Are Some Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Mycotoxins
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
Transcript of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
1/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
2/167
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
3/167
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
. .
60 101100 2345 1005 0 2654 5005www.ftipc.or.th
78/5 211500 3868 2281, 0 3869 1952 0 3869 1952
20/9
21150
0 3868 5666 0 3869 3200www.community.or.th
www.npc-se.co.th
2555
310
ISBN 978-616-91147-1-0
http://www.ftipc.or.th/http://www.community.or.th/http://www.community.or.th/http://www.ftipc.or.th/ -
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
4/167
iii
(Green Operation) 2555
2555
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
5/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
6/167
v
iii
iv v viii xii
1. 1
1.1
VOCs
1
1.2 11.3
VOCs 131.4
VOCs 151.4.1 VOCs 1.4.2
15
15
1.5 VOCs (Fugitive and Stationary Sources) 33
1.5.1 LDAR Program1.5.2 (VOCs)1.5.3
34
35
36
1.6 1.6.1 (Fugitives)1.6.2. 1.6.3 (Storage Tank)
1.6.4
1.6.5 (Flare)1.6.6
46
49
58
60
66
67
67
2. VOCs 722.1 VOCs2.2 VOCs (Fugitive SourcesControl)
2.2.1 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Program
74
75
75
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
7/167
vi
()
2.2.2 VOCs
2.3 (Evaporative Loss from Tanks)
80
87
2.3.1 (Fixed Roof Tanks)2.3.2 (External Floating Roof Tanks)2.3.3 (Internal Floating Roof Tanks)
2.3.4 (Domed External (or covered)
Floating Roof Tanks)
2.4 VOCs (Emission from loading/unloading activities)
2.4.1. VOCs 2.4.2 (Vapor Balance)2.4.3
2.5 VOCs (Wastewater treatment)
2.6 (Stationary Source Control)2.6.1 (Incineration)2.6.2 (Adsorption)2.6.3 (Absorption)2.6.4 (Biofiltration)
2.7 Technology VOCs2.7.1 2.7.2
2.7.3 (Oxidation)2.7.4 VOCs 2.7.5 (Scrubbing)2.7.6 2.7.7
87
88
96
96
98
98
99
99
100
100
100
104
107
108
109
109
109
110
110
111
111
113
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
8/167
vii
()
3. VOCs 3.1 Walkthrough Survey Techniqueor Quick Win
114
115
3.2 VOCs (Fugitives)3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 VOCs
3.2.4
118
118
119
121
122
3.3 (Combustion)3.3.1 3.3.2 (Thermal Incinerator)
123
123
123
3.4 (Adsorption) 1253.5 Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU) 1253.6 VOCs (Storage Tank) 127
3.7 VOCs
129
3.8 VOCs 3.8.1 3.8.2 VOCs
131
131
133
3.9 VOCs Plant Turnaround & Tank Inspection 135
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
9/167
viii
1-1
14
1-2 VOCs 341-3 391-4 411-5 (Gate Valves) 421-6 (Globe Valves) 431-7 43
(Lubricated Plug Valve)1-8 (Ball Valve) 431-9 441-10 44
(Weir-Type Diaphragm Valve) (Check Valve)1-11 501-12 55
(Vacuum Method)1-13 56
(Blow-Through)1-14 (Vertical Fixed Roof Tank) 601-15 (Horizontal Fixed Roof Tanks) 611-16 (External Floating Roof Tanks) 621-17 (Internal Floating Roof Tanks) 63
1-18 (Domed External Floating Roof tank) 631-19 TANK-4 652-1 VOCs 732-2 4 772-3 (Single Mechanical Seal) 812-4 2 (Double Mechanical Seal) 812-5 (Seal-less Pump) 822-6 (seal) (compressor ) 83
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
10/167
ix
()
2-7 Rupture-disk 842-8 852-9 seal 852-10 892-11 902-12 2 912-13 (Access hatches) 92
2-14 (Gauge-floats) 922-15 / (Gauge-hatch/sample ports) 932-16 (Rim vents) 932-17 (Deck drains) 942-18 (Deck legs) 942-19 (Unslotted guidepoles and wells) 952-20 95
(Slotted (perforated) guidepoles wells)2-21 (vacuum breaker) 962-22 (Ladder well) 972-23 VOCs Top Load 982-24 VOCs Bottom Load 982-25 (Vapor Balance) 992-26 VOCs 99
2-27 (after burner) 1012-28 1022-29 1032-30 103
(Pt/Al2O3)
2-31 Packed Column 1072-32 (Biofiltration) 1083-1 1143-2 VOCs 118
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
11/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
12/167
xi
()
3-33 VOCs 136
3-34 Drain VOCs Vessel Tank Car 1363-35 De-contamination Spray 137
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
13/167
xii
1-1
VOCs 2
1-2 (Clean Air Act) 51990
1-3 VOCs (Water Program) 111-4 VOCs 121-5 19 21
1-6 361-7 21 US.EPA 371-8 21 US.EPA 381-9 401-10 451-11 Benchmark VOCs 47
1-12 VOCs 481-13 VOCs SOCMI 511-14 VOCs 521-15 VOCs Screening Ranges 53
SOCMI1-16 VOCs Screening Ranges 53
1-17 VOCs Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations 54 SOCMI1-18 VOCs Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations 54
1-19 (correlation equation) 561-20 (correlation equation) VOCs 571-21 VOCs 591-22 S Factor 67
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
14/167
xiii
()
1-23 VOCs 71 .. 2550 -2555
2-1 VOCs 74 VOCs VOCs
2-2 LDAR Program 78 SOCMI
2-3 LDAR Program 78
2-4 79
LDAR Program SOCMI
2-5 VOCs 80 SOCMI
2-6 Fugitive Sources 86
2-7 106BC-AC activated carbon
a6x10 mesh
2-8 1092-9 1092-10 1102-11 1112-12 111
2-13 1122-14 1132-15 1133-1 VOCs 115
3-2 VOCs 117
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
15/167
1
1.
1.1 VOCs
(Volatile Oranic Compounds, VOCs) (Organic Carbon) ( , CaCO3) ( , CaC2) (Carbonmonoxide, CO) (Carbondioxide, CO2) (Vapor Pressure) () 0.1 20 760
1.2 VOCs
VOCs
(program) (media)
1) (Air Program)
VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs) () () (precurser)
VOCs VOCs VOCs (Halogen Group) VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
16/167
2
1-1 VOCs
1 (Methane)2 (Ethane)3 (Methylene chloride dichloroethane, DCE)4 1,1,1- (1,1,1,-trichloroethane methyl chloroform)5 1,1,2--1,2,2- (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane CFC-113)6 (Trichlorofluoromethane CFC-11)7 (Dichlorodifluoromethane CFC-12)
8 (Chlorodifluoromethane HCFC-22)9 (Trifluoromethane HFC-23)
10 1,2--1,1,2,2- (1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane CFC-114)11 (Chloropentafluoroethane CFC-115)12 1,1,1--2,2- (1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane, HCFC-123)13 1,1,1,2-( 1,1,1,2-tertrafluoroethane, HFC-134a)14 1,1- -1-(1,1- dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC-141b)
15 1--1-, 1-chloro-1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b)16 1--1,1,1,2-, (1-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HCFC-124)17 , (Pentafluoroethane, HFC-125)18 1,1,2,2-, (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134)19 1,1,1- (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, HFC-143a)20 1,1- (1,1-difluoroethane, HFC-152a)21 , (Parachlorobenzotrifluoride, PCBTF)
22 (Cyclic, branched, linear methylated
siloxanes)23 (Acetone)24 (Perchloroethylene tetrachloroethylene)
253,3--1,1,1,2,2- (3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, HCFC-225ca)
261,3--1,1,2,2,3- (1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-
225cb)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
17/167
3
1-1 VOCs ()
27 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- (1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, HFC 43-10mee)28 (Difluoromethane, -HFC-32)29 (Ethylfluoride, HFC-161)30 1,1,1,3,3,3-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, -HFC-236fa)31 1,1,2,2,3- (1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, -HFC-245ca)32 1,1,2,3,3- (1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane, HFC-245ea)33 1,1,1,2,3- (1,1,1,2,3- pentafluoropropane, -HFC-245eb)
34 1,1,1,3,3- (1,1,1,3,3,-pentafluoropropane,
-
HFC-245fa)
35 1,1,1,2,3,3- (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, -HFC-236ea)36 1,1,1,3,3- 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, HFC-365mfc)37 (Chlorofluoromethane, -HCF-31)38 1--1- (1-chloro-1-fluoroethane, -HCFC-151a)39 1-2--1,1,2- (1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, -HCFC-123a)
401,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4--4-- (1 ,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane , C4F9OCH3) HFE7100)
412- ()-1,1,1,2,3,3,3,- (2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3,-heptafluoropropane, (CF
3)2CFCF
2OCH
3)
421--1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4- (1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane,(CF
3)2CFCF
2OC
2H
5HFE7200)
432-() -1,1,1 ,2,3,3,3- (2-(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, (CF
3)2CFCF
2OC
2H
5)
44
(methyl acetate), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3--3-
- (heptafluoro-3-
methoxy-propane), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3--3-- (1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxy-propane,n-C
3F
7OCH
3 HFE7000), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3--3--
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, HFC227ea), (methyl formate,HCOOCH3), (1)1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5- -3 - -4 - - ( (1)1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane HFE7300)
45 (Propylene carbonate)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
18/167
4
1-1 VOCs ()
46 (Dimethyl carbonate)
47
(i) (fluorinated alkanes)(ii) (fluorinated ethers)(iii) (fluorinated tertiaryamines)(iv)
:U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 2009.
2) VOCs (Toxic Air Program)
(Hazardous air pollutants) (toxic air pollutants
or air toxics) (hazardous airpollutants, HAPs) 1990 (Clean Air Act, CAA) 189 (United Stated Environmental Protection Agency, US. EPA) 189 VOCs 1-2
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990
CAS No. VOCs 1 75-07-0 VOC (Acetaldehyde)2 60-35-5 VOC (Acetamide)3 75-05-8 VOC
(Acetonitrile
)
4 98-86-2 VOC (Acetophenone)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
19/167
5
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No. VOCs 5 53-96-3 VOC
2-
(2-Acetylaminofluorene
)
6 107-02-8 VOC (Acrolein)7 79-06-1 VOC (Acrylamide)8 79-10-7 VOC (Acrylic acid)9 107-13-1 VOC (Acrylonitrile)
10 107-05-1 VOC (Allyl chloride)11 92-67-1 VOC 4- (4-Aminobiphenyl)12 62-53-3 VOC (Aniline)13 90-04-0 VOC
-
(o-Anisidine
)
14 1332-21-4 (Asbestos)15 71-43-2 VOC (Benzene)16 92-87-5 VOC (Benzidine)17 98-07-7 VOC (Benzotrichloride)18 100-44-7 VOC (Benzyl chloride)19 92-52-4 VOC (Biphenyl)20 117-81-7 VOC (2-) (Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP)21 542-88-1 VOC () (Bis(chloromethyl) ether)22 75-25-2 VOC (Bromoform)23 106-99-0 VOC 1,3- (1,3-Butadiene)24 156-62-7 VOC (Calcium cyanamide)25 105-60-2 VOC (Caprolactam)26 133-06-2 VOC (Captan)27 63-25-2 VOC (Carbaryl)28 75-15-0 VOC (Carbon disulfide)29 56-23-5 VOC (Carbon tetrachloride)30 463-58-1 VOC (Carbonyl sulfide)31 120-80-9 VOC (Catechol)32 133-90-4 VOC (Chloramben)33 57-74-9 VOC (Chlordane)34 7782-50-5 VOC (Chlorine)35 79-11-8 VOC (Chloroacetic acid)36 532-27-4 VOC 2- (2-Chloroacetophenone)37 108-90-7 VOC (Chlorobenzene)38 510-15-6 VOC (Chlorobenzilate)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
20/167
6
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No. VOCs
39 67-66-3 VOC
(Chloroform)
40 107-30-2 VOC (Chloromethyl methyl ether)41 126-99-8 VOC (Chloroprene)42 1319-77-3 VOC / (Cresol/Cresylic acid)43 95-48-7 VOC - (o-Cresol)44 108-39-4 VOC - (m-Cresol)45 106-44-5 VOC - (p-Cresol)46 98-82-8 VOC (Cumene)
47 N/A VOC 2,4-D ( ) (2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid)
48 72-55-9 VOC DDE (1,1--2,2-(p-) ) (DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene)
49 334-88-3 VOC (Diazomethane)50 132-64-9 VOC (Dibenzofuran)51 96-12-8 VOC 1,2--3- (1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane)52 84-74-2 VOC (Dibutyl phthalate)53 106-46-7 VOC
1,4-
(1,4-Dichlorobenzene
)
54 91-94-1 VOC 3,3'- (3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine)55 111-44-4 VOC (2-)(Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether56 542-75-6 VOC 1,3- (1,3-Dichloropropene)57 62-73-7 VOC (Dichlorvos)58 111-42-2 VOC (Diethanolamine)59 64-67-5 VOC (Diethyl sulfate)60 119-90-4 VOC 3,3'- (3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine)61 60-11-7 VOC 4- (4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene)62 121-69-7 VOC N,N- (N,N-Dimethylaniline)63 119-93-7 VOC 3,3'- (3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine)64 79-44-7 VOC (Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride)65 68-12-2 VOC N,N-(N,N-Dimethylformamide)66 57-14-7 VOC 1,1-(1,1-Dimethylhydrazine)67 131-11-3 VOC (Dimethyl phthalate)68 77-78-1 VOC (Dimethyl sulfate)69 N/A VOC 4,6--- (4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
21/167
7
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No.VOCs
70 51-28-5 VOC 2,4- (2,4-Dinitrophenol)71 121-14-2 VOC 2,4- (2,4-Dinitrotoluene)72 123-91-1 VOC 1,4- 1,4-(1,4-Dioxane 1,4-Diethyleneoxide)73 122-66-7 VOC 1,2- (1,2-Diphenylhydrazine)74 106-89-8 VOC 1--2,3- (Epichlorohydrin 1-Chloro-2,3-
epoxypropane)
75 106-88-7 VOC 1,2- (1,2-Epoxybutane)76 140-88-5 VOC (Ethyl acrylate)77 100-41-4 VOC (Ethylbenzene)78 51-79-6 VOC (Ethyl carbamate Urethane)79 75-00-3 VOC (Ethyl chloride Chloroethane)80 106-93-4 VOC (Ethylene dibromide Dibromoethane)81 107-06-2 VOC 1,2- (Ethylene dichloride 1,2-
Dichloroethane)
82 107-21-1 VOC (Ethylene glycol)83 151-56-4 VOC (Ethyleneimine Aziridine)84 75-21-8 VOC (Ethylene oxide)85 96-45-7 VOC (Ethylene thiourea)86 75-34-3 VOC 1,1- (Ethylidene dichloride 1,1-
Dichloroethane)
87 50-00-0 VOC (Formaldehyde)88 76-44-8 VOC (Heptachlor)89 118-74-1 VOC (Hexachlorobenzene)90 87-68-3 VOC (Hexachlorobutadiene)91 N/A VOC 1,2,3,4,5,6-
(1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane)92 77-47-4 VOC (Hexachlorocyclopentadiene)93 67-72-1 VOC (Hexachloroethane)94 822-06-0 VOC (Hexamethylene diisocyanate)95 680-31-9 VOC (Hexamethylphosphoramide)96 110-54-3 VOC (Hexane)97 302-01-2 VOC (Hydrazine)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
22/167
8
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No. VOCs
98 7647-01-0 (Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen Chloride)99 7664-39-3 (Hydrogen fluoride Hydrofluoric
acid)
100 123-31-9 VOC (Hydroquinone)101 78-59-1 VOC (Isophorone)102 108-31-6 VOC (Maleic anhydride)103 67-56-1 VOC (Methanol)112 624-83-9 VOC (Methyl isocyanate)113 80-62-6 VOC (Methyl methacrylate)114 1634-04-4 VOC - (Methyl tert-butyl ether)115 101-14-4 VOC 4,4- 2- (4,4-Methylenebis 2-chloroaniline)116 75-09-2 VOC (Methylene chloride Dichloromethane)117 101-68-8 VOC 4,4- (4,4-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)118 101-77-9 VOC 4,4- (4,4-Methylenedianiline)119 91-20-3 VOC (Naphthalene)120 98-95-3 VOC (Nitrobenzene)121 92-93-3 VOC 4- (4-Nitrobiphenyl)122 100-02-7 VOC 4- (4-Nitrophenol)123 79-46-9 VOC 2- (2-Nitropropane)124 684-93-5 VOC N--N- (N-Nitroso-N-methylurea)125 62-75-9 VOC N- (N-Nitrosodimethylamine)126 59-89-2 VOC N- (N-Nitrosomorpholine)127 56-38-2 VOC (Parathion)128 82-68-8 VOC (Pentachloronitrobenzene
Quintobenzene)
129 87-86-5 VOC (Pentachlorophenol)130 108-95-2 VOC (Phenol)131 106-50-3 VOC - (p-Phenylenediamine)132 75-44-5 VOC (Phosgene)133 7803-51-2 VOC (Phosphine)134 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus)135 85-44-9 VOC (Phthalic anhydride)136 1336-36-3 VOC (Polychlorinated biphenyls Aroclors)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
23/167
9
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No. VOCs
137 1120-71-4 VOC 1,3- (1,3-Propane sultone)138 57-57-8 VOC - (beta-Propiolactone)139 123-38-6 VOC (Propionaldehyde)140 114-26-1 VOC (Propoxur Baygon)141 78-87-5 VOC 1,2- (Propylene dichloride 1,2-
Dichloropropane)
142 75-56-9 VOC (Propylene oxide)143 75-55-8 VOC 1,2- 2- (1,2-Propylenimine 2-Methylaziridine)144 91-22-5 VOC (Quinoline)145 106-51-4 VOC - (Quinone p-Benzoquinone)146 100-42-5 VOC (Styrene)147 96-09-3 VOC (Styrene oxide)148 1746-01-6 VOC 2,3,7,8--- (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)149 79-34-5 VOC 1,1,2,2- (1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane)150 127-18-4 VOC (Tetrachloroethylene
Perchloroethylene)
151 7550-45-0 (Titanium tetrachloride)152 108-88-3 VOC (Toluene)153 95-80-7 VOC -2,4- (Toluene-2,4-diamine)154 584-84-9 VOC 2,4- (2,4-Toluene diisocyanate)155 95-53-4 VOC - (o-Toluidine)156 8001-35-2 VOC (Toxaphene chlorinated camphene)157 120-82-1 VOC 1,2,4- (1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene)158 79-00-5 VOC 1,1,2- (1,1,2-Trichloroethane)159 79-01-6 VOC (Trichloroethylene)160 95-95-4 VOC 2,4,5- (2,4,5-Trichlorophenol)161 88-06-2 VOC 2,4,6- (2,4,6-Trichlorophenol)162 121-44-8 VOC (Triethylamine)163 1582-09-8 VOC (Trifluralin)164 540-84-1 VOC 2,2,4- (2,2,4-Trimethylpentane)165 108-05-4 VOC (Vinyl acetate)166 593-60-2 VOC (Vinyl bromide)167 75-01-4 VOC (Vinyl chloride)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
24/167
10
1-2 (Clean Air Act)1990()
CAS No. VOCs
168 75-35-4 VOC 1,1- (Vinylidene chloride 1,1-Dichloroethylene)
169 1330-20-7 VOC (Xylenes)170 95-47-6 VOC - (o-Xylene)171 108-38-3 VOC - (m-Xylene)172 106-42-3 VOC - (p-Xylene)173 N/A (Antimony Compounds)174 N/A (Arsenic Compounds arsine)175 N/A (Beryllium Compounds)176 N/A (Cadmium Compounds)177 N/A (Chromium Compounds)178 N/A (Cobalt Compounds)179 N/A (Coke Oven Emissions)180 N/A VOC (Cyanide Compounds)
181 N/A VOC (Glycol Ethers)
182 N/A (Lead Compounds)183 N/A (Manganese Compounds)184 N/A (Mercury Compounds)185 N/A (Fine Mineral Fibers)
186 N/A (Nickel Compounds)187 N/A VOC (Polycyclic Organic Matter)
188 N/A (Radionuclides radon)
189 N/A Selenium Compounds
: David R. Patrick, 1994.
VOCs (AirProgram) 70 HAPs 189 VOCs VOCs 150
3) VOCs (Water Program) (VOCs)
VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
25/167
11
VOCs 1-3
1-3 VOCs (Water Program)
(Alachlor) (Atrazine) (Benzene)(Bromodichloromethane)
(Bromoform) (Carbofuran)
(CarbonTetrachloride)
(Chlorobenzene) (Chloroform)
Chloropicrin () 2,4 (2,4-D) (Dibromochloromethane,THM)
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
- (o-Dichlorobenzene)
- (p-Dichlorobenzene)
1,2- (1,2-Dichloroethane)
1,1- (1,1-Dichloroethylene)
-1,2- (cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene)
-1,2- (trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene)
1,2- (1,2-Dichloropropane)
-1,3- (cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene)
(Dinoseb) Endrin () Ethylbenzene()(EthyleneDibromide, EDB)
(Haloacetonitriles, HAN):
(Haloketones, HK):1,1--2-
(bromochloroacetonitrile),
(1,1-dichloro-2-propanone)1,1--2-
(dibromoacetonitrile),
(1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone)
(dichloroacetonitrile),(trichloroacetonitrile)
(Heptachlor) (HeptachlorEpoxide)
(Hexachlorobutadiene)
(Hexachlorocyclopentadiene)
(Lindane) (Methoxychlor)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
26/167
12
1-3 VOCs (Water Program)()
(Pentachlorophenol)
(Simazine) (Styrene)
1,1,2,2- (1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane)
(Tetrachloroethylene)
(Tribromoacetic acid)
(Toluene) 2,4,5-TP (silvex) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,1,1- (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
1,1,2- (1,1,2-Trichloroethane)
(Trichloroethylene)
(Trihalomethanes) () (Xylenes,total): David R. Patrick, 1994.
4) VOCs (Indoor Air Quality, IQA)
1-4
1-4 VOCs
(Acetic Acid) (Ethyl Acetate) (Nitroethane)
(Acetone) (Ethyl Alcohol) (Nitromethane) (Acetylene) (Ethyl Chloride) (Pentylamine)
(Amyl Alcohol) (Ethyl Cyanide) (Pentylene)
(Benzene) (Ethyl Formate) (Propane)
(Butane) (EthylPropionate)
(Propionaldehyde)
(Butyl Alcohol) (Ethylene) (Propyl Alcohol)
(Butyl Formate) (Ethylene Oxide) (i-Propyl Chloride)
(Butylamine) (Formaldehyde) (Propyl Cyanide)
(Butylene) (Formic Acid) (Propyl Formate)
(Carbon
Tetrachloride)
(Heptane) (Propylamine)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
27/167
13
1-4 VOCs ()
(Chloro Benzene) (Iso-Butane) (Propylene)
(ChloroCyclo Hexane)
(Hexyl Alcohol) (Tertiary ButylAlcohol)
(Chloroform) (MethylPropyl Ketone)
(Tetrachloroethylene)
(Cyclohexane) (MethyleneChloride)
(Toluene)
1- (1-Dichloroethane)
(Methane) 1,1,2- (1,1,2-Trichloroethane)
1,2- (1,2-Dichlorethane)
(MethylAlcohol)
(Trichlorethylene)
(Diethyl Ketone) (Methyl Chloride) (Triethylamine)
(Diethylamine) (MethylChloroform)
(Xylene)
(Ethane) (Methyl Cyanide)
(IsopropylAcetate)
(Methyl EthylKetone)
: David R. Patrick, 1994.
1.3 VOCs
(P oint So urce)
(Area Source) (Mobile Source)
(US. EP A) 20 02 (VOCs) 10 1-1 VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
28/167
14
1-1: US. EPA, 2002.
US. EPA VOCs 1. 2. 3. ()4. VOCs 40,000 5. VOCs 40,000 6. ()8. 9. (1)10. 11. 12. 13. Graphic arts systems14. 15. 16. ()17. 18.
19.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
29/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
30/167
16
(Cohort Study)
VOCs
(DoseResponse) (Dose) () 3 () (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels, NOAELs) 2
(Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Levels, LOAELs)
3 (Acute Effects) LC50 ( 1 )
VOCs (Uncertainty Factors, UFs)
- - - NOAELs LOAELs - -
3,000
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
31/167
17
1) VOCs VOCs
TLV-TWA (Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average) (Guideline) (American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienist, ACGIH) 8 1 40
TLV-STEL (Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit) ACGIH 15 4 1
TLV-C (Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling Exposure Limit) ACGIH
PEL(NIOSH) (Permissible Exposure Limit) () (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ,NIOSH) 10 1 40
PEL(OSHA) (Permissible Exposure Limit) () (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA) 8 1 40
IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (the US National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health, NIOSH)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
32/167
18
()
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines) (American Industrial Hygiene Association,AIHA) 3 ERPG-1 1 ERPG-2 1 (Reversible) () American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
ERPG-3 1
2) VOCs. (Noncarcinogenic Effects)
VOCs (Reference Dose, RfD) (Path) (Reference Concentration, RfC) RfC
RfC = (70 )
NOAEL(HEX) = ( )
UF =
MF = UF
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
33/167
19
. (Carcinogenic Effects)
(Toxicity and Chemical-specific Information) (US.EPA) http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration_table/Generic_Tables/index.htm
1) (US. EPA) A (Human Carcinogen)B (Probable Human Carcinogen)B1 (Indicates Limited Human Evidence)B2 (Indicates Sufficient Evidence in Animals and Inadequate or No Evidence in Humans)C (Possible Human Carcinogen)D (Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity)E (Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity forHumans)
2) (OSHA)
A1 (Confirmed Human Carcinogen)A2 (Suspected Human Carcinogen)A3 (Animal Carcinogen)A4 (Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen)A5 (Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
34/167
20
3) ..2535 1
2
3
4
(Dose) () VOCs (Carcinogenic Target Risk, TR) Air Unit Risk
1g/m
3
(70 )
1-5 VOCs 19 Carcinogenic Target Risk (TR) benzene TR = 3.1E-01 g/m3
benzene 0.31 g/m3 70 () 1x10-6 1 Noncancer Hazard Index (HI) (Vinyl Chloride) HI = 1.0E+02 g/m3 100 g/m3 24 70 () HI HI
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
35/167
21
1-5 19
(Toxicity and Chemical-specific Information)Carcinogenic Target
Risk (TR) = 1E-06
Noncancer Hazard Index
(HI) = 1
Analyte
CAS No.
IUR
RfCi
VOC mutagenInhalation Inhalation
( g/m3)-1 (mg/m
3) g/m
3 g/m
3
Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 2.2E-06 I 9.0E-03 I V 1.1E+00 9.4E+00
Acetonitrile 75-05-8 6.0E-02 I V 6.3E+01
Benzene 71-43-2 7.8E-06 I 3.0E-02 I V 3.1E-01 3.1E+01
Benzyl Chloride 100-44-7 4.9E-05 C 1.0E-03 P V 5.0E-02 1.0E+00
Bromomethane 74-83-9 5.0E-03 I V 5.2E+00
Butadiene, 1,3- 106-99-0 3.0E-05 I 2.0E-03 I V 8.1E-02 2.1E+00
Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 1.5E-05 I 1.9E-01 A V 1.6E-01 2.0E+02
Chloroform 67-66-3 2.3E-05 I 9.8E-02 A V 1.1E-01 1.0E+02
Dibromomethane (Methylene Bromide) 74-95-3 4.0E-03 X V 4.2E+00
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 1.1E-05 C 8.0E-01 I V 2.2E-01 8.3E+02
Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 2.6E-05 I 2.4E+00 A V 9.4E-02 2.5E+03
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) 75-09-2 4.7E-07 I 1.0E+00 A V 5.2E+00 1.1E+03
Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 1.0E-05 C 4.0E-03 I V 2.4E-01 4.2E+00
Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1 7.7E-06 C 3.6E+00 A 3.2E-01 3.8E+03
2-Propenal/Acrolein 107-02-8 2.0E-05 I V 2.1E-02
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 7.4E-06 I V 3.3E-01
Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 5.9E-06 C 2.7E-01 A V 4.1E-01 2.8E+02
Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 2.0E-06 C V 1.2E+00
Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 4.4E-06 I 1.0E-01 I V M 1.6E-01 1.0E+02
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
36/167
22
VOCs 1. (Benzene)
CAS No. 71-43-2
:: -20oC
- :C6H
6
- : -11.1 C
-
:60 mm Hg
15.0 C
76 mm Hg
20.0C
- :0.879 20.0 C- :90.1 C 760 mm Hg- :78.11
- :1-5 mg/mL 17.8 C US.EPA: A
(Dizziness) (excitation) (pallor) (flushing) (weakness) (headache) (breathlessness) (chestconstriction) (nausea)(vomiting) (coma) (death)IDLH:500 ppm
TLV:10 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
50 ppm 150 ppm 1000 ppm
ERPG-1RfC: 3 x 10
-2mg/m
3
Air Unit Risk: 2.2 x 10-67.8 x 10-6 1 g/m3 1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 13.0-45.0 g/m3 3-4.5 g/m3 0.13-0.45 g/m3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
37/167
23
( () 30 2520)
10 ppm ( 32 mg/m3
)
1 ( 30(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)
1.7 g/m3 24 ( 24 18 2551)
7.6 g/m3
2. 1,3- (1,3-Butadiene)CAS No. 106-99-0
:: (frostbite) (inhibiter)
- :C4H6- : -76.1 C
-:1840mm Hg 21.1 C 760mm Hg
-4.5C
- :0.62120.0 C- :-4.4 C 760 mm Hg- :54.09- :
US.EPA: B2
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
38/167
24
(anesthetic) frostbite'' IDLH:2000ppm
TLVs: 1000 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
10 ppm 200 ppm 5000 ppm ERPG-1RfC: 0.9 ppb(2x 10-3mg/m3)
Air Unit Risk: 3 10-5
1 g/m3
(0.08 per ppm) 1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 3g/m3. 0.3g/m3 0.03g/m3
( () 30 2520)
1 (30(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)
0.33 g/m3 24 ( 24 18 2551)
5.3 g/m3
3. (Chloroform Trichloromethane)CAS No. 67-66-3
::
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
39/167
25
- :CHCl3- :
-:100 mm Hg 10.4 C
- :1.483220.0 C- :61.7 C 760 mm Hg- :119.39- : 1 mg/mL 18.9 C
US.EPA: B2
0.5-5 g/kg 68 44 IDLH:500 ppm
TLVs: 10 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
50 ppm 5000 ppmRfC:
Air Unit Risk: 2.3x 10-5 1 g/m3 1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000)
4g/m3
0.4g/m
3
0.04g/m
3
( () 30 2520)
50 ppm ( 240g/m3) 1 ( 30(.. 2550) 1 14
.. 2550)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
40/167
26
0.43 g/m3 24 ( 24 18 2551)
57 g/m3
4. 1, 2- (1,2-Dichloroethane Ethylene Dichloride (EDC))CAS No. 107-06-2
: : 1, 2-
- :C2H4Cl2- : 13.3 C
- :60 mm Hg 20.0 C 100 mm Hg 29.4 C- :1.253 20.0 C- :83.5 C 760 mm Hg- :98.96
- :5-10 mg/mL 18.9 C US.EPA: B2
IDLH:50 ppm
TLVs: 50 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
50 ppm 200ppm 300ppm ERPG-1RfC:
Air Unit Risk: 2.6 x 10-5 1 g/m3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
41/167
27
1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 4.0 g/m3 0.4g/m3 0.04g/m3
( () 30 2520)
50 ppm ( 200 mg/m3) 1 (30(.. 2550))
0.4 g/m3 24 (
24 18 2551)48.0 g/m3
5. (Dichloromethane Methylene chloride)CAS No. 75-09-2
::
- :CH2Cl2- : - :440mm Hg 25.0 C- :1.32220.0 C- :39.8 C 760 mm Hg- :84.93
-:10-50mg/mL 21.1 C
US.EPA: C
IDLH:2300ppmTLVs:500 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
300 ppm 750 ppm 4000 ppm
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
42/167
28
RfC: 0.6mg/m3Air Unit Risk: 1x 10-8 1 g/m3
(mutagenic mode) (
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
43/167
29
TLVs: 75 ppm
ERPGs RfC: 2x 10-2mg/m3
Air Unit Risk: 4.0x 10-6
1, 2- 1 g/m3 1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 20g/m3 2g/m3 0.2g/m3 1 ( 30
(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)4g/m3
24 ( 24 18 2551)
82 g/m3
7. (Tetrachloroethylene)CAS No. 127-18-4::
- :C2Cl4
-:
- :14mm Hg 20.0 C 15.8mm Hg 22.2 C- :1.6320.0 C- :121.1 C 760 mm Hg- :165.83- : 1 mg/mL 17.2 C
US.EPA: B
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
44/167
30
IDLH:150ppm
TLVs:100 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
100ppm 200ppm 1000ppm ERPG-1RfC: 4x 10-2mg/m3
Air Unit Risk: 1.8x 10-3
1 g/m
3
1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 400g/m3. 40g/m3 4g/m3( () 30 2520)
100 ppm ( 680 mg/m3) 1 ( 30(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)
200 g/m3 24 ( 24 18 2551)
400 g/m3
8. (Trichloroethylene)CAS No. 79-01-6
: :
-:C2HCl3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
45/167
31
- : 93.3C- :60 mm Hg 20C 77mm Hg 25 C- :1.4620C
-:87.2C 760 mm Hg
- :131.4- : 1 mg/mL 21.1C
US.EPA: A
IDLH:1000ppmTLVs:100 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
100ppm 500ppm 5000 ppm ERPG-1.RfC: 0.002mg/m3(0.0004 ppm)
Air Unit Risk: (mutagenic mode) 1x10-4 (1 10,000) 1x10-5(1 100,000) 1x10-6(1 1,000,000) 20 g/m3. 2 g/m3 0.2 g/m3
( () 30 2520)
100 ppm ( 540 mg/m3) 1 ( 30(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)
23 g/m3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
46/167
32
24 ( 24 18 2551)
130 g/m3
9. (Vinyl Chloride)CAS No. 75-01-4::
- :C2H3Cl- : -78.9 C
- :3877.5 mm Hg
- :0.969 -13 C
-:-13.9 C 760 mm Hg
- :62.5
- :
US.EPA: A
IDLH:TLVs: 5 ppm
ERPGs
ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
500ppm 5000ppm 20000ppm
RfC: 0.1mg/m3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
47/167
33
Air Unit Risk: 4.4x 10-6 1 g/m3
1x10-4
(1 10,000) 1x10-
5
(1 100,000) 1x10-
6
(1 1,000,000) 23g/m3 2.3g/m3 0.23g/m3 ( () 30 2520)
1 ppm ( 2.8 mg/m3) 1 ( 30
(.. 2550) 1 14 .. 2550)10g/m3
5.3 24 ( 24 18 2551)
20g/m3
1.5 VOCs (Fugitive and Stationery Sources) VOCs 6
1) (Fugitives Sources)2) (Tank Farm)3)
(Transportation & Marketing)4) (Combustion)5) (Flares)6) (Wastewater Treatment Plant)
VOCs VOCs 75 VOCs VOCs VOCs () 3 1000 ( 0.3 %) VOCs 3 85% 1-2
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
48/167
34
1-2 VOCs :Taback et al., 1997.
VOCs VOCs () (pumps) (compressors) (valves)(open-ended lines) (safety relief valves)
(inspection) (maintenance) (Connecticut) 15 4 2
1.5.1 LDAR Program (VOCs)
Leak Detection and Repair Program
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
49/167
35
LDAR Program VOCs (portable) Non-dispersive Infrared (NDIR) PID
EPA Method 21
1.5.2 (VOCs) US.EPA
(VOCs)
(VOCs) Leak Detection and Repair Program (LDARProgram) (volatile organic compounds:VOCs) .. 2555
16 2 (.. 2535) .. 2535 29 33 41 42
(Volatile Organic Compounds: VOCs)
(.. 2535) .. 2535 36 (Organic Carbon) 0.1 20 760 (Pumps) (Compressors) (Agitators Mixers) (Valves) (Open-Ended Valves Lines) (Connectors Flanges) (Pressure Relief Devices)(Sampling Connections)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
50/167
36
5 (37.5 )
1-6
1 2 1 2
1-6
(ppmv)
-
---
-
- (/)-
1 500 10,000 10,000 10,000
2 500 500 5,000 10,000
1
15 (Pressure Relief Devices) 24
1.5.3 VOCs
21 US.EPA (EPA Reference Method 21-Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks (40 CFR 60, Appendix A))
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
51/167
37
1) - VOCs (
Response Factor (RF))
(CatalyticOxidation) (Flame Ionization) (Infrared absorption) (Photoionization)
- VOCs (leak)
- VOCs 5%
- VOCs
0.53 /- - (Response factor)
10
- Response factor =
-
(Response time) 30 - (Calibration precision) 10 %
21 US.EPA 1-7
1-721 US.EPA
(InstrumentResponse Factorb)
< 10
1
(Instrument Response Time
C)
30 1
(Calibration precisiond)
10 %
1 3
()
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
52/167
38
1-8 21 US.EPA
Bacharach Instrument
Co., Santa Clara,
California
L (Combustiblegases)
Catalytic
combustion
0-100 % LEL(LowerExplosive Limit)
TLV Sniffer Catalyticcombustion
0-1,000 0-10,000 ppm
Foxboro
S.Norwalk, Connecticut
OVA-128 FID/GCb 0-1,000 ppmOVA-108 FID/GC 0-10,000ppmMiran IBX NDIRc TVA-1000
Photoionization and
FID/GC
0.5-2,000ppm(photoionization)
1-50,000ppm(FID/GC)
Health Consultants Detecto-
PAK
III
FID/GC 0-10,000ppm
HNU Systems, Inc
Newton Upper Falls,Massachusetts
HW-101
UV
Photoionization 0-20.0-200
0-2,000ppm
Mine Safety Appliances
Co., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
40 CatalyticCombustion
0-10%0-100%LEL
Survey and Analysis,
INC., Northboro,
Massachusetts
On Mark
Model 5
ThermalConductivity
0-5% 0-100% LEL
Rae Systems
Sunnyvale, California
MiniRAE
PGM-75K
UV
Photoionization 0-1,999ppm
aLEL =Lower Explosive Limit
bFID/GC = Flame Ionization Detection /Gas Chromatography
c
NDIR = Nondispersive Infrared Analysis
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
53/167
39
1-3
2)
1-9
3) VOCs 3
1. -- - (15 ) -
Hw-101 Portable Organic Compound Detection
Instrument(Hnu System, Inc.)
OVA-108Portable Organic Compound
Detection Instrument (Foxboro)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
54/167
40
1-9
2. (Closed-vent System) (CombustionDevices) 2 (Dual Mechanical Seals with Pressure Indicators) (Vapour Recovery System)- - -
(Leak Detection and Repair survey log)
.
.....
..
(TagNumber)
(DateLeak
Located)
(DateMaintenance
Performed)
(Component recheckAfter maintenance)
Gas
Liquid (Date)
(Analyzer reading)
(ppmv)
Light Heavy
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
55/167
41
3) (No Detectable Emission) - (No Detectable Emission)- (No Detectable Emission)
- (VOCs Background) VOCs
4) (Calibrate)
VOCs ( 5 10 )
( ) 2 Response time 1-4
1-4
1. (Valve) (Seal)
(Packing Gland take upFlange Seat)
2. (Flange Connections)
(Welded Flange) (Flange-Gasket)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
56/167
42
(Threaded Connector)
3. (Pumps Compressors)
(Seal Interface) 1
4. (Pressure Relief Devices) (Sealing Seat) VOCs
5. (Process Drains)
(Cover Drain)
6. (Open-ended Lines or Valves)
7. (Seal System Degassing Vents andAccumulator Vents)
8. (Access Door Seals)
1-5 1-10
1-5(Gate Valves)
Screen HerePacking Nut
Packing Gland
Disk or Packing
Packing
Rising Stem Type
Stem
Packing Gland
Packing
Screen Here
Packing Out
Disk or Packing
Nonrising Stem Type
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
57/167
43
1-6(Globe Valves)
1-7
(Lubricated Plug Valve)
1-8
(Ball Valve)
Screen Here
Packing NutStem
Packing Gland Screen Here
Packing
BodySeat
Manual Globe Valve
Screen HereStem
Packing
DiskBody
Globe Type Control Valve
Screen Here
Plug
Lubricated Plug Valve
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
58/167
44
1-9
1-10(Weir-Type Diaphragm Valve)
(Check Valve)
Screen Here
Disk
Butterfly Valve
Stem
Screen HereDiaphragm
Weir-Type Diaphragm Valve
Weir
Screen Here
Screen Here
Swing Check
Lift Check
Check Valves
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
59/167
45
1. 2.
3. 4. (ID number)5. ( )6. / ( )7. (Gas) (Light Liquid)(Heavy Liquid)8.
9. (Screening Value ppmv)10. VOCs (Background concentration) ppmv11.
1-10 . ...
/
(Screening
Value (ppmv))
VOCs
Background (ppmv)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
60/167
46
1.6
0 VOCs
VOCs VOCs
1) VOCs VOCs
2)
3)
4).
VOCs
5) VOCs
6)VOCs
VOCs VOCs VOCs VOCs
7)(Bench Mark Best Practice) VOCs VOCs (C-1) HDPE Liquid Phase SlurryProcess Benchmark 0.77 .VOCs/ HDPE VOCs 0.02 .VOCs/ (VOCs) 0.08 .VOCs/ VOCs Benchmark VOCs VOCs
Benchmark VOCs Benchmark VOCs Benchmark VOCs VOCs
VOCs Benchmark
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
61/167
47
VOCs VOCs VOCs VOCs Benchmark
1-11 Benchmark VOCs
VOCs VOCs
(Polypropylene, liquid phase process)
2.051) ./
(Polypropylene,gas phase process)
0.411) ./
LDPE 0.411) ./
LDPE (low pressure process) 0.091) ./
HDPE (liquid phase slurry process)
0.771) ./
HDPE (liquid phase solution process)
2.081) ./
HDPE (gas phase process) 0.091) ./
(continuous process) 0.051) ./
PETL (Poly(ethylene terephalate), dimethyl terephthalate process)
1.921) ./
PETL
(Poly(ethlyene terephthalate), terephthalic acid process )
5.721) ./
0.022) ./
0.083) ./
1.24) ./
1) CFR 40: P 60, Subpart DDD (CFR, 1990)
2)
(USEPA. 1990)
3) CFR 40: P 60, Subpart NNN (CFR, 1990)
4)
CFR 40: P 60, Subpart XX (CFR, 1990)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
62/167
48
(Source Inventory)
1) (Mass Balance Approach)
2) VOCs (Emission Factors Approach) 2
. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: AP42 VOCs Total VOCs 1-11
1-12 VOCs
VOC Emissions
kg/m2
kg/yr kg/hr
0.064 2,875 1.44 65% (High Solids Coating)
0.019 835 0.42
0.012 520 0.26
0.064 49,815 24.90
65% (High Solids Coating)
0.019 14,445 7.22
0.012 8,970 4.48
0.064 255,450 127.74 65% (High Solids Coating)
0.019 74,080 37.04
0.012 46,000 23.00
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
63/167
49
download http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html. SPECIATE Version 3.2 software
VOCs
VOCs (HAPs) VOCs download http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/speciate/index.html(US.EPA, 2012)
. (Source Sampling Approach)
(Source Sampling Approach) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.EPA)VOCs Method 18 VOCs Method 25 download www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic(US.EPA, 2012)
VOCs VOCs 6 1) (Fugitives)
2) (Combustion)3) (Tanks)4) (Transportation & Marketing)5) (Flare)6) (Wastewater Treatment Plant)
VOCs
1.6.1 (Fugitives)
Protocol for Equipment LeakEmissionEstimates US.EPA(US.EPA, 1996)
VOCs 4
1) Average Emission Factor Approach(, ,), "Service (Gas) (Light Liquid) (Heavy Liquid)
VOCs
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtichttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtichttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtichttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html -
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
64/167
50
/(Gas/vapor)
(Light liquid) VOCs
1 VOCs (VaporPressure) 0.3 20 VOCs 20
(Heavy liquid) VOCs 1
1)
2) ( ) (Open End) manhole 1
1-11
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
65/167
51
3) . (Vacuum)
(Internal Pressure) 5
.
(Pressure Release Valve) (Closed System) (Closedvent system) (Flare) (Absorber) (Closedloop system)
. . 2 double mechanical sealed dual mechanical seal
VOCs 2 Synthetic
Organic Compounds Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI)
(Oil&GasIndustry)
VOCs 2
1-13 1-14
1-13 VOCs SOCMI
(Equipment type) (Service)Emission factor
a
(././) (Valves) / (Gas/Vapor)
(Light Liquid) (Heavy Liquid)
0.00597
0.00403
0.00023
(Pump Sealsb) (Light Liquid) (Heavy Liquid)
0.0199
0.00862
(Compressor Seals) / (Gas/Vapor) 0.228 (Pressure relief valves) / (Gas/Vapor) 0.104 (Connectors) 0.0183
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
66/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
67/167
53
1-15 VOCs Screening Ranges SOCMI
(Equipment type) (Service)Emission factor
10,000 ppmv
(././)a
< 10,000 ppmv
(././)a
(Valves) / (Gas/Vapor) (Light Liquid)
(Heavy Liquid)
0.0782
0.0892
0.00023
0.000131
0.000165
0.00023
(Pump Sealsb) (Light Liquid) (Heavy Liquid)
0.243
0.216
0.00187
0.00210
(Compressor Seals)
/ (Gas/Vapor) 1.608 0.0894
(Pressure relief valves)
/ (Gas/Vapor) 1.691 0.0447
(Connectors) 0.113 0.0000810 (Open-ended lines) 0.01195 0.00150a
VOCs b
(Light Liquid) (Agitator Seals)
1-16 VOCs Screening Ranges
(Equipment type) (Service)
Emission factor
10,000 ppmv
(././)a< 10,000 ppmv
(././)a
(Valves) / (Gas/Vapor) (LightLiquid)
(Heavy Liquid)
0.2626
0.0852
0.00023
0.0006
0.0017
0.00023
(Pump Sealsb) (Light Liquid) (Heavy Liquid)
0.437
0.3885
0.0120
0.0135
(CompressorSeals)
/ (Gas/Vapor) 1.608 0.0894
(Pressurerelief valves)
/ (Gas/Vapor) 1.691 0.0447
(Connectors) 0.0375 0.00006(Open-ended lines)
0.01195 0.00150
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
68/167
54
3). ( Source Screening )(Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations)
VOCs ppmV ( C-1)
ppmV VOCs VOCs 21(EPA Reference Method 21-Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks (40 CFR 60, AppendixA)) 1-17 1-18
1-17 VOCs Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations SOCMI
(Equipment type) Correlation a / (Gas valves) Leak rate (./.) = 1.87E-06 x (SV) 0.873 (Light liquid valves) Leak rate (./.) = 6.41E-06 x (SV) 0.797 (Light liquid pumps)b Leak rate (./.) = 1.90E-05 x (SV) 0.824 (Connectors) Leak rate (./.) = 3.05E-06 x (SV) 0.885aSV = (Screening Value)ppmV
b
1-18 VOCs Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations
(Equipment type/service) Correlation b (Valves/all) Leak rate (./.) = 2.29E-06 x (SV)0.746 (Pump seals/all) Leak rate (./.) = 5.03E-05 x (SV)0.610
c
Leak rate (./.) = 1.36E-05 x (SV)0.589
(Connectors/all) Leak rate (./.) = 1.53E-06 x (SV)0.735 (Flanges/all) Leak rate (./.) = 4.61E-06 x (SV)0.703 (Open-ended lines/all) Leak rate (./.) = 2.20E-06 x (SV)0.704abSV = ppmv
d (Loading Arms), (Pressure relief Valves), Stuffing Boxes,
(Vents)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
69/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
70/167
56
1-13 (Blow-Through)
1-19 (correlation equation)
b VOCCA-1 0 0.066
A-2 0 0.066
A-3 0 0.066
A-4 0 0.066
A-5 0 0.066
A-6 20 2.0
A-7 50 4.2
A-8 50 4.2
A-9 100 7.4
A-10 100 7.4
A-11 200 13
A-12 400 23
A-13 1,000 49
A-14 2,000 87
A-15 5,000 190
VOCs A (Stream A) 390B-1 0 0.033
Rota meter
Activated
Charcoal
Desiccant
PressureRegulator
Tape or AdjustableMetal Band
Tape or
Compressed Foil
Gas Source
Sample Port for Collecting
Data on
-Temperature
-Hydrocarbon Concentration-Oxygen Concentration
Valve Stem
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
71/167
57
b VOCCB-2 0 0.033
B-3 0 0.033
B-4 10 0.55
B-5 30 1.4
B-6 250 79
B-7 500 14
B-8 2,000 44
B-9 5,000 93
B-10 8,000 140
B-11 25,000 350
B-12 (100%VOC)d 87
VOCs
A (Stream B) 740
VOCs 1,130a: EPA, November,1995, Table A-4b: (Light liquid pumps)
Correlation Equation; Leak Rate (./.) = 1.90 x 10-5x ()0.834
0 ; 7.49 x 10-6/.: Stream A = 8,760 ; Stream B = 4,380 Correlation Equation 1-20
1-20(correlation equation) VOCs
(Equipment Type)
0
(././)
VOCs(././)
Correlation Equation
(././)10,000 ppmv 100,000 ppmv
/ (GasValves)
6.6E-07 0.024 0.11 Leak Rate = 1.87E-06 x (SV)
(Light Liquid Valves)4.9E-07 0.036 0.15 Leak Rate = 6.41E-06 x (SV)
(LightLiquid Pump)
b
7.5E-06 0.14 0.62 Leak Rate = 1.90E-05 x (SV)
(Connectors) 6.1E-07 0.044 0.22 Leak Rate = 3.05E-06 x (SV)a ; EPA, November 1995, 2-9,2-11 2-13b
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
72/167
58
1.6.2.
VOCsUS.EPA VOCs
VOCs Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: AP42(US.EPA, 2009) AIR CHIEF CD-ROM VOCs VOCs 1-21
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
73/167
59
RICE= (Reciprocating Engines)IC Engines= : A = , B = , C = , D = , E= : US.EPA, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary Point andArea Sources, 2005
AP-42 (US.EPA, 2009)
TOC VOC Rating
> 100x106Btu/hr
Fuel Oil No.6 1.04 lbs/1000 gal 0.76 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98
Fuel Oil No.5 1.04 lbs/1000 gal 0.76 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Fuel Oil No.4 1.04 lbs/1000 gal 0.76 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98
11 lbs/106scf 5.5 lbs/106scf B,C 1.4-2 7/98Refinery Gas .
10-100x106Btu/hr
Fuel Oil No.6 1.28lbs/1000 gal 0.28 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Fuel Oil No.5 1.28lbs/1000 gal 0.28 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Fuel Oil No.4 0.252lbs/1000 gal 0.2 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Distillate 0.252 lbs/1000 gal 0.2 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98
11 lbs/106scf 5.5 lbs/106scf B, C 1.4-2 7/98 0.6lbs/1000 gal 0.4 lbs/1000 gal E 1.5-1 10/96 0.5lbs/1000 gal 0.3 lbs/1000 gal E 1.5-1 10/96Refinery Gas
0.3-10x106Btu/hr
Fuel Oil No.6 1.605lbs/1000 gal 1.13 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Fuel Oil No.5 0.556lbs/1000 gal 1.13 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Fuel Oil No.4 0.556lbs/1000 gal 0.34 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98Distillate 0.252 lbs/1000 gal 0.34 lbs/1000 gal A 1.3-3 9/98
11 lbs/106
scf 5.5 lbs/10
6
scf B, C 1.4-2 7/98
0.6lbs/1000 gal 0.4 lbs/1000 gal E 1.5-1 10/96 0.5lbs/1000 gal 0.3 lbs/1000 gal E 1.5-1 10/96Refinery Gas
(Gas Turbines) 0.011 lbs/106Btu 0.0021 lbs/106Btu B,D 3.1-2a 4/00Distillate 0.004 lbs/10
6Btu 0.00041 lbs/10
6Btu C,E 3.1-2a 4/00
RICE, 2 stroke, lean burn 1.64 lbs/106Btu 0.12 lbs/106Btu A, C 3.2-1 7/00RICE, 4 stroke, lean burn 1.47 lbs/106Btu 0.118 lbs/106Btu A, C 3.2-2 7/00RICE, 2 stroke, rich burn 0.358 lbs/106Btu 0.0296 lbs/106Btu C 3.2-3 7/00IC Engines < 250 Hp 3.03lbs/10
6Btu--
D 3.3-1 10/96
IC Engines < 250 Hp 0.36lbs/106Btu -- D 3.3-1 10/96IC Engines < 250 Hp 0.09lbs/106Btu 0.082lbs/106Btu C, E 3.4-1 10/96
1-21 VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
74/167
60
1.6.3(Storage Tank) 6 1) (Fixed Roof Tank) 2
(Vertical Fixed Roof Tank) (Horizontal Fixed Roof Tank) (Cone) (Dome) VOCs VOCs StandingLoss 2 1)
() 2) (Breather Valves) () () Breather Valves Standing Loss
(LoadingIn) () Load Working Loss 1-14 1-15 (Fixed Roof Tank)
1-14 (Vertical Fixed Roof Tank)
Outlet Nozzle
Inlet Nozzle
Liquid LevelIndicator
Spiral Stairway
Roof ManholePressure/Vacuum Vent
Fixed Roof
Float Gauge
Shell Manhole
Cylindrical Shell
Gauger s platform
Gauger-Hatch/Sample Well
Roof Column
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
75/167
61
1-15 (Horizontal Fixed Roof Tanks)
40,000 6 (Standing Loss)
2) (External Floating Roof Tanks) 2 Pontoon double-deck (Standing Loss)
Rim Loss (Rim Loss Standing Loss ) RimSeal
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
76/167
62
1-16 (External Floating Roof Tanks)
3) (Internal Floating Roof Tanks) (Cone)
Standing Loss Rim Loss RimLoss
2 (Fixed Roof Support Column)
2 (Self Support) Rim Seal Standing Loss Working Loss 1-17
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
77/167
63
1-17 (Internal Floating Roof Tanks)
3) (Domed External Floating Roof Tanks) 1-18
1-18 (Domed External Floating Roof tank)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
78/167
64
5) (Variable Vapor Space Tanks)
2 (Lifter Roof Lank)
Telescoping Roof Telescoping Roof
2 (Flexible Diaphragm Tank) ( ) Gasholder Unit (Integral Unit)
6) (Pressure Tanks)
() 2
VOCs ( ) TANK-4
TANK-4 U.S. EPA (Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, OAQPS) TANK-4VOCs (Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs) 7 EPA's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) (US.EPA,2006)
download
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
79/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
80/167
66
1.6.4 VOCs
5.2 Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Liquids EPA's Compilation of Air PollutantEmission Factors (AP-42) (US.EPA, 2006)
: LL= , /1000(lb/103gal)
S = (Saturation FactorS Factor) P = , () (psia)M = ,-(lb/lb-mole)
T = , R (F+460)eff = , % VOCs
() 5.2 AP-42 (US.EPA, 2006) 21 S Factor TopLoad S Factor
S-factor 1-22 20
( = 0 eff)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
81/167
67
1-22 S Factor
S Factor
Bottom Load
0.5
Bottom Load 0.6 Bottom Load (Vapor Balance)
1.0
Top Load
1.45
Top Load 1.45 Top Load
(Vapor Balance)
1.0
Top Load (Ships) 0.2 Top Load (Barges) 0.5
: Barge Ship
: US.EPA, 2006.
1.6.5 (Flare)VOCs ( VOCs
) VOCs VOCs 13.5 Industrial Flares EPA's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors(AP-42) (US.EPA, 2006) 13.5-1 13.5-2 VOCs 0.14 (0.14 lb/106 Btu) VOCs VOCs 45% VOCs VOCs
VOCs VOCs VOCs
1.6.6
VOCs VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
82/167
68
VOCs Emission Rate VOCs VOCs (
= 0) VOCs = 0
,C = VOCs , ppmt = ,s
kv= (Volatilization Constant, s-1
, L = ()
k0
1= D
l
C= VOCs (C) (O)
m = 0.51
R = (deal gas constant)T = H = Henry( VOCs )k
g
w=
Dg
C= VOCs (C) (O)
n =
kv 2 n m k
v
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
83/167
69
2 kv H, D
g
C, Dl
C H
H VOCs VOCs
kv C VOCs
C VOCs VOCs
WATER9 US.EPA Air Emission Models for Wasteand Wastewater(US.EPA, 1994) WATER9 ( VOCs ) 200
WATER9 (drains)(sumps) (weirs) (open drains)(j traps) (manholecovers) (trenches) (buried conduits (sewers) (junction boxes) (pump stations) (clarifiers) (tricklingfilters) (aeratedimpoundments) (cooling towers) (activated sludge units)(storage tanks)
WATER9 Version 2 download http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/water/index.html VOCs
.. 2550 2 . (PTT Chemicals) I-1 I
-4 (
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
84/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
85/167
71
1-23 VOCs .. 2550-2555
VOCs
1. 0.52-5.5 2.27 ./ 182. 0.02-0.5 0.314 / 43. 0.078-1.165 0.571 /
12
4.
0.026-0.067 0.04 /
3
5.
0.011-0.0242 0.018 /
2
6. 1.404-1.928 1.666 /
2
VOCs VOCs
VOCs VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
86/167
72
2. VOCs
VOCs VOCs
VOCs
VOCs
VOCs VOCs VOCs ( )
4 () ( ) 1 VOCs ( ) VOCs
VOCs VOCs 2-1 VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
87/167
73
2-1 VOCs
XYZ
XYZ XXX . . . .
21000
1. ..............................................................
2...............................................................
3.
..............................................................
4...............................................................
6.
..............................................................
7.
..............................................................
8.
..............................................................
9.
..............................................................
5 2555
3 2555
(..........................................)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
88/167
74
2.1 VOCs VOCs
VOCs VOCs
40 60 DDD (CFR 40 P 60 Subpart DDD) VOCs (Standards of Performance for VolatileOrganic Compound (VOC) Emissions from the Polymer Manufacturing Industry) VOCs
2-1
2-1 VOCs VOCs VOCs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, ./
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.15. 0.14 0.19
1.57 2.05
: CFR 40 P 60 Subpart DDD,1990.
.
(Raw Materials Preparation Section)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
89/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
90/167
76
5,000 ppm US.EPA Method 21 VOCs (Emission)2 (Leak Detection)(Repair)
1) (Leak Detection)
1 ( IndividualComponentSurvey) US.EPA Method 21 1.51
2(Area Survey) US.EPA Method 21 1 1 ppm
1
3 (Fixed-point Monitors) US.EPA Method 21 1ppm
4 Smart LDAR
VOCs 1
1 4 2 3 VOCs
2) (Repair Technique) 4 1 3 2-2
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
91/167
77
2-2 4
: US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from EquipmentLeaks, 1996.
(Fugitive Sources) LDAR Program 4 (Quarterly) 2-2 2-3 Synthetic Organic Compounds Manufacturing Industry(SOCMI) 10,000 ppm 80% 3 60 % 78%
3 59 %
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
92/167
78
2-2 LDAR Program SOCMI
(%)
10,000 ppmv
3 10,000 ppmv
87 67 84 61 69 45 a a
a 33 a 44
a
: US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from EquipmentLeaks, 1996.
2-3 LDAR Program
(%)
10,000 ppmv
3 10,000 ppmv
88 70 76 61 68 45 a 33
a a
a 44a
: US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from EquipmentLeaks, 1996.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
93/167
79
2-4 2-5 LDARProgram SOCMI VOCs
1 VOCs 24 % 73 %
2-5 LDAR Program LDAR Program VOCs VOCs 100%
2-4 LDAR Program SOCMI
0.73 0.59 0.61
/3 a
0.65 0.46 -
3 0.64 0.44 0.33 2 0.50 0.22 (0.076) 0.24 (0.19) (0.80)a 3 ; 1 ( US EPA, 1986,p4-7)
: US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from EquipmentLeaks, 1996.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
94/167
80
2-5 VOCs SOCMI
(New Source Performance Standards)
Source
, %
, %
3 33 61
3 64 73
3 44 59
3 44 Rupture disk. Soft seats(O-rings)
100
, , . 100 , , 100 3 33 / 100 - - 100
:
US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment
Leaks, 1996, P4.2-10
2.2.2 VOCs
1) (Control Device)
- (Pumps). 1 (Single Mechanical Seal) seal1
(rotating-seal ring) (shaft) VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
95/167
81
2-3 (Single Mechanical Seal)
:US.EPA., Controlling VOC Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook,1982.
. 2 (Dual Mechanical Seal) 2
- 2 back to back (seal) 2 (single seal) (seal)
- 2 tandem dual mechanical seal
(single seal) 2 (seal)
2-4 2 (Double Mechanical Seal)
:US.EPA., Controlling VOC Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook, 1982.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
96/167
82
2-5 (Seal-less Pump)US.EPA., Controlling VOC Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook, 1982.
. (Seal-less Pump) 2-5 VOCs
- (Compressor) 2 . (Mechanical Contact Seals) 3 (centrifugal) (reciprocating) (rotary) (seal) (shaft) (bearing) (Labyrinth compressor seal) (mechanical contact) ( liquidfilm) (restrictive ring seal)2-6
. (Closed-vent Systems) (Control Devices) VOCs (Flare)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
97/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
98/167
84
2) VOCs ( Pressure Relief Devices) (Rupture Disks)
(disk) (disk)
2-7 Rupture-disk :US.EPA., Controlling VOC Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook, 1982.
3) (Open-endedLines) (Open-endedValves) (Plugs) (Caps) (Blinds)
4) (Sampling Connections) (closed loop sampling system) (2-8)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
99/167
85
2-8:US.EPA., Controlling VOC Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook,1982.
2-9 seal
:David R. Patrick, 1994.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
100/167
86
5) (Valves) (packing gland) (O-ring seal) ( )
Seal (diaphragm pump)
VOCs 2-6
2-6 Fugitive Sources
(%) (Sealless design) 100 a
(Closed-vent system) 90 b 2 (Dual mechanical seal)
100
(Sealless design) 100 a
(Closed-vent system) 90b
2 (Dual mechanical seal)
100
(Closed-vent system) c
(Rupture disk) 100 (Weld together) 100 (Blind) (cap) (plug)
2
100
(Closed-loopsampling)
100
a VOCs b (Closed-vent system) VOCsC (Closed-vent system)
VOCs
:
US.EPA, Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment
Leaks, 1996.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
101/167
87
2.3 (Evaporative Loss from Tanks) VOCs 2
VOCs
4 1) 2) 3) 4)
2.3.1 (Fixed Roof Tanks)
1) Standing Loss VOCs VOCs VOCs
2) Working Loss
= Standing Loss + Working Loss
50%
Fixed Roof Tank- - - Breather valve VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
102/167
88
- (Vapor balancing) - (vapor recovery)
(vapor/liquid absorption) (vaporcompression) (vapor cooling) (vapor/solid adsorption) (Thermal oxidation system) - 6699 %- 9098 %- 90 -98 %
96-99 %
2.3.2 (External Floating Roof Tanks) (External Floating Roof Tanks)
Standing Loss Standing Loss ( 50% )
2 (Rim Seal Loss) 15% (Deck Fitting Loss Deck Seam Loss) 10% (Fixed Roof Tank) (External Floating Roof Tank) VOCs 25%
( ExternalFloating Roof Tank) ( Floating Roof)
(seal
)
- (Mechanical shoe seal) (light-gauge metallic band)
- (Vapor-mounted primary seals) Vapor-mounted 3 (mechanical (metallic) shoe) (resilient filled (nonmetallic))(flexible wiperseals)2-10
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
103/167
89
2-10 :U.S. EPA., 1995.
- (Liquid-mounted) (mechanical shoe primary seals) 2-11
()
()
()
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
104/167
90
2-11 : U.S. EPA., 1995.
2 (Secondary rim seals) 2 (Secondary rim seals)
1 (Primary seal fabric) (floating deck rim) VOCs 1 2 2-12
()
()
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
105/167
91
2-12 2
:U.S. EPA.,1995.
VOCs
2
1
2 (shoe)
1
2 1
2 1 (shoe)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
106/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
107/167
93
(platform) 2-15
2-15/ (Gauge-hatch/sample ports )
:U.S. EPA., 1995.
4) ( Rim vents) 2-16
2-16 (Rim vents):U.S. EPA., 1995.
5) ( Deck drains) 2
VOCs 2-17
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
108/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
109/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
110/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
111/167
97
1) (Columns and wells)
(unslotted guide pole wells)
(1 50
2) (Ladders and wells)
2-22
2-22(Ladder well):U.S. EPA., 1995.
.
3) (Stub drains) (Stub drains)
1 VOCs (weld)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
112/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
113/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
114/167
100
2.5 VOCs (Wastewater treatment) (VOCs)
VOCs VOCs
stationary source
2.6 (Stationary Source Control)(Stationary
Point Sources) (Add-on Control Devices) 2
(Recovery) /(Destroy)
(ControlTechnologies for Low Concentration Organic Vapor Gas Streams)
4
1)
2) 3) 4)
2.6.1(Incineration)
VOCs VOCs
2 1) Thermal Incinerator 2) Catalytic Incinerator Thermal Incinerator
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
115/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
116/167
102
2-28
11.5
3 15 6 12
(Flashback) 2.0 3.0 0.20 2.0
2)(Catalytic Incineration) (Thermal
Oxidation) (2-29) 1.5 -12.5
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
117/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
118/167
104
2.6.2 (Adsorption)
(Activated Carbon) (Adsorbent) 2 (Regenerable) Fixed Bed System (Nonregenerable)Carbon Canisters
adsorbate adsorbent
adsorbate adsorbateadsorbent (regenerate) adsorbate adsorbent adsorbate adsorbate activated carbon, silica gel, activated alumina(alumina oxide) zeolites (molecular sieves)
activated carbon activated carbon activated activate
(
)
4x6
4x10 mesh 5 30 lb/ft3 3x106 8x106 ft2/lb 2 5 1
2
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
119/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
120/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
121/167
107
2.6.3 (Absorption)
( ) ( )
2-31 Packed Column
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
122/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
123/167
109
2.7 Technology VOCsVOCs
2.7.1
(Direct Combustion Process) VOCs
VOCs 550800 (Oxidize) (Decompose) VOCs VOCs
2-8
1) VOCs 2) VOCs 3) VOCs
1) 2) VOCs 3) (NO
x)
(SOx)
2.7.2 (Catalytic) 350-650
(Catalyst bed)
2-9
1) 2) VOCs 3) 4)
1) VOCs 2) 3) (SO
3)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
124/167
110
2.7.3 (Oxidation) (Catalytic Oxidation Process) VOCs
VOCs 250 350
(Catalyst Bed) VOCs (Catalytic Oxidation) (Catalyst) VOCs
2-10
1) (Catalyst) (Oxidation) VOCs 2) VOCs 3)
4)
1) VOCs 2) (Catalyst) 3) (SO3)
2.7.4 VOCs
30 VOCs (VOC) (HAPs)
VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
125/167
111
2-11
1) 2) 3)
4)
1) 2) 3) VOCs
2.7.5 (Scrubbing) (Chemical Scrubbing Process) VOCs
VOCs (Trimethylamine)
(Hydrogen Sulfide) (MethylMercaptan) (Alkaline Solution)
(Activated CarbonAdsorption) (Chemical Scrubbing) (Methyl Sulfide)
2-12
1) VOCs 2) 3) (Mist) (Fume) (Dust)
1) VOCs 2) 3)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
126/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
127/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
128/167
114
3. VOCs
VOCs
VOCs VOCs (Benchmark) VOCs VOCs 75% VOCs VOCs
2 6 2 VOCs VOCs 3-1 Vent (Closed Loop)
Drain Sump Tank
3-1: ()( . ())
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
129/167
115
3.1 (Walkthrough Survey Technique Quick Win)
() 1 ""
3.13.2
3-1 VOCs
1./
1.1 (Sampling/Drain Valve)
-- valve
---
1.2 /
--
- cap -
1.3
--/
- sumppit -
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
130/167
116
3-1 VOCs ()
2.
2.1
- /
- /
2.2 /
- - - vent
- -
-
3.
3.1 waste water sump /waste
oil sump/CPI oil separator
-
- /
3.2 -
--
4. //
4.1 /
- - -
- - -
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
131/167
117
3 -2 VOCs ( )
VOCs VOCs
1. Pressure relief
valve
1.1 Pressure relief valve
/- Seal - valve
- /
2. Vent 2.1 vent vent
-
-
3. 3.1 Dryer -
-
- -
4.
4.1
- - /
-
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
132/167
118
3-2 VOCs :
3.2 VOCs (Fugitives) 2
VOCs 3.2.1
VOCs VOCs 100
VOCs 20-25%
3-3
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
133/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
134/167
120
3-5:
3-6:
3-6 VOCs VOCs 2 (Sight glass)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
135/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
136/167
122
3.2.4 (body)
seamless pump seamless type valves 3 -9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 Rupture disk (Pressure Relief Valve)
3-9 3-10: . () :
3-11 3-12double mechanical seal: . () :
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
137/167
123
3.13Rupture Disk : . ()
3.3 (Combustion) VOCs
VOCs
3.3.1
(ground level flare) (enclosed flare) ground level flare 3-143.3.2 (Thermal Incinerator)
VOCs 3 -15 VOCs ( ) 750 oC VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
138/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
139/167
125
3.4 (Adsorption) VOCs 2
(regeneration system) 2 VOCs VOCs Carbon Canister VOCs 3-17 VOCs
3.17 Charcoal Adsorber
: ()
3.5Vapor Recovery Unit(VRU) Vapor Recovery Unit VOCs
VOCs Vapor Recovery Unit (adsorption) 2 (condensation) (absorption) VOCs VOCs VOCs 3-18 Vapor Recovery Unit
(adsorption) 2
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
140/167
126
3-18 VRU 2
: ()
3-19 Vapor Recovery Unit (absorption) Scrubber Cracked bottom, toluene C8+
3-20 Vapor Recovery Unit (Condensation) Dome Roof mixed C4 vapor recovery
Low Pressure Flare Vapor Recovery Vapor Recovery 4-6oC
3-19 VRU (absorption):
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
141/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
142/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
143/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
144/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
145/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
146/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
147/167
133
3-30:
3.8.2 VOCs
VOCs VOC
3.8.2.1 Charcoal Adsorber Wet Scrubber 3-31 2 Expanded Granular Sludge
Bed (EGSB) Activated Sludge (AS) Charcoal Adsorber Wet Scrubber
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
148/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
149/167
135
3.8.2.2 Biotrickling Filter Tank Biotrickling Filter Tank
VOCs Humidifier Bio filter Fix film Media VOCs 3-33
3-33 Biotrickling Filter Tank: . ()
3.9 VOCs Plant Turnaround & Tank Inspection
VOCs
VOCs VOCs 3-34VOCs
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
150/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
151/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
152/167
1. American Petroleum Institute. Evaporative Loss form External Floating Roof Tanks. Third
Edition, Bulletin No. 2517, Washington, DC, 1989.
2. American Petroleum Institute. Evaporative Loss form Fixed Roof Tanks . Second Edition, Bulletin
No. 2518, Washington, D.C., October 1991.
3. American Petroleum Institute. Evaporation Loss form Internal Floating Roof Tanks.Third Edition,
Bulletin No. 2519, Washington, DC, 1982.
4. America Petroleum Institute. Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions from Oil and Gas Production
Operations. API Publication No. 4589. 1993.
5.
American Petroleum Institute. Manual Of Petroleum Measurement Standards: Chapter 19:
Evaporative Loss Measurement, Section 2, Evaporative Loss From Floating Roof Tanks .
Preliminary Draft, Washington, DC, December 1994.
6. California Air Resources Board. Technical Guidance Document to the Criteria and Guidelines
Regulation for AB-2588. August 1989.
7. Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). Improving Air Quality: Guidance for Estimating
Fugitive Emissions. Second Edition. Washington, D.C. 1989.
8.
David R. Patric. Toxic Air Pollution Handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994.9. EPA. Equipment Leaks Enabling Document. Final Report. Internal Instruction Manual for ESD
Regulation Development. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Reasearch Triangle Park, North Carolina. July
1992.
10. EPA. Fugitive Emission Sources of Organic Compounds Additional Information on Emissions,
Emission Reductions, and Costs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality,
Planning, and Standards, 450/3-82-010. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. April 1982.
11. EPA. Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 453/R-95-017.
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. November, 1995.
12. Epperson, D.L. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Petroleum Industry Equipment Leaks:
Revised Correlations, Default Zero Emission Factors, and Pegged Emission Factors Based on
the 1993 Data from Refineries, Marketing Terminals, and Oil and Gas Production Operations.
Technical memorandum to D. Markwordt, Radian Corporation. January 27, 1995.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
153/167
()
13.
Ferry, R.L. Estimating Storage Tank Emissions--Changes Are Coming. TGB Partnership, 1994.
EPA. Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from Petroleum Refining: Volume 3, Appendix B.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 600/2-80-075c. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
April 1980.
14.
Laverman, R.J. Emission Reduction Options For Floating Roof Tanks, Chicago Bridge and Iron
Technical Services Company. Presented at the Second International Symposium on
Aboveground Storage Tanks, Houston, TX, January 1992.
15.
Taback, et al.Analysis of Refinery Screening Data. American Petroleum Institute (US.API), API
Publication 310, 1997.
16. Title 40: Protection of Environment Part 60-Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources Subpart DDDStandards of Performance for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Emissions from the Polymer Manufacturing Industry Source: 55 FR 51035, Dec. 11, 1990,
unless otherwise noted.
17. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 40: Part 51.100(s), As of 3/31/2009.
18.
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A. July 1, 1987. Reference
Method 21, Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks. Office of the Federal Register.
Washington, D.C.
19. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. VOC Emissions From Volatile Organic Liquid Storage
Tanks-Background Information For Proposed Standards, EPA-450/3-81-003a. Research
Triangle Park, NC, July 1984.
20.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Air Emission Models for Waste and Wastewater, EPA-
453/R-94-080A, U.S. EPA Contract No. 68D10118. November 1994.
21.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Benzene Emissions From Benzene Storage Tanks-
Background Information For Proposed Standards, EPA-450/3-80-034a. Research Triangle Park,
NC, December 1980.
22. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume
1: Stationary Point and Area Sources,AP-42, Fifth Edition, Office Of Air Quality Planning And
Standards Office of Air And Radiation Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 January 1995.
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=1972699f2b2ab0429fd57443ef05128a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A6.0.1.1.1;idno=40;cc=ecfrhttp://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=1972699f2b2ab0429fd57443ef05128a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A6.0.1.1.1;idno=40;cc=ecfrhttp://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=1972699f2b2ab0429fd57443ef05128a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A6.0.1.1.1;idno=40;cc=ecfrhttp://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=1972699f2b2ab0429fd57443ef05128a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A6.0.1.1.1;idno=40;cc=ecfrhttp://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr;sid=1972699f2b2ab0429fd57443ef05128a;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A6.0.1.1.1;idno=40;cc=ecfr -
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
154/167
()
23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook Control Technologies for Hazardous Air
Pollutants, EPN625/6-91/014, Center for Environmental Research Information, Office of Research
and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, June 1991.
24.
US.EPA. Preferred and Alternative Method for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment
Leaks, 1996.
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Protocol for Equipment LeakEmission Estimates, 1995,
EPA-453/R-95-017, Emission Standards Division, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, November 1996.
26.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, SI: 417 Controlling VOC Emissions from
Leaking Process Equipment: Student Guidebook, EPA 450/2-82-015, Air Pollution Training
Institute, Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, August 1982
27. US.EPA. Survey of Control Technologies for Low Concentration Organic Vapor Gas Streams ,
EPA-456/R-95-003, May 1995, p88.
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
155/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
156/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
157/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
158/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
159/167
(Volatile Organic Compounds) (carcinogen) (non-carcinogen)
(.. )
() (Acetaldehyde) () (Acrolein) . () (Acrylonitrile) () (Benzene) .
() (Benzyl Chloride) () , - (1, 3 - Butadiene) . () (Bromomethane) () (Carbon Tetrachloride)
() (Chloroform)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
160/167
() , - (1, 2 - Dibromoethane)
() , - (1, 4 - Dichlorobenzene) ,
() ,- (1, 2 - Dichloroethane)
() (Dichloromethane) () , - (1, 2 - Dichloropropane)
() , - (1, 4 - Dioxane) () (Tetrachloroethylene)
() , , , - (1, 1, 2, 2 - Tetrachloroethane)
() (Trichloroethylene) () (Vinyl Chloride)
..
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
161/167
.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Occupational Safety andHealth Administration (OSHA)
() PEL ()
() ( )PEL .( /)
() PEL PEL safety factor
safety factor () PEL
PEL safety factor safety factor (sensitive population) (sensitive)
= PEL / (.xx)
(.. )
PEL chloroform,1,2 - dichloroethane, 1,2 - dichloropropane trichloroethylenesafety factor
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
162/167
- -
vinyl chloride
.
. .
.
() US EPA Compendium Method TO-14A Determination of VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOCs) in ambient air using specially prepared canisters with subsequent
analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC)
() US EPA Compendium Method TO-15 Determination of VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOCs) in air collected in specially prepared canisters and analyzed by
Gas Chromatography/Mass/Spectrometry (GC/MS)
() US EPA Compendium Method TO-11A Determination of Formaldehydein ambient air using adsorbent cartridge followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) (Active sampling method)
()
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
163/167
..
(.. ) ..
. .
(.. ) ..
(Organic Carbon) .
(Pumps) (Compressors) (Agitators Mixers) (Valves) (Open-Ended Lines) (Connectors Flanges) (Pressure Relief Devices) (Sampling Connections)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
164/167
(. )
(ppmv)
(ppmv)- - - -
- - (/)
-
, , , , ,
()
.
()
() (Connectors Flanges)
(Nominal Internal Diameter) () (Pumps) (Compressors)
(Agitators) (Seal) (Dual mechanical seal) (Barrier fluid) (Process Stream) (Sensor)
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
165/167
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
166/167
() () ()
()
()
..
-
7/26/2019 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Management Guideline
167/167