
~
as .0'7
R : R(J.V
0: (swooe)
(swei~) (sweid) : (swiid)
35.03,~,15;40.13 35.07,11,14 35.05
t:'4 VI N
~ill
AFTERMATH (11.9.17/26:13)
34.01
34.02 • ,
N I"''''~ ('SECOND ,
•
~ 34 .OS
1C'A0P • ~/ " ",
r" 34.11
•
SECOND CUI'
40.03
•
SECOND CROP
40.01
40.14
•
40.18 40.1S
~ •
.)(
40.11
•
SECOND .£!l!:
35.02
•
3S.13
•
40.1 a
• •
ROYlEN(-S) 40.0S
•
40.08
•
35.08
•
40.1.
~
5
35.14
• ROWEN{-S)
3S .0"
•
o 5 JaLES
3.8.5
10
0: SECOND CUI'
35.15 irr.r.
40.01 irr.r.
16 n.a.
35.03: rowens = 'third crop'
40.13: rowens = 'left-overs when field raked up'
t"4 ~ ~
~~
CUl'TING (of hay)
(II.9.15/26:11)
r-./ , , , , , " " " , • }
N I' .... ., ....
( , \
I 34.05
, " l/ ...
r' J ~--v
~J ,40.02 , . • I • " • : 40.1"' , .
• 34.lJ
•
TRUSS
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.J8
-,:
TRUSS
34.01
•
34.04
•
CANT
40.08
•
35.02
•
40.12
•
40.05
•
3S.J.2
•
35.08
•
40.1a
•
•
TRUSS
3.8.6 , , , .. I I ,
5 0 5 10 KItES
TRUSS 35.03
•
31.0",
•
0: BALE
40.16 n.a.
40.13: cant = whole section cut from stack
~
MAP lli
STACKYAIID (I.1.4/24:4)
r-" " ,
I • " , , • )
N I, ... t#"'~
( , i 34.05
, " . l/ ...
", f'
34.IJ
• i ,.,--..J
I lUCK-YARD t"
40.0a
1£ i I , I
: 40.1"
\ . 40.03
•
34.02
•
40.01
----.l.n _ I.
35.02
STACK-YARD 0
34.01
L!.I / -.........
34.04
~
L 40.lJ
• \. 40.1a
•
40.05
I -- / • 40ala
40.0.
•
35.J.a
•
\.
~
35.04
•
35.J4
•
/
3.8.7 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10
a5.JJ
•
KItES
STACK-YABD
35.03
35.05
•
•
o : lUCK-YARD
40.16 n.a. o : RICK-YARK (?)
tJ. : STACK-YARD
t:"4 Vol \J'I
l4AP ~
FORK (I.3.13,I.7.9/
3:13,9:1 2)
I , • " , , • ;
PRONG
N I'-...... ~ , ~ ~
\ I I \.,l'""
"" fl )
" .. -..) ('i
,40.02
I
34.05
• 34.1J
•
!Q![
a4.01
•
40.14
[!]
40.1 S
o
FORK
35.02
•
as.J3 •
• 40.04
I:!J
SPUD 40.05 - [!]
40.0.
[!]
35..l.2
•
SPUD
5
35.04
•
35.14
•
35.07
~ SPUD -
35.JJ
•
FORK
I
o , )fILES
o : FORK
o : SPUD
3.9.1
10
35.03
•
t-t
~
~ill
HAY-FORK (I.7.11/9:13)
" " , { ,
N ,' .... "' ..... ( , ,
I 34.05
, " l/ ""
"" r~
J ~4--.J
~i ,40.08 I •
i • "
• 34.fJ
~
(-) PRONG
40.03
•
34.01
•
34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.14
•
40.11 40.1 a E!] •
(-) FORK
35.02
•
35.J3 • •
40.11
[!J
40.04
•
40.01
•
40.1 a
•
40.05
•
3.9.2 , , , n , , I ,
5 0 5 10 KItES
(-) FORK 35.03
• 35.04
35.JJ
• 35..1.8
•
35.01
•
40.1a
•
35.14
• (-) FORK
(-) PRONG
• 35.05
•
3a.07
0: (-) FORK A : prong - long handl. e
::f2.!:1s. - short handle
B long handle -fork -::prong - short hand]. e r-t
!t:E. L38
PRONG (1.7.10/9:15)
SPEAN
40.03
• 40.1S
•
TINE
34.04
~
40.lJ
~
40.14
•
40.IS
6,)(M
•
3S.13
•
40.0S
w
40.05
~
35.J. :I SPEAN ~ • -
3S.14
• 35.08
~
40.13
•
SPEAN
5
35.JJ
~
o 5 KILES
3.9.3
10
35.03
• SPRONG
35.05
@
o : FORK
o : GRAlN
6 : POINT
V : PRONG-
o : SPEAN
Z : SPLmE
~: TmE I
t-t VI CD
~lli
MALLEr (1.7.5/9:5)
r-/ • , , , ,
" " , , I
( • N I ... ' .... ~
l \ I , " \./ '" ') r
J ~4-..J
~J ,40.0a I • • • , • : 40.17 , .
•
BEETLE
3 •• 02
• 3 •• 03
•
35.02
~ BEETLE
34.01
@
3 •• 04
~ 3a.J3
40.1 a
40.04 ~ 40.14
x 40.1 a BEETLE
• 40.0e
~
• 35.14
• 3S.08
• MALLEr
40.J a
•
5
3s.JJ
•
35.07
•
BEEl'LE
BTIffiY
MALLE'r
\]:KAUL 35.0310ma1let smaller 40.01 °than labelled forms
3.9.4
o 5 10 MILES
BEETLE 35.03
•
0: PLooK
X: STAKE-KNOCKER
~: STAKE-RIDDLE (?)
t"4 VI \.D
~!dtQ
RUNG (I.7.15/9:20)
r-./ l
" , , " , , • ,
N ,' ... ., ... ~ ( , ~ 34.05
1" 0 l/ '" ",
r~
J ,I--..J ,
/ ,40.0a I •
J I , I
: 40.17 \ ,
RIDTG
34.02
34.U
@ ROUND
w TREAD
•
•
40.0J
•
40.J8
~
34.01
•
40.J4
•
40.J a
®
STAFF
35.02
•
3S.J8
• RUNG
•
40.08
•
f7rAVE
35.1a
•
85.0e
•
40.J 3
•
STAVE
5
•
85.14
• STALE
3S .07
~
~.02 resp. is· (rAn)
o 5 KItES
3.9.5
10
35.03
GJ STALE
35.05
@
0: ROUND
0: RING
6: SPOKE
\J: STAFF
0: STAVE
Z: STAY
1><1 : TIffiONG I ~ 0
~L41
BESOM (1.3.15/9:24)
r-".I , , , , , , , " , • 34.02
( , N I' .... ., .... ~
( BESOll \ I
34.05
I " ~" ....
40.l7
•
'" \,1
J
• 84.ll
()
BIRCH-BROOM
• 34.03
•
e
40.11
@
BESOM
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.1 J
f)
40.04
f)
BESOM
40.01
•
35.02
40.05
t).()
35.J. a
•
35.01
•
BIRCH-BROOM
40.18
[J
3.9.6
5 o !> 10 MILES
BIRCH-BROOM 35.03
35.04 35.Jl I~
• • 35.05
• 35.14
•
35.07
~
I 0: BESOM
IJ: BESOM-BROOM
[J: BESOM-BRUSH
o : BROOM
t) : BIRCH-BROOM
40.05 birch-, heath- () : HEATH-BROOM -broom rea. at I.3.14 e: LAVIN-BROOM 40.17: besom = 'stiff
broom' ~ -..
MAP 1,42
SOWING-BASKET (II.3.6/19:1)
SEED-LIP
40.02 , I • • I • \ • I 40.17 , ,
40.03
•
34.03
•
40.0J
•
SEED-LIP
40.1e ..
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.J1
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
35.02
~
3S.J3
x
40.12
• 40.04
• 40.05
®
3.9.7 I, , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
(-)BODGE 35.03
• SEED-CORD
3s.J.2
• 35.05
•
• 35.08
~ (-)TRt& 35.07
• 40.13
• 0: BASKET
0: HOPPER
b.: SEED-BOX
V: SEED-CORD
0: SEED-CUP
35.~ bodge rec. in IM Z: SKIP
12 resp. is trug-bodge ~: TROlhH
t
~L43
BASKET ( for horses' fodder)
(111.5.4/34-:13)
r-, , , I • " \ ,
• ( • N 1' ... ., .. 1
(
" I 34.05
, " l/ '"' ",
r~
J ,,--J
) 40.02
I
•
I • • I • \ , : 40.1"
\ •
a4.U
•
34.03
• 34.03
•
40.0J
• SIEVE
40.03
• 40.1 • '1(
SIEVE -34.01
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
•
40.J4
•
35.03
•
3S.J3
•
CD 40.04
• 40.05
35.12
•
40.13
•
SIEVE
35.04
•
• SIEVE
3.9.8 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.JJ • • ~(-)
0: SIEVE
35.05
•
• : SCOOP + BOWL
35.01 ,02,12 resp. is bait(-ing) ~
35.05 resp. is maund-basket
t
~~
SHAFT OF SCYTHE (II.9.7/27:2)
r-/ I , , ,
\. \ , • ( • N I' .... ' ... ~
(
" I 34.05 . " ~/ .... ", roO
J ,,"-..J
,1 ,40.oa I •
i I \ I
: 40.1'
\ iii
•
34.02
34.IJ
•
SNEATH
40.03
•
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.18
•
SNEATH 34.01
•
34.04
•
40.J I
0-0
35.02
as.la
•
•
40.12
• 40.04
40.14 • ~
40.05
• 40.15
® 40.08
•
3S.J. a [!]
35.08
• SNEATH
40.13
~
5
35.04
•
as.J4
•
3S.07
•
4-0.16 n.a.
a5.ll
•
o 5 MILES
(SCYTHE-)
BAT -
3.9.9
10
35.03
as.os
•
•
HANDLE
SHAFl'
35.02 resp. is sheath, taken to = sneath
KAP~
HANDLES OF SCYTHE (II.9.8/27:3)
r-~ , , , , , ., , , • ( ,
N ,I"''''~ ( ,
\
I , " ~" '" "', r"
J ~.-..J
I I NIBS ~
,40.oa I •
i
34.02
.... -•
•
.... , " \
\ J J I I
THOLES :
I 40.03 I
• I I I I I
34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1.
~
34.01
•
DOLES
34.04
•
40.ll )I(
35.02
•
3S.J.2
•
35.04
3.9.10 I , , 0 • I I ,
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
•
JlILES
35.03
• "".-- ..... , ... '
..... --- ........ " / _______ .... 35.05' •
as.18 / ' I a5.14 DOwtS·',
• I • I .... -----
..... ___ .... • I ..........
/ ..... - ./ ", ..... I ----.... ", I 40.12 DOWLS 1/ as.07
\ • I
8S.08
• 40.04 \ I
'..... 40.18 I DOLES .... --. / "', . / .... , .... ---
40.14
® •
DOLES 40.05
• o : GRIPS 40.1S
~ 40.0. o : HANDLES
• n.k •
n.a.
40.17 resp. is handle-grips
~1!e
ROPE-TNISTER (II.7.8/~:18)
r-'" , , I , , , , , , ( ,
N I' .... ' .....
( \ I
34.05
I \,l' .... ..
rl J
~---..J
ri ,40.0a , . • I • , I
: 40.1'7 , , •
•
34.0a
•
34.JJ
W
WDIBLE
34.03
•
WIMBLE
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.1S
)II:
•
40.JJ
~
35.0a
•
wnt-WOM
3S.J3
•
40.0S
•
40.01
•
35.04
3S.J.a • •
35.14
• 3S.01
•
WIlfBLE
40.11 n.k. 15 n.k. 16 n.a.
3.9.11 , 0' , • I , I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.JJ
• WIMBLE
35.05
•
0: BOND-MAKER
•
0: (STRAW -) WHIPPLE
~ : WIMBLE
V : WIND-BOND
t
~ .!dt1 HAY-KNIFE (II.9.14/26:10)
r-'
" " , • " , , {
N , .... " .. ~. r' "-\
J , ,l"-....
,40.0a
I •
i 40.~ .,
•
",
34.05
•
40.03
•
34.03
•
40.01
•
HAY-KNIFE
40.18
)I(
35.02
•
HAY:"KNIFE 34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
~
40.11
•
40.1S
•
3S.11
•
40.04
•
•
40.08
•
3S.Ja
•
3S.08
•
35.04
•
as.14
•
3.9.12 I. , .. I I I
5 0 5 10 J(ILES
35.03
35.JJ ~ •
35.05
&.
HAY-CUTTER a5.0"
@
35.07 resp. is cutter
o : HAy-curTER
o : HAY-KNIFE l:::" : RICK-KNIFE
\l: TO SS-CUl'TEB.
t
~L48a
MOULDBOARD (One-Way Plough)
(I.8.8/10:29)
,--.,II
I , , , , • , , ,
• ( , N ,,"I"'~
( '\ I I t./'"'\ .. r'
) ,A .. -..J
ri ,40.0a , .
i • , • : 40.1" , , •
34.05
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
a4.ll
• 40.0J
•
40.0a
• 40.J •
•
REEST
34.04
•
40.lJ
40.14
•
35.02
1(
3S.J3
)(
40.12
• 40.04
~
REEST 40.05
40.1S )(
40.08
•
•
3.10.2.1 It , 0 n' I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
• 35.04 3S.U
as.14
•
• •
REEST
35.0"
•
35.05
•
0: CHIP
35.02 no direot evidenoe for 1-way plough
13 n.k. 15 n.a.
40.15 n.a.
40.12 resp. is turn-reest
lD
~~
MOULDBOARD (Common Plough)
(1.8.8/1 0:7)
r-'" , , , , • " \ , { ,
N I' ... ., ......
(
'\ : 34.05
, " l/ '"
• ", r· ;
,J--.J
a4.11
•
34.0a
•
,i . TURN-FURRO'II ~40.oa
I • 40.08
TURN-FURROW
84.01
•
84.04 34.08 •
•
40.0J
•
40.14
•
i I \ I
• 40.1e 40.1 I
: 40.l" , , • ~ ~
as.14
•
40.18
• 40.04 40.1 a
• WING ~
40.05
• / REEST
40.0.
•
3.10.2.2
, , , , , I , I
5 0 5 10 JlILES
as.JJ @
REEST • -
31.0"
•
0: BREAST-PLATE
6: llOULDBOAIID
V: REEST
0: SP.ARE
~~ 3.10.3
SHARE (I.8.7/10:5,26) , , , • c I I ,
5 0 5 10
r-./ , , , , • " \ ,
• ( , N II .... " ... ~
(
" I , " l,t ...
", ,. 34.05
•
SHARE
34.oa
•
34.SJ
•
34.03
•
40.01
•
34.04
•
40.JJ
•
MILES
J ~--..J SHARE
(i ,40.oa , .
J • \ I
: 40.1" , •
40.03
• 40.1 •
•
~ \. '" indicated. the are ""
share as alternative
share ref. common plough point 1-way
~~ '''''' plough In the 1-way ploughing area,. also taken to apply to ~"". "" : 1-way ploughing area
labelled forms refer, or are assumed the corresponding part of ~"" ~ I~ refer, to the +-way plough; unless otherwise the common plough.
~ L5Oa.
Distribution of ~ and.
SHACKLE = BEAM-END (of plough)
r./ , , , I , \
\ , • ( ,
N ,I"'--"~ ( \ I 34.015
, " )( l/ .... ",
r" J
~"-..J , /
,40.oa , )(
i f , • : 40.17
\ )[
34.02
• 34.03
•
a4.lJ
• 40.0J
• HEAD
40.03
• 40.1e '1(
40.14
•
40.1 a
•
•
40.04
•
40.oa
•
40.1a
•
40.05
•
35..1. a
•
as.oe
•
40.18
•
3.10.4
I
5 o , 10 MILES
35.03
• 315.04 35.JJ
3S.J4
•
• • 35.05
•
311.07
•
40.02 n.k. 16 n.a. 17 n.k.
.34-.03 resp. is beam-head
35.01 head ref. common plough only
02 resp. is cat' shead t"' \JI
~
~L5Ob
Distribution o~ PRATT = ............... BEAK-END (o~ plough)
r-'" " , , .. " , , • )
N ,,-~ ... ~ r' ,
\
j 34.05
• .1ft
".... '" ~, r" J
)~ .. ~ 40.0a ,
•
I •
i • , • : 40.17 ,
34.ll
•
40.03
•
34.01
34.011 • •
34.03 34.04
• •
40.0J 40.ll • •
40.J4
•
40.18 40.1S
• •
3S.13
•
40.18
• 40.04
• 40.05
PRATT •
40.08
•
PRATT
35.1 :It
•
35.08
•
40.13
•
3.10.4 , , , t n I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ •
• • 35.05
35.J4 PRATT • [!J
3S.07
•
35.15 n.k.
o : PRATT ref. 1 '1ay
plough only
t:"'f \J1
~
~lli
SWINGLE-TREE (I.8.3/10:12,39)
r-./ I , , , ,
'" \ , • (
I N II"'~"~
( '\ I
34.05
I lor", ",
r" )
.1"-')
•
WHIPPEN
34.02
~ 34.03
• 34.JJ
® 40.0J
•
,1 WHIPPEN
.40.oa I •
i I , I
: 40.1" , , •
40.03
• 40.18
X
34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
•
40.ll
•
•
35.02
~
BILLET
3S.13
£
•
40.05
WHIPPEN • 40.1a
~ 40.08
•
35..l.a
'f
3S.0e
•
40.13
• BILLET
3.10.5 , , , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ 0·\1
o • 35.05
• as.14
BILLET
•
3S.07
• 0: DRAUGHT
0: S7lmGLE-TREE
6.: VlHIPPEN
'V: VmrppLE-TREE
whippen-tree alternative fo~
35.03: swingle-tree ref. common plough only
13: billet seems to ref. 'evener' only; but evener probably riot traditional here I§:
40.15: 'V is whinnle, whipple-tree
~L52
HEADLAND (II.3.3/11:4)
r-/ , , , , , ~, , , ( ,
N " .... ~ ... ~ ( '\ I
34.05
I " l/ '" ",
r" )
,,--.J
tl ,40.oa
I •
i I , I
: 40.17 , , •
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
34.IJ
• 40.01
• HEADLAND
40.03
• 40.J.
•
3S.02
•
HEADLAND 34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
•
40.ll
•
40.11
•
35.J3
•
40.1 a •
40.04
• 40.05
•
40.08
•
3S.J. a
•
3S.0S
• HEADLAND
40.J a
•
3.10.6 , , , , n I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ [!]
• 35.05
• FORE-ACRE
31.07
(!)
o : HEADLA..~
~
~
~lli
CARTMAN (I.2.2j2:2,3)
r-./ , , , , , " , ,
• ( , N ,I'-., .... ~
(
" I , " \.." ""
'" r" J
a4.05
• 34.11
•
~"-..J CARTER j
~ ,40.0a I •
J • , • : 40.1 or ,
40.03
•
34.03
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.18
•
34.01
•
40.J4
•
CARrER
a4.04
•
40.11
•
40.IS
•
35.J3
~
• 40.04
•
CARTER 40.05
•
40.08
•
WAGONER
35.)2
•
3S.0S
[!]
40.13
•
3.10.7 I, , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ iRl
• • 35.05
• as.14 WAGONER
•
3S .07
•
0: CARTER
t"I 1\11
~~
SHAFT (of' cart or wagon)
(1.9.4/14:15)
r-~ I , ,
I • '" \ ,
• ( I
N I'''''''''~ (
'\ I I \/,,,,,
'" f' )
,6--..)
"i 40.0a
1£ j • \
• : 40.17 , , •
SHAFl'
•
ROD
40.0a
@
•
40.0J
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
34.04
[!1
40.lJ
•
40.14
•
40.15
®
SHAFT -
as.J3
• 35.0e
@ ROD
40.1 a
• 40.04 40.1a
• e 40.05
•
40.0.
@
5
35.04
G
35.14
•
35.07
@
I
o :J MILES
35.JJ
• ROD
0: ROD
o : SHAFl'
~: SHARP
3.11.1
10
35.03
•
35.05
G
t'4
~
~~
LADDERS (on cart or wagon)
(I.10.5/14:14)
, , • ,
\ , • ( ,
N ,# ... .,~~ ( '\ : , " \./ "\ ...
r' • I ~--.J
~j ,40.0a
I •
•
LADDERS
40.03
34.03
•
•
i I \ I
• 40.18
• : 40.) 7
\ .
34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
•
n.t'.
35.02
•
LADDERS
LADES -40.121
40.05
•
40.08
•
3.11.2 I , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
RACKS
35.03
35.04 G 3S.J.a )(
•
3S.0e
31.07
G
~
o : HORNS
o : LADDERS
3S.C¥t- n.f. D. : LADES
3S.03() = hay-ladders V : LATHS
14 ~ = false-lades o : RAVES is; lUi Pl
~~
POLES (on cart or wagon)
(I.10.5/14:14)
r-./ , , , , , " , ,
• 34.03
( , N ,' ....... ~
( '\ I , " l/ ...
"'II r~
) ,,"-.)
~j ,40.oa I •
i • , • : 40.1" , , •
• 34.03
• •
• 40.1S
)(
x
34.01
•
34.04
•
•
m4O • J4
•
40.1 IS
•
35.03
•
40.04 ~
•
POLES 40.05
•
40.0S
•
3S.,J a
•
35.0S
•
40.U[f]
•
3.11.2 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 JaLES
35.03
35.JJ • • •
35.14
• STANDARDS
u.o,,[l] ®
word n.r.
" " 0:
x
Evidence for poles from other sources; for key, see note 105
poles n.:r.
t-t
~
~ 1.2§.
TIRE (iron) (1.9.10/14:5)
r-'" , I , , , " , , • ( ,
N ,'''''''''6 (
" I 34.05
, " ~" ~
"'II r ~.-..J
~i ,,,o.oa
" . I • , • : 40.1" , , •
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
a4.11
• 40.0J
• TIRE
40.03
• 40.1 •
•
34.01
•
40.14
•
34.04
•
40.lJ
-
TIRE 35.02
•
35.Ja
0-0 RIll -40.12
• 40.04
(!]
•
40.0.
•
TIRE
3.11.3 , , , , c I I ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.04 35.JJ
• • 35.05
TIRE - -35.J4
•
311.0.,
-
0: TIRE 35.15 n.k. 0: WHEEL-BAND
resp. is (bond-) tire
35.13 resp. is felloerim -
•
~
~
MAP ill
HUB (I.9.7/14-:2)
r-~ I , , , , ,
" , , • ( ,
N ' .... " ... 1
t' , \
I , t/''''1
,i ,40.08
" ~ I • , • : 40.J"
\ .
.. r}
J
34.05
•
• STOCK -a4.SJ
•
HUB
•
40.18
•
BOX
40.14
•
40.J.
•
35.02
~ NAVE -
35.1.8
• •
as.08 HUB [!]
40.18
• 40.1 a
• 40.05
•
40.01 HUB
•
3.11.4-
5 o 5 10 MILES
35.03
•
35.05
• a5.14
NAVE • -
/ •
35.05 0 is wheel-box
13 resp. is (box-) ~ -
0: BOX
0: HUB
t:f
~
XAP L58
ROD (to tip cart)
(I.1 0.3/15:6)
r-./ l , , , ., \ , • ( ,
N 1' .... .,~.1
( , \
I , " l/ ....
, )
,40.oa I
" r"
34.05
• •
J 40.03
)(
40.J .,
34.02
40.J.
)(
40.14
)(
40.1 a )(
•
40.JJ )(
•
35.04
35..1. a • •
3.11.5 I , , n , I I ,
5 0 5 10
as.JJ )(
JlILES
35.03
•
3S.0S
aa.Ja TRIGGER-BAT TINGE-BAT • •
40.05
A 40.0.
•
a5.08
~
40.18
(!)
CHAIN
as.14 )(
315.07
•
34.~ resp. is pea-stiok 11 resp. is bar
35.01 shut-bat reo. in IJ(
Looalities marked with X : response see text (3.11.5)
0: CHAm
0: ROD
/).: SHUT-BAT
\]: TINGE-BAT
0: TIP-STICK
Z:: TRAPPING-IRON
~: TRIGGER-BAR
H: TRIGGER-STICK
excluded - .~
\.11 co
~lli
TO TIP (a cart)
(I.11.6/15:5)
r-"" , , , , , \. , ,
• ( , N ,I"""'~
(
\ I
34.05
, '" t./ "\ ",
r~
) ,,"-..1
ri ... 0.03
I • • I • , • : 40.l", , , •
•
34.01
34.02 • •
34.04
m 34.03 • •
a4.1l
• 40.0J
•
40.J4
• SHOOT 40.0a
• 40.1S 40.J Ii
)( )(
!If
35.03
•
as.J3
•
40.12
~
• 40.05
•
40.0S
•
35..] 3 I
• /
.OS
• SHELVE
40.J a
~
3.11.6 , , , t , I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fiLES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ
']I..
k (!]
•
3S.l4
)( / TIP
315 .0",
•
~ o : TIP
35.11 n.r.
14 n.r.
40.15 n.a.
16 n.a. I§
KAP L60 --B.IND\,lEED (II.2.4-/18:4-)
,--./ , , , , • " , , ( • N ,''''-~
( BlND-WEED a4.0S " : , " .
to.' ... ~
r)
) ~ •
/ 1°.03
" ~ I I , I
: 40.l" , ,
40.03
•
.0.01
o LILY -
40.1e
)/.
34.01
&. BELL-BIND
a4.04
•
40.ll
•
3S.1a
•
3.12.1 , , , t • , , I
5 0 5 10 KILES
BIND-WEED 35.03
35.04 a5.JJ
• • •
as.14 x )(
as.oe
• BEAR-BIND 35.0.,
• 40.1 a
• 40.05
• BEAR-BllID ¢: BmD-WEED
o : BELL-BlND X: SHOE-LACES
40.15 n.a. ~ : BELL-.1VTh1> ~: spnmLE WEED
16 n.a. V : BTh'D W: WILD CONVOLVULUS ~
'" 0
~L61
GOOSE-GRASS (II.2.5/18:5)
r-/ l
" , , " " , (
N ,,,,,-, ... 1 l , ,
34.05
i . ~'" . " ~ " 1'1
) ,,--..j
) ,40.02 I •
j I , I
: 40.17
\ .
34.02
• CLIDER(S)
)(
a4.U
~ 40.0J
•
• 40.1 •
'1(
CLIVER(S)
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.J4
G
40.1 &
)(
3S.Ja
•
SWEFr-HEART(S)
40.04
)(
CLIVER(S)
40.0.
•
40.12
40.05
•
GOOSE-GRASS
3S.J.2
'1(
a5.0.
•
40.13
3.12.2 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 JlILES
35.03
'1( 35.04
)(
3S.JJ
t.!l
3S.J4
)(
35.05
CLIVER(S) •
3&.07
)(
04 n.t. 07 n.t. 12 n.k. 14 n.k.
40.04 n.k. 15 n.a. 16 n.a.
35.03: (kliivar);'tussock' (II.2.9) t:"4
'" ....
llAP 162 --CHABLOCK (II.2.6/18:6)
r-~ l , ,
'\
" , • ( , N I#"'''''''~
( , i 3 .... 05
, " . \/ ... ", )( r CHARLOCK ~.-.J
~i ,40.021
I •
i • " • : 40.J"
\ . 40.03
•
CADLOCK
40.1J
40.0 J • [!)
40.J4
~ •
40.1 • "'0.18
'1( ')(
35.02
•
35.J3
£
... 0.18
• 40.0'"
•
3S.J.:t
)(
CHARLOCK
35.0.
•
40.13
)(
40.05
as.J4
)(
•
3.12.3 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 KILES
3S.03
KINKLE [!)
35.05
•
38.0.,
(!]
• KILK 0: CHABLOCK
40.0.
o 34.11 n.k. 35.12 n.k.
14 n.k. 15 n.k.
o : GARLOCK
40.13 n.r. b.: MUSTARD 15 n.a. 16 n.a.
~ I\)
~L63
HAWS (IV.11.6/55:4)
r-" " I
I , .,. , \ • ( ,
N I''---''~ (
\ I , ft
l" ... '\ r~
) ,,--.J ,
i .40.0.
l • I • , • : 40.l Y , ,
(eigaaz - egaaz) * 34.01
34.03 ~
• 34.04
• •
34.lJ
~ 40.0J
40.14
• (eigaaz --- egaaz)·
40.1 •
:. 40.1S
•
35.03
[!]
HAWS
35el.2
~ 35.J3
• 3S.08
•
40.18
40.J a •
40.05 HOG-HAZELS £
04: 40.02:
06: 14:
3.12.4 I , , , , I I 1
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
•
35.05
•
(aazigaaziz)
CANKER-BERRIES
b.: HAWS
V: HAWTHORN BERRIES
*(eigaaz--egaaz) (eigarz) (agaaz)
0: HAZEL BERRIES
Z: ISAACS
(eigaasiz) (eigaasiz) (egis) (egaaz)
35.14 n.k. 40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
t:-t 0\
~L64
STUMP (IV.12.4/56:5)
, , • ( ,
N I' .... ,...~
( '\ I , " . ~/ '" ..
r)
; --J
40.17
[!I
STOOL
40.03
• STUMP
40.1 •
)(
34.01
•
•
40.1.
)(
.IDE!
• STUMP
40.04
6.~\l
•
40.05
•
3S.J. :a
f as.os ~
3.12.5 , , , , , I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
ROOT{S)
35.03
'f STUMP
35.05
~
STUB 35.07
40.J8 STUMP
•
35.03} stool ref. <l+. : sawn stump 05
•
BUTT-END (where butt ='trunk') ----
0: SHANK
6.: STEM
'1: STOOL
0: STUB
Z: TRUNK I~
~L65
TO TRIM (hedge)
(IV.2.3/49:17)
r-'" l
I
: .. .. , , (
N ...... ,..1 (' "-, I 34.05
l./"~ ® ~
r' )
,,--..J j
r 40.02
I I •
TRIM -
34.lJ
•
• I 40.03
• , • , 40.17 , \ .
•
TRll{ -34.03
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1e
'1l.
34.01
•
34.04
~
"O.ll
~
40.14
•
40.JS
•
4-0.16 n.a.
TRIl! -
35.03
•
BRUSH
311.J3
t
40.1 a
•
40.0e
•
brush is (briI) at 35.02J~-07,11-14;40.~,12
3S.J_2
•
~ cur
40.J3
•
3.12.6 , , , , , I , ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.04 35.11
• •
BRUSH 35.1"
•
35.07
•
35.Q;:brush:'c1ear Z: grass f'rom edge of ~ • field left by mowing • machine' (II.9.5) T: 35.15:hedges n.t., but brush:' clean out ditches'
35.03
D~T 35.05
•
CLEAN
CLIP
cur HEDGE
SHAVE D07lN
f).'IAP
TOP
TRIll
~ \J1
~L66
RIVULET (IV.1.1A9:1)
r-/ l
" , , " " , (
N , .... "-,,. ('
'" \ I 34.05
I" .., ~/ "" L:.J -.
rl i
~--..J
) ,40.0ll
l · • \ • : 40.1" \ , .
STREAM
40.03
•
34.02
•
•
40.1 •
)I(
35.02
x BROOK
34.01
W 34.04
~
40.14
[!]
40.IS
)(
n.a. n.a.
•
~
3S.la
x
40.12
40.04 ~ •
40.05
•
40.0'
•
3.12.7 , •... I , ,
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.03
35.11 ~ • 35.J.lI
• 35.05
(> as.14
• as.08
• STREAM 3S.0"
o 40.18
•
BROOK Z:STREAK pnmoCK ( 'very small')
~: RILL ~: DRILL
\l:RIPPLET (1 '-3' wide) DIKE o : RIVULET (3'-6' wide) I~ ~:RIVERLET ~AILBOURN
i 'nte(Mittel\t')
~L67
DITCH (IV.2.1c/49:11)
,--," ,I
" , • ,
\ , {
N , ... ,---1 ('
" \ J
34.05 . ~" ,,. '" .. rl J
,A .. -.J
) ,40.0a I •
i I \ I
: 40.1'1
\ .
• .".lJ •
(ditI)
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.18
:-:
3".01 (ditIl
•
34.04
•
40.1 J
•
40.14
•
40.1S
•
3S.02
•
3S.13
•
•
40.08
•
3S.J. a [!]
• 3S.08
[!1
(dik)
40.1.
•
3.12.8 , , , , , I , ,
5 0 5 10 JlILES
(daik) 35.03
(ditS)
3S.07
[!]
0: (ditS)
0: FURRCfN
CD: WATER-FURRCNl
~
~L68
PUDDLES (IV.1.6149:6)
/--./ , , , ,
"' POT-HOLES , \ 34.02
\ N ''''''''~'
C' , , I 34.0S
,'~" ® .,. ... "'I
r" • ,.,-...J
/ ,40.oa
l •
34.JJ
• 40.0J
•
PUDDLES
40.1e
X
•
PUDDLES
34.04
40.14
•
40.JS
X
•
.c0.J1
•
35.02
•
3S.!3
• POT-HOLES
•
40.0.
•
40.12
40.0S
•
3S.la
)(
5
as.!4
•
3a .07
35.12 n.a •
40.12 n.r.
15 n.a.
16 n.a.
•
o 5 )fiLES
3.12.9
10
3S.03
o POT-HOLES
35.05
•
0: PUDDLES
0: SPLASHES
t"' 0'. co
~L69
BAT (IV.7.7/44:9)
r--" , , , , '., , ,
• ( , N ,I"-'-"~
(
'i 34.05
, " . t/ ... -.,
r" )
.... ~ , /
,40.0a I •
i • , • : 40.1" ,
34.U
•
BAT
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1 •
•
34.01
•
)(
BAT
34.04 3S.13
• •
40.lJ
• 40.1a
40.04 (!]
• FLITTER-BAT 40.05
o BAT 40.0'
•
)( BAT
35.0.
•
40.1 a
•
]!!
n.a.
40.15 n.a.
16 n.a.
I
5 o , taLES
35.JJ
l!.l
FLITTERMOUSE
0: BAT
3.13.1
10
0: FLITTER-MOUSE
t:"4 0'\
~L70
WEASEL (IV.5.6/45:6)
r-' , , , , , ., , , { • N I''''#--~
( '\
I 34.05
, " ~/ ~ ",
r~
J ~"'-.J
{l ,40.0a
t' • I I \ I
: 40.17 , , •
• 34.JJ
•
WEASEL
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
•
40.0 J
•
40.1.
)I(
WEASEL
a4.01
•
34.04
40.14
•
40.1 II
~
•
40. J J
•
40.04
•
40.0.
•
40.18
•
• WEASEL
KINE
40.15 16
3.13.2 , , , n • I I I
5 0 5 10 KItES
35.03
a5.JJ EI • •
35.05 WEASEL •
311.07
@
WEASEL
n.a •
n.a.
t"'f
~
l4AP !ill.
ANT-HILLS (tV.8.13/46:15)
r-/ , , , , " " , , ( ,
N " .... " .... (
" I 34.05
, " . ~" .... ,
rl
34.JJ
)(
) ",--..) ,
HILLS
/ ,40.0a
I •
i , J 40.1" \ &.
40.03
•
34.01
34.0a
• a4.03
•
40.01
•
40.1.
X MO~1)S
[!]
34.04
40.14
~
40.1 •
)(
®
40.11
•
35.02
• HILLS
3S.13
~
40.1a
• 40.04
• HILLS
40.05
as..1. a
)(
35.01
•
5
35.04
•
CASTS
n.k. n.a. n.a. n.a.
•
as.07
•
3.13.3 I
o , 10 J([LES
35.JJ
• HILLS
CASTS
0: HEAPS
6.: HILLS
'\J : LUMPS
0: MOUNDS t-t -:::
~ L72
SNAIL (IV.9.3~7:3)
r-./ l
I , • '" , ,
• ( • N I'''''''~
( \ I
34.05
, t,," ....
'" r· J
~l·-..J ,40.oa
I •
i • , • : 40.1" ,
•
34.oa
•
34.JJ
•
SNAIL -40.03
@ 40.1S
)(
SNAIL
34.01
•
40.11 )(
35.13
•
40.04
•
40.0S
•
40.1 a
•
40.05 )(
<D
3.13.4
5 o 5 10 KILES
~lli
PADDOCK (I.1.10/1:13)
r-/ I , , , ,
" \ , • (
I
N ,''''''''1 ( ,
\
•
CO.J T
•
•
34.02
.4.
PLAT
34.11
~
400.03
•
•
PADDOCK
40.1.
[!J
PADDOCK
34.01
•
40.04
40.14 •
PLAT
40.0e
~
35.02
•
40.13
•
40.05
£
3S.J1t
.4.
35.08
•
40.J a
)(
PLAT
35.04
35.14
)(
~
5
3a.OT
•
irr.r • irr.r.
40.13 n.t.
3.14.1
o 5 10 KItES
3S.03
3S.JJ • •
PADDOCK
LEY
35.015
•
0: (HOUSE-) MEADO'N
b.: PADDOCK
40.04.1 reap. is 05 small plat
t:"4
~
~ L74-
GATE-BARS (IV.3.6/50:10)
,--./ l
I , , • , , ,
•
34.015
• J t,/"~ ..
r: i
",--..) , /
,40.0a
I • • I I , I
: 40.J'I ,
•
•
LATHS
40.03
• 40.11
)(
34.01 ~ •
34.04
• •
40.lJ
(!)
( •
40.1 a
)( 40.01
•
3.14.2 I , ' , . I I ,
5 0 5 10
3S.J a
•
315.01
•
MILES
35.04 BARS
SLATS -315.14
•
LATHS
•
• SLITS
35.03 irr.r.
40.15 n.k.
16 n.a.
40.03: resp. is gate-laths
17: spleat = 'leather strap' (MR)
315.03
X
35.05
•
0: BARS
o : RUNGS
I:"f
~
~lli
SHEEP-DUNG (11.1.7/17:71 Distribution of TREDDLES
,--./ l ,
( , .. \ , (
34.03
N , ... , ... ~' r' \ i .f' .. , "" .. r:
) ,,--..) ,
/ ,40.0a
I • I I , • : 40.J"
\ .
34.0S
• a4.U )II(
40.03
•
• 34.03
•
40.01
•
40.1 •
X
34.01
•
40.14
•
40.18
•
•
35.03
38.Ja
~
•
40.0S
•
3.14.3 , , ..• I I ,
5 0 5 10 )fiLES
3S.03
•
35.05
• as.14
• 3S.01
• TREDDLES 31S.07
40.J a
•
•
34.11 n.k. 35.13 n.k. 40.12 n.k.
16 n.a.
35.11 resp.ref.'rabbit droppings'
40.04. resp.is (trudulz) t-t v(
MAP L76
DUNG-HElIP (3:14)
r-/
" I , , , , \ , ( ,
N ,''''-''~ ( '\ I , " ~/ ... ,
rl
~--..J
(l
a4.05
•
,40.oa
I ~ • I I ,
8".JJ
~
40.0a
• • : 40.1" DUNG-MIX
\ .
34.0a
~
34.03
)(
40.0J )t(
40.18
•
mIEN
a ... 01
}(
a4.04
•
40.ll
•
40.J4
•
40.1 IS
•
.. 0.0"
• MIXEN
40.01
•
MAXEN
3S.J. a
•
35.01
•
40.J8
•
J4AXEN
~.01 n.a. 02 n.a. 03 n.a.
.35.02 n.a. 40.01 n.a.
02 n.a.
3.14.4 I. , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
IIIXEN a5.0a
35.JJ •
~
alS.07
•
0: KIDDEN
0: KIXEN
35.01 I ( 40.1.3 resp. is maksim)
I~
~ill
SCRAPS (from pig)
(111.12.10/39:11)
r-/ I , , ,
I., , , • ( I
N I'''''''~ ( '\ I 34.05
I " • ~/ ~ " r·
) ~--..J
34.JJ
•
~i . SCRAPS
,40.0a
I •
i I , I
: 40.17 ,
40.0a
•
34.011
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
40.1.
J(
34.01
•
SCRAPS
34.04
•
40.ll
~
35.02
3S.13
)(
®
40.111
• 40.04
40.14
)(
40.115
)t.
•
40.0.
DJ(6,
40.015
•
35.J. a )(
as.oe •
SCRAPS
40.13
•
3.14.5 , , , , . I I I
5 0 5 10 nLES
BROWSELS 35.03
• 35.04
35.JJ
3S.14
)(
• •
315.07
•
35.12 n.a. 13 n.r. 14 n.k. 15 n.k.
40.11 n.k. 14- n.a. 15 n.a. 16 n.a. 17 n.a.
315.015
•
0: CRACKNEL
o : CRISPINGS
~ : SCRATCHlNGS
34-.01 resp. is sora~s
t"'i ::j
~!1
METHOD OF SECURING cm'{s m COW-HOUSE (3:4)
,--.,I , , , , , "
\ , • ( ,
N I''-~'''''·
" I , " t;' .... '\ i'~
J ,A .. -..J
) ,40.oa
" .. I • \
• : 40.J"
\ .
34.05
)(
34.02 .. 34.03
J(
34.!)
.. 40.0J .. 40.03
')( 40.1'
o
34.01
D·~
34.04
o 40.ll ...
40.14
T
40.18 ..
35.02 .. as.,J a
0·0 35.J3 ..
35.01
0·0
40.12
40.04
A
., 40.13
o 40.05
T
40.0'
T
PARTITION I TROUGH
35.04
)(
@
5
a8.0"
o
o 5 KILES
35.JJ
o
TYPE II
A: TYPE III
.. : TYPE IV
3.2.2
10
35.03
o 35.05
o
x: unclear or ambiguous infonnation
35.14: (shaded) n.~. J!C ....
~M2
TYPES OF HAY-KNIFE
(11.9014/26:10)
,-I , , , ,
" , , ( I N , ... .,--~
(' '\ I
14.05
I " l/ ... ", r~
i --v J' r
40.0.
~
t. J • , • : 40.17 ,
34.01
34.02 )(
~ 34.03 34.04
iJ iiJ
34.1J 40.1J
~ 40.0J IiiiJ ~
40.14
• 40.03
IiW 40.J' 40.1 •
)( .
15.02
IJ
3a.JI
• 40.12
40.04 • • 40.05
• 40.0' •
" ..... -----.... , I
" "15.U
3S.J a • as.OI • 40.J.
•
35.04 \! 0 • I!
I I as.14
I . I I .. I !
I I / " / J
/ . / 35.07'
I I I , I I I I
~
. I .
y
3.9.12
o 5 10 KItES
15.03
o 35.05
o
34.01 n.r.
40.16 n.r •
For key to symbols see Volume I, p.255 I J5
XAP!U DISTRIBUTION OF THE ONE-WAY
PLOt&H
r-/ , , , , , ''II , ,
• ( ,
N /'''''''''-1 r '\ I
34.05
, " l/ ... ''II r~
) ~--....J
) ,40.02
• a4.U
•
40.03
34.03
• 34.03
•
40.0J
•
[!] .' . I • , • 40.11
• : 40.1., , , • •
34.01
• 34.04
•
40.ll
•
40.J4
• 40.1 a
• [ill
35.02
• iIJ
3S.J 2
• 3S.la
• as.OI
• IZJ 40.12
• 40.04 40.Ja • • 40.05
• 40.01
• I!.I[[]
3.10.1 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 KItES
35.03
35.04 3S.JJ
• • as.14
• •
3S.0.,@]
•
35.05
•
Evidence for one-way • : plough from inform
ants
0: Evidence for one-way plough from other sources; for key, see note 86
~
~!t
Use of CHAIN to brake wagon
(I.11.3/14:17)
r-./ , , , , • , , , , ( ,
N ,1"-1 .....
(
" I 34.05
, " l/ ~ "', f# J
,,--.)
t"i 40.08 ,
I •
•
34.011
•
34.1J
•
40.03
34.01
•
34.04 34.03 •
• 40.11
40.0J • •
40.J4
• j • , • 40.18 40.115
• : 40.)" , , • • •
35.011
•
35.13
• 40.18
40.04 • • 40.05
• 40.08
•
35.J.8
• 35.08
• 40.13
•
5
35.04
• 35.J4
•
35.0"
•
o ~ KItES
35.JJ
•
3.11.7
10
35.03
35.05
•
•
.: CHAlN used as brake
.is
~A1
Isopleth map to show % index scores for phonological influence of RP and popular London English
40
40.1 •
•
34.04
•
40.JJ
•
40.1 a
•
20
4.1.1
5 o 5 10 MILES
60
60 _____ --'
311.07 40.18 • 60
•
40.05
•
.: H'o-1~
~
~g
Isopleth map to show % index soores for lexical influence of Standard and London English
r-/ , , I , , .. ..
\ , • ( ,
N , ... " .. ~ ('
" I I " {/ , ,
rl )
~4-..J , l
,40.oa I
40.03
• 40.1e
•
eo
40.14
•
34.04
•
eo 60
40
3!5.02
35.J3
•
•
35.04
4-.1.1
I, , , , I I I
5 0 5 10
35.JJ
•
60
•
KILES
35.03
•
2cPo-39,'b
~
~~ Isopleth map to show average % index scores for in:r:I.uence ot Standard and London English
r-/ , , , , , ., , , ( ,
N I'''''''''~ (
\ I I "
l" '" .. r) • I
34.05
•
40, __
~ ,40.0a
l • 4~
40.03
•
80
34.04 35.J3
• •
• 40.0.
[!)
40
60 60
4.1.1 , . , , . I I ,
5 0 5 10 KILES
40 60
.: 2010-3910
0: 1~0-19%
»
l4AP!1; Isopleth map to show % index scores for retention of archaic phonological features
20
, N II"'''''~
(
" I , " . l/ "'\ ..
r' )~-.J
34.02
• 34.03
•
34.lJ
• 40.0 J
•
40\ 40.03 1. 40.
• I •
40 20
4-.1 .2 , , , . , I I I
5 0 5 10 KILES
• 3S..1. a
•
as.os _40 ------
.: 110-1~
20 40
60
~
~~ Isopleth map to show % index scores for participation in ~~ Eastern Sussex area
,--/ l
" , '\ , , ( ,
N 1 1"'''''6
(
" I 34.05 , t/'~ ..
rl i
~.--.J
ri ,40.02 , . ,
I , , , : 40.J'r
\ .
•
34.02
• 34.03
• 34.JJ
• 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.J •
•
20
34.01
•
34.04
•
40.1J
•
40.J4
•
40.0S
•
35..12
•
35.0S
•
80
80
5
35.JJ
•
eo
o 5 MILES
4.1.3
10
35.03
•
35.05
•
• 1~a-1~
>
~~ Isopleth map to show ~ index scores for participation in Surrey, Central ~ Western Sussex ~ North~estern ~ area
r-" , , , , , " , ,
• 34.03
•
34.01
• )
N ,' ... .,'-~ 34.03 34.04
• • ( \ I
34.0S
, " ~/ '"\
" r~
• 34.SJ 40.01 40.11 • •
i .14 -..) ,
/ ,40.02 I •
i • , • : 40.1., , , •
•
40.J4
• 40.03
• •
eo eo
60
3S.J3
•
40.04
•
40.0a
•
40 20
•
40.05
•
60
40.1a
20 40
•
4.1.4 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10 MILES
35.JJ • 3S.04
•
35.14
• 3S .0.,
•
20
.: 1~-1~
6;
~g
Location of border zone dividing region into eastern and western areas
,_J" I , , ,
• " , , • ~
N ,I"~""~ (
\ I
34.05
I \,l'",
", r" ;
~"-.J
('i ,40.oa
l • I • , • : 40.1" , , •
•
34.03
• 34.03
•
a4.SJ
• 40.0J
•
40.03
• 40.11
•
34.01
• as.J:t
• 34.04
• as.ol
40.ll • •
40.04 40.1 a 40.14 • • •
• 40.1a
• 40.01
•
4.1.3 4.1.4
, t ,. I I I
5 0 5 10 )(!LES
a:5.03
• 35.04
a5.JJ
•
3S.J4
•
315.0"
•
E-E
w--w
• 3S.0S
•
4010 isopleth for Kent and Eastern Sussex area
: 4010 isopleth for Surrey, Central and Western Sussex and North~~este Kent area
~
MAP A8 --Isopleth map to show % index soores for partioipation in Eastern~ area
,--,I I
I , I , "
\ , { ,
N ,I"""~ (
" I
34.05
, " l/ '"\ ", r" J
rl--..J ,40.oa
" . I • , • : 40.l7 , • •
• 14.SJ
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.0a
•
40.0J
•
40.18
•
34.01
•
a4.04
•
40.1J
•
40.14
•
40.J5
•
35.02
•
aa.JI
• 40.12
• 40.04
• 40.05
•
40.0'
•
5
20 40
o 5 KItES
eo
.: 1~-1~
4.1.5
10
Ex;
~~ Isopleth map to show % index scores for participation in South-Eastern Sussex and South-Western Kent are-;-
,---" , , , , , " ,. , ( ,
N ,I'-'''~ (
" I a4.05
, " l/ ~ ", r· i
".-.J , /
,40.oa
I •
i • , • : 40.l Y , , •
• 34.JJ
•
40.03
•
34.02
• 34.03
• 40.0)
•
40.18
•
34.01
•
20
35.02
•
34.04
• 60__ as.)4 ---35.08 •
•
40.12
• 40.13
• 40.05
•
40 60
•
4.1.6 I , , , , I I I
5 0 5 10
60 40
KItES
3S.03
• 35.05
•
20
.: 17'0-19%
>
~!ll. Sketch map of Surrey, Kent and Sussex, showing county boundaries, main communication routes (modern road numbers) and towns referred to in text
.,.' -' ,-
I I ,
I \ , ,
I I , Dorking I I N , ... , .. 1
l , \
e SURREY
; / ,.", ... -, ~ ,." .. ' 'I, ,." Hampshire rJ ,,'Horsham .......
!.... "".----_ ... -- • ,,,~,- ...
SUSSEX
A23 ~ Ashford •
TOn, -----___ .1_-- eTunoI1dge Wells
,---- ............. --.
Haywards • Heath
SUSSEX
Lewes •
.... ,
..... , .,..,..---.. ........... _-, ... - \
'-, )
~
~g
Sketoh map of Surrey, Kent and. Sussex, showing prinoipal topographical areas.
LOW WEALD HIGH WEALD
I" ,I I 5 0 5 10
MILES
tsSl ChaJ.k
Gault Clay
The very narrow Upper Greensand zone has been omitted I ~
~ll Sketch map of Surrey, Kent and Sussex, showing principaJ. rivers and land over 2.50 ft. 5
Pevensey Levels
o 5 MILES
Romney Marsh
10
Land. over 250 ft above sea level
~
Table T1
Percentage frequency table for free variant allpphones of SKSE (i)
Allophonio type h] [,.] h:] [ t] misc.
Allophones i 1- 1. ,.. ,.: 'k € 8l ! t \ 9 ,.a ",. 34.01 1 95 1 1 2
34.02 99 1
34.03 95 4- 1 -----.-~-
I -+--
34.04- 99 1 1---.
34005 ~OO
34011 3 95 2
35.01 1 92 1 3 1 1 1 35.02 1 97 2
-.-
35003 1 1 92 1 5
35004- 1 1 94- 3 1 35.05 1 97 1 1
35.06 1 1 93 4- 1 1--- ---- --- . ----- --- ---- --
35.07 3 1 93 1 1 I 1
35.11 7 93
35.12 3 97
35013 33 67 r------- ----
35.14- 12 86 2
35015 9 91
40001 99 1
40002 99 1 ~-
400 0) 97 1 1 1
40004- 99 1
40.05 ~oo
.-1&.LQ:> 97 1 2
j--4..Q011 112 87 1
_4:.Qq~ 1 99
I-lt9JtJ 6 ~ 40014- 11 86 3 40.15 4- 88 8
~~16 ~OO
40.17 2 94- 3 1
Table ~ T2
Percentage frequenoy table for free variant allophones of SKSE (e)
AllOPhOnill type [f] [e] [~] [~] fee]
I I ! •• Allophonesll\ e ~ ~ £ ~.~: fi~: E. f. e: f.: ~ ~ il f E. 8 ~a~~a fAf..8 e~
34-.01 3 4- 12 1 80 1----.. - - f- -+--+-+-+--l--+--+--+-.-+-+--+_.t--
34-.02 15 41 79 I 34-.03 31 .2 b I bO
34-.04- ~9t 1.2 b7 I ,...05 37 9 I 50 I I I
~:...::.....:..::--+-t-+-+-r-t-+--t-+-+-f-+-+-+-+-+-~- --'+-+-+--+--+--+-1--1---1 34-.11 4 I 19 "7 9 35.01.2. 8 I 13 1 ft/J 2 J 1 I 21
~. 92 2. ~. J... ~·JJ.·H_' -r-t=-t-t:8:::-' t--t--;;--t--t-'-+-+-t-i-+---l--+-.+-+-J--
35. o~__ ~.._ '_-I1-t-5-t-_l--+--I_3-+-+g_3+--I_8+-1 --f--+--t--·I- _.1--+-+-+-1- 1-_
35.04- ~ _____ +--+-4+-f---I._8- _ 73 _ ! __ L . __ 1 ___ 1-- _I +_-1-+-+-_4-+--1 9 76 4 I 35.05 6 I 3
35.0$ I
.22~QL_-. 10 .2
35.11 5 7 26 62 --.. _-- '-'-.' --+--+--4-+--11----+--1-- -+--+-+-f--+-+--4-+-+-+-+-+--+-+--I--I---1 35012 4 2 14 f>O
1-".---- -.--..... -- -._f-- .-+--+-.-+-----J,-.. -.- -- --- - _.1--1--. --- ----+--,f--l---l--t--+.-+--J
35.13 :3 4 58 35 7s:~~--- :3 -- -- '6 - -- - g~6r.l;-t-:-l-t-t:.2~-t--+-~-+-1--l--l--+-~-l r-=-:.. .... -.-'--'---' t-+--t--+-+-+-t-t-+-+--+--+-+-+-+-+--4.--i-l 35.15 6 1 IS 75 --... - .. -.. -------... -. ---.. -.. --- - --- _.- - --. - .--. -.. - .-. --·I--4---l--+---l-+--If-+-+--+-+---l 400 01 19 I I 7b 1 I I
.-.. - .. - -- .. -. -. -. - - --+-+--+--+--.1--1--+--+--+--+---1 __
AOoo;-~~~-: IS:\-.i __ - 3 - -~-I-_ - ~Q~- - __ , ___ L_
~~::=-= i~ ~t i_ ~ ~ ~ ~_ _ i 1"= =~=::=:2~=:~ It_9.05 ___ IQ____ .. 1"______ ..... M.. .... ---~ __ ---i-t--t-+--+--l--+--l
1rOo~ ... ____ ~~ .... _ ... _ .. ~. __ ... ____ . _ ~ 47 . ____ .l __ ... _ 2 --I---+-+-+--+-+-I--+-.-1
b 15 76 3 1+001 t.. .. ----. _ ... -...... -- --.... ..- - -.-.. - ........ -' f-- .-. --t-- .. -+--+--+-J 40.12 4 I 7 U
1--",-,. - .-.. .... . ............ -- .. -- '-- --' '.- .-. ...... - .... ...... --.. ---. ' .. - ... -. -- .-... ,-,,1-4--1---1
40.13:3 :3 2 90.2. 4-0.14-·-----·;- - --1-- 7. 1
- - . ~9- -- -3·-f---+-1---".-'.-'-'._'-- .-.......... -... - -- ._. 1--1--- - .. ---- - -+---+-+--11--1--+--+-+-+---1---1---4-.-.1 40.15 11 11 76
r--------.-.... ... .--.- ..... --. - - .. --... --1-- --. .-... -. - --.-.. _ .. 1--4-.-1-.. - I-- -l--+--+--I----+--I--.....J 40.16 100 _. .. -.-. _ ..... _. --. -. -- ._+-1-- _. -T-+-+::+-t=-t-+-+--+--+-~-+-L--.l
4-0.17 " 12 M 3 3
Table 1:2. T3
Percentage ~requency table ~or free variant allophones o~ SKSE (a)
Allophonio type [e] [I!] [a]
Allophones \ £ e ~ re II! ~ ~ a a a • • -34.01 15 31 54-
"- .. _-- .--.. -.. -.-~--.
34.02 8 54- 38 34.03 10 40 10 40 34.04- 5 30 15 45 5 ._-1---.- -'-"
34-005 ' 7 34 59 34-.11 1 1 10 65 8 4 11
r---' --_.- .- .---. "----35.01 6 6 53 35
-"---'---"------- -_."._ .. _. '-"- .----- -- . . _-- .. -.-.-. ---~-.--
35.02 13 81 6 .,.
35.03 4 9 56 22 9 1--'-'
35.04- 13 20 64 3 35005 5 5 36' 43 3 8 35.06 3 17 50 10 10 10 -. ---. . ----.-.~'" --_. __ . ----- ._-- -.-.- r-35007 9 28 22 6 35 35.11 10 1 32 55 1 1 35012 7 82 11 35013 1 13 86
35.14 3 9 76 12
35.15 1 2 28 63 5 1 40001 3 3 10 27 27 15 15 40.02 11 41 16 16 16 40003 4 9 78 9 40.04- 9 4 70 13 4 40.05 4 11 44- 4 22 15 40006 14 45 19 5 17 40011 1 5 30 10 5 42 .1 1 40012 2 2 2 6 67 8 4 9 40.13 1 8 70 14 2 5 40.14 10 1 7 64 4 2 ..12 40.15 14 12 71 3 40.16 10 5 14 33 5 33 40.17 1 14 .11 12 2
Table T3a T,3a,b
Percentage frequency table for allophones of SKSE (a) before velar
consonants where raising occurs,
€ € ~ If re ~ •
35.01 : + (g,k) 20 33 47
35003: + (k) 14 24 24 24 14
35.12: + (g,k,l'j) 35 11 23 27 4
35013: + (g,k) 13 36 51
35.14: + (k) 32 6 9 34 19
Table !2£
Peroentage frequenoy table for allophones of SKSE (a) before
(l,m,n) where lowering ocours
e m m If! a a • •
34.04: + (n) 6 19 25 50
35.12: + (l,m,n) 71 11 18
35.13: + (n) 3 14 71 12
35014: + (m) 12 88
40012: + (l,m,n) 38 14 48
40016: + (n) 17 83
Table ~
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (0)
A V + + 0 '0 'O~ a "D 'O(
34.01 195 5
34.02 71 25 2 2
.34.03 81 19
.34.04- 57 43
.34.05 41 59
.34.11 2 52 30 16
35.01 85 4 11 35.02 45 25 13 17
35.03 142 53 5 35.04- 59 33 8
35005 48 26 20 4 2
35.06 60 36 4
35.07 18 59 23
35011 85 15
35.12 100
35.13 5 87 2 6
35.14 57 30 2 11
35.15 67 18 5 2 8
40001 75 18 7 40002 68 16 16
40.03 67 33
40004 17 35 48
40.05 52 32 16
40006 23 19 58
40.11 94- 6
40.12 82 16 2
40.13 73 7 2 9 9
40.14 77 19 3 1
40.15 100
40.16 82 18
40.17 88 8 2 2
Long and half-long Towels have been omitted; see 2.1 0 20 5.
Table !2 T5
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (A)
Allophonio type [A] [X] [1>]
Allophones 1: + A· X t A A t t A: a 'l X 1> 'D • • • 34.01 99 1
34002 97 2 1 34.03 97 3 34.Clr 94 i 2 .3 1 34.05 97 i 3 34011 90 6 4 35.01 97 I
3 I
35002 2 97 1
35.03 71 1 2 2 24 35.04- 3 96 1 35.05 91 1 8 35005 1 74 2 1 1 21 35.07 1 97 2
35.11 90 6 1 1 2 35012 90 2 3 -}--- 2
-~--- --
35.13 30 13 10 47 35.14 70 1 10 8 It 1
35015 --~3 9 12 4 12 1--------------- 1-'-- --40001 1 98 1 40.02 90 9 1 40003 91 7 1 _L 40.04- 1 62 1 36 40005 86 14 40.06 88 11 1 40.11 1 95 2 1 1 40012 58 37 5 40.13 61 21 4 13 1 40.14 87 5 5 3
40.15 85 10 5
40.16 90 10 40.17 94- 2 2 2
Table .!2!
Peroentage frequenoy table for allophones of SKSE (A) before nasal
oonsonants where rounding ooours
A 'D
35.01 : + (m,n,l) 50 50
35.04-: + (n,I]) 59 41
35.07: + (n,l) 67 33
T5a
Table T6 T6
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (u)
Allophonic type [9] [0] [0]
Allophones u 1l 9 9- 0 ~ +
iJ 0 ~ (;) ~
34.01 1 12 85 2 -34.02 1 99
34.03 4 5 91
34.04- 99 1 34.05 2 2 96 34.11 9 80 7 4-
35.01 1 23 76
35.02 2 1 95 1 1 35.03 2 15 2 81 35004- 4 95 1 35.05 5 4 91 35.06 13 11 76
35.07 7 4 4 82 3
35.11 10 90
35.12 3 6 88 3 35.13 20 75 2 35.14 5 90 5 35.15 21 75 2 2
40.01 6 93 1
40.02 100
40.03 3 97
40.04 95 4 1
40.05 88 4 8 40.06 100
40011 16 84-
40012 5 95
400 13 7 78 11 4 40.14 6 76 18
40.15 11 78 11 40.16 12 88
40.17 7 93
Table !1 T7
Percentage frequenoy table for free variant allophones of SKSE (ii)
~: .
L' t[: t~: l:L: i'l' l' 1 ' l' ti: H: t: i tt' ,
l: t: t: l ~ l It: tL H It l£:
34.01 100
34.02 99 I f-r=:--'---
100 ~.03 -
34.04- 98 I I .. -
134.05 /DO
134.011 10 ('6 Ib 8
35.01 87 1 2 b I I I I
350 02 100 350 03 7 2 I I 2 40 2 I 2 42
35.04- +8 (, I I " 1 I 4 II 21
35.05 (,7 I 9 20 3 35.06 49 3 6 I .3 27 I 9 , 35.07 88 .3 3 I .2 3
35.11 5 89 5 1 35.12 47 39 14 35.13 31 19 35.14 4 70 15 II
35.15 5 79 Ib 40.01 90 5" 1 2 I 1 40.02 97 2 , 40.03 99 I 40 0 04- 100 40.05 99 I 40.()) 99 I
40.11 53 19 28
40.12 b 88 " 40.13 I 82. 3 10 4-40.14 71 10 19 40.15 5 ,,5 30
400 16 91 9 400 17 9 83 8
T8
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (aa)
Allophonic type [a:] [li: ] [a: ]
Allophones e: re: re: a: • • a: a: Ii: li: !: a:
34.01 100 .34.02 45 11 3.~ 11 . 34.03 29 57 14
34.04- 29 29 14 14 14 34.05 25 50 25 34.11 6 9 67 18 35.01 14 86
35.02 100 .--35.03 25 25 25 25 35.04- 13 6 13 25 25 18 35.05 8 17 8 50 17 35.06 7 13 20 7 33 20 35.07 10 50 40
35.11 13 5 13 23 39 7 35.12 10 24- J5 31 35.13 49 31
35.14 3 16 14 3 26 38 35015 8 8 6 8 _48 22
40.01 10 10 20 30 30
40.02 33 67
40.03 100 40.04- 20 80
400 05 39 23 15 8 _15 40.06 17 33 50
400 11 ~ 20 8 2 61 .a 40.12 5 10 10 10 .14 24: 27 40.13 3 42 3 46 6 40.14 13 12 59 -.16 40.15 9 ~6 51)
40.16 80 20
40.17 4 68 12 12 4
Table T9 T9
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (00)
Allophonic type [0: ] [(1: ] roe] [00]
Allophones 9: 0: 'D: +. o. (1: ge oe 00 90 00 'DO
34.01 100
34-.02 100
34.03 100
34.04- 100
340 05 99 1
34.11 97 3
35.01 5 95
35.02 4 96 350 03 85 2 9 4
35.04- 97 3
35.05 1 93 6
350 06 96 2 2
35.07 77 Ij 18 -
35.11 5 93 2
35.12 4 96
35.13 73 14 10 3 35.14 14 86
35.15 ee ~. --12
140.01 89 3 8
140•02 88 12
40.03 • 92 8
~0.04 100
~0.05 92 1 7
~O.~ 83 17
40.11 10 90
40.12 5 95
40.13 100
40.14 100
400 15 22 67 11 40.16 100
40.17 100
[99] includes [9: e] [09] includes [0:9, o:a]
Table T9a T9a,b
Percentage frequency table for allophones of SKSE (00) finally where
centring diphthongs occur in this position only
• 0: o:e ~.'9
.34.02 22 78
35.01 67 33
40.02 33 67
Table ~
Percentage frequenoy table for allophones of SKSE (00) before vocal
ized final and preconsonantal (1) where the [00] allophonio type
occurs in this position only
9: 0: 90 00
.34.~ 88 12
35.07 19 81
40.01 93 7
40.03 90 10
40.06 88 12
400 11 15 70 15
U·.\l!: \u: \~~ \ii:\~:\Y: \y: \u' \~. 34.0\ ~21 I 1 5 I I I I I 34-.02\9 34-.03 \47 34:0413 ~4:D5154 3+.ll \30 35.01194 35.02184 35.03194\2 35.041&9 35.05~4-35.0~1871 I 35.07191
33
35.11 1 1481--135 35.1.21 1171 12' 35.13 I I " 131 35.141 ~bl 113 35.15"1 1/21 147 40.0/11 40.0.2lg9 40.03/7.2 40.04 1100 40.051100 4D.06i991 I 4-0.11 I /1.1 I 1 "5" 4-0.121 1551 III
5 14
2.,
10
b
I \80\ \ 1 I 131 I I 14211 I I \ .10 97
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~I III I I I I II III I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 121:>
I I I ! I' I 1'12 'I I I 1
I I I I I 2... 33 158 tijl 14 120
'---'
i ~1I13 I I I I I I ,
27 I I , , I I I j
I I I I I 2 '" bRI3 S 3
~ ,SI 'l5"! 1
" 3 :321 1.2-! ;50;
E:;~ ;Itj~j I tl I III I· I w II I . . .. ... ..... 4O.lb 50
I
I 141 £1 , , i 14-0./7 40rMl !4.
~ I~ CD Ib '1 C' () I-' CD CD
~ l~ ~ .... CD 0
~
~ ~
CD ::s ~ c+ ~ I-' CD
~ '1 ~
~ CD c;
P1 .... § c+
~ I-' 0 'd ::r' 0
~ fa
~ ~ ~ ,.... ~ ~ - !j
0
~Itphoni' ~pe [El] [(£11 ~lIophol'li!s ~l el ~l ~1.lu ~l ~.\ t1 £·t i1. ~l t <t1. ill atlial ~1'''1 \,. .
-',c- f--- ~-
34.01 5 5 8 14- 8 5 3 52 34.01--- ._-f-- -----.; ,,- c--- ' f-- .-1-"
I 8g'9 I 34.03 77 b 16 34.04 r-.&4 7 -34,05- - -- ' --- - -- - - .. '
1 94-"34./1 2.:29 ).7,17 Ib 2 b 35.01 4- I 1 i2.8\12 ~9 9 35.02 11. 4- b 14- b 1 7 .3 3 I 35.03 1 2:41~ , 10 13 5" 35.04- J il5 8 b b7 , 35.05 5 3~ 5 21 39 35.0b I 3 \38\15 I II 13 2 .. --+-"
35.07 .2. 1% 35.11 2 :4l> 9 ~ 17 35.12 IJ5 II 10,114- 2 1. 35J3 /1111 4- 21 13 ilg 35./4 1 31,3219 122 35j5 9-lit:53 4 2. 4D.OI I 93 S-40.02- 94- " ! 40.03 ~1 (0 I 4-0:64 I ~b 4lfo5" ~9 40.Db , !£5' 13 7 10 J
40.11 J2 2 I I 5154- g 1 17 1 40./2 ,b 1hj51:12 I 40.13 3'41~1 I I 1 4-40.14 .2. !45~4 W 2 40.15 12D.12 JD !4D:4 4 40./" I/b:/2 iW " '-40.17 , II ~713! I 'I 119!/O __ ---.L.
fitl lea] ~1 ~l ~l!et I~~'~~ '~!_~~l ~t i ~li~l '~.l ;al i~t 1.8 ~
2.2.1113 I b I -,-
1 1
8 --
I 4-I 3 13 ~ 1 2 1 1 1
4-1 1
1. , 12 I
5 17 13 2- 5 1 7 I 1/3
,
I J /
, I , I I I 1 :3 ,
1 !
I f ! I
! I I r
[f:1 [£] e.a e: ~: ~~ E: E '£ ~
I
I 5
I I
2-
I
/
9 / I
I I / , I I 9 4-
I ! I I I
~ e'
I
4-
I
I I
!
J I I i
.r;;' toe! I~ • (II 0-
: ~ I-' (I) (II (II
;: ~ 11-3 .. l\) -" c(I) oq .....
~ (II
.. '1l (I) '1
(II CD ,0 '--'S:;:
(II .... t:I I:S () ~~ g. M(II ~ PI I-'
(II .... t:I ~ ....... '1 e(l)
~ '1l
~ ~ ~ (II ..
c(I) ~ ~ l\) .. '1 (I) ....
~§ c+
~ ~ '0 I-' (II 0 o '0 t+ ::r' .... 0 ~ I:S (II CD I-' r.
Co< • 0
~
~ ~ -CD .... - ~ ....
.u ',\on_ all ![al] [(itl [o.tl btl Allophone~ ~1 ~\ aet At \~1 ~t at 11 901 a~ al at Cit Q.\~~ ..
At ~1 tu 1~1. ,c?'t l6.t 0:1 Q:' ,a: :>1 l=ll '01 ch a.: 0.1 11: c--
:34.0\ ~ I I .2. I g b4 I 16 b 34.02. b ~+ 34 t> 3 27 -~ ...
34.03 115 39 12 b 12 " 34.04 50 12.0 10 20
~r <II g. d I-' (\) (1)
~ 18 III .....
oq N (1)
3+.05--- ----:-b - 42 14 /7 9 9 :3
34. " 1- --
3! I 17 5 15" 4- 8 34- 7 4 :2 35.01 4- iJ.7 22 47 I 35.02 33 07 i 35.03 18 5211g 4- 14- I 4-
~
d ~ (\) l:I 0
C<: ct-
35.04- 10124- 51 10 5 ~ 35.05 '12 3D 8 :50 4- 4- I-'
(!)
35.06 3 3 3 Ib 5 42 10 5 1'3 ~ 0
35.07 ,58 28 14-35./1 15 28 6 I .2- 14 /7 5 2 9 2.
'1 ~
d 35./2 2. 5 2 2 17 57 10 5 (!)
35./3 I Ib 1/ 5.2. I 2£-35.14 7 3 I 7 1.2. "37 6 7 4- 15 2
-
36.15 b , 13/12- I 27 / I g 2 4- 25
~
~ .... a 40.01 ! " 41 3 47 I 3 4-0.02 17 g g 34- ~5 8 I
~ I-' 0
4-0.03 g 8 I 133, 51 '0 ::r
40.04- 1/8 4-5 :2. 35! I I I
4D.05 Q3 2" 5 4- 20 51 9 4-1 4 I
0 l:I (!) to
4O.ob 12 122 11 '" 9 /8 2- i 0 ~
40.11 1 I 5 /3 .:2..b;29 :2- !23 4-0.12 8 18 5 13 6 1.. , 1 /8 3 b 3 :l 5 ,
40.13 ::3"Ll8 2- 2 7 .21 1- :l ! I 4-0.14- , 5 '33 I 3 :561 I , I I
40.15 ! 3 /2- I 17b I '"~ I 3
w ~ '"' III .... - 8 .....
40.16 I " " I :671 I I II N
4-0.17 I i j :1...12 j I I I 8 1.2 ,74-: : g I 12. : I I :J., f I
, I f ! I
- -
Table T12a T12a,b
Distribution table ~or the realization o~ the sequenoe (air) by long
monophthongs and long centring diphthongs
+ Cia~r ~u~r aa~r 0.:9 a:r a.:
34001 + + + +
~.02 + +
34.04- + +
34.05 +
34-11 +
35.02 + +
350<:6 +
35.11 +
35.12 +
35.13 + +
40.11 + +
40.14 +
40.15 +
[o.-9r,o.:·,o.·r] included in [a:gr,a:~,Q:r] respeotiTely
Table ~ Percentage frequenoy o~ oonditioned and unoonditioned allophones
of (ai) at ,34.. Q4.
ih Ci\. ~.a
Before (m,n) 9 9
Unconditioned 50 20
Examples of allophones absent elsewhere:
[.!:] : [t.!:m] time (n) ['~ • a]: [tt • am] time (n)
a: a: Ci: Q: -18 18 37 9
-
10 20
Table !11
Distribution of free variant allophones of SKSE (oi)
Allophonio [01.] [01.] type.
Allophones '0" + »1. 91. 01. 91. 01. '01. '01. 'Dc 1. '01. •
.34-001 +
34.02 + + ~
34.03 +
34004- + +
34.05 + -
34.11 + + + + + +
35.01 --.
35 .. 02 + • + + +
35.03
35.04- + + ._--
35.05 + +
35.06 + +
35.07 + + +
35.11 + +
35.12 + +
35.13 + +
35.14 +
35.15 + + +
40.01 + + +
40.02 +
40.03 +
40.04- + + + 40.05 + + 40.06 +
40.11 + + + +
40.12 + +
40.13 + +
40.14 + +
40.15 +
40.16 No exx. J 40.17 + +
[o:~,'Oi,~c}] included in [01.,'01.,'0(1.] respeotively •
• 35.02: (oi) + (1) -> [0:] in [bo:] 'boil',vb. (V.8.6)
Table !.12!
Distribution of allophones of [o~] type in bOl (VIII.1.3/42:3)
q~ q -1. 01. OC 1. l)"l, q1.
34-.11 +
35.07 + + + 35.12 +
4-0.12 + 4-0.14- +
4-0.15 +
4-0.16 +
4-0.17 +
35.07: [q~] in [bqbql.] 'bo-boy' ('scarecrow') (II.3.7)
Table .!1lt T14
Distribution of allophones of SKSE (ui)
Ul. ua lCl. 91. 01. ~1.
34-.02 +
34.03 + + +
34.04- + + 340 05 +
350 06 +
35.07 +
40.02 +
40.03 + 40.~ +
400 05 + + + 40.06 +
40.13 +
Table 11.2 T15
Distribution of free variant allophones of SKSE (iu)
v 0 i: I }U '\.u '\.u '\.u· '\.u: ... ii ... u: '\.ou: lou: "'c: ~u: ·ou:
~ .... - ._.-_. -------- .-~---~ --- -----34.01 +
.. ~-----. __ .
f----.
34.02 + ---
34.03 + + -- --I--- -
34.04- + + -----_._-- ._.- ----. 1--- . -
34.05 + + + -- --- ---.-.
35.02 + + -
35.03 +
35.04- + + + + +
350 05 + -----
35 0 06 +
35.07 + +
35.11 + +
35.12 +
35.14 + +
35.15 +
40.01 + +
400 02 + .. ---- -
40.03 +
40.06 + +
40.11 + + +
40.12 +
40.13 +
40.14 + +
34-.01 34. 02 I I I I 173 \ 5 I I III I I I I I I I I I I 1111 I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 I
13 ~3_4-.03--= _12051'103 317 :3 I 3. I! 34:04.- -- --S73 t-:3 I ,7 3 17 I Iii 34.05 7 .24-.2.1 ~8 19 I I I i ~4.1 , ----;68 8 ! I 1.. :D 2: 4 !12 Iii! :21 i ! 1 I 1 1\ \ 35.DI 5 5 150110 10: 1 515 5 I I i I I i I I I I I I 15 35.02 3S 1 I I ill I j I I 119 43 35.03 19 5 10 5 5 5 51311 I i I :10151 I I I I
I I
3114
~ I~ <& III '"1 Cr' o I-' <& <&
~ 18 III .... ~ 0'\ (J)
~ <& .0
~ ~ 0 ~
35.04 ,11i57 4- Iii ! I i I I !! 141 ,414
~~:g~ I I 13~~1 1 131 I 1& 1 131 1 1/4-1'41~1 I 171~1 I 14-1 14-1 I Iii j I I I ! i I I 1 17 31 i 35.07 I I 1
54551 I I ! I i5 ~Ol I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 ilOI I 1
5 35.111 : 1 !4b 2 i \.211012 . 17 5 7 i 5 II
i I 21 Iii i' iii 1 1 I
!.2.1 i I Iii i j 1.2.\ 14 35./2 1 1 1 11413bl4-1 '.2.1 1 I g 121 1 1 14120:2
ct-
~ I-' <&
~ 0 '1
~ '"1 <& CD
35.13 121 I ~711 1 I ! I I 1 I I I I i 15 :3114\ 1 1 I I i Ihl 114 < 1 :8 i.2.1 i 1.2.: 1 I l1.i 1 ilb! 1 I i I I
35.14 1 1 1 1/91391 1 I 14\41 I 1 I 14-1 I 141.2..1 18 35.15 I I 1113151r-, 14/ I 1 1 1 1 14ib! 1 I 1.2/ 1 II
I 1 \513 ilD 4D.OI 1 17~r 121 15! 1 1 I 12.1 1 1 I 17:/71 13
1 I j I! 13! iii 1 i i3\ i613 40.02 II \3 iSS 1 b \ I i I! 13\ \ !9!:9 1 I
40.03 1 1 I :531131 !71 171 I ! I 1131 1 17! I r Iii '
~ ..... ~ ct-
~ I-' 0
"d
.2..
~(f04- 1 i3i~'~11 ! I 1 191 I 1 191 I i 13 ;31 ! ! I I I :IIi! I I :3! i !211.1 -[.2 40.05 1 1 1314{);,b! I 13/ i 1 1.2..1 1 131 ,13'
I I I 1 j 4-0.0" 1 1 111b7il31 I I 1 ilol I 1 13 ii' I
::T 0 ~ CD (Q
0
: 2 14- i.1 !.2. ! I I i .1. : I 40.11 -, 1 I "gi311.:l!;2.17iT-T7[ I 1.21 191.21 I I I I 1414 I: i j I 1 4-0./2 I ~4s131 i31 I 1131111 i31 131161
I 40.13 1 ~11331 151 17 ~ T-11 l.2.i71 I 1 I i5 .2.!1O
~
~ CIl t>j
i.112 40J4--1 I I i38[3b! I I 141 I I I , I "i51 11.2 ·4-0.15 I I I 1151~131 I 1 1 IIiJ 1/.2.1 I I 1121
1. 413 171
40. I b I I i53119: I 1 1 I /121 1 Iii h I I I I I I I
-~ ....., 8 .... 0'\
4·6.17-- I I I~ /701 / / 14/ 11.' is i.li.2.t I 6 t I i..2! Ii '2
Table T16a
Distribution table for the realization of the sequence (aur) by long
monophthongs and centring diphthongs
~:er 839 ~: ~: a:
34.01 + +
34.0l!. +
34.05 +
34011 +
35.01 + 35.02 + +
35005 +
35011 +
35015 +
40.14 +
[rea] inoludes [~:Q,e·Q]
Table '1'17
Distribution of free variant allophones of SKSE (ou)
+ 00 tso 90 00 'DO 'DO ~:
34001 +
34.04. + +
34.11 + +
35.01 + +
35.02 +
35.03 +
35.04- + +
35005 + +
35.0> + --35.07 + +
35.11 + +
35.12 + +
35.13 + + + 35.14 + +
40.02 + +
40.06 + + +
400 11 + +
40.12 +
40.13 + +
40014 + + +
40015 + +
40.17 + + + + +
"'epheau(~ 'l~G>] [~(;)] [ArN1 [xG>1 [SQ] b:1 ['0] I
Allophones 010> flG> ~(.i) b(i) \'P.t~ ~ lOG> ,6) lOCi> i3G> ~)6) I\(i) ~G) AG) ,Att iSQ XLi) ~lN ,G> E,Q 1\~la(.i) au ~G> a~: 0: :>: 1:>: A " :1 0 A" '0'
34:0\ ~ 5" 19 19 34-.02 f,l0 13 20 4-D 7 34.03 14 1 37 JI4 ! ,.21 114-, 34.04- :3 131 \14- 11. i48 34.0S- i3S 311 31 ! 34:11 g 1.2 3 1 171 i3b 10 13 ! 35.01
, 31 10 '34- 3
'Or (I) III 11 t1' o ..... (I) (I)
~ 18 <t ~ (I)
~ .c ffi
35.0.2 17 83 35.D3 30 ./4- 30 14- b 6 ~5.04- 3 0 3 ~9 3 5b 35.05 7 10 54 2... 10 2 15
::s ~ c+
~ .... (I) _.
57 35.Do :3 4V 35.0t-· -- ----
19 -- -- ._- -. ""-f-:c" - r7 19 2- :l 5 18 ID 2... :L i 7 7
3-5Jl-' --I
-- --.-r7
-.:-r--- --. --I :l. g 73
'35.12- :3 3 21 ID bD 3
'"? 0 11 '"?
~ (I)
~5.13 , \ :l. 10 .20 ~ 171 1
35.14- I I 15' 1 I 73 2, 35.15" I ! J 1 .2.1 b I !gS 4D.DI 10 I I 14-1 !401 I /0 I I 10
< ~ .... ~ III
4D.D.1 3D 4D 10' 10 I I
40.03 8 15 15 i 471 15
.... .... 0
I'd 0"
40.04 3 /3 3 i51 3D I 0 ::s 40.06 3 38 7 I 19 1 3 3 2 41.2 3 1 4 (I)
gJ
~.Oo ~6 44 10 ~.II 3 31 £, W
, ... ,-;;- - '-' .=:- - - - -- -.--.-f-- 9/ 5 140.12 :l .2. 4D.I3 .?. I 1.2. 1.2 37 5 14- 27 .1 5 2- :L
.
0 '"?
~ ~ -4-0.14- l.2D I I 31 7 ,16 5 :1. " 1.2. ~
!40.l5' I i i"38:47 115 I I 1 o...JI'
t-3 ~
1401b I I /50 i I i i38 I h b I I I co
l4D.l7 I I I ~b : ! I I IDJ_J.2. --_.-31110: !:39 ,:J... I I ! i
Table 112 T19
Distribution of free variant allophones of SKSE (ir)
Allop~onic t~pe hrJ [lar] [(:rJ ([a]
tr i8r ~ar I ..
liar 'tar ~:r ia l'e 19 + t'a Allophone!) tr \8r lar \arllSr \a ta la t~ t-e V~ 34.01 + +
34.02 + + +
34.03 +
34.04- +
34.05 +
34.11 + + +
35.01 + + + + + +
35.02 + + +
35.03 + + + + --
35.04- + + +
35.05 + + + + +
35.~ + + + + +
35.07 ... + +
35.11 + +
35.12 + + + + + + +
35.13 + + +
35c14 + + + +
35015 + + + ... + -
40.01 + +
40.02 +
40.03 +
40.04 +
40.05 ... 40.06 +
40.11 + + +
40.12 + + +
40.13 + + +
400 14 + + + +
40015 + +
40016 +
40.17 + + + + +
Table 1!Q
Distribution o~ free variant allophones of SKSE (er)
Allophonic ~p~ lfr] [ear] [f:r]
ALLophone~ ~re.r ~r!3r~ar ear a~eta~~r £tal iurf:,r,e:r r:r 34-.01 +
34.02 +
34.03 + +
34-.04- + +
34.05 + +
31+011 + +
35.01 +
35.02 + +
35 003 + + - --
35.C»t. + +
35.05 + +
35.06 + + +
35.07 + + +
35.11 + :+
35.12 +
35.13 + + +
3501lt- + +
35.15 + +
40.01' + +
40.02 + +
40003 + +
40.04- +
40.05 + +
40006 + +
40.11 + +
40012 + + +
40013 +
40014 + + -- --- ---
40.15 + +
40016 +
40017 + + 1..----- .. --
[E: ar ] includes [ear:]
[ee] inoludes [ea,e· a]
+
+ +
ft- +
+ + + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
lea] ea Ita !~~ e~ ea ~fIEt> 1~t>!f.18~lP Erp + +
+
+ +
+ + + + + + +
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+
+
- -- -
+ +
+
+ +
+
T20
[~:L_
~~~: t:
-
+
-
-- --
--. + +
-
---
+
-
--.
+
+
---
+
-. --+
Table T21 T21
Percentage £requency table for £ree variant allophones o£ SKSE Car)
All0r.0n.lt [ar] Ia.:r] [o.:r] let: r] k1:ar, d:a] [d.:1 [li:] [!!:l.--t.9pe
•• + lZ:r a.:r~: nii:r~: r a:r1i;i:r ~:r .. +r:t o.:a a: Ci: • Allophones ar g.r Clr o.r a.:r a:r'n': (l: a~ !:l: a.~ a.: .. _.
34.DI 0 19 56 19 '---
34.01 I 51 II 33 5 --.. -
34.03 .15 50, 5 5 5 5 5 34.D4- :3 71/7 17 3 :3 7 36 7 34.05 ~.~ 19 .2.4- 19 5 5 34.11 6' I b 62 3 20 + I
8 -_ .. _"
35.01 59 33 .20
I-- --35.01- 10 "0 35.03 10 5 14 5 bb 35.04- 7 7 ..2.1
---',
37 .21 7 35.05 8 17 34- ~5 g 8 :35.0b b 19 .2.9 3b 35.07 80 ~O 35./1 ~O 35 b I I 7 4- 1 9 I 15 35.1:2- 4 4- 31 31 4 13 13 35.13 1 15 17 8 58 35.14 1 l. ~5 b 14- 31 "35.15 1 I 18 13 6+ 3 40.01 5 5 4b 14 10 5 5 40.02 4D 10 lO 10 10 - -- -4D.03 17 :rr 18 10 18 4D.o4- 10 10 70 4D.o5 8 13 ~~ 3 47 '3
-
40.06 ~5 :25 50 40./1 2 :3 7 .24 1:1. 1 10 ,2.8 , 3 4- 5 40./1 9 3 17 9 9 15 17 b 3 :3 3 3 :3 4-D./3 3 "3 10 l5 3 3 ,3 7 7 3 33 4D./4 1;2. Jl 31 14- :2. g 11 4D.15 Ib 38 123 .13 4D.th 5 5 ~5 ~o 5 5 5 1O
4-0.17 0 13 1 15 12- 12. 3 3 10 lb
Tables ~ ~~: SKSE (ar) T21a,b
T21a: frequency of rhotio allophonio types expressed as percentage of total occurrence of rhotic forms, but excluding [ar] type.
T21b: frequency of non-rhotio allophonic types expressed as percentage of total occurrence of non-rhotio forms.
Table T21a Table T21b
[a:r] [a:r] [a:r] [a:ar] Total [a: ] [H:] [Q: ] [a:9] Total % %
34.01 100 6 21 79 ~-34002 100 62 100 38 34003 94- 6 80 50 25 25 20 34-.04- 21 73 6 47 19 81 53 34-.05 47 48 5 100 -34.11 8 92 71 100 24-
35.01 100 8 100 92 c·-
35.02 100 20 25 75 80
35.03 100 10 5 21 74 90
35004- 100 14 66 34 86
35.05 42 58 59 81 19 41
35.06 100 35 100 65
35.07 80 20 100 -35.11 76 10 14 74 38 4 58 26
35.12 6 94- 66 13 87 30 -.- -- -66---1-=;--- -. 100 32 100 35.13
----35014 4 4 92 55 100 45
35015 6 94- 33 100 67
40.01 11 78 11 90 50 50 r-~-10
40.02 40 40 20 100 -40003 54 28 18 100 -40004- 30 70 100 -40.05 4b 54 92 -40.06 50 50 100 -40011 37 28 35 83 25 75 12
400 12 39 31 30 76 40 40 20 15
400 13 7 30 56 7 44- 23 18 59 56 40.14 34- 66 69 6 26 68 31
400 15 29 71 54 100 46 400 16 50 33 17 90 -40017 30 41 29 91 -
V\ll~hc;nrt ~pe -\t:>:rl-------~---- [J~r) !l~~1 \[J:] Allophones ~~:rp:rR;r\,o;r~;rp:rja:rj):rtoc:~:!'\Qa~qar\~~ri)drRarp.'r~r;5ar\~a pap''P~a pa 1w\~: j:>:R=!l?: lo:\~: \5: :t>I:lr1&: 34.01 1 1331 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I lb1 34. D.l I f47\ \ I I 1 \ I I I I I I I p.41 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~4 5 "34.03 1 1?>31 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Iii 1 1501 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 I I 1 117 34.04 I 13.21 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I 118 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 150 34.05 1 \141 1 1241 1 1 1 1 1 \ I I I \14\ I ~4114 515
r 34.1' I ~31 I 1 1 I I I 1 I I 1 I I 118 I I I I I 1-: 35.01 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 19 1 1 1 19 1 1 1 19 1 I 1 p'7LL1JI9\.2.T 35.0.2. 10 30;.20 10130 @ 5. ~3 4 9 , __ 9__ _. 1_ 4. 4: ~ \4 4- + l33 \4 14 14\ 1 35.04 5 5 5 54-g III 51b 35.05 :3 8 -- - --- - - -- b - liD 3 ~ 3T 181 181 1 11 I 35.0b ~9 /8 4 ~5 4 35.07 40 13 7 10 13 r I 1 J7 35. II ~ ;2l:l. 2. 3D 35.12. 13 1451 1 I I I I I 1 ITT I I b 1281 1 131 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 115
35.13 159 t 1111111111111 till n 1111 r~' I I I I I I I I EJ,~ ! -/"4 : " " ::r2: " :8 8 : ::l~~1 I 1,01 I I I I I
r~.~; I !~!I I I I I I I I I I I I I Fill I I j'41 I I I I 1141 I I I I I I I I 40.04- 1 1~lr-r-rl r-I I I I I I I il II I I 1 I 1 I 1 I I I 127 4O.D5 I \501 I I \ \ 1 I I \.2.1 1 1 1 l~ 1.2131 I 161 I I I I 15 4CJ. Db I ~I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 111,581 I I I I I 1 I I I I 112 40.11 1 IWI I I I I I I I 11I1I Ili/Dl I 11110111 I I I 112.15 40.12. 1 1531 131 1 1 1 I 131 I \ /3\ I22J I I I I I I I I I I-lfb 40./3 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 17 1101 I I 131 131 1 171 1 !bOi 40./4- 1541 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1191 I I I LJbl_LlJ I III 40. '5 I I I I I 1 I I I , I , ~ I 1J II 1 I I I I I I I I I 145
3,10 40. , b I [1M I I I I I I I I
~, 4-0. 17 I /59/ I I I I \ I /3 r I I I i 19 i
r-, "t1 I 1-3 0() (l) III •• '1 ct G> 0 ~
.. (l) (l)
o ::s c+ 11-3 .. " ~ ~ 0+ (l) ..
G> ~ ......... '1
(l) ..... .a ::s ~ o (l) ~ ::s a 0 (l) '< po c+
..... ~ ::s ~
r-, 0()
G> .. o
(I)
H;) o '1
G> ~
~+ ~ G> (l) .... oJ
'1 CD til 'd
CD o c+
~ III '1 1-"
~ ~ ~ CD ~ ~ 0 '< 'd • ::s
o g til
o ~
~ ~ -o '1 - ~
N N
'Tables T22a and T22b:SKSE (or) ~---.-.---
T22a,b
Table T22a: frequency of rhotic allophonio types expressed as percentage of total ocourrenee of rhotio forms.
Table T22b: frequency of non-rhotio allophonio types expressed as per
centage of total occurrence of non-rhotio forms.
Table T22a Table T22b
[o:r] [oQr] Total [09] [ 0:] Total % ~~
34-001 100 33 100 67
34-.02 66 34- 71 100 29
34-.03 43 57 83 100 17
34-.04- 64 3b 50 100 50
34-.05 42 58 90 100 10
34-011 71 29 61 18 82 39
35.01 100 18 11 89 82
35.02 100 10 56 44 90
35.03 72 28 43 1.4 86 57
35004- 33 67 15 76 24 85
35.05 65 35 17 28 72 83
35.06 100 29 31 69 71
35.07 75 25 80 100 20
35.11 67 33 66 6 94- 34-
35012 56 44- 85 100 15
35013 100 24- 8 92 76
35.14 71 29 62 21 79 38
35.15 44- 56 34- 12 88 66
40001 100 24- 100 76
400 02 66 34- 86 100 14
40.03 100 86 100 14
40.04- 86 14 73 100 27
40.05 57 43 89 55 45 11
40.06 42 58 88 100 12
40011 83 17 72 40 60 28 r 40.12 70 30 84 100 16
400 13 100 30 14 86 70 r-
40014 75 25 73 22 78 27 ~
40.15 100 55 100 45 40016 100 100 -r--40.17 n 23 81 32 68 1q
Table~ T22c,d
Peroentage frequenoy table for allophones ot SKSE (or) in final sub-
system
9: r o:r 99r
35011 21
35013 25
40.11 10 10 10
• rev] : e.g. [d~"9] fdoor' (4:3)
[90"9]: e.go [r90"9] -four' (28:4)
.;;.Ta.;.;.;b_l_e~
09r
58
30
• • 99 09 9"9 0"9 90"9 9:
7 14 8 67
10 10 10
Percentage frequenoy table for allophones of SKSE (or) in subsystem
derived from )(E 2. + .!:
o:r 'D:r it> , :r Q:r e9r
400 06 8 8 17 59 8
0:
10 -
Table T23 T23
Percentage frequency table for free variant allophones of SKSE (Ar)
.Allophonio type [e:r] [e: ]
.Allophones e:r 1!:r 3:r 9: • 9: 3:
34-.01 40 60 -
34-.02 86 14 34-.03 90 10
34-.04- 72 28
34-.05 100
34-.11 92 3 5 .35.01 57 4.3 .35.02 8 8. 84 .35.0.3 44- 14 28 14
.35.~ 33 67
.35.05 67 33 35.06 75 25
.35.07 94 6
.35.11 100
.35.1 2 89 11
35.13 50 20 30
.35.14 100
.35.15 48 8 44
40.01 60 40
40.02 100 40.03 88 12
40.04- 93 7 40.05 100 40.06 100 40.11 100 40.12 92 4 4 40.13 64 7 29 40.14- 87 13 400 15 60 40 400 16 100 40.17 100
Table ~ T24
Distribution of allophones of SKSE (ur)
Allophonic type [uar] [oar] [ua]
Allophones uar oar o~r oar ua oa ~a
.34.02 +
.34.03 +
.34.64- +
34.05 +
35.02 +
35.1 2 +
35~13 + +
35.14 +
35.15 +
40.01 +
40.02 +
40.03 +
40.04- +
40.05 +
40.~ +
40.11 +
40.12 +
40.13 +
40.14 +
40.16 + +
40.17 +
[uar] inoludes [u:9r]
Table T25
Localities at which the developments described in 2.1.4.1i-v occur centralized (then lengthened) lowered, retracted (then lengthened) raised and lengthened centralized
i e a 0 A
34-.01 + + + +
31+.02 + + +
34-0 03 + + +
34.04- + + + +
31+.05 + +
34-.11 + +
35.01 + + + 35 0 02 + + +
35.03 + + +
35.04 + + +
35.05 + + +
35.06 + + +
35.07 + + + +
35.11 + + +
35.12 + + +
35.13 +
35.14 + + +
35.15 + + + +
40.01 + + + +
40.02 + + +
40 0 03 + + + + +
400 04- + + + +
40.05 + + + + + 40.06 + + + + +
40.12 + +
40.13 + + +
40.14- + + + 40.16 +
T25
Table .Q1. Raising of /re/ <- SKSE (a)
ScaJ.e of values: /re/-1
/re/-2
/re/-3
[re] •
[fi;]
/re/~ : [e: ....... ,,]
Where, as a result of the existenoe of the /a/ phonemio type alongside /re/, the total percentage score for /re! falls below 100, the total is indicated in the final oolumn.
/re/-1 /re/-2 /re/-3 /re!~ INDEX Total
34.01 54 x 1 =54 31 x 2 = 62 15 x 3 :: 45 61 34.02 92 x 1 :: 92 8 x 2 = 16 8 34·04- 45 x 1 ::: 45 5 x 2 = 10 10 50
,34.05 59 x 1 = 59 34 x 2 = 68 7 x 3 = 21 48
,34.11 77x1=77 10 x 2 = 20 1 x 3 = 3 1 x 4 = 4 17 89
35.01 35 x 1 = 35 53 x 2 =106 6 x 3 = 18 6x4=24- 83
35.02 6 x 1 =6 81 x 2 =162 13 x 3 = 39 107
35.03 31 x 1 = 31 56 x 2 =112 9 x 3 = 27 4 x 4 = 16 86
35.04 67 x 1 = 67 20 x 2 = 40 13 x 3 = 39 46 35.05 4b x 1 =46 36x2=72 5 x 3 = 15 5 x 4 = 20 66 92
35.cxJ 60 x 1 = 60 17 x 2 = 34 3 x 3 = 9 29 80
35.12 93 x 1 = 93 7 x 2 = 14 7
35.13 86 x 1 = 86 13 x 2 = 26 1 x 4 = 4 16
35.14 88 x 1 = 88 9 x 2 = 18 3 x 4 = 12 18
35.15 69 x 1 = 69 28 x 2 :: 56 2 x 3 = 6 1 x 4 = 4 35
40.01 84- x 1 =84- 10 x 2 = 20 3 x 3 = 9 3 x 4 = 12 25
40.02 57 x 1 = 57 11' x 2 = 22 16 68
40.03 87 x 1 = 87 9 x 2 = 18 4 x 3 = 12 17
40.05 48 x 1 = 48 11 x 2 = 22 4 x 4 = 16 36 63
40.11 40 x 1 = 40 5x2=10 1 x 3 = 3 15 46 40.12 75 x 1 = 75 6x2=12 2 x 3 :: 6 4 x 4 :: 16 25 87
40.13 91 x 1 = 91 8 x 2 = 16 1 x 4:: 4- 11
40.17 85 x 1 :: 85 14 x 2 = 28 1 x 3 :: 3 16
Table g Unrounding of SKSE (0)
Scale of Talues: (0)-1
.34.01 34.02
34.03
34-.04-34-.05
.34.11
35001
35002
35.03
35.04-
35005 35.06
35007
35.11
35012
35013
35014-
35015 40.01
40.02
40003
40004-40.05
40.06"
40.11
400 12
40.13 40.14
40.15
40.1 6
40.17
(0)-2
(0)-3
(0)-1
95 x 1 = 95 73 x 1 = 73 81 x 1 = 81
57 x 1 :It 57
41 x 1 = 41
54- x 1 =54-
96X1=96 62 x 1 :: 62
42 x 1 =42
59 x 1 :: 59
52 x 1 =52 60 x 1 = 60
18 x 1 = 18
85 % 1 = 85
100 x 1 = 100
92 x 1 = 92
57 x 1 :: 57
75 x 1 :: 75
75 x 1 = 75 68 x 1 :: 68
67 x 1 :: 67
17 x 1 = 17
52 x 1 = 52
23 x 1 :: 23
94- x 1 =94-82 x 1 = 82
82 x 1 = 82
Tl x 1 =77
100 x 1 :It 100
82 x 1 :It 82
88 x 1 = 88
[o-u-v- tJ ] ['Dc ..... t)c]
[a - A]
(0)-2
5 x 2 = 10 25 x 2 :: 50
19x2=38 43 x 2 :: 86
59 x 2 I: 118
30 x 2 = 60
4- x 2 I: 8
25 x 2 = 50 53 x 2 :: 106
33 x 2 :: 66
28 % 2 = 56 36x2=72 59 x 2 = 118
15%2=30
2 x 2 = 4
30 x 2 = 60
18 x 2 = 36 18 x 2 :: 36
16 x 2 :: 32
33 x 2 = 66
35 x 2 = 70 32x2=64-
19%2=38
6 x 2 = 12
16 x 2 = 32
7 x 2 = 14
19x2=38
18 x 2 = 36
8 x 2 = 16
C2
(0)-3 INDEX
5 2 x 3 = b 29
19
43
59 16 x 3 I: 48 6-2--
4
13 x 3 = 39 51 5 x 3 :: 15 63
8x3=24- 4-9 20 x 3 :: 60 68
4 x 3 :: 12 44 23 x 3 :: 69 105
15 0
6 x 3 :: 18 14
13 x 3 = 39 56
7 x 3 = 21 32
7 x 3 = 21 32
16 x 3 = 48 48
33 48 x 3 :: 141.- 131 16 x 3 :: 48 64
58 x 3 = 174- 135 6
2 x 3 :: 6 20
11 x 3 = 33 29
4 x 3 = 12 27
0
18
4 x 3 = 12 16
Table Q2 Retraction of SKSE (aa)
Scale of values: (aa)-1
34.01
34.02
34003
.34-004-
3lt-.05
3lt-011
35.01
35.02
35003
35.04- I 35.05 I
I
35006 i I
35.07 i 35.11 I 35012
35.13 35014
35015
4-0001
40.02
40.03
4-0.04
40.05
40.06
40.11
40.12
40.13
40.14-
40.15
40.16 I I
40017
(aa)-2
(aa)-3 :
(aa)-1
86 % 1 = 86
58 % 1 :t 58
25 % 1 = 25
6 x 1 = 6
50 % 1 = 50
32 % 1 := 32
8 % 1 = 8 20 x 1 = 20
100 x 1 = 100 1B % 1 = 1B
19 x. 1 = 19 16 x 1 = 16
70 % 1 = 70
100 x 1 = 100
100 x 1 = 100
n % 1 =n 100 x 1 = 100
29 x 1 = 29
25 x 1 = 25
94 x 1 = 94 13 % 1 = 13
84-%1 =84-
[a:] allophonio type
[H:] allophonic type
[ a.:] allophonio type
(aa)-2
56%2=112
14 % 2 = 28
14 % 2 = 28
50 % 2 = 100
9 x 2 = 18
(aa)-3
100 % 3 = 300
44- % 3 = 132
28 % 3 = 84-25 % 3 = 75
85 x 3 = 255
100 x 3 = 300
100%3=300
25 % 2 = 50 25 % .3 = 75
50 x 2 = 100 18%3=5lf.
25 x 2 = 50 67 % 3 = 201
27 x 2 = 54 53 x 3 = 159
36 x 2 = 72 46x3=13B
34 x 2 = 68 66 x 3 = 198
100 x 3 == 300 17 % 2 = 34- 64 % 3 = 192
14 x 2 = 28 70 x 3 = 210
30 x 2 = 60
100 x 3 = 300
8 x 2 = 16 15 x 3 = 45
2 x 2 = 4 69 x 3 = 207
24x2=48 51 x 3 = 153
6 x 3 = 18 12 x 2 = 24- 75 x 3 = 225
9 % 2 = 18 91 x 3 = 273
100 x 3 = 300
16 % 2 = 32
C3
INDEX
200
144-
14
70 100
179 200
200
75 86
159
133
·0 128
166
200
145
15lf.
30
0
200
0
38
0
140
126
12
162
191 200
16
Table ~
Progressive monophthongization of SKSE (au)
Scale of values: (au -1 : Diphthongs moving towards [o .... ~-6], also [iI~:] (au -2 : " " "[0]
!au -3 :" " "[, -T] au ~ :" " "[t] au -5 :" " ,,[ e]
(au -6 : Long monophthongs [I!!:- 83:""'" a:]
(au)-1 (au)-2 (au)-3 (au)-4 (au)-5 (au)-6 INDEX
34-.01 5h·1 =5R 5x2.=10 5x 5:2.5 3.2 x 6 .19.2- , g5 34-.02 I OO~/:IOO 0 34-.03 97~/:97 31(.2.-6 3 34-.04- 70'1:/:70 31(.2:1, 7K3 8 .2/ 3)( 4- or /.2. 17)(6-102 I J I 34-.05 /DO)( /'100 0 34-.11 82)t /:= 81 4-~.2..-8 1.2.)13 :36 J.~4-r8 34 35.01 ~5""·9S Sd,·30 15 35.02 381C 1=38 19)(S=95 43)(c.,258I .29 J
35.03 39)( 1~39 15x:2"'30 4bx3'/3B 107 35.04- 88)( 1 =88 4-)( 5-.2.0 ~'lC.b·4-8 56 35.05 71"1./ = 71 /!1C2=3b 4-x3 z 12 7'IC.' -4-2. 61 35.06 89v: /- 89 $",2.:" 31C 'S D 15 .2.0 35.07 ~5'1.1=85 15x2..:r30 15-35.11 ' 95'IC.1=.9S 1~2=.2. 4-x~ -12 9 35.12 9.2 ~ 1:c9~ 2..'1.3 • I> lt5 "/0 4'i.6-.2+ 3.2. 35.13 45'i.1=4-5 35x3·/o5 6x5 -30 14-","· Sf I b4 35.14 78"1.1==78 8x2=lb J.2~ 3· 36 :/.'1.4" 8 38 35.15 79'1.1 ::79 3)(2: " '7x3 a 51 /'l.E> rb 41
---~
40.01 55x/=-55 27x2.·54 SICS 1#.25 13"1.1, ·78 11.2-- - ---
40.02 76xl =-71, ,9)(2&/B '31C3'9 3x 5 -15 .9)(0 =54 7~_ ltD.03 /00"1./"/00 0 40.04- 94-v: 1 :94- 31(2: " 3)(3"'9 9 40.05 £7'/.' =67 13)(2=26 /1)(3 =-33 3)(4' /2. 4-"1.5 -.20 :L1.b·/~ 7D 40.06 /00'/.1:: 100 0
40.11 80lC,·gO /Dx3<50 .2.'/.04-:11 8 8tb rr48 fJb 40.12 94-x/::.9Jt ox:2'/.2 " --40.13 83'1 I =-83 5'1.2::/0 12,,6=-7.2. 65 40.14 86)(/ .. g6 4>i3-12 /)(4 7 4- .:z~5rrJD 7'1-b-41 54 40.15 g3lC/ .. S3 17}(b"'O.2. 85 40.16 /00'1./::100 0 40017 ~g~/:88 J.'I.:l~4- 6x3-/S 1'1.4"8 .2;~b"l!2. 3D
C5 Table Q2 Unrounding and oentralization of starting point of SKSE (AU) Scale of values: (AUj-1 : [OQ] and [0:] allophonic types
(AU -2 : [AQj allophonic type (Au -3: AQ allophonio type (Au)~ : [90 allophonio type (excluding [u:Jeto.
from mI) Where, due to the omission here of the [OQ] and [n] allophonio types, the percentage total of ocourrenoes falls below 100 the total is indicated in the final oolumno
(AU)-1 (AU)-2 (AU)-3 (AU)~ INDEX Total --
34-001 6 x 2 = 12 75 x 3=225 19x4=76 213
34-002 20 x 1 = 20 33 x 2 :: 66 40 x 3=120 7 x 4 = 28 134-~"---'-"---'-
34.03 14 x 1 = 14 51 x 2=102 21 x 3 :: 63 14 x 4 :: 56 135 . ----~'----.
34.04- 3 x 1 = 3 37 x 2 = 74 12 x 3 = 36 48 x 4=192 205
340 05 31 x 2 = 62 31 x 4=124 200 62
34-.11 20 x 1 :: 20 17 x 2 :: 34 46 x 3=138 13 x 4 = 52 154- 96 35.01 3 x 2 = 6 10 x 3 :: 30 84 x 4=336 283 97 35.02 17x3=51 83 x 4= 332 283
35.03 74 x 1 :: 74- 20 x 2 = 40 6%3=18 32
35004- 3 x 1 = 3 9 x 2 = 18 32 x 3 = 96 56 x 4=224- 241
35.05 71 x 1 = 71 12 x 2 = 24- 15 x 4 = 60 58 98
35006 3 x 2 = 6 40 x 3=120 57 x 4=228 254-
35.07 30 x 1 = 30 19x2=38 2 x 3 = 6 26 x 4=104 132 77 35011 2 x 1 = 2 25 x 3 = 75 73 x 4=292 269
--- -- .~.-~----., ._-_.-._-- --35012 3 x 1 = 3 3x2::6 31 x 3 = 93 63 x 4=252 254-
35.13 1 % 1 = 1 32 x 3 = 96 67 x 4=268 265
35.14 1 x 1 = 1 1 x 2 = 2 23 x 3 = 69 75 x 4=300 272
35.15 1 x 1 = 1 2 x 2 = 4 7 x 3 = 21 88 x 4=352 286 98
40.01 20 x 1 = 20 24 x 2 = 4-8 46 x 3=138 10x4=40 146
40.02 30 x 1 = 30 20 x 2 = 40 10 x 3 = 30 67 60
40.03 38 x 1 = 38 47 x 3=141 . 15 x 4 = 60 139
40.OL.. 3 x 1 = 3 3 x 2 = 6 51 x 3=153 30 x 4=1:20 224 87
40.05 55 x 1 = 55 32 x 2 :: 64 3 x 3 = 9 2 x 4 = 8 48 92
40.06 80 x 1 :: 80 20 x 2 = 40 20
40.11 3 x 2 = 6 37 x 3=1-11 60 x 4=240 257 --40.12 4 x 1 =4 96 x 4=384- 288
400 13 2 x 1 = 2 ~x2=84 14 x 3 = 42 27 x 4=108 178 85 40.14- 20 x 1 = 20 39 x 2 = 78 33 x 3 :: 99 6x4=24 125 9~_ 40.15 85 x 3=255 15 x 4 = 60 215 40.16 50 x 1 :: 50 38 x 2 = 76 6 x 3 = 18 6 x 4 :: 24 68 40.17 6 x 1 = 6 12 x 2 :: 24 41 x 3=123 41 x 4=164- 217
TPl Table TPl
Table to show average percentage ~requencies o~ non-rhotic ~orms o~
SKSE Car), (or) and (Ar)
.34.01 74~ 35.05 52~ 40.04 11~
.34002 27% 35.06 54~ 40 0 05 4'(
34.03 16~ 35.07 ~ 40.06 4~
.34.04 44% 35.11 2~ 40.11 13%
34.05 3% 35012 1~ 40.12 • 12~ . .34.11 · 24~ 35.13 64% 40.13 54% •
35.01 · 72'10 35.14 2~ 40.14 24~ · 35.02 8710 35.15 62~ 40.15 : 44~
35.03 6,X 40.01 ~ 40.16
35.04 7910 400 02 • 5% 40.17 61 • 40.03 910
Table ~
Probability table for types of (aa):{ar) opposition in non-rhotic systems
Types of opposition:
)fA: la:/ A2: /a:/:/IS.:/ MB: /11.:/ B1: /tJ.:/:/a:/ MC: /Q:/ C1: /Q:/:/a:/
MA. liB MC A2
34.01 1.0
34-.02 00 4
34.03 10 0
34.04- 0.4
34.11 009 35 0 01 _1.0 35.02 1.0
35.03 0.2 0.2
35.04- 00 2
35.05 0.3
35.06 005
35.11 001 0.5
35012 1.0
35013 1.0
35014 0.6
35.15 008
40.01 0.5
400 11 0 0 1 0.5
A3
0.6
0.1
00 5
0.1
0.4
0.2
005 0.2
A3: /a:/:/Q:/ B3: /H:/:/n:/ C2: /n:/:/l1:/
B1 B3
00 6
008
0.5
C1
0.3
0.2
TP2
C2
.-
001
0.7
0.35 -;-
0065 40.12
40.13 0.40 001 0.5 • 400 140 0.9 0.1
400015 100
• less than 0.1
Probabilities oorreoted to one deoimal plaoe, exoept in the oase of
values suoh as 0.35, 00 65.
Table TP3 TP3
Probability table ~or types o~ (00): (or) opposition in non-rhotic systems
TYPes of opposition: MA: /0:/ A2: /0:/:/09/ B2: /0.:/:/09/
Me: /09/ C1 : /09/:/0:/ D1: /00/:/0:/ D2: /00/:/09/
MA MC A2 B2 C1 D1 D2 _ •• ___ v ___ •
34-.01 1.0
34-.02 1.0 ...
34-.03 1.0
34-.04- 1.0 -------
,}4..05 1.0
34-011 0.8 0.2
35001 0.9 0.1
35.02 004 0.6
35.03 0.9 0.1
35.04- 002 0.8
35005 0.7 003
35.06 0.7 003
35.07 0.8 0.2
35011 1.0
35.12 100
35.13 0.6 001 0.3 • 35.14 0.8 002
35.15 0.9 0.1
40.01 0.9 0.1
40.02 0.9 0.1
40.03 0.9 0.1
40.0lt- 1.0
40.05 004 * 0.5 • 40.06 0.8 0.2
-
40.11 0.6 0.4
40012 1.0
40013 0.9 0.1
40.14 008 0.2
40.15 009 0.1
40017 007 0.3
* less than 0.1
Probabilities corrected to one decimal place.
D1: /ea/:/:n./ E1: /e:/:/a1./
Ai A2
.34.01 ,34..02
34-003
34-.04-
,34..05
34-.11 002
35001 350 02
35.03 0.7
35.04- 0.1
35.05 35.06
35.07 1.0
35.11 0.6
35.12
35013
35.14-
35.15 0035
40.01
40.02 1.0
40.03
40.04- 0.9
40.05 0.8 0.2
40.06 ~.8
40.11
40.12 003
40.13 0.8 ~0.14
14°·15 40.fb
p;:<r.17
A3
1.0 0.8
1.0
1.0 002
0.3
002
0.4-
1.0
0.8 0.6~
0.7
A4 A5 B1 B3 B4. B5 C3 C4 C5 D1 E1
0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1
0.2
0.6
0.3 0.2 0.2
0.4- 0.6 0.3
0.3 0.4-
0.6
0.4-1.0
0.6 0.2 0.2 • 0.2
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.8 0.2
0 .. 1 1.0
1.0 1.0
1.0
• less than 0.1; + total 0.9 due to exclusion of [e] type <-- (ei) Probabilities corrected to one decimal place, except in the case of 0.35, 0.65.
+
Table TA1
Participation of eaoh locality in distribution pattern refleoting
influence of Standard and London English: phonological items
P5 /P7 P23 P33 /P35 P45 ~47 P48 P531PP9 PF1C PP11 Tot.
34.01 + + + + + + + + + + + + 12 34.02 + + + + 4 34.03 + + 2 34.04- + + + + + + + 7
TA1·
~
100 -
33 -- .. ~-.
17 ._-
58 .- ~----- ~.
34.05 + + + + + + + 7 58 -
34.11 + + + + + 5 41 -- .
35.01 + + + + + + + + + 9 75 35.02 + + + + + + + + + + + + 12 100
35.03 + + + + + + 6 50
35.04 + + + + + + + + 8 67 35.05 + + + + + + + + 8 67 35.06 + + + + + + + + + 9 75 35007 - -35.11 + + + + + 5 41 35012 + + + + + 5 41 35.13 1 + + + + + + + + 8 67 35.14 + + 2 17 35.15 + + + + + + + 7 58 400 01 + + + + 4 33 400 02 + + 2 17 40.03 + + 2 17 400 04. + + + 3 25
40005 + + + 3 25 40.06 + 1 8
40.11 + + + + + + 6 50 40.12 + + + 3 25 40.13 + + + + 4 33 40.14 + + + + + + 6 50
40.15 + + + + + 5 41 40.16 ex: + 1 9
400 17 + + + 3 25 X: no eTidenoe available - new total for number of items in oorpus in
braokets at end of row.
Table TA2
Partioipation of eaoh looality in distribution pattern refleoting
influenoe of Standard and London English: lexioal items
L9 L12 L17 L25 L28 L40 L41 L66 L68 L73 L74 Tot. ~
34.01 + + + + + + + + + + + 11 100 34.02 + + + + + + 6 55
, ---~
34.03 + + + + + + + + 8 73 ---- --'---"
34.04- + + + + + + + + + 9 82 .. - ...
34.05 + + + + + .. + + 8 73 34.11 + + rx + + + + + ~ + 8 89
____ e··
35.01 + + + + rx + + .+ 7 70 -. 35.02 + + + .. .. + + + + 9 82
35003 + + + + + + + X .--..
7 70
35.04 + + + + + + + 7 64 .---.. ~
35.05 + + + + + + 6 55 .f---- - --.
35006 + + + 3 27 .---
35007 + + + + .. 5 45 - ---=----35011 .. .. + + .. R + + 8 73
X .,
35.12 .. .. I + + + 5 55 , ..
35013 .. .. + .. + + .. + + 9 82
'5< -. -- .. ---
35014 + + + .3 .30 ._-
35015 .. + + + + + + 7 64 40.01 + + + + + 5- -45
40002 + + + + + -5- '45
40.03 + + + '-3- 27 -
~0004- .. + + 3 27
"40.05 .. + + .. + + + .. 8 73 40.06 X + + + 3 -30
.-~--~
40.11 + .. .. + + + + + + 9 82
40.12 + + [X --.. 3 30
400 13 + .. + e><:: 3 30
40.14 .. .. + + + + + 7 64 40.15 + + ..
~ ~ + + t><: D< rx 5 84 [X [X rx r><
___ .__ M"
40.16 + 1 20 ---'-----.
40.17 + + + + + + + 7 64
TA2
(10)
(6) (5)
Table TA3
Partioipation of eaoh locality in distribution pattern reflecting
recession of archaic phonological features into peripheral areas
P2 P6 P10 P16 P26 P32 P38 P40 P46 P49 P54 Tot. ~
34.01 + 1 9 34.02 + + + + 4 36 34.03 + + + 3 27
34.04 + + + + 4 36 34.05 + + + + + + + 7 64-
34.11 + + + + 4 36 35.01 - -
--;-- 1"-.-- -35.02 + + + 3 27
35.03 + + + + + + 6 55 35.04- + + + + + + 6 55 350 05 + + + + 4- 3b
35.06 + + + + 4- 36 35.07 + + + + + + + 7 64 35.11 + + + + 4 36 35.12 + + + 3 27 35.13 - -35.14 + + 2 18
35.15 + + + 3 27
40.01 + + + + 4 36 40.02 + + + + + + + + 8 73 40.03 + + + + + + 6 55
40.04 + + + + + + + 7 64-
40.05 + + + + + + + + 8 73 40.06 + + + + + + + + 8 73 400 11 + + + + + 5 45 40.12 + + + + + + 6 55 40.13 + + + + + + 6 55 40 0 14 + + + 3 27 40.15 + + 2 18 40.16 l2< + + + + 4 40 40.17 + + + 3 27
TA3
TA4 Table TA4
Participation of eaoh locality in Kent and eastern Sussex area
L4 L14 USa L18 L20 L26 L44 L53 L58 L60 L65 Tot. 10
34003 ex >< lX + 1 12 34011 + >< 1 10 35.01 + + + + + + + + + + 10 91 35.02 + + + + + 5 45 35.03 + + + + + + + 7 64 35.~ + + + + + + + + + + + '11 100 35005 + + + + + + + + 8 73 35.06 + + + + + + + + + 9 82
35007 + + + + + + + + + + + 11 100 -.
35011 + + + + + + + + 8 J.2 35.12 + + + + + + + + + + 10 91 35.13 + + + + + + + _7 64-_ 35.14 + + + + + X lX + 6 67
35015 + + + + + + + 7 64 40004 + + 2 18 40.05 + + + + 4 36
._-40.06 + + + 3 27
! _r ______
40012 + + + + + + 6 55 [X
- t---40.13 + + + + + 5 50
40015 + >< ex [X C>< [X ~ 1 ------20
nob. The percentage score at 40.15 may be exaggerated due to the
relative laok of evidence.
Table TA5 TA5
Participation o~ each locality in Surrey, central and western Sussex and north-western Kent area
L18 L26 L35 L37 142 L44 L53 165 Tot. ~ (8)
340 01 + + + + + + + 7 87 34.02 .. + + + + + 6 75 340 03 X rx + + + + + + 6 100 (6) 34.<:4 + + + + + + + 7 87 34.05 + + + + + + 6 75 .34011 + + + + + + 6 75 35.02 + + + + 4 50 35.03 + + 2 25 3500:; + + 2 25 35.11 + 1 12 35.13 + + + + + 5 62 35.14 + 1 12 35015 + + 2 25 40.01 + + + + + + + + 8 100 40.02 + + + + + + + 7 87 40003 + + + + + + + 7 87 40.04 + + + + + r; 62 40.05 + + + + + + 6 75 40.06 + , + + + + + + 7 87 400 11 + + + + + + 6 75 400 12 + + + + + + 6 75 40.13 'X + 1 14 40.14 + + + + + + 6 75 40.15 X + + + + 4 57
-----:--40.16 rx C>< + X X + 2< 2 67 40017 + + + + + + + 7 87
L& L9 L21 L2i L2S L31 L38 L4D L41 L5.1 L55.a L6.2. L(,3 L"~ L77 Total 0/.
35001 + 1 7 35.03 + t + + + i- + + + + + + + T 14 93 35.04- + + + + + + X + + 8 57
(15) ~ I~ ~ g. ci' ...... t (I)
~ I~ ~ ~
(14) ..... 0 ::s
35.05 + + + + + ,
T + + + + X + + + 14- 100 T ( 14) 0 ~
35.07 + t t + + + t 7 47 35011 + t + + -t + + 7 47 35.13 + X- I>< , g 35.14 rx + t + + rx X rx 4 3b 35.15 + + t + I>< X + C>< 5 41 40.06 + C5<: I 7 40.13 ~. + ~ I 8
---------
(I) III 0 ::r'
( 13) .... 0 0
( J I) ~ .....
(1.2.) ~
(14) ..... ::s
(13) CD I» tAl c+ (I)
~ ~ ~ I»
~ II'
~
Table TA7
Participation of each locality in south-eastern Sussex and south
western Kent area
LI L7 Ll9 1.30 1..33 1.34- Lfl L47 L5b L59 L63 Lbf L75 TotMl -.}4..03 + 1 3400lt- ~ + + 2
35003 + 1
350<l+. + + + + + 5
35005 [X + 1 35006 + + X + + + + + + 8
35.07 + + + + + + + + 8
35.11 ex + lX + + 3
35012 [X + + 2
35.13 + + + lX 3 35014 LX + + + + + ~ ~ + 6
[X 35015 C>< [X ~ + + 2
40004- + + + + + + + + 8
40.05 + + + + + + + + 8
40.06 + + + + 4 40011 IX + 1 40.12 + + + + + + + + + lX 9
40013 + + + + + + + + + + 10
TA7
%
8
17 8
38
8
67
62
27
17
25 60 "-
22
62
62
31 8
75
n
(13)
(11 )
( 12)
( 12)
(10)
(9)
40015 + + + ~~~,-~ ~~~.
Guide ~ Maps
1. County Numbers
3l,. : Surrey }
35 : Kent
40 : Sussex
Counties used for orientation in oommentaries
2. Mapping Conventions
3.
Isopleth Maps
1. At localities where a feature ooours with a frequenoy less than the
lowest isopleth value, its presenoe is indioated by the symbol II.
Isogloss Maps
1. Within labelled areas, the ooourrenoe of the labelled form is indio-
ated by the locality point alone.
1!. A locality point canoelled by a St. Andrew's oross indioates that
the labelled form was not recorded at that locality.
ill. The oocurrence of a form outside its labelled area, or of a. form
which has no ooherent distribution, is indicated by a symbol. A key
to such symbols is provided on each map.
ll. Where, at a looality within a. labelled area, alternative forms ocour,
these are indioated by symbols superimposed upon, or placed either
side of, the looality point whioh, unless oancelled by a oross (see
!habove), oontinues to indioate the presenoe of the labelled form.
I. The reference to the relevant section of the text (Volume I) is
given in the top right-hand oorner of each map.
Abbreviations
irr.r. irrelevant response n.r. not recorded
n.a.. not asked reo. reoorded
n.f. not found ref. refers to
n.ko not known resp. response
MAP X1 Sketch map of" Surrey, Kent and Sussex, showing county boundaries, main communication routes and towns ref"erred to in text (cf. Map G1)
,.," r-"
I
(' ~ ~ , • ,-... '
" , , • t, ... ,
SuRRIV
,-'
,"i'
-,'"
,......-----" SuSSIX
, • . -, ------- ----
Hif • &II ....
L •
kENT
-- '--\' ,--
3-/
"
'" •
'-.
/A: Ash:rord. B: Brighton C: Canterbury Ch: Chatham D: Dover F: Folkestone G: Guildford. H: Hastings lffi: Haywards Hth L: Lewes
! N: Newhaven P: Portsmouth R: Rochester S: Shoreham T: Tonbridge TIl: Ttmbridlre Ws
~B. Sketch ma.p of" Surrey, Kent and Sussex, showing principal topographical areas (cf". Map G2) .
, .. ' I
,'$ufUl£Y ',HaA~
I
LOW WEALD
Low .. ",-W.ALD
H'''H WIAL!)
Map X2
(.HALk
<.rAUL., CL.AV
~.ll Sketch map of Surrey, Kent and Sussex, showing principal rivers and land over 250 ft. above sea level (cf. Map G3)
lop;tN-EY MAltaH
LAND .... c
Ad.:Adur Ar: Arun B: Beult c: Cuckmere E: Eden ER: E. Rother
·Me: Medway 140: Ko1e
.0: Ouse S: Stour
. ; T: Teise • W: Wey ; VIR: W. Rother
