PROJECT REPORT ON A VOLTAGE SUPPLIER 24.12. 2014

SECOND YEAR SECOND SEMESTER.

DEPT. OF APPLIED PHYSICS , ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GROUP 2

1. MD. RUBEL SARKAR

(200121102004)

1. MD. ABBAS ALI

(20121102001)

3.TAUHIDUR RAHMAN

(20121102023)

4. MD. BURHAN UDDIN

(2012120205..)

JIBON KRISHNA MODAK

LECTURER DEPT OF

APECE,BSMRSTU

GOPALGONJ

a

SUBMITTED BY, SUBMITTED TO,

SL NO Name of process Page no.

01 Abstruct 01

02 Introduction 01

03 Circuit Operation 02

04 Description each component 02-10

05 Application 11

06 FEATURES & MAXIMUM RATINGS 10

07 List of component 11

08 Refernce 12

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

This is a type of DC power supply 5 volt of DC voltage. we can use it with the other devices

whatever they need. With this device we can recharge the rechargeable electronic devices like

mobile, computer and many others.

ABSTRACT

This project represent the description and construction of a circuit which can be used for using

the IC L7805CV, transformer,capacitors, resisistors, diodes, potentiometer and other essential

components. The device developed in this project is an inexpensive and easy to assemble. The

soul purpose of this electronic workshop is to construct as well as implement a DC power

supply system in which we can get good quality voltage and current. Now details analyses are

given.

T1

10:1C1

470µF

C2

1µFC3

0.47µF

V1

220Vpk 50Hz 0°

R1

1.0kΩ

LED1

D1

1B4B42

3

1

4

2

U1

LM7805KC

LINE VREG

COMMON

VOLTAGE

CIRCUIT OPERATION

The output generated from the unregulated DC output is susceptible to the fluctuations of the input signal. IC voltage regulator is connected with bridge

rectifier in series in these project so to steady the DC output against the variations in the input DC voltage. To obtain a stable output of 5V, IC 7805 is attached with 6-0-

6V along with 500mA step down transformer as well as with rectifier. To suppress the

oscillation which might generate in the regulator IC, C2 capacitor of 0.1 uF value is

used. When the power supply filter is far away from the regulated IC capacitor C2 is used. Ripple rejection in the regulator is been improved by C4 capacitor(35uf) by

avoiding the ripple voltage to be amplified at the regulator output .The output

voltage is strengthen and deduction of the output voltage is done capacitor

C3(0.1uF). To avoid the chance of the input get shorted D5 diode is used to save the

regulator. If D5 is not presented in the circuit, the output capacitor can leave its

charge immediately during low impedance course inside the regulators. 7805 is a

5V fixed three terminal positive voltage regulator IC. The IC has features such as safe

operating area protection, thermal shut down, internal current limiting which makes

the IC very rugged. Output currents up to 1A can be drawn from the IC provided

that there is a proper heat sink. A 9V transformer steps down the main voltage, 1A

bridge rectifies it and capacitor C1 filters it and 7805 regulates it to produce a steady

5Volt DC.

DESCRIPTION OF EACH COMPONENT

ICL7805CV

A regulated power supply is very much essential for several electronic devices due to

the semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate of current as well as

voltage. The device may get damaged if there is any deviation from the fixed rate.

The AC power supply gets converted into constant DC by this circuit. By the help of a

voltage regulator DC, unregulated output will be fixed to a constant voltage. The

circuit is made up of linear voltage regulator 7805 along with capacitors and resistors

with bridge rectifier made up from diodes. From giving an unchanging voltage supply

to building confident that output reaches uninterrupted to the appliance, the diodes

along with capacitors handle elevated efficient signal conveyal.

Description:

As we have previously talked about that regulated power supply is a device that

mechanized on DC voltages and also it can uphold its output accurately at a fixed

voltage all the time although if there is a significant alteration in the DC input

voltage.

ICs regulator is mainly used in the circuit to maintain the exact voltage which is followed by

the power supply. A regulator is mainly employed with the capacitor connected in parallel to

the input terminal and the output terminal of the IC regulator. For the checking of gigantic

alterations in the input as well as in the output

filter, capacitors are used. While the bypass capacitors are used to check the small

period spikes on the input and output level. Bypass capacitors are mainly of small

values that are used to bypass the small period pulses straightly into the Earth.As we

have made the whole circuit till now to be operated on the 5V DC supply, so we have

to use an IC regulator for 5V DC. And the most generally used IC regulators get into

the market for 5V DC regulation use is 7805. So we are connecting the similar IC in the

circuit as U1.

IC 7805 is a DC regulated IC of 5V. This IC is very flexible and is widely employed in all

types of circuit like a voltage regulator. It is a three terminal device and mainly called

input , output and ground. Pin diagram of the IC 7805 is shown in the diagram below.

PIN

NO. PIN DESCRIPTION

1 INPUT In this pin of the IC positive unregulated voltage is

given in regulation.

2 GROUND In this pin where the ground is given. This pin is

neutral for equally the input and output.

3 OUTPUT The output of the regulated 5V volt is taken out at

this pin of the IC regulator.

In the circuit diagram C2 as well as C3 are filter capacitor while bypass capacitors are the C1

and C4.The electrolytic polarized capacitors are employed for this purpose. For the purpose

of filter capacitors normally 10mfd value of the capacitor used. And in these projects we

also used 100mfd value of the capacitor. While in all kinds of circuit the value of bypass

capacitor is 0.1 mfd. And in generally un-polarized mainly disc capacitors employed for this

purpose.Currently we have the circuit for the 5V DC positive regulation and we are also

familiar with the component values used in the circuit. In the table below we have

mentioned the value in detail of all the components used in the circuit of 5V DC positive

regulator

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more

circuits through electromagnetic induction.

A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic

flux in the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the secondary winding. This

varying magnetic field at the secondary induces a varying electromotive force (emf)

or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction with

high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to

efficiently changeAC voltages from one voltage level to another within power

networks.

Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimetre in

volume to units interconnecting the power grid weighing hundreds of tons. A wide

range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power

applications. Since the invention in 1885 of the first constant potential transformer,

transformers have become essential for the AC transmission, distribution, and

utilization of electrical energy.

Function:

transform power,convert voltage,insulation

Application:

almost all the electrinic product such as power switching, computer peripherals,video

equipments, measuring equipments ,industrial control,communicating

equipments,medical facilities,automobiles and other fields

Shape of transformer's core:E type

Material:

the cores are lapped by high quality silicon steel slate and have been treated by

insulation,utilizing the fuse wire fully assures the safty of connecting equipment

the input lead wire is clearly marked by red,the length of which depends on our

clients' favor .

Characteristic:

Forge the combition of convenient installation ,high cost performance, low

consumption,and nice appearance.

with lamination size range of EI28/35/41/48/66/76/96/133 to match with the resquested power

Specification of transformers:

Various rated input option:100-240VAC,50/60Hz

Output power:1W,

Maximus ripple voltage:250mV

converting efficiency:50%

line regulation:10%

load regulation:10%

Protection:

over temperature protection:130degree centigrate

Security test including overload test, hi-pot test, insulation test,line production

test,humidity test

Comform to different countries’ Safety standards such as ,UL,GS,CE,ROHS ,CCC and

more

Manufacturer of this type of transformers:established in1993.

You will get trustful professional resarchers in the field of transformers to customise

what you need...

Diode

A diode is a specialized electronic component with two electrodes called

the anode and thecathode. Most diodes are made with semiconductor materials such

as silicon, germanium, or selenium. Some diodes are comprised of metal electrodes in

a chamber evacuated or filled with a pure elemental gas at low pressure. Diodes can

be used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators,

signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators.

The fundamental property of a diode is its tendency to conduct electric current in only

one direction. When the cathode is negatively charged relative to the anode at

a voltage greater than a certain minimum called forward breakover, then current

flows through the diode. If the cathode is positive with respect to the anode, is at the

same voltage as the anode, or is negative by an amount less than the forward

breakover voltage, then the diode does not conduct current. This is a simplistic view,

but is true for diodes operating as rectifiers, switches, and limiters. The forward

breakover voltage is approximately six tenths of a volt (0.6 V) for silicon devices, 0.3 V

for germanium devices, and 1 V for selenium devices.

The above general rule notwithstanding, if the cathode voltage is positive relative to

the anode voltage by a great enough amount, the diode will conduct current. The

voltage required to produce this phenomenon, known as the avalanche voltage,

varies greatly depending on the nature of the semiconductor material from which the

device is fabricated. The avalanche voltage can range from a few volts up to several

hundred volts.

When an analog signal passes through a diode operating at or near its forward breakover

point, the signal waveform is distorted. This nonlinearity allows for

modulation, demodulation, and signal mixing. In addition, signals are generated

at harmonics, or integral multiples of the input frequency. Some diodes also have a

characteristic that is imprecisely termed negative resistance. Diodes of this type, with

the application of a voltage at the correct level and the polarity, generate analog

signals at microwave radio frequencies.

Semiconductor diodes can be designed to produce direct current (DC) when visible

light,infrared transmission (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) energy strikes them. These diodes

are known as photovoltaic cells and are the basis for solar electric energy systems and

photosensors. Yet another form of diode, commonly used in electronic and computer

equipment, emits visible light or IR energy when current passes through it. Such a

device is the familiar light-emitting diode (LED).

CAPACITOR

Capacitor is a passive two terminal electrical component used to store energy electro

statically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all

contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric (i.e. insulator). The

conductors can be thin films, foils or conductive electrolyte etc. The "no conducting"

dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass,

ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuums, paper, oxide layer etc. Capacitors are widely used

as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an

ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the

form of an electrostatic field between its plates. An ideal capacitor is characterized by

a single constant value for its capacitance. Capacitance is expressed as the ratio of

the electric charge Q on each conductor to the potential difference V between them.

The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F). Capacitors are widely used in electronic

circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass. In

analog filter networks, they smooth the output of power supplies. In resonant circuits

they tune radios to particular frequencies. In electric power transmission systems,

they stabilize voltage and power flow.

RESISTOR

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, at the same time,

act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits resistors are used to

limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, terminate transmission

lines among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of

electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution

systems, or as test loads for generators. Resistors may have fixed resistances that

only change a little with temperature. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit

elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat,

light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits .

Practical resistors as discrete components can be composed of various compounds

and forms. Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial

resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. The

nominal value of the resistance will fall within a manufacturing tolerance.

Figure: Resistor

LED

A typical high-flux LED device is capable of producing a few to tens of lumens. The

updated design can be integrated more LED in a single device, or install multiple

devices in a single assembly, thus making a considerable number of lumens output

small incandescent lamps. For example, a monochromatic high-power 12 chips LED

device can output 200lm light energy, the consumed power is between 10 ~ 15W.

Application of LED light source is very flexible. LED can be made of points, lines,

surfaces and other various forms of portable products; the controlling of LED is

extremely convenient, only need to adjust the current, you can freely adjust the light;

different combinations of light color will various. Through circuit timing control, we

can get better and variety of dynamic effects. LED lighting has been widely used in

various devices, such as battery-powered flash, miniature voice-activated lights,

security lights, outdoor and indoor stair lighting roads and buildings and mark the

continuous lighting.

The appearance of the white LED is substantial steps that the function of LED turns

identifying to lighting. White LED is the closest to the sunshine, better reflect the true color

of the object, so from a technical standpoint, LED white LED is undoubtedly the

most sophisticated technology. White LED has entered a number of application areas,

such as emergency lights, flashlights, flash and other products. But because of the

high price, therefore it is difficult to spread. The premise of the universal use white

LED is the prices falling, while prices have been dropped in a certain market size of the

white LED, ultimately depends on the integration of both technological advances. A

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

V1-V0 Input-reference

differential

voltage

40 v

Io Output current Internally

limited

A

TOP

Operating

junction

temperature for

L7805CV

O to 125 °C

PD Power

dissipation

Internally

limited

TSTG

Storage

temperature

-65 to 150 °C

FEATURESOutput voltage range: 5 VOutput current in excess of 0.25A% line and load regulationFloating operation for high voltagesComplete series of protections: current limiting. MAXIMUM RATINGS

APPLICATION

1. Low current consumption

2. Overvoltage/ Short-circuit protection

3. Reverse polarity protection

4. Overtemperature protection

5. Load protection

6. Pin-to-pin compatible to

7. industry standard parts

8. High input voltage rating: Up

to 45V

9. Very low dropout voltage

10. Temp. range: –40°C up

to +125°C

11. Use as a voltage supplyer

12. Use as a mobile charger

SL

N

O.

Name of the

component

Quantity Price(Taka)

01 ICL78O5CV 1 10

02 Transformer 1 110

03 Diode 4 8

04 Capacitor 3 15

05 Resistor 1 2

06 PCB Board 1 30

07 LED 1 1

08 Total 13 176

LIST OF COMPONENT AND

COST

REFFERENCE

1. http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/diode/diode_6.html

2. Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications, 3rd Ed.

3. Lowe, Doug (2013). "Electronics Components: Diodes". Electronics All-In-One Desk

Reference For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved January 4, 2013

4. Lowe, Doug (2013). "Electronics Components: Diodes". Electronics All-In-One Desk

Reference For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved January 4, 2013

5. The first LEDs were infrared (invisible)". Smithsonian National Museum of American

History. October 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2013

6. Quantum-dot LED may be screen of choice for future electronics Massachusetts

Institute of Technology News Office, December 18, 2002

7. Knowlton, A.E. (Ed.) (1949). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers (8th ed.).

McGraw-Hill. p. 597, Fig. 6–42.

8. Lane, Keith (2007). "The Basics of Large Dry-Type Transformers". EC&M.

Retrieved 29 January2013.

9.www.wikipedia.com

10.www.goole .co

End.

Thank you to all…