Vol. 47, No. 201 Monday, October 18, 1982 Rules and ... · Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 201 /...

46434 Federal Regisler / Vol. 47, No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY

40 CFR Part 419

[WH-FRL 2203-3]

Petroleum Refining Point SourceCategory Effluent LimitationsGuidelines, Pretreatment Standards,and New Source PerformanceStandards

AGENCY: Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA).ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: These regulations limit thedischarge of pollutants into navigablewaters and into publicly ownedtreatment works (POTW) by existingand new sources in the petroleumrefining industry. The Clean Water Actand a consent decree require EPA toissue these regulations. Theseregulations provide final effluentlimitations guidelines for "best availabletechnology economically achievable"(BAT), and establishes finalpretreatment standards for existingsources (PSES) and for new sources(PSNS). The Agency has decided toretain its previously promulgated "newsource performance standards" [NSPS)for this industry. Effluent limitationsguidelines for "best practicable controltechnology currently available" (BPT)were not modified by EPA in thisrulemaking. The Agency is reservingcoverage of "best conventional pollutantcontrol technology" (BCT) effluentlimitations guidelines because themethodology to assess the costreasonableness of BCT has not yet beenestablished. The Agency is withdrawingstorm water runoff limitationspromulgated on May 9, 1974 (39 FR16560) for BPT, BAT, and NSPS, becausethese limitations were remanded-by thecourt in American Petroleum Institute v.EPA, 540 F. 2d 1023 (10th Cir. 1976).DATES: In accordance with 40 CFR100.01 (45 FR 26048), the regulationsdeveloped in this rulemaking shall beconsidered issued for purposes ofjudicial review at 1:00 p.m. Eastern timeon November 1, 1982.

These regulations shall becomeeffective December 1, 1982.

The compliance date for the newlyissued PSNS regulation is the date thatthe new source commences discharge.The compliance date for PSES is thesame as the compliance date for theinterim final PSES for this industrypromulgated on March 23, 1977. (See 42FR 15684). The PSES promulgated todayis no more stringent than the interimfinal PSES.

Under Section 509(b)(1) of the CleanWater Act judicial review of theseregulations is available only by filing apetition for review in the United StatesCourt of Appeals within ninety daysafter these regulations are consideredissued for purpose of judicial review.Under Section 509(b)(2) of the CleanWater Act, these requirements of theregulations may not be challenged laterin civil or criminal proceedings broughtby EPA to enforce these requirements.

Those portions of the existingpetroleu.m refining effluent guidelineslimitations and standards that are notsubstantively amended by this noticeare not subject to judicial review nor istheir effectiveness altered by this notice.These regulations are BPT and NSPS.ADDRESSES: The record for thisrulemaking will be available for publicreview within four weeks after the dateof publication in EPA's PublicInformation Reference Unit, Room 2004(Rear) (EPA Library), 401 M Street, S.W.,Washington, D.C. The EPA informationregulation (40 CFR Part 2] provides thata reasonable fee may be charged forcopying.

Technical information may beobtained by writing to William A.Telliard, Effluent Guidelines Division(WH-552), EPA, 401 M Street, S.W.,Washirgton, D.C. 20460, or by calling(202) 426-4617. Copies of the technicaldevelopment and economic documentscan be obtained from the NationalTechnical Information Service,Springfield, Virginia 22161 (703/487-6000).FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:Dennis Ruddy, (202) 382-7165.SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Organization of this NoticeL Legal AuthorityII. Scope of this RulemakingIll. Summary of Legal BackgroundIV. Prior Regulations and Methodology and

Data Gathering EffortsV. Control Treatment Options and

- Technology Basis for RegulationsA. Final BAT LimitationsB. New Source Performance Standards

(NSPS)C. Final Pretreatment Standards for

Existing Sources (PSES)D. Final Pretreatment Standards for New

Sources (PSNS)VI. Costs and Economic ImpactsVII. Non-Water Quality Environmental

ImpactsA. Air PollutionB. Solid WasteC. Consumptive Water LossD. Energy Requirements

VIII. Pollutants and Subcategories NotRegulated

A. Exclusion of PollutantsB. Exclusion of Subcategories

IX. Responses to Major Comments

X. Best Management PracticesXI. Upset and Bypass ProvisionsXII. Variances and ModificationsXIII. Relationship to NPDES PermitsXIV. Public ParticipationXV. Small Business Administration (SBA)

Financial AssistanceXVI. Availability of Technical AssistanceXVII. Appendices

A. Priority Pollutants Not Detected inTreated Effluents Discharged Directly,and Excluded from Regulation

B. Priorty Pollutants Not Detected inEffluents Discharged to POTWs, andExcluded from Regulation

C. Priority Pollutants Detected in TreatedEffluents Discharged Directly, butExcluded from Regulation

D. Priority Pollutants Detected in EffluentsDischarged to POTWs, but Excludedfrom Regulation

E. Abbreviations, Acronyms, and OtherTerms Used in this Notice

I. Legal Authority

These regulations are beingpromulgated under the authority ofSections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of theClean Water Act (the Federal WaterPollution Control Act Amendments of1972, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq., as amendedby the Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub. L.95-217) also called the "Act". Theseregulations are also being promulgatedin response to the Settlement Agreementin Natural Resources Defense Council,Inc. v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976),modified, 12 ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979).

II. Scope of this Rulemaking

The petroleum refining industry isincluded within the U.S. Department ofCommerce, Bureau of the Census,Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)2911. A detailed overview of thepetroleum refining industry can be foundin the proposed regulations of December21, 1979 for this industry (44 FR 75926).

The most important pollutants orpollutant parameters in petroleumrefinery wastewaters are: (a) toxicpollutants (chromium); (b) conventionalpollutants (TSS, Oil and Grease, BOD5,and pH); and (c) nonconventionalpollutants (phenolic compounds (4-AAP), COD, sulfide and ammonia).EPA's 1973 to 1976 rulemaking effortsemphasized the achievement of bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable (BPI') by July 1, 1977. Ingeneral, BPT represents the average ofthe best existing performances of well-known technologies for control oftraditional (i.e., "classical") pollutants.

In contrast, this round of rulemakingaims for the achievement by July 1, 1984,of the best available technologyeconomically achievable (BAT) that willresult in reasonable further progresstoward the national goal of eliminating

Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations

the discharge of all pollutants. At aminimum, BAT represents the besteconomically achievable performance inany industrial category or subcategory.Moreover, as a result of the Clean WaterAct of 1977, the emphasis of EPA'sprogram has shifted from "classical"pollutants to the control of a lengthy listof toxic pollutants.

EPA is promulgating BAT, PSES, andPSNS for each of the five subcategoriesestablished for this industry. BPT, BATand NSPS effluent limitations for stormwater runoff for all direct dischargersand all BCT requirements, includingstorm water runoff, are being reservedfor future rulemaking.

III. Summary of Legal Background

The Federal Water Pollution ControlAct Amendments of 1972 established acomprehensive program to "restore andmaintain the chemical, physical, andbiological integrity of the Nation'swaters" (Section 101(a)). To implementthe Act, EPA was to issue effluentstandards, pretreatment standards, andnew source performance standards forindustry dischargers.

The Act included a timetable forissuing these standards. However, EPAwas unable to meet many of thedeadlines and, as a result, in 1976, it wassued by several environmental groups.In settling this lawsuit, EPA and theplaintiffs executed a court-approved"Settlement Agreement". ThisAgreement required EPA to develop aprogram and adhere to a schedule inpromulgating effluent limitationsguidelines and standards for 65"priority" pollutants and classes ofpollutants for 21 major industries. SeeNatural Resources Defense Council, Inc.v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976),modified, 12 ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979). Seealso: 43 FR 4108; 46 FR 2266; 46 FR 10723.

Many of the basic elements of thisSettlement Agreement program wereincorporated into the Clean Water Actof 1977. Like the Agreement, the Actstressed control of toxic pollutantsincluding the 65 "priority" pollutants. Inaddition, to strengthen the toxic controlprogram, Section 304(e) of the Act.authorizes the Administrator toprescribe "best management practices"(BMPs) to prevent the release of toxicand hazardous pollutants from plant siterunoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or wastedisposal, and drainage from rawmaterial storage associated with, orancillary to, the manufacturing oftreatment process.

Under the Act, the EPA program is toset a number of different kinds ofeffluent limitations. These are discussedin detail in the Development Document

supporting these regulations. Thefollowing is a brief summary:

1. Best Practicable ControlTechnology (BPT. BPT limitations aregenerally based on the average of thebest existing performance by plants ofvarious sizes, ages, and unit processeswithin the industry or subcategory.

In establishing BPT limitations, EPAconsiders the total cost of applying thetechnology in relation to the effluentreduction derived, the age of equipmentand facilities involved, the processemployed, the engineering aspects ofcontrol technologies, process changes,and non-water-quality environmentalimpacts (including energy requirements).The total cost of applying the technologyis balanced against the effluentreduction. EPA promulgated BPT for thepetroleum refining point source categoryon May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560) andamended the regulations on May 20,1975 (40 FR 21939). BPT is printed in thisfinal rule for the sake of completeness tothe reader.

2. Best Available Technology (BAT).BAT limitations, in general, representthe best existing performance oftechnology in the industrial subcategoryor category. The Act establishes BAT asthe principal national means ofcontrolling the direct discharge of toxicand nonconventional pollutants tonavigable waters.

In arriving at BAT, the Agencyconsiders the age of the equipment andfacilities involved, the processemployed, the engineering aspects ofcontrol technologies, process changes,the cost of achieving such effluentreduction, and non-water qualityenvironmental impacts. TheAdministrator retains considerablediscretion in assigning the weight to beaccorded these factors.

3. Best Conventional Pollutant ControlTechnology (BCT. The 1977Amendments added Section 301(b)(2)(E)to the Act establishing "bestconventional pollutant controltechnology" (BCT) for discharge ofconventional pollutants from existingindustrial point sources. Conventionalpollutants are those defined in Section304(a)(4) [biochemical oxygendemanding pollutants (BOD5), totalsuspended solids (TSS), fecal coliformand pH], and any additional pollutantsdefined by the Administrator as"conventional" [oil and grease, 44 FR44501, July 30, 1979].

BCT is not an additonal limitation butreplaces BAT for the control ofconventional pollutants. In additon toother factors specified in section304(b)(4)(B), the Act requires the BCTlimitations be assessed in light of a twopart "cost-reasonableness" test.

American Paper Institute v. EPA, 660F2d 954 (4th Cir. 1981). The first testcompares the cost for private industry toreduce its conventional pollutants withthe costs to publicly owned treatmentworks for similar levels of reduction intheir discharge of these pollutants. Thesecond test examines the cost-effectiveness of additional industrialtreatment beyond BPT. EPA must findthat limitations are "reasonable" underboth tests before establishing them asBCT. In no case may BCT be lessstringent than BPT.

EPA published its methodology forcarrying out the BCT analysis on August29, 1979 (44 FR 50732). In the casementioned above, the Court of Appealsordered EPA to correct data errorsunderlying EPA's calculation of the firsttest, and to apply the second cost test.(EPA had argued that a second cost testwas not required). The Agency isreserving BCT effluent limitationsguidelines because the methodology toassess the cost reasonableness of BCThas not yet been established.

4. New Source Performance Standards(NSPS). NSPS are based on the bestavailable demonstrated technology.New plants have the opportunity toinstall the best and most efficientproduction processes and wastewatertreatment technologies. EPApromulgated NSPS for the petroleumrefining point source category on May 9,1974 (39 FR 16560) and amended theregulation on May 20, 1975 (40 FR 21939).NSPS is printed in this final rule for thesake of completeness to the reader.

5. Pretreatment Standards for ExistingSources (PSES). PSES are designed toprevent the discharge of pollutants thatpass through, interfere with, or areotherwise incompatible with theoperation of a publicly owned treatmentworks (POTW). They must be achievedwithin three years of promulgation. TheClean Water Act of 1977 requirespretreatment for toxic pollutants thatpass through the POTW in amounts thatwould violate direct discharger effluentlimitations or interfere with the POTW'streatment process or chosen sludgedisposal method. The legislative historyof the 1977 Act indicates thatpretreatment standards are to betechnology-based, analogous to the bestavailable technology for removal oftoxic pollutants. EPA has generallydetermined that there is pass through ofpollutants if the percent of pollutantsremoved by a well-operated POTWachieving secondary treatment is lessthan the percent removed by the BATmodel treatment system. The generalpretreatment regulations, which servedas the framework for the categorical

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pretreatment regulations are found at 40CFR Part 403 (43 FR 27736, June 26, 1978;46 FR 9462 January 28, 1981).

6. Pretreatment Standards for NewSources (PSNS). Like PSES, PSNS are toprevent the discharge of pollutantswhich pass through, interfere with, orare otherwise incompatible with theoperation of the POTW. PSNS are to bei'ssued at the same time as NSPS. Newindirect dischargers, like new directdischargers, have the opportunity toincorporate the best availabledemonstrated technologies. The Agencyconsiders the same factors inpromulgating PSNS as it considers inpromulgating PSES.IV. Prior Regulations and Methodologyand Data Gathering Efforts

A. Prior Petroleum Refining Regulations

EPA promulgated BPT, BAT, NSPS,and PSNS for the petroleum refiningpoint source category on May 9, 1974 (39FR 16560). The BPT, BAT, and NSPSregulations were challenged by theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) andothers in the United States Court ofAppeals for the Tenth Circuit. Both BPTand NSPS were upheld by the Court,with the exception of limitations forstorm water runoff which wereremanded for further consideration.BAT, including limitations for stormwater runoff, was remanded for furtherconsideration. American PetroleumInstitute v. EPA, 540 F.2d 1023 (1oth Cir.1976). Interim final PSES waspromulgated on March 23, 1977 (42 FR15684) in response to the SettlementAgreement.

BAT and BCT were proposed onDecember 21, 1979 (44 FR 75926). At thesame time, the Agency proposed torevise NSPS, PSNS, and PSES.

B. Methodology and Data GatheringEfforts

The methodology and data gatheringefforts used in developing the proposedregulations were summarized in thepreamble to the proposed petroleumrefining regulations published onDecember 21, 1979 (44 FR 75926).

EPA has prepared the followingreports concerning data it has acquiredon this industry since the December1979 proposed regulations werepublished: (1) a report entitledPetroleum Refining Industry,Refinements to 1979 Proposed FlowModel; and (2) a report entitledPetroleum Refining Industry, SurrogateSampling Program. The Agency hasrejected the options which utilized thedata and conclusions from these reportsin this rulemaking; therefore, the resultswere not used by EPA as bases for the

Agency's regulations in today'srulemaking.

V. Control Treatment Options andTechnology Basis for Regulations

A. Final BAT LimitationsEPA is promulgating BAT limitations

which are equivalent to the BPT level ofcontrol (Option 9 discussed below).These limitations are based on both in-plant and end-of-pipe technologies,including sour water stripping to controlamlmonia and sulfide, water usemanagement, sewer segregation,wastewater, flow equalization, initial oiland solids removal (API separators orbaffle plate separators), advanced oiland solids removal (clarifiers, dissolvedair flotation, or filters), biologicaltreatment, and filtration or other"polishing" steps. The flow model andsubcategorization scheme upon whichthese limitations are based are the sameas those used for developing the BPTeffluent limitations. BPT removes 96percent of the toxic pollutants from rawwastewaters discharged by thepetroleum refining industry.

1. Control Treatment Options for BAT.The control and treatment technologyoptions that EPA investigated for use inthis industry for BAT are presentedbelow. Options 1 through 6 wereconsidered in formulating the proposedrule. Option 7, a modification of Option2, and Option 8, a modification ofOption 1, were developed on the basisof information available at the time ofthe 1979 proposal, modified as a resultof information collected by EPA afterthe proposed rule was published, as wellas from public comments received onthe proposed rule. Option 9, the BPTlevel of control, was reconsidered afterpublication of the proposed rule, as aresult of public comments received.

Option 1-Discharge flow reduction of27 percent from the proposed modelflow, achieved through greater reuseand recycle of wastewaters, in additionto BPT treatment.

Option 2-Discharge flow reduction of52 percent from the proposed modelflow, achieved through greater reuseand recycle of wastewaters, in additionto BPT treatment. This was the controltreatment option selected in the 1979proposal.

Option 3-Discharge flow reduction of27 percent from the proposed modelflow per Option 1, plus enhanced BPTtreatment with powdered activatedcarbor to reduce residual toxic organicpollutants.

Option 4-Discharge flow reduction of52 percent from the proposed modelflow per Option 2, in addition to BPTtreatment plus segregation and separate

treatment of cooling tower blowdown.Cooling tower blowdown treatment formetals removal includes reduction ofhexavalent chromium to trivalentchromium, p11 adjustment, precipitation,and settling or clarification.

Option 5-Discharge flow reduction of27 percent from the proposed modelflow per Option 1, in addition to BPTtreatment plus granular activatedcarbon treatment to reduce residualtoxic organic pollutants.

Option 6-A "no discharge ofwastewater pollutants" (i.e., zerodischarge) standard based upon reuse.recycle, evaporation, or reinjection ofwastewaters.

Option 7-Discharge flow reduction of37.5 percent from revised model flowachieved through greater reuse andrecycle of wastewaters, in addition toBPT treatment.

Option 8--Discharge flow reduction ofapproximately 20 percent from revisedmodel flow achieved through greaterreuse and recycle of wastewaters, inaddition to BPT treatment.

Option 9-Flow equalization, initialoil and solids removal, advanced oil andsolids removal, biological treatment, andfiltration or other final "polishing" steps.This option is the basis of the existingregulations.

2. Technology Basis for the Final BATRegulation. (a) Final BAT Limits: EPA ispromulgating BAT limitations based onOption 9 which is equivalent to the BPTlevel of control. Regulated pollutants forBAT are (1) nonconventional pollutants:Chemical oxygen demand (COD), totalphenols (4AAP), ammonia(N), andsulfides; and (2) toxic pollutants: totalchromium, and hexavalent chromium.

(b) Changes From Proposal: Theoptions considered in formulating theproposed rules were based on variouscombinations of wastewater flowreduction and improved performance ofwastewater treatment technology. Aflow modeling approach was used forregulatory purposes to define theindustry's current wastewatergeneration and to correlate effluent flowwith process variables. The proposed1979 flow model was developed toestablish the average wastewater flowthat can be expected from refinerieswith similar process configurations. Theproposed flow model was also used todetermine specific effluent limitationsfor the prescribed levels of flowreduction in Options 1 through 5.

The proposed regulation was basedon the Option 2 level of control.. Thisoption proposed to regulate chemicaloxygen demand (COD), total phenols(4AAP), ammonia(N), sulfide, totalchromium, and hexavalent chromium.


The-Agency determined that,regardless of the amount of flowreduction, the levels of ammonia,sulfide, and COD would not measurablychange compared to the BPT level ofcontrol. The control of ammonia andsulfide is achieved through steamstripping, an in-plant control technique.No technologically feasible processchanges or in-plant controls beyondthose presently in use in this industrywere identified to further reduceammonia and sulfide. The Agency'sattempts to quantify or predict changesin COD levels with implementation offlow reduction/water reuse technologieswere inconclusive.

The proposed regulation would havelimited total phenols at a massequivalent of 19 jxg/1. The Agencyreceived a number of comments on thisissue stating that the proposal to limittotal phenols at 19 Lg/1 was toostringent because technology is notavailable to consistently achieve such alevel. Additional information on phenolwas collected by EPA in the "Long TermData Collection Survey" and the"Surrogate Sampling Program" (SeeSections IV and XVI) subsequent to theDecember 1979 proposal. Informationcollected included effluent data from 37refineries for calendar year 1979.Analysis of the data collected duringthese two studies concluded thatexisting BPT treatment systems are notachieving the proposed 19 Mig/1 level ona long term basis. However, the resultsdo show that such systems are capableof achieving the 100 pg/1 level of controlpreviously established for determiningBPT mass limitations.

The preamble to the 1979 proposal (44FR 75938) stated that implementation ofOption 2 would result in the removal ofapproximately 123,000 pounds ofchromium per year, at an incremental(beyond BPT) annual cost of $62 millionand a capital cost of $138 million (1979dollars). This 123, 000 pounds ofchromium per year represents theincremental removal from the BPT levelto the BAT Option 2 level. However,based upon reevaluation of the effluentdata base, the Agency has found thisfigure was overstated because theobserved chromium discharge ofrefineries with BPT level treatment wasconsiderably less than that allowable bythe BPT chromium limitations. Theactual amount of chromium whichwould have been removed under thisoption is approximately 32,000 poundsper year. The capital costs, to aconsiderable extent, represent retrofitcosts.

BAT Option 2 was developed usingthe proposed 1979 flow model. However,

based upon data submitted bycommenters and the "Flow Model"study performed by EPA after theproposal (See Section IV), the proposed1979 flow model was modified. Thetechnical points raised by some of thecommenters were of considerableassistance in the flow model refinementprocess. The main emphasis of thecomments concerned the statisticaldeficiencies of the proposed model, thechoice of model variables, and aspectsof the resulting model fit. The structureof the model and the process variablesto be included were reexamined andmodified accordingly. This refinementprocess resulted in the revised 1979 flowmodel which was more representative ofthe current wastewater generation in theindustry. Thus, Option 2 has beenrejected because it was based on theproposed flow model that has beenmodified. (See discussion of Option 7below].

Other Options Considered

Because BAT Option 1 relies on thesame technology as BAT Option 2,ammonia, sulfide, and COD levelswould not be measurably changed byimplementing Option 1. The totalphenols limitation for this option wasbased upon the same 19 tg/1concentration level as was used forOption 2. However, as previouslydiscussed, BPT end-of-pipe treatmenthas not been shown to be capable ofachieving this concentration level on along term basis.

The Agency's analysis of availabledata shows that implementation ofOption 1 would remove an additional 1percent beyond BPT treatment levels oftoxic pollutants that are present in rawwastewaters. This translates into anadditional removal beyond BPT ofapproximately 1.3 pounds of toxipollutants per day, per direct dischargerefinery. The proposed 1979 regulationwould require $23.5 million additionalcapital investment at an annual cost of$9.3 million (1979 dollars) to implementOption I for this industry. The capitalcosts, to a considerable extent,represent retrofit costs. This option wasrejected because it was based on theproposed 1979 flow model, which, asdiscussed above, has been modified.(See discussion of Option 8 below).

The Agency's analysis of availabledata shows that implementation ofOption 3 would remove an additional 1.5percent (beyond BPT treatment) levelsof beyond BPT treatment levels. Thistranslates into an additional removalbeyond BPT of approximately twopounds of toxic pollutants per day, perdirect discharge refinery. The two end-of-pipe treatment technologies that were

used to establish Option 3 are rotatingbiological contactors (RBC) andpowdered activated carbon (PAC)treatment. At the time of the Agency'sdata collection efforts in 1976-1979,there were seven facilities using thesetechnologies. The Agency determinedthat, upon analysis of available data,there are significant operational(mechanical) problems with RBCtechnology. The Agency also found thatfull-scale experi6nce with PACtechnology was mixed, i.e., somefacilities experienced consistentlymeasurable pollutant reductions asintended, while others experiencedinconsistent or no measurable effluentreductions. Because of these operationalproblems observed in full-scalefacilities, there was limited performanceinformation available. While both ofthese technologies appear promising, theAgency believes there is not enoughperformance information available atthis time upon which to base nationalregulation for this industry.

Option 4 was predicated onindustrywide ability to segregate,collect, and separately treat coolingtower blowdown, the major source ofchromium for this industry. Thewastewater recycle/reuse study (SeeSection IV), completed after thepublication of the proposed regulation,concluded that, for existing sources, it isextremely difficult in many instances tosegregate cooling tower blowdown forchromium treatment. Cooling towerrecirculation and blowdown is typicallypracticed at numerous locationsthroughout a refinery. Extensivecollection systems would be necessaryat many refineries to collect allblowdown streams for separatetreatment. In addition, not all coolingtower blowdown streams are collectible.For instance, cooling water when usedas makeup for refinery processingcommingles with process water andcannot be traced or segregated,especially in older refineries. Therefore,the Agency has determined that it wouldnot be proper to base BAT effluentlimitations guidelines on this technologyoption.

The alternative for additionalchromium removal beyond BPT is totreat the combined final effluent.However, further end-of-pipe treatmentfor chromium in combined final effluentafter BPT treatment would result inlimited, if any, measurable effluentreduction benefits. This is because thechromium level in combined finaleffluent (115 Mg/l observed average)approximates the level achievable byany further treatment of this type ofwastewater. For the foregoing reasons,

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the Agency rejected Option 4 for thisindustry.

EAT Option 5 was predicated onindustry's ability to install and operategranular activated carbon (GAC)treatment as an end-of-pipe technology.In the preamble to the 1979 proposal (44FR 75933), the Agency stated thatgranular activated carbon (GAC)treatment is not a demonstratedtechnology in this industry. The Agencyalso stated that toxic pollutant removalgenerally increases with the use of GAC.However, because the levels of toxicpollutants after BPT treatment are solow, additional pollutant reductionacross GAC treatment would beminimal. Difficulties in quantifyingpollutant reductions were experiencedwhen the Agency conducted six pilotplant treatability studies using GAC onBPT-treated wastewaters in thisindustry. See 44 FR 75930. EPA is notaware of any petroleum refinerypresently using this technology.Although this technology is used inother industries, EPA has no adequatedata to indicate that this technology iscapable of being transferred to thepetroleum refining industry. For theforegoing reasons the Agency rejectedOption 5 for this industry.

The Agency rejected BAT Option 6, azero discharge requirement: (1) Becauseof its high capital and operating costs,including significant retrofitexpenditures; and (2) because analysisof the zero discharge technologiesrevealed that significant non-waterquality impacts would result from theiruse. These non-water quality impactsinclude generation of large amounts ofsolid waste and very high energyconsumption.

BAT Option 7 is the revision ofregulatory Option 2, and is based upon adischarge flow reduction of 37.5 percentfrom the revised 1979 model flow. TheAgency revised the costs to implementOption 7 recycle and reuse technologies.An estimated capital cost of $112 milliondollars and $37 million dollars annuallywould be required for refiners to complywith Option 7 (1979 dollars). TheAgency's analysis of available datashows that implementation of Option 7would remove 110,000 pounds of toxicpollutants annually beyond BPTtreatment levels, which is equivalent toan additional 1.5 percent (beyond BPTtreatment levels) of toxic pollutantsfrom raw wastewaters. This translatesinto an additional removal beyond BPTof approximately two pounds of toxicpollutants per day, per direct dischargerefinery. The Agency believes, thatgiven all of these factors, the costs

involved do not warrant selection ofOption 7 for this industry.

BAT Option 8 is a revised version ofOption 1 reduction of 20 percent fromthe revised 1979 model flow. TheAgency has not performed a detailedcost analysis for Option 8 but rather hasestimated such costs based upon thecosting procedure developed for Option7. (Option 7 is the revision of theregulatory Option 2 selected in the 1979proposal). The Agency's analysis ofavailable data shows thatimplementation of Option 8 wouldremove an additional 80,000 pounds oftoxic pollutants annually beyond BPTtreatment levels, which would be anadditional one percent (beyond BPTtreatment levels) of toxic pollutantsfrom raw wastewaters at a capital costof $77 million dollars and an annual costof $25 million (1979 dollars). Thistranslates into an additional removalbeyond BPT of 1.3 pounds of toxicpollutants per day, per direct dischargerefinery. The Agency believes that givenall these factors, the costs involved donot warrant selection of Option 8 forthis industry.

Option 9 is based upon the same flowmodel and subcategorization schemethat were used for developing the BPTregulations promulgated by the Agencyin 1974. A process classification systemwas used to divide the industry into fivesubcategories. A procedure wasdeveloped to establish effluentlimitations for each subcategory. Theresulting limits were defined in terms ofa quantity of pollutant per unit offeedstock (mass allocation), and werederived by multiplying a predictedwastewater flow per unit of productiontimes an achievable effluentconcentration for each pollutant. A flowmodeling approach, based on processconfiguration, was used to predictexpected wastewater flow for anindividual refinery, and is referred to asthe "BPT flow model".

Option 9 was selected by the Agencyas the basis for the final BATregulations. Considering the limitedpollutant reduction benefits associatedwith Options I through 8, the inability toquantify nonconventional pollutantreduction via Options I through 8, thecosts involved of going beyond the BPTlevel of control, and the 96 percentreduction in toxic pollutant loadingsachieved by BPT, the Agency hasdetermined that the BAT should beequivalent to the BPT level of control forthis industry.

B. New Source Performance Standards(NSPS]

NSPS were promulgated by EPA onMay 9, 1974 (29 FR 16560) and are

currently in effect. The Agency isretaining the existing NSPS.

1. Control Treatment Options forNSPS. The control and treatmenttechnology options that EPAinv~tigated for use in this industry forNSPS are presented below. Options 1through 3 were considered informulating the proposed rule and werebased upon the 1979 flow model. Option4. the existing NSPS level of control,was reconsidered after publication ofthe proposed rule as a result of thepublic comments and is based upon the1974 flow model.

Option 1-Discharge flow redaction of52 percent from model flow, achievedthrough greater reuse and recycle ofwastewaters, in addition to BPTtreatment. This option is equivalent toBAT Option 2.

Option 2-Discharge flow reduction of27 percent from model flow, achievedthrough greater reuse and recycle ofwastewaters in addition to BPTtreatment, plus use of granular activatedcarbon to reduce residual organic toxicpollutants. This option is equivalent toBAT Option 5.

Option 3-Zero discharge ofwastewater pollutants.

Option 4-Discharge flow reduction offrom 25 percent to 50 percent of averageBPT flow, depending upon subcategory,achieved through greater reuse andrecycle of wastewaters in addition toBPT treatment. This option, which isbased upon the 1974 flow model and1974 subcategorization scheme, is theexisting NSPS.

2. Technology Basis for the NSPSRegulation. (a) NSPS Limits: EPA isretaining the existing NSPS which arebased on recycle and reuse technologyresulting in pollutant reductions thatrange from 25 to 50 percent beyond BPTremovals, depending upon thesubcategory. Regulated pollutants forNSPS are BOD5, total suspended solids,chemical oxygen demand, oil andgrease, total phenols (4AAP), ammonia(N), sulfide, total chromium, hexavalentchromium, and pH.

(b) Changes from Proposal: Theproposed NSPS regulation was based onOption 3. Upon reevaluation of theexisting data base and evaluation ofcomments received on the proposedregulation, EPA has decided not torevise the existing NSPS.

Option 3, zero discharge, was rejectedfor the following reasons. First, itgenerates significant adverse non-waterquality environmental impacts,including the production of largeamounts of solid waste and high energyconsumption. Second, EPA estimatesthat the annual costs of achieving zero


discharge are extremely high, especiallyin geographical areas of lowevapotranspiration which requiresenergy intensive forced evaporationtechniques. It would cost an estimated$4.6 million (1979 dollars) annually for a150,000 barrels per day new source ofrefinery in the cracking subcategory tocomply with a zero dischargerequirement. Third. only marginaladditional water pollution reductionbenefits would be achieved beyond theexisting NSPS requirement. Thequantities of pollutants that would beremoved daily are 2.46 pounds of totalphenols (4AAP), 3.9 pounds ofhexavalent chromium, 6 pounds of totalchromium, 308 pounds of totalsuspended solids, and 381 pounds ofBOD5. EPA believes that the high costsof implementing such requirementswould raise serious barriers to anydecision involving construction of a newsource refinery.

Other Options Considered

NSPS Option I is equivalent toproposed BAT Option 2. The technologyfor this option is the same as that for theexisting NSPS regulations-wastewaterrecycle and reuse technologies, inaddition to BPT end-of-pipe treatment.The Agency compared effluentreductions achievable by existing NSPSand this option. The analysis wasperformed on a model greenfield newsource refinery 1190,000 bbl/day), whichis classified as a "'Subcategory B"refinery as defined by the existingregulation ("cracking'). This modelrefinery was configured to correspondwith demand growth forecasts publishedby the Department of Energy (See theEconomic Analysis document.) Thiscomparison concluded that effluentreductions resulting from existing NSPSand this option are comparable. Thecosts to implement this option arecomparable to the existing NSPS. Non-water quality environmental impactsand energy requirements are alsocomparable to existing NSPS.Acoordingly, there would be no benefitin revising the existing NSPS option.

NSPS'Option 2 is equivalent toproposed BAT Option 5, which is basedon granular activated carbon JGAC)treatment as an end-of-pipe technology.For the reasons stated in the abovediscussion on BAT Option,5, the Agencybelieves that GAC treatment is not ademonstrated t~ohnology for thisindustry. Accordingly, the Agencyrejected Option 2 for this industry.

NSPS Option 4. is the existing NSPSlevel of control. t consists of recycleand reuse technologies to achieve flowreduction .of from 25 to 50 percent ofaverage BPT flow, depending upon the

subcategory. For the reasons discussedabove, after careful consideration of theoptions-proposed in 1979, together withthe public comments received, theAgency finds no reason for revisingcurrent NSPS. Accordingly, the existinglevel of NSPS, Option 4, is retained.

C. Final Pretreatment Standards forExisting Sources (PSES)

Interim final PSES was promulgatedby the Agency on March 23, 1977 (42 FR15684) and is currently in effect.Regulated pollutants are oil and grease(100 mg/I) and ammonia-N (100 mg/I)each on a daily maximum basis. EPA isretaining the existing PSES regulation,with-one modification. An alternativemass limitation for ammonia(N) isprovided for those indirect dischargerswhose discharge to the POTW consistssolely of sour waters.

1. Control Treatment OptionsConsidered. The control and treatmentoptions that EPA investigated for PSESin this industry are presented below.Options 1 and 2 were considered informulating the proposed rule. Option 3,the existing PSES level of control, wasreconsidered after publication of theproposed rule as a result of publiccomments received on it. As a result ofpublic comments, Option 3 also containsan alternative mass limitation forammonia(N).

Option -i-Chromium reduction by pHadjustment, precipitation andclarification technologies applied tosegregated cooling tower blowdown,plus control of oil and grease andammonia at the existing PSES level ofcontrol.

Option 2-Establish two sets ofpretreatment standards. The first wouldbe Option 1 control for refineriesdischarging to POTW with existing orplanned -secondary treatment. Thesecond would be Option 1 control plustreatment for total phenols based onbiological treatment for those refineriesdischarging to a POTW that has beengranted a waiver from secondarytreatment requirements under Section301(h) of the Act. EPA's proposedpretreatment standards for existingsources were based on this option. For afurther discussion see the 1979 proposedpetroleum refining regulation at 44 FR75935.

Option 3---:Reduction of oil and greaseand ammonia based on vil/waterseparation and steam strippingtechnologies. This option is the basis forthe existing interim final PSESregulation. An -alternative masslimitation for ammonia(N) is includedfor those indirect dischargers whosedischarge to the POTW consists solelyof "sour" waters. Sour waters generally

result from water brought into directcontact with a hydrocarbon stream, andcontain sulfides, ammonia and phenols.The Agency developed an alternativemass limitation for ammonia in responseto public comments received on theproposed regulation. Severalcommenters indicated that, when therefinery discharge to the POTW consistssolely of sour waters, the achievementof the 100 mg/1 ammonia concentrationlimitation is often not possible. This isbecause steam stripping technology, thebasis for the limitations, cannotconsistently reduce ammonia in sourwater streams to the 100 mg/I level.Thus, an equivalent mass limitation forammonia was developed by the Agency.

2. Technology Basis for the FinalPSES Options. (a) Final PSES Limits:EPA is retaining the existing PSESregulation. Regulated pollutants are oiland grease and ammonia(N), eachlimited at 100 mg/I on a daily maximumbasis. An alternative mass limitation forammonia-N is also provided asdescribed above.

(b) Changes from Proposal: Theproposed regulation was based onOption 2 for the PSES control level. EPAhas rejected Option 2 because it nowbelieves that-it is notfeasible and that itwould'be inappropriate to establishnational pretreatment standards thattake into account whether a dischargeruses a POTW which has received a301(h) waiver. Rather, the need for morerigorous pretreatment controls should beresolved on a case-by-case basis duringthe Section 301(h) waiver-process. Thisis because the level of treatmentproposed'by Seotion 301(h) applicantsvaries considerably, and the Section 301(h) process -entails the consideration ofsite-specific toxic pollutant problems.

Options 1 and 2 as proposed alsowould have established a chromiumlimitation for PSES. This limitation wasproposed to avoid concentration ofchromium in POTW sludge. At the timeof proposal, the Agency believed suchconcentrations would limit a POTW'suse or management alternatives of thesludge. Based upon review'of existinginformation and analysis of publiccomments on the proposal, EPA hasdetermined that this rationale is notvalid on a nationwide basis. For thisindustry, chromium levels in sludge fromPOTW reoeiving petroluem refinerywastes generally do not impact onsludge disposition or alternatives foruse. There are no Section 405 sludgestandards directed at concentrations ofchromium in the sludge. Accordingly,EPA has determined that the betterapproach is to leave-it to the 'POTW toestablish chromium pretreatment

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standards for existing sources if refinerywaste would limit their sludge disposalalternatives. The general pretreatmentregulations specifically provide POTW'swith this authority. (See 40 CFR 403.5).

EPA has investigated whether toxicpollutants "pass through" a POTW. TheAgency generally considers that there ispass through of a pollutant if the percentof the pollutant removal by a well-operated POTW achieving secondarytreatment is less than the percentremoved by the BAT model treatmenttechnology. Under this approach,chromium passes through a POTW. TheAgency's BAT model treatment systemremoves 86 percent of the chromiumwhile a well-operated POTW achievingsecondary treatment removes 65 percentof the chromium. In addition, under thisapproach the toxic pollutants identifiedin Appendix D-Parts II/III of thisFederal Register notice may passthrough a POTW.

As discussed under BAT Option 4above, the Agency found it infeasible inmany instances to segregate coolingtower blowdown for chromiumtreatment on an industrywide basis.Accordingly, EPA has determined thatimplementation of Option 1 for PSES isnot achievable on an industry-widebasis. As an alternative, treatment ofthe combined refinery waste stream forchromium removal would requireinstallation of most if not all of the BPTtreatment train. Installation of suchtreatment for all indirect dischargerswould cost an estimated $110 million incapital costs, with a total annual cost of$42 million in (1979 dollars). The Agencydid not propose requiring installation ofBPT-type treatment on an industry-widebasis for indirect dischargers. EPA didnot receive any comments during thepublic comment period suggesting sucha requirement. For the foregoingcombination of reasons, and given thecosts involved, EPA does not believeinstallation of the BPT treatment trainfor chromium removal for indirectdischargers is warranted.

The toxic pollutants listed inAppendix D of this preamble weredetected in petroleum refinery wastestreams that are discharged to POTWs.The Agency has decided not to establishPSES for these toxic pollutants in thisindustry for the following reasons:

The pollutants listed in Part I and PartII of Appendix D are excluded fromnational regulation in accordance withParagraph 8 of the SettlementAgreement because either they werefound to be susceptible to treatment bythe POTW and do not interfere with,pass through, or are not otherwiseincompatible with the POTW, or the

toxicity and amount of incompatiblepollutants are insignificant.

The pollutants listed in Part III ofAppendix D are excluded for severalreasons in accordance with Paragraph 8of the Settlement Agreement. First, thereis significant removal of some of thesepollutants by the existing oil/waterseparation technology used to complywith the pretreatment standard for oiland grease. Second, there is significantremoval of these pollutants by thePOTW treatment processes by airstripping and biodegredation. Third, theamount and toxicity of these pollutantsdoes not justify developing nationalpretreatment standards.

D. Final Pretreatment Standards forNew Sources (PSNS)

PSNS was promulgated by the Agencyon May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560) and iscurrently in effect. PretreatmentStandards for incompatible pollutantsare equivalent to NSPS.

1. Control Treatment OptionsConsidered The control and treatmentoptions that EPA investigated for PSNSin this industry are the same as thosepresented for PSES, as described above.Option I was selected as the basis forPSNS. As a result of public comment,the final PSNS contains an alternativemass limitation for ammonia(N).

Option 1-Chromium reduction by pHadjustment, precipitation andclarification technologies applied tosegregated cooling tower blowdown,plus control of oil and grease andammonia to 100 mg/1 each.

Otion 2-Establish two sets ofpretreatment standards as for PSESOption 2.

2. Technology Basis for the FinalPSNS. (a) Final PSNS Limits: EPA ispromulgating PSNS equivalent to Option1. Regulated pollutants are oil andgrease and ammonia(N), each limited at100 mg/1, on a daily maximum basis,and total chromium at the equivalent of1 mg/1 for the cooling tower dischargepart of the total refinery flow to thePOTW. An alternative mass limitationfor ammonia(N) is also provided, asdescribed above for PSES.

(b) Changes from Proposal: The finalPSNS limits are equal to Option 1, theoption selected at proposal. Chromiumwas selected for regulation for PSNSbecause: (1) It was determined to "passthrough" POTWs as described above;(2) treatment technology is availableand demonstrated; and (3] there are noretrofit problems or retrofit costsinvolved with implementing Option 1.

Alternative mass limitations forammonia(N) are also provided, asdiscussed previously.

Pretreatment costs for a typical newsource refinery are estimated to be$260,000 in capital costs and $190,000 inannual costs (1979 dollars).

VI. Costs and Economic Impacts

Executive Order 12291 requires EPAand other agencies to provide regulatoryimpact analyses for rules that result inan annual cost to the economy of 100million dollars or more or that meetother economic impact criteria. Inaddition, the Clean Water Act specifiesthat the Agency should consider thecosts and economic impacts inestablishing effluent limitations andstandards. The Agency does notconsider this final regulation to be amajor rule. This rulemaking satisfies therequirements of the Executive Order fora non-major rule.

The economic impact assessment ispresented in Economic Impact Analysisof Proposed Revised EffluentLimitations for the Petroleum RefiningIndustry (EPA). Copies of the analysiscan be obtained by contacting theNational Technical Information Service,5282 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22161 (703/487-4600).

BA T/PSES

EPA is making substantial changes tothe regulations that were proposed inDecember 1979. The limitationspromulgated today for existing sourcesdo not reflect any treatmentrequirements beyond BPT for existingdirect dischargers. For indirectdischargers the PSES promulgated todayis no more stringent than existingpretreatment standards already ineffect. Accordingly, EPA expects noincremental costs or impacts for existingplants from this rulemaking.

NSPS

EPA is not imposing any morestringent NSPS by today's action.Accordingly, today's action will notaffect the rate of entry of new refineriesinto the industry. Moreover, EPA doesnot expect the NSPS promulgated in1974 to change the rate of entry orgrowth of the industry. The Agencyexpects that if a firm decides to bring anew refinery on line, the control coststhat will be required to meet thesestandards are relatively small comparedto the total cost required to start agreenfield operation. The currenteconomic analysis was based on a.190,000 barrel per day refinery with aconfiguration appropriate for productionof gasoline, distillate fuels andpetrochemical feedstocks. There wouldessentially be no additional investmentrequired for meeting the current

Federal Register / Vol. 47,.o. 201i Monday, October 18, 1982 / lules and Regulations

standard beyond the BPT level ofcontrol. This is because the "add-on"recycle technology for the existing NSPScan be incorporated in the water supply,use, and treatment systems duringplanning and construction of the newsource. Therefore, this regulation isexpected to have negligible economiceffects on the industry.

Due to significant changes in theworld market for refined petroleumproducts, however, the Agency does notanticipate any new sources within thepetroleum refining category through1990. A refinery can be a new source if itis a "greenfield site" or if modificationof an existing plant is extensive enoughto be "substantially independent" of anexisting source. (See 45 FR 59343,September 9, 1980.) The Agency expectsthat in the latter case the control coststhat would be required to meet thesestandards would be less than the cost inthe case of a greenfield operation.

PSNSEPA believes that for indirect

dischargers the PSNS promulgatedtoday is no more stringent than existingPSNS. Under the existing PSNSchromium was subject to regulation on acase-by-case basis along with otherpollutants. The Agency expects that if afirm decides to bring a new indirectdischarger on line, the control cost thatwill be required to meet these standardsare relatively minor compared to thetotal investment cost for a new refineryand would not pose a barrier to entry.The Agency believes that where anexisting refinery is modified so that it isconsidered a new source, the costs forchromium treatment would not begreater than the costs for a greenfieldrefinery and the cost of chromiumtreatment would not be a significantfactor in the decision to modify thatrefihery.

Public Law 96-354 requires that aRegulatory Flexibility Analysis (RFA) beprepared for regulations proposed afterJanuary 1, 1981 that have a significanteffect on a substantial number of smallentities. This regulation was proposedon December 21, 1979. Therefore, aRegulatory Flexibility Analysis is notrequired. The Agency does not believethat this regulation will have asignificant impact on a substantialnumber of small entities

VII. Non-Water Quality EnvironmentalImpacts

Eliminating or reducing one form ofpollution may cause otherenvironmental problems. Sections 304(b)and 306 of the Act require EPA toconsider the non-water qualityenvironmental impacts (including energy

requirements) of certain regulations. Incompliance with these provisions, weconsidered the effect of this regulationon air pollution, solid waste generation,water scarcity, and energy consumption.This regulation was circulated to andreviewed by EPA personnel responsiblefor non-water quality programs. While itis difficult to balance pollution problemsagainst each other and against energyuse, we believe that this regulation willbest serve often competing nationalgoals.

The following non-water qualityenvironmental impacts (including energyrequirements) are associated with thefinal regulation. The Administrator hasdetermined that the impacts identifiedbelow are justified by the benefitsassociated with compliance with thelimitations and standards.

A. Air Pollution

The petroleum refining regulationswill not result in any additional airquality impacts beyond those fromcompliance with existing regulations.

B. Solid Waste

The petroleum refining regulationswill not result in any additional solidwaste impacts beyond those fromcompliance with existing regulations.

C. Consumptive Water Loss

The petroleum refining regfilationswill not result in any additional waterconsumption beyond that fromcompliance with existing regulations.

D. Energy Requirements

The petroleum refining regulationswill not result in any additional energyrequirements beyond those forcompliance with existing regulations.

VIII. Pollutants and Subcategories NotRegulated

The Settlement Agreement containsprovisions authorizing the exclusionfrom regulation, in certaincircumstances, of toxic pollutants andindustry categories and subcategories.

A. Exclusion of Pollutants

Paragraph 8(a)(iii) of the' SettlementAgreement authorizes the Administratorto exclude the following toxic pollutantsfrom regulation: (a) Those not detectableby Section 304(h) analytical methods orother state-of-the-art methods; (b) thosepresent in amounts too small to beeffectively reduced by availabletechnologies; (c) those present only intrace amounts' and neither causing norlikely to cause toxic effects; (d) thosedetected in the effluent from only asmall mumber of sources within asubcategory and uniquely related to

those sources; and (e) those that will beeffectively controlled by thetechnologies on which other effluentlimitations and standards are based.

The toxic pollutants excluded fromregulation in all subcategories becausethey were not detectable by Section304(h) analytical methods or other state-of-the-art methods are listed inAppendix A for direct dischargers andAppendix B for indirect dischargers

The toxic pollutants that will beeffectively controlled by thetechnologies on which other effluentlimitations and standards are based arelisted in Appendix C for directdischargers.

B. Exclusion of Subcategories

Paragraph 8(b) of the SettlementAgreement authorizes the Administratorto exclude from regulation a category if:(i) 95 percent or more of all pointsources in the subcategory introduceinto POTWs only pollutants which aresusceptible to treatment by the POTWand which do not interfere with, do notpass through, or are not otherwiseincompatible with such treatmentworks; or (ii) the toxicity and amount ofthe incompatible pollutants introducedby such point sources into POTWs is soinsignificant as not to justify developinga pretreatment regulation. Thepollutants excluded under Paragraphs8(b)(i), 8(b)(ii), and 8(a) are listed inAppendix D for indirect dischargers.

IX. Responses to Major Comments

This section contains responses tothose issues raised in a large number ofthe comments received and which affectall subcategories. The originalcomments and a summary of thecomments received and our detailedresponses to all comments are includedin a report "Responses to PublicComments, Proposed Petroleum RefiningEffluent Guidelines and Standards",which is included in the public recordfor this regulation.

Most of the commenters criticized theneed for further control beyond existingBPT and NSPS and the alleged technicalinadequacy of data to support theproposed regulations. Since the Agencyhas decided to promulgate BATequivalent to BPT retain the existingNSPS and retain the existing PSESregulation (with an alternative masslimitation provided for ammonia (N)),EPA believes it unnecessary to addressin detail many of the comments in thispreamble. A brief summary ofsignificant comments received by theAgency, together with the Agency'sresponses, is set forth-below:A. Regulation Beyond the BPT Level

Many of the commenters indicated

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that further control beyond BPT isunwarranted since BPT technologyalready reduces significant quantities oftoxics.

The Agency agrees with thecommenters that BPT technologyalready removes significant quantities oftoxic and other pollutants and is thuspromulgating BAT equal to BPT. One ofthe many factors considered informulating the final rule are the verylow pollutant levels in BPT effluents andthe overall effectiveness and efficiencyof the treatment systems already inplace in removing toxic and otherpollutants.

Other commenters argued for BAT tobe promulgated at the proposed BATlevel or a more stringent level, includingzero discharge or separate treatment ofcooling water discharges. The reasonsfor not adopting levels of treatment arediscussed in Section V above.

The proposed requirement forseparate treatment of cooling towerblowdown for existing dischargers wasnot adopted as a result of publiccomments received. In addition, theAgency performed a study whichevaluated the cost and feasibility ofimplementing recycle and reusetechnologies. The study (Recycle/ReuseStudy referenced in Section IV)indicated that the collection of all thecooling tower-water is infeasible inmany existing refineries because ofleaks and auxiliary uses and thussupports the Agency's decision not toimpose this requirement.

Several commenters argued that theproposed zero discharge requirement fornew sources has questionable effluentreduction benefits and the Agency didnot consider the benefit/cost ratio ofzero discharge. The factors that led tothe Agency's decision to retain theexisting NSPS are discussed in SectionV.B. Pretreatment Standards for POTWwith § 301(h) Waivers

Some commenters argued that EPAhas no authority to establish morestringent pretreatment standards forrefineries that discharge to POTW withSection 301(h) waivers.

Although the Agency does not agreewith these commenters, we havedecided to change the proposedapproach and establish one set ofpretreatment standards for all indirectdischargers in this industry. Thisindustrial category is the only one forwhich EPA proposed separatepretreatment standards for indirectdischargers whose wastes go to POTWswith § 301(h) waivers. The Agencywould like to gain more experience with§ 301(h) applicants before considering a

two-tier pretreatment requirement.Added experience will enable theAgency to decide whether control oftoxics should be effectuated throughrequirements imposed on POTW duringthe § 301(h) waiver process or byrevised pretreatment standards.

C. Pretreatment Standards for HydrogenSulfide and Mercaptans

A few commenters indicated thathydrogen sulfide and mercaptans cancause dEmage to the wastewatercollection systems and can causesignificant odor problems at thetreatment plant if not removed.Pretreatment standards wererecommended.

Pretreatment standards adopted todaylimit ammonia to 100 mg/l. Thetechnology for control of ammonia issteam stripping, the same technologyrequired for sulfide removal. TheAgency therefore believes that thetechnology for control of ammonia willalso control sulfide and therefore that itis not necessary to establish separatepretreatment standards for sulfide.Mercaptans were not found to be aproblem warranting national regulation.Any POTW experiencing problemscaused by mercaptans should imposethe appropriate pretreatment standardson a case-by-case basis.

D. Total Phenol (4AAP)

Several commenters indicated thatEPA has incorrectly assumed that totalphenols as determined by the 4-aminoantipyrine method (4AAP) is atoxic pollutant in this industry.

The Agency agrees. Total phenols(4AAP) measures many compounds,including the phenolic compounds thatare on the Agency's list of prioritypollutants. Because the 4AAP methodmeasures more compounds than just theCC/MS compounds, it does not providean accurate quantification of the toxicpollutant phenol (GC/MS). Thus, totalphenols (4AAP) is considered a non-conventional pollutant for this industry.

E. Regulation of Toxic OrganicsIt wa3 argued that EPA should

promulgate effluent limitationsguidelines for specific toxic pollutantssuch as methylene chloride, carbontetrachloride, mercury, ethylbenzene,naphthalene, 2-4 dimethylphenol,benzene, and toluene.

The Agency has concluded that thelevels of these pollutants detected inthis industry do not warrant industry-wide regulation. Mercury was found ineffluents from BPT treatment systemsduring the Agency's sampling programsat an average concentration of less than1 ppb. Methylene chloride was detectedin BPT effluents, but is a contaminantinherent in the analyses of organic

compounds. Thus, it is difficult todetermine the amounts discharged byrefinery operations. Ethylbenzene,naphthalene, 2,4-dimethylphenol,benzene, toluene, and carbontetrachloride were either not detected inBPT treated wastewaters or werepresent at average concentrations thatwere at or less than the level ofquantification, which is nominally 10ppb.F. Indicator and Surrogate Pollutants.

Comments were received fromindustry and private citizens on thepossible use of indicator or surrogatepollutant limitations. Most of thecomments were not favorable. Theindustry commenters argued thatindicator limitations, if necessary,should be developed on a case-by-casebasis. Industry also questioned the useof total organic carbon (TOC), chemicaloxygen demand (COD), and BPT-limitedpollutant parameters as indicators fortoxic pollutants because theconcentration of toxics are severalorders of magnitude smaller than that ofsuch traditional pollutants. The privatecitizens felt that the Agency should limitthe toxics directly instead of relying onindicators. Additionally, manycommenters pointed out the difficulty inusing the BPT pollutant parameters asindicators of toxic pollutants.

In the Solicitation of Commentssection of the preamble to the 1979proposal (40 FR 45941), the Agencyrequested comments on the possibilityof regulating toxic pollutants withlimitations on indicator pollutants.While EPA recognizes that therelationship between "indicator" andtoxic pollutants may not be quantifiableon a one-to-one basis, we believecontrol of the "indicator" pollutantswould reasonably assure control oftoxic pollutants with similar physicaland chemical properties.

Subsequent to the 1979 proposal, theAgency conducted a sampling programat two refineries for a period of sixtydays to determine whether an indicator/surrogate relationship existed betweenthe BPT pollutant parameters and thetoxics. The results of the study confirmthe difficulties of using such parametersand indicates that a statisticallysignificant correlation betweencandidate surrogate/indicatorparameters and toxic pollutantparameters does not exist for thisindustry. The Agency, therefore, decidednot to issue limitations for indicator orsurrogate pollutants in this rule.

Specific toxic pollutants other thanchromium are not regulated by today'srule for reasons presented in Sections Vand VIII of this preamble.

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G. New Source Construction

It was argued that there is no basis forEPA's statements that no new refinerieswill be entering the industry.Commenters stated that new refineriesare currently being planned, such as theone in Portsmouth, Virginia.

The U.S. refining industry hasexperienced a dramatic reversal ofhistorical growth trends as a result ofthe reduction in consumption ofpetroleum products that has taken placesince 1978. U.S. crude oil runs peaked at14.7 million barrels per day in thecalendar year 1978. Runs havedecreased each year since then reaching12.5 million barrels per day for thecalendar year 1981. In early 1982 runsdropped to below 11.5 million barrelsper day-representing percentagecapacity utilizations in the low 60's. The1981 DOE Annual Report to Congresspredicts production to regain strength to14.4 million barrels per day in 1985 and13.4 million barrels per day by 1990. TheAgency believes that these forecasts ofU.S. refinery activity indicate that it isunlikely that any new refinery facilitieswill be built at undeveloped sites overthe next decade, including thePortsmouth, Virginia site which hasbecome uneconomical and is notexpected to be built. However, it will benecessary for U.S. refiners to modernizeand expand downstream facilities atexisting refinery sites to allowincreasingly heavier and higher sulfurcrude oils to be processed into a productmix which emphasizes production of thelighter 'and higher quality products thatwill be demanded by the marketplace.This modernization process is notexpected to be sufficiently independentto be considered a new source.

X. Best Management Practices

Section 304(e) of the Clean Water Actgives the Administrator authority toprescribe "best management practices"(BMPs).

Although EPA is not establishingBMPs at this time, we are consideringdevelopment of BMPs specific to thepetroleum refining industry. Numerousproblem areas are known exist,including leaks and spills, storm watercontamination, groundwater infiltrationfrom storage areas and on-site solidwaste disposal. Section VII of thedevelopment document describespossible BMP's for this industry. Thisinformation can guide the permittingagency in developing case-by-caseBMPs for NPDES permits.

XI. Upset and Bypass Provisions

A recurring issue of concern has beenwhether industry guidelines shouldinclude provisions authorizingnoncompliance with effluent limitations

during periods of "upset" or "bypass."An upset, sometimes called an"excursion", is an unintentionalnoncompliance occurring for reasonsbeyond the reasonable control of thepermittee. It has been argued that anupset provision is necessary in EPA'seffluent limitations because such upsetswill inevitably occur even in properlyoperated control equipment. Becausetechnology based limitations requireonly what technology can achieve, it isclaimed that liability for such situationsis improper. When confronted with thisissue, courts have disagreed on whether.an explicit upset or excursion exemptionis necessary, or whether upset orexcursion incidents may be handledthrough EPA's exercise of enforcementdiscretion. Compare Marathon Oil Co. v.EPA, 564 F. 2d 1253 (9th Cir. 1977) withWeyerhaeuser v. Costle, 590 F. 2d 1011(D.C. Cir., 1978), and Corn RefinersAssociation, et al. v. Castle, 594 F. 2d1223 (8th Cir., 1979). See also AmericanPetroleum Institute v. EPA, 540 F. 2d1023 (10th Cir. 1976); CPC International,Inc. v. Train, 540 F. 2d 1320 (8th Cir.1976); and FMC Corp. v. Train, 539 F. 2d973 (4th Cir. 1976).

A bypass is an act of intentionalnoncompliance during which wastetreatment facilities are circumventedbecause of an emergency situation. EPAhas in the past included bypassprovisions in NPDES permits.

The Agency has determined that bothupset and bypass provisions should beincluded in NPDES permits and haspromulgated Consolidated PermitRegulations which include upset andbypass permit provisions [see 40 CFR122.60, 45 FR 33290, May 19, 1980]. Theupset provision establishes an upset asan affirmative defense to prosecution forviolation of technology-based effluentlimitations. The bypass provisionauthorizes bypassing to prevent loss oflife,. personal injury, or severe propertydamage. Consequently, althoughpemittees in the petroleum refiningindustry will be entitled to upset andbypass provisions in NPDES permits, thefinal petroleum refining regulations donot address these issues.

XII. Variances and Modifications

Upon the promulgation of theregulations the effluent limitations forthe appropriate subcategory must beapplied in all Federal and State NPDESpermits thereafter issued to directdischargers in the petroleum refiningindustry. In addition, uponpromulgation, the pretreatmentlimitations are applicable to any indirectdischargers.-

For the BPT effluent limitations, theonly exception to the binding limitations

is EPA's "fundamentally differentfactors" variance. See E. I. du Pont deNemours & Co. v. Train, 430 U.S. 112(1977); Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Costle,supra. This variance recognizes factorsconcerning a particular discharger thatare fundamentally different from thefactors considered in this rulemaking.Although this variance clause was setforth in EPA's 1973-1976 industryregulations, it is now included in theNPDES regulations and is referenced bycitation in the petroleum refining orother industry regulations. See theNPDES regulations at 40 CFR Part 125,Subpart D.

The BAT limitations in this regulationare also subject to EPA's"fundamentally different factors"variance. BAT limitations fornonconventional pollutants are subjectto modifications under Sections 301(c)and 301(g) of the Act. These statutorymodifications do not apply to toxic orconventional pollutants. According toSection 301(j)(1)(B), applications forthese modifications must be filed within270 days after promulgation of finaleffluent limitations guidelines. See 43 FR40895, September 13, 1978.

Pretreatment standards for existingsources are subject to the"fundamentally different factors"variance and credits for pollutantsremoved by POTW. (See 40 CFR 403.7,403.13; 43 FR 27736 (June 26, 1978)).

Pretreatment standards for newsources are subject only to the creditsprovision in 40 CFR 403.7. NSPS are notsubject to EPA's "fundamentallydifferent factors" variance or anystatutory or regulatory modifications.See E. I duPont de Nemours and Co. v.Train, supra.

XIII. Relationship to NPDES Permits

The BAT limitations in this regulationwill be applied to individual petroleumrefineries through NPDES permits issuedby EPA or approved state agencies,under Section 402 of the Act. Asdiscussed in the preceding section ofthis preamble, these limitations must beapplied in all Federal and State NPDESpermits except to extent that variancesand modifications are expresslyauthorized. Other aspects of theinteraction between these limitationsand NPDES permits are discussedbelow.

One issue that warrants considerationiis the effect of this regulation on thepowers of NPDES permit-issuingauthorities. The promulgation of thisregulation does not restrict the power ofany permitting authority to act in anymanner consistent with law or these orany other EPA regulations, guidelines, or

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policy. For example, even if thisregulation does not control a particularpollutant, the permit issuer may stilllimit such pollutant on a case-by-casebasis when limitations are necessary tocarry out the purposes of the Act. Inaddition, to the extent that State waterquality standards or other provisions ofState or Federal law require limitationof pollutants not covered by thisregulation (or require more stringentlimitations on covered pollutants), suchlimitations must be applied by thepermit-issuing authority.

A second topic that warrantsdiscussion is the operation of EPA'sNPDES enforcement program, manyaspects of which were considered indeveloping this regulation. Although theClean Water Act is a strict liabilitystatute, the initiation of enforcementproceedings by EPA is discretionary.EPA has exercised and intends toexercise that discretion in a manner thatrecognizes and promotes good-faithcompliance efforts and conservesenforcement resources for those who failto make good-faith efforts to complywith the Act.

XIV. Public Participation

Numerous agencies and groups haveparticipated during the development ofthese effluent limitations guidelines andstandards. Following the publication ofthe proposed rules on December 21,1979, in the Federal Register, EPAprovided the development documentsupporting the proposed rules toindustry, Government agencies, and thepublic sector for comments. Fivetechnical workshops were held on theproposed rulemaking. On April 9, 1980,in Washington, D.C., a public hearingwas held on the proposed pretreatmentstandards.

The individuals and organizationsthat submitted written comments duringthe comment period on the proposedregulation are listed in Appendix A ofthis preamble.

All comments received have beencarefully considered, and appropriatechanges in the regulations have beenmade whenever available data andinformation supported those changes.Major issues raised by commenters areaddressed in Section IX of thispreamble. A summary of all thecomments received and our detailedresponses to all comment§ are includedin a report "Responses to PublicComments, Proposed Petroleum RefiningEffluent Guidelines and Standards,"which is a part of the public record forthis regulation. This report, along withthe rest of the public record, will beavailable for public review four weeksafter the effective date in EPA's Public

Information Reference Unit, Room 2004(Rear), (EPA Library), 401 M Street,S.W., Washington, D.C.

XV. Small Business Administration(SBA) Financial Assistance

The Agency is continuing toencourage small manufacturers to useSmall Business Administration (SBA])

-financing as needed for pollution controlequipment. Three basic programs are ineffect: the Guaranteed Pollution ControlBond Program, the Section 503 Program,and the Regular Guarantee Program. Allthe SBA loan programs are open only tobusinesses with net assets less than $6million, with an average annual after-tax income of less than $2 million, andwith fewer than 250 employees.

The guaranteed pollution control bondis a full faith and credit instrument witha tax free feature, making this programthe most favorable. The program appliesto projects that cost from $150,000 to$2,000,000.

The Section 503 Program, as amendedin July 1980, allows for long-term loansto small- and medium-sized businesses.These loans are made by SBA-approvedlocal development companies, which forthe first time are authorized to issueGoverrment-backed debentures that arebought by the Federal Financing Bank,an arm of the U.S. Treasury.

Through SBA's Regular GuaranteeProgram, loans are made available bycommercial banks and are guaranteedby the SBA. This program has interestrates equivalent to market rates.

For additional information on theRegular Guarantee and Section 503Programs contact your district or localSBA Office. The coordinator at EPAheadquarters is Ms. Frances Dessellewho may be reached at (202) 426-7874.

For further information and specificson the Guaranteed Pollution ControlBond Program contact: U.S. SmallBusiness Administration, Office ofPollution Control Financing, 4040 NorthFairfax Drive, Rosslyn, Virginia 22203,(703) 235-2902.

XVI. Availability of TechnicalAssistance

The major documents upon whichthese regulations are based are: (1) TheDevelopment Document for EffluentLimitations Guidelines, New SourcePerformance Standards, andPretreatment Standards for thePetroleum Refining Point SourceCategory (EPA 440/1-82/014; (2) a reportentitled Long Term Monitoring DataCollection Survey for the PetroleumRefining Industry (public record); (3) areport entitled Wastewater RecycleStudy, Petroleum Refining Industry(public record); (4) Economic Analysis

of Promulgated Effluent Standards andLimitations for the Petroleum RefiningIndustry (EPA 440/2-82/007); (5) publiccomments received by the Agency onthe studies upon which the proposedregulations were based; and (6) thedevelopment document supporting theproposed regulations. A summary of the'public comments received on theproposed regulation is presented in areport "Responses to Public CommentsProposed Petroleum Refining EffluentGuidelines and Standards", which is apart of the public record for thisregulation.

The regulation was submitted to theOffice of Management and Budget forreview as required by Executive Order12291.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 419

Petroleum, Water pollution control,Waste treatment and disposal.

Dated: September 30, 1982.John W. flernandez,A ting A tmiui.i'rIarwr.

XVII. Appendices

Appendix A.-Priority Pollutants NotDetected in Treated Effluents DischargedDirectly, and Excluded From Regulation

Pursuant to Paragraph 8[a][iii} of theSettlement Agreement, the following 98priority pollutants are excluded from nationalregulation because they were not detected ineffluents from BIPT treatment systems bySection 304(h) analytical methods or otherstate-of-the-art methods:

EPANo. Priority pollutant

2 acrolein3 acrylonitrile5 benzidine6 carbon tetrachloride7 chlorobonzene8 1,2.4-trichlorobenzene9 hexachlorobenzene

10 1,2-dichloroethane11 1,1,1-trichloroethane12 hexachloroothane13 1,1-dichloroethane14 1.1,2-trichloroethane15 1.1,2.2-tetrachloroethane16 chloroethane18 bis(2-chloroethy) ether19 2-chloroethylvinyl ether20 2-chloronaphthalene21 2.4,6-tichlorophenol24 2-chlorophenol25 1.2-dichlorobenzene26 1.3.dichlorobenzene27 1.4-dichlorobenzene28 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine29 1.1-dichloroethylene30 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene32 1,2-dichloropropane33 1,3-dlchloroptopylene34 2,4-dimethylphenol35 24-dinitrotoluene36 2,6.dinitrotoluene37 1.2-diphenylhydrazine38 ethylbenzene39 fluoranthene40 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether41 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether42 bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether43 bisl2-chloroethoxy) methane


EPA EPriority pollutantNO.

45 methyl chloride46 methyl bromide47 bromotorm48 dichlorobromomethane51 chlorodibromomethane52 hexachlorobutadiene53 hexachlorocyclopentadiene54 ,sophorone55 naphthalene56 nitrobenzene57 2-vtrophenol58 4-nitrophenol59 2.4-dinitrophenot60 4.6-dinitro-o-cresof61 N-nitrosodimethylamine62 N-nitrosodiphenylTamine63 N-nitrosodi-n-propytamine64 pentachlorophenol65 phenol67 butyl benzyl phthatate69 di-n-octyl phthalate72 benzo(a)anthracene74 3,4-benzottuoranthene75 benzo(k)fluoranthane77 acenaphthylene78 anthracene79 benzo(ghi)perylene80 fluorene82 dibenzo(ah)anthracene83 idenoDt,2,3-cd)pyrene85 tetrachloroethylane87 trichloroethylene88 vinyl chloride89 aldrin90 dieldrin91 chlordane92 4,4'-DDT93 4,4'-DDE94 4,4*-DDD95 alpha-endosullan96 beta-endosullan97 endosultan sulfate98 endrin99 endrin aldehyde

100 heptachlor101 heptachlor epoide102 alpha-BHC103 beta-BHC104 gamma-BHC105 delta-BHC106 PCB-1242107 PC8-1254108 I PCB-1221109 PCB-1232110 PCB-1248111 PCB-1260112 PCB-1016113 toxaphene114 antimony (total)116 asbestos129 |2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

Appendix B.-Priority Pollutants not

Detected in Effluents Discharged To POTWs,and Excluded From Regulation

Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii] of the

Settlement Agreement, the following 75priority pollutants are excluded from nationalregulation because they were not detected bySection 304(h) analytical methods or otherstate-of-the-art methods in effluentsdischarged to POTWs:

Priority pollutant

acrylontrilebenzidnecarbon tetrachloride1.2,4-tric hlorobenze nehexachlorobenzenehexachloroethane1.1-dichloroethare1,1.2-trichloroethane1,1.2.2-tetrachloroethanechloroethanebis(2-choroethyl) ether

EPANo. Priority pollutant

19 2-chloroethylvinyl ether20 2-choronaphthalene21 2,4,6,trichlorophenol22 parachlorometa cresol25 1,2-dichlorobenzene26 1 3-dichlorobenzene27 1,4-dichlorobenzene28 3.3'-dichlorobenzidine29 1,1-dichloroethylone31 2.4-dichlorophenol32 1,2-dichloropropane33 1,3-dichloropropylene35 2,4-dinitrotoluene36 2.6-dinitrotoluene37 1,2-diphenylhydrazine41 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether42 bis(2-chloroisopropy) ether43 bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane44 methylene chloride45 methyl chloride46 methyl bromide47 bromoform51 chlarodlbromomethane52 hexachlorobtadiene53 hexachlorocyclopentadie56 nitrobenzene61 N-nitrosodimethylamine62 N-nitrosodiphenylamine63 N-nitrosodi-n-propylami66 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phtha69 d-n-octyl phthalate71 dimethyl phthalate74 3,4-benzofluoranthene75 benzo (k) fluoranthane79 benzo (ghi) perylene82 dibenzo (a,h) anthracene83 ideno (1,2,3-C,D) pyrene87 trichloroethylene88 vinyl chloride90 dieldrin91 chlordane94 4,4'-DD95 alpha-endosulfan97 endosulfan sulfate98 endrin99 endrin aldehyde

100 heptachlor101 heptachlor epoxice102 alpha-eHc103 beta-BHC104 gamma.BHC (lindane)106 PCB-1242107 PCP-1254108 PCB-1221109 PCB-1232110 PGB-1248111 PCB-1260112 PCB-1016113 toxaphene114 antimony (total)116 asbestos126 silver (total)127 thallium (total)129 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

Appendix C.-Priority Pollutants Detected inTreated Effluents Discharged Directly, butExcluded From Regulation

1. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii] of theSettlement Agreement, the following 25priority pollutants are excluded from nationalregulation because they are alreadyeffectively controlled by technologies uponwhich other effluent limitations andguidelines are based: .

Priority pollutant

acenaphthenebenzeneparachlorometacresolchloroform2.4-dichlorophenoldi-n-butyl phthalatediethyl phthalatedimethyl phthalate

EPA Priority pollutantNo.

73 benzo(a)pyrene76 chrysene81 phenanthrene84 pyrene86 toluene

115 arsenic117 beryllium118 cadmium120 copper121 cyanide122 lead123 mercury124 nickel125 selenium126 siver127 thallium128 zinc

I

II. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a](iiil of theSettlement Agreement, the following twopriority pollutants are excluded from nationaIregulation because their detection is believedto be attributed to laboratory analysis andsample contamination:

EpNo. Priority pollutant

44 methylene chloride66 bis(2.ethylhexyl) phthalate

Appendix D.-Priority Pollutants Detected in

Effluents Discharged to POTWe, butExcluded From Regulation

1. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(b)(i} of the

Settlement Agreement, the following 5priority pollutants are excluded fromregulation because 95 percent or more of allpoint sources in the subcategory introduceinto POTWs only pollutants which aresusceptible to treatment by the POTW andwhich do not interfere with, do not passthrough, or are not otherwise incompatiblewith such treatment works:


24 2-chlorophenol57 2-nitrophenol77 acenaphthylene80 fluorene

125 selenium

11. Pursuant to paragraph B(b)(ii) of theSettlement Agreement, the following 33priority pollutants are excluded fromregulation because the amount and toxicity of'each pollutant does not justify developingnational regulations:


2 acroein7 chlorobenzene

10 1,2-dichloroethaneI 1 1,1.1-trichloroethane23 chloroform30 1,24rans-dichloroethytene39 fluoranthene40 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether48 dichlorbromomethane60 4.6. dinitro-o-cresol64 pentachlorophenol67 butyl benzyt phthalate68 di-n-butty phthalate

46445

46446 Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 201 /' Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations

EPA Priority pollutantNO.

70 diethyl phthalate72 benzo(a)anthracene73 benzo(a)pyrene76 chrysene84 pyrene85 tetrachloroethylone89 alden92 4,4'-DDT93 4,4'-DDE96 beta endosulfan

105 delta BHC115 arsenic117 beryllium118 cadmium120 copper121 cyanide122 lead123 mercury124 nickel128 zinc

Ill. Pursuant to Paragraphs 8(a)(iii), 8(a)(iv].and 8(b) of the Settlement Agreement, thefollowing 12 priority pollutants are excludedfrom regulation for a combination of reasons.First, there is significant removal of some ofthese pollutants by the existing pretreatmentstandards for oil and grease; second, there issignificant removal of all these pollutants bythe POTW treatment system; and thirdly, theamount and toxicity of the pollutants doesnot justify developing national pretreatmentstandards.

EPA

No. Priority pollutant

1 acenaphthene4 benzene

34 2,4-dimethylphenol38 ethylbenzene54 isophorone55 naphthalene58 4-nitrophenol59 2,4-dinitrophenol65 phenol78 anthracene81 phenanthrene86 toluene

Appendix E.-Abbreviations, Acronyms andOther Terms Used in This Notice

Act-The Clean Water ActAgency-The U.S. Environmental Protection

AgbncyBAT-The best available technology

economically achievable, under Section304(bH2)(B} of the Act

BCT-The best conventional pollutantcontrol technology, under Section304(b)(4) of the Act

BMP-Best management practices underSection 304(e) of the Act

BOD5-Five day biochemical oxygen demandBPT-The best practicable control technology

currently available, under Section304(b)(1) of the Act

COD-Chemical oxygen demandClean Water Act-The Federal Water

Pollution Control Act Amendments of1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), as amendedby the Clean Water Act of 1977 (Pub. L.95-217)

Direct discharger-A facility whichdischarges or may discharge pollutantsinto waters of the United States

Indirect discharger-A facility whichdischarges or may discharge pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment works

kg/m 3--Kilograms per cubic meterlb/bbl--Pounds per barrel (one barrel equals

42 gallons)mg/Il-Milligrams per literNPDES permit-A national pollutant

discharge elimination system permitissued under section 402 of the Act

NSPS-New source performance standards,under section 304 of the Act

ppb--Parts per billionPOTW-Publicly owned treatment worksPSES--Pretreatment standards for existing

sources of indirect discharges, undersection 307(b) of the Act

PSNS-Pretreatment standards for newsources of direct discharges, undersection 307 (b) and (c) of the Act

RCRA--Resource Conservation andRecovery Act (Pub. L. 94-580) of 1976,Amendments to Solid Waste DisposalAct

TOC-rotal organic carbonTSS-Total suspended solids.g/l-Micrograms per liter

40 CFR Part 419 is revised to read asfollows:

PART 419-PETROLEUM REFININGPOINT SOURCE CATEGORY

Subpart A-Topping SubcategorySec.419.10 Applicability; description of the

topping subcategory.419.11 Specialized definitions.419.12 Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best practicable control technologycurrently available.

419.13 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofbest available technology economicallyachievable.

419.14 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology. [Reserved]

419.15 Pretreatment standards for existingsources.

419.16 Standards of performance for newsources.

419.17 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

Subpart B-Cracking Subcategory419.20 Applicability; description of the

cracking subcategory.419.21 Specialized definitions.419.22 Effluent limitations guidelines


419.23 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best available technologyeconomically achievable.

419.24 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluent

Sec.reduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology. [Reserved]




Subpart C-Petrochemical Subcategory419.30 Applicability; description of the

petrochemical subcategory.419.31 Specialized definitions.419.32 Effluent limitations guidelines



419.34 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology. [Reserved)




Subpart D-Lube Subcategory419.40 Applicability; description of the lube

subcategory.419.41 Specialized definitions.419.42 Effluent limitations guidelines



419.44 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology. [Reserved]




Subpart E-Integrated Subcategory419.50 Applicability; description of the

integrated subcategory.419.51 Specialized definitions.419.52 Effluent limitations guidelines




Sec.419.54 Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology. [Reserved]




Authority: Secs. 301, 304 (b), (c). (e), and(g). 306 (b) and (c). 307 (b) and (c), and 501 ofthe Clean Water Act (the Federal WaterPollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 asamended by the Clean Water Act of 1977)(the "Act"); 33 U.S.C. 1311, 1314 (b), (c). (e),and (g), 1316 (b) and (c), 1317 (b) and (c), and1361; 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L 92-500;, 91 Stat. 1567,Pub. L 95-217.

Subpart A-Topping Subcategory

§ 419.10 Applicability; description of thetopping subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart applyto discharges from any facility thatproduces petroleum products by the useof topping and catalytic reforming,whether or not the facility includes anyother process in addition to topping andcatalytic reforming. The provisions ofthis subpart do not apply to facilitiesthat include thermal processes (coking,vis-breaking, etc.) or catalytic cracking.

§ 419.11 Specialized definitions.For the purpose of this subpart:(a) Except as provided below, the

general definitions, abbreviations, andmethods of analysis set forth in Part 401of this chapter shall apply to thissubpart.

(b) The term "runoff" shall mean theflow of storm water.(c) The term "ballast" shall mean the

flow of waters, from a ship, that istreated along with refinery wastewatersin the main treatment system.(d) The term "feedstock" shall mean

the crude oil and natural gas liquids fedto the topping units.

(e) The term "once-through coolingwater" shall mean those watersdischarged that are used for the purposeof heat removal and that do not comeinto direct contact with any rawmaterial, intermediate, or finishedproduct.

(f) The following abbreviations shallbe used: (1) Mgal means one thousandgallons; (2) Mbbl means one thousandbarrels (one barrel is equivalent to 42gallons).

§ 419.12 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best practicable control technologycurrently available (BPT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-32, any existing point source

subject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best practicable controltechnology currently available (BPr):

aPT Effluent Umitations

Average ofPollutant or pollutant property daily values

Pollutat for for 30any 1 day consecutive

days shallnot exceed

Metric units (kilograms per1,000 m

3 of feedstock)

BOD5 .......................................... 22.7 12.0TSS ...........................................- 15.8 10.1COD I ......................... ............... 117.0 60.3Oil and grease .......................... 6.9 3.7Phenolic compounds .................. 0.168 0.076Ammonia as N ........................... 2,81 1.27Sulfide .............................. 0.149 0.068Total chromium............... 0.345 0.20Hexavalent chromium............ 0.028 0.012PH ........... . ......... .... .................. V " 1 (1)

English units (pounds per1,000 bbl of feedstock)

805 . ......................... .. 8.0 4.25TSS .............. ........ 5.6 3.6COD .............. 41.2 21.3Oil and grease ............................ 2.5 1.3Phenolic compounds ................... 0.060 0.027Ammonia as N .................. .. 0.99 0.45Sulfide .................... 0.53 0.24Total chromium ................. 0.122 0.071Hexavalant chromium .................. 0.10 0.0044pH .................................................. (1) (1)

ISee footnote following Table in § 419,43(c).'Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.

(b) The limits set forth in paragraph(a) of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any one day andmaximum average of daily values forthirty consecutive days.

(1) Size factor.

Size1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day factor

Less than 24.9 ........................................................... 1.0225.0 to 49.9 ............................................. 1.0650.0 to 74.9 ....................... . . . ........ 1.1675.0 to 99.9 ........... . . . ......... 1.26100 to 124.9 ............................................................... 1.38125.0 to 149.9 ...................... 1.50150.0 or greater .................................................... 1.57

(2) Process factor.

Process configuration Processfactor

Less than 2.49 ....... ............................. 0.622.5 to 3.49 ................................................................ 0.673.5 to 4.49. . . ........................... 0.804.5 to 5.49 ........................................................... 0.955.5 to 5.99 .............. 1.076.0 to 64 . ........... .... 1.176.5 to 1.277.0 to 7.49............................................... ...... 1.397.5 to 7.§9 ............................ ........ ...... ............ 1.516.0 to B.49 .......................................................... 1.649.5 to 8.99 ................................................ 1.799.0 to 9.49 ................................................. . .... 1.959.5 to 9.99 ................................................. 2.12


10.0 to 10.49 ....................................................... 2.3110.5 to 10.99 ............................................................... 2.5111.0 to 11.49 ............................................. 2.7311.5 to 11.99 . ..... .............................................. 2.9812.0 to 12.49 ............................................................ 3.2412.5 to 12.99 ....................................................... 3.5313.0 to 13.49 . .. .. 3.8413.5 to 13.99 ............................................................ 4.1814.0 or greater ............................................................ 4.36

(3) See the comprehensive exampleSubpart D § 419.42(b)(3).

(c) The following allocationsconstitute the quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph andattributable to ballast, which may bedischarged after the application of bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable, by a point source subject tothis subpart, in addition to the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.The allocation allowed for ballast waterflow, as kg/cu m (lb/M gal), shall bebased on those ballast waters treated atthe refinery.

BPT effluent limitationsfor ballast water

Averageof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum values forfor I 30

d any consecu-ay five days

shall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper cubic meter offlow)

SOD5 ................................................... 0.048 0.026TSS ......... .. .. 0.033 0.021COD I .... .......... . . . . 0.47 0.24Oil and grease .......... 0.015 0.008pH ........................ ( (')

English units (poundsper 1,000 gal of flow)

BOD5 ................................................... 0.40 0.21TSS ........................ . . . 0.26 0.17COD I .......... ............ .......... . ... 3.9 ! 2.0

Oil and grease .................................. 0.126 0.067pH . ... . . ................... (1) (1)

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c)-'Within it range of 6.0 to 9.0.

(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/1.

(e) Effluent Limitation for Runoff-[Reservedl.

46447

46448 Fiederal Register / Vol. 47, No: 201 / Monday, October 18, 198k / Rules and Regulations

§ 419.13 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best available technology economicallyachievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best available technologyeconomically achievable (BAT):

BAT effluent limitations

Averageof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum values orfor any 1 30

dy consecu-day five daysshall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 m

3 of

feedstock)

CO D I ..................................................... 117 60.3Phenolic compounds ............. 0.168 0.076Ammonia as N ................. 2.81 1.27Sulfide ................................................... 0.149 0.068Total chromium ................................... 0.345 0.20Hexavalent chromium ......................... 0.028 0.012

English units (poundsper 1,000 bbl offeedstock)

CO D ' ..................................................... 41.2 21.3Phenolic compounds ............. 0.060 0.027Ammonia as N ...................................... 0.99 0.45Sulfide .................................................... 0.053 0.024Total chromium ..................................... 0.122 0.071Hexavalent chromium .......................... 0.10 0.0044

'See footnote following Table in § 419.13(c).


(1) Size factor.

1,000 bb of feedstock per stream day Sizefactor

Less than 24.9 ............................................................ 10225.0 to 49.9 ................................................................. 1.0650.0 to 74.9 ............................................................. 1.1675.0 to 99.9 .................................................................. 1.26100 to 124.9 ..................................................... 1.38125.0 to 149.9 .. ................ ................ .......... 150150.0 or greater ....................................... 1.57

(2) Process factor.


Less than 2.49 ............ . . ........ 0.622.5 to 3.49... ............................ 0673.5 to 4.49 ........ ........................ 0.804.5 to 5.49 ..................................................................... 0.955.5 to 5.99 ............................................................... 1.076.0 to 6.49 ... ......... ................... 1.17


6.5 to 6.99 .................................................................... 1.277.0 to 7.49 ............................................... ................... 1.397.5 to 7.89 ..................................................................... 1.518.0 to 8.49 ..................................................................... 1.648.5 to 9.99 .................................................................... 1.799.0 to 9.49 ................................................................... . 1.959.5 to 9.99 ..................................................................... 2.1210.0 to 10.49 ................................................................ 2.3110.5 to 10.99 ................................................................ 2.5111.0 to 11.49 ................................................................ 2.7311.5 to 11.99 ................................................................ 2.9812.0 to 12.49 ................................................................ 3.2412.5 to 12.99 .............................................................. 3.5313.0 to 13.49 ............................. 3.8413.5 to 13.99 ............................. 4.1814.0 or greater .......................................... 4.36

(3) See the comprehensive example inSubpart D, § 419.42(b)(3). -

(c) The following allocationsconstitute the quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to ballast, which may bedischarged after the application of bestavailable technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart. Theseallocations are in addition to thedischarge allowed by paragraph (b) ofthis section. The allocation allowed forballast water flow, as kg/cu m {lb/Mgal), shall be based on those ballastwaters treated at the refinery.

Pollitant or pollutant property_

(e) Effluent Limitation for Runoff-[Reserved].

§ 419.14 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology (BCT). [Reserved]§ 419.15 Pretreatment standards forexisting sources (PSES).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7and 403.13 any existing source subject tothis subpart which introduces pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment worksmust comply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for existing sources (PSES).The following standards apply to thetotal refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:

Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for existing

sourcesmaximumfor any 1

day

(Milligramsper liter(mg/))

Oil and Grease ......................................................... 100Ammonia (as N) ............. .............. .'100

'Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sourwaters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.13 (a) and (b).

BAT effluent limitationsfor ballast water § 419.16 Standards of performance for

Average new sources (NSPS).

Maximum values or (a) Any new source subject to thisfry1 30fordany 1 consecu- subpart must achieve the following new

daY tive days

shall not source performance standards (NSPS):e xceed


CO D '. ...................................................... 0.47 1 0.24

English units (poundsper 1,000 gal of flow)

CO D ' ..................................................... 3.9 '1 2.0

'In any case in which the applicant can demonstrate thatthe chlonde ion concentration in the effluent exceeds 1,000m&/ (1,000 ppm), the Regional Administrator may substituteT as a parameter in lieu of COD Effluent limitations forTOC shall be based on effluent data from the plant correlat.Infi TOCt ES

fthe judgment of the Regional Administrator, adequatecorrelation data are not available, the effluent limitations forTOO sha- be established at a ratio of 2.2 to 1 to theapplicable effluent limitations on BOD5.

(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/l.

Pollutant or pollutant property

NSPS effluentlimitations

Aver age

of dailyMaximum values for

oany 1 consecu-live daysshall notexceed


BOD5 ......... 11.8 6.3TSS ......................................................... 8.3 4.9COD ' .................. 61.0 32Oil and grease . ...... 3.6 1.9Phenolic compounds ............. 0.088 0.043Ammonia as N ................. " 2.8 -1.3Sulfide ............................................... . 0.078 0.035Total chromium ................ 0.18 0.105Hexavalent chromium ............ 0.015 0.0068pH ............................... ! .................... :. ... .(1) M(

English units (pounds

per 1,000 gal of flow)

BOD5 .......................... 4.2 1 2.2



Averageof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum values or

for any 1 30day Iconsecu-tive days

shall notexceed

TSS ........................................................ 3.0 1.9COD I .................................................... 21.7 11.2Oil and grease .................................... 1.3 0.70Phenolic compounds ........................... 0.031 0.016Ammonia as N ...................................... 1.0 0.45Sulfide .................................................... 0.027 0.012Total chromium .......... ... 0.064 0.037Hexavalent chromium ............. 0.0052 0.0025pH ............................... . . " () (2)

See footnote following table In § 419.13(c).*Wthin the range of 6.0 to 9.0


(1) Size factor.

Size1.000 tibl of feedstock per stream day factor

Less than 24.9 ............................................................ 1.0225.0 to 49.9 .............. . . ....... 1.0650.0 to 74.9 ................................................................ 1.1675.0 to 99.9 .*-............. . ......................... ...... 1.28100 to 124.9 ............................................................... 1.38125.0 to 1499 ............................................................ 1.50150.0 or greater ....................................................... 1.57

(2] Process factor.


Less than 2.49 .................. 0.622.5 to 3.49 ................ .... 0.673.5 to 4.49 .................. ......... 0.804.5 to 5.49 .................................................................. 0.955.5 to 5.99 ................................................................... 1.076.0 to 6.49 ..................... . . . ........ 1.176.5 to 6.99 ................................................................... . 1.277.0 to 7.49 ................................................................. . 1.397.5 to 7.99 ................................................................... 1.518.0 to 8.49 .................................................................. 1.648.5 to 9.99 ................................................................ 1.799.0 to 9.49. .................. ............................. 1.959.5 to 9.99.. ............................ 2.1210.0 to 10.49 ......... ..... 2.3110.5 to 10.99 . . ............ 2.5111.0 to 11.49 ............................ 2.7311.5 to 11.99 ......... ....................... 2.9812.0 to 12.49 . ....... 3.2412.5 to 12.99 . ....... 35313.0 to 13.49 ................. 38413.5 to 13.99 ........ 4.1814.0 or greater ............... ......... 4.36

(3) See the comprehensive example inSubpart D, § 419.42(b)(3).

(c) The following allocationsconstitute the quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph andattributable to ballast, which may bedischarged after the application of bestpracticable control technology currently

available, by a point source subject tothis subpart, in addition to the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.The allocation allowed for ballast waterflow, as kg/cu m (lb/Mgal), shall bebased on those ballast waters treated atthe refinery.

NSPS EffluentLimitations for Ballast

Water

AveragePollutant or pollutant property of daily

Maximum values forfor ay I 30day consecu-

ive days

shall notexceed


BOD5 ..................................................... 0 .048 0.026TSS ........................ 0.033 0.021CO D I .................. :_ * .................... 0.47 0.24O4 and grease..... ............................. 0.015 0.008pH ........................................................... () (1)

English units (oundsper 1,000 gal of flow)

BODS ..................................................... 0.40 0.21TSS .................................................... 0.27 0.17cOo ................................................. 3.9 2.0Oil and grease ...................................... 0.126 0.067pH ......................................................... () (1)

I See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).2Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0


(e) Effluent Limitations for Runoff-[Reserved]§ 419.17 Pretreatment standards for newsources (PSNS).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7,any new source subject to this subpartwhich introduces pollutants into apublicly owned treatment works mustcomply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for new sources (PSNS). (a)The following standards apply to thetotal refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:

Pretreat-ment

standards

Pollutant or pollutant properly for newsources-Maximumfor any I

day

Milligramsper liter(Mg/1)

Oil and grease ................... ... 100Ammonia (as N) ................. ... 100


(b) The following standard is appliedto the cooling tower discharge part ofthe total refinery flow to the POTW bymultiplying: (1) The standard; (2) by thetotal refinery flow to the POTW; and (3)by the ratio of the cooling towerdischarge flow to the total refinery flow.

Pretreatmeritstandards

Pollutant or pollutant property for newsources-maximumfor any 1

day

Milligramsper liter(mg/l)

Total chromium ........................................................ I

Subpart B-Cracking Subcategory

§ 419.20 Applicability; description of thecracking subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart areapplicable to all discharges from'anyfacility that produces petroleumproducts by the use of topping andcracking, whether or not the facilityincludes any process in addition totopping and cracking. The provisions ofthis subpart are not applicable,however, to facilities that include theprocesses specified in Subparts C. D, orE of this part.

§ 419.21 Specialized definitions.The general definitions, abbreviations

and methods of analysis set forth in Part401 of this chapter and the specializeddefinitions set forth in § 419.11 shallapply to this subpart.

§ 419.22 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best practicable control technologycurrently available (OPT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best practicable controltechnology currently available:

46449

46450 Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Ru1ds and Regulations

BPT effluent limitations

Aversgeof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximu alues orfor any I co 30

d consecu-day tive daysshall notexceed

Metric units (kilogransper 1,000 m, offeedstock)

BO D5 ..................................................... 28.2 15.6TSS ......................................................... 19.5 12.6CO D ' ...................................................... 210.0 - 109Oil and grease ...................................... 8.4 4.5Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.21 0.10Ammonia as N ................ 18.8 8.5Sulfide .................................................... 0.18 0.082Total chromium ................ 0.43 0.25Hexavalent chromium ............ 0.035 0.016pH ........................................................... ( ) (2)

OD5 .........................TSS ........................................................CO D ......................................................O il and grease .....................................Phenolic com pounds ...........................Am m onia as N .....................................Sulfide ...................................................Total chrom ium ....................................Hexavalent chromium .........................pH ..........................................................

English units (poundsper 1,000 bbl feed-stock)

9.9 5.56.9 4.4

74.0 38.43.0 1.60.074 0.0366.6 3.00.065 0.0290.15 0.0880.012 0.0056

(1) (2)

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).2Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.

(b) The limits set forth in paragraph(a] of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any one day andmaximum average of daily values forthirty consecutive days.

(1) Size factor.

1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day Size factor

Less than 24.9 ........................................................ 0.9125.0 to 49.9 ............................................................. 0.9550.0 to 74.9 ............................................................. 1.0475.0 to 99.9 ........................................................... 1.13100.0 to 124.9 ........................................................ 1.23125.0 to 149.9 ......................................................... 1.3515 0.0 or greater ................. . ............ 1.41

(2) Process factor.

ProcessProcess configuration factor

Less than 2.49 .............. ..... 0.582.5 to 3.49 .............................................................. 0.633.5 to 4.49 ............................................................. 0.744.5 to 5.49 .............................................................. 0.885.5 to 5.99 .............................................................. 1.006.0 to 6.49 .............................................................. 1.096.5 to 6.99 .............. . ......... .197.0 to 7.49 ......................................... .................... 1.297.5 to 7.99 ..................................... ................... .418.0 to 8.49 . . ............. . . ... 1.538.5 to 8.99 .............................................................. 1.679.0 to 9.49 ............................................................. 1.829.5 or greater ....................................................... 1.89

(3) See the comprehensive exampleSubpart D § 419.42(b)(3).

(c) The provisions of § 419.12(c) applyto discharges of process wastewaterpollutants attributable to ballast waterby a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart.

(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcertration not to exceed 5 mg/l.

(e) Effluent Limitations for Runoff-[Reserved]


(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best available technologyeconomically achievable:

BAT Effluent limitations

Aerot dail

Pollutant or pollutant property Maxim values ffor any 1 30dy conse u

day five days

shall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 m3 offeedstock)

CO D ' .................................................... 210 109Phenolic compounds ............-............ 0.21 0.10Ammonia as N ..................................... 18.8 8 .5Sulfide ........... . . . 0.18 0.082Total chromium ..................................... 0.43 0.25Hexavalent chromium .......................... 0.035 0.016

English units (poundsper 1,000 bb offeedstock)

COD ' .................................................... 74.0 38.4Phenolic compounds ............. 0.074 0.036Ammonia as N ..................................... 6.066 3.0Sulfide .................................................. 0.065 0.029Total chromium ..................................... 0.15 0.088Hexavalent chromium .......................... 0.012 0.0056

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c)(2).


(1) Size factor.


Less than 24.9 ............................................................. 0.9125.0 to 49.9 .................................................................. 0.9550.0 to 74.9 .................................................................. 1.0475.0 to 99.9 ................................................................ 1.13100.0 to 124.9 ................................... . . . . 1.23125.0 to 149.9 ........ ....................... . . ....... 1.35150.0 or greater ............................................. 1,41

(2) Process factor.

Process configuration factor

Less than 2.49 ............................................................2.5 to 3.49 ....................................................................3.5 to 4.49 .............. . ..............4.5 to 5.49 ....................................................................5.5 to 5.99 ....................................................................6.0 to 6.49 ................................................... ............6.5 to 6.99 ....................................................................7.0 to 7.49 ...................... .........................................7.5 to 7.99 ....................................................................8.0 to 8.49 ....................................................................8.5 to 8.99 ....................................................................9.0 to 9.49 .................. .................9.5 or greater ...............................................................

0.580.630.740.881.001.091.191.291.411.531.671.821.89




(e) Effluent Limitation for Runoff-(Reserved]

§ 419.24 Effluent limitation guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 419.25 Pretreatment Standards forExisting Sources (PSES).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7and 403.13 any existing source subject tothis subpart which introduces pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment worksmust comply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for existing sources (PSES).The following standards apply to thetotal refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:


Pretreat-ment

standards

Pollutant or pollutant property for newsources-maximumfor any I

day

Milligramsper liter(mg/I)

Oil and grease .................................................. ..... ... 100Ammonia .............................. 1100

I Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sourwaters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.23 (a) and (b).

§ 419.26 Standards of performance for

new sources (NSPS).

(a) Any new source subject to thissubpart must achieve the following newsource performance standards (NSPS):


Aversgof daily

Pollutant or pollutant propery Maximum values for

for any 1 30d consecu-ay tire days

shall notexceed

8005 ....................................................TSS . .......................... ........................COD ..... ........ .........oil and grease ......................................Phenolic com pounds ...........................Am m onia (as N) ...................................Sulfide ............. .............Total chrom ium ....................................Hexavalent chrom ium .........................pH ....................................................

BOD5 .....................................................TSS .........................................................CO O '. ................ . ......... ..........Oil and grease ......................................Phenolic com pounds ............................Am monia (as N) ....................................Sulfide ............................................ .Total chrom ium .....................................Hexavalent chromium .............. .pH ...................................................

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 mi offeedstock)

16.3 8.711.3 7.2

118.0 614.8 2.80.119 0.058

18.8 8.60.105 0.0480.24 0.140.020 0.0088

(i) (i)


5.8 3.14.0 2.5

41.5 211.7 0.930.042 0.0206.6 3.00.037 0.0170.084 0.0490,0072 0.0032

(,) (I )

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).'Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.

(b) The limits set forth in paragraph(a) of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any 1 day and maximumaverage of daily values for 30consecutive days.

(1) Size Factor.

1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day Sizefactor

Less than 24.9 ................ 0.9125.0 to 49.9 ............................................................... 0.95

1.000 bbl of feedstock per stream day Sizefactor

50.0 to 74.9 ................................................................ 1.0475.0 to 99.9 .................................................................. 1.13100.0 to 124.9 ............................................................. 1.23125.0 to 149.9 ............................................................. 1.35150.0 or greater ........................................................... 1.41

(2) Process factor.

Process configuration Process

Less than 2.49 ............................................................. 0.582.5 to 3.49 ................................................................... . 0.633.5 to 4.49 ..................................................................... 0.744.5 to 5.49 ..................................................................... 0.885.5 to 5.99 .............................. 1.006.0 to 6.49 ................................................................... . 1.096.5 to 6.99 ..................................................................... 1.197.0 to 7.49 ..................................................................... 1.297.5 to 7.99 ..................................................................... 1.418.0 to 8.49 ..................................................................... 1.538.5 to 8.99 .................................................................. 1.679.0 to 9.49 .................................................................. 1.829.5 or greater ................................................................ 1.89




(e) Effluent Limitation for Runoff-[Reserved]

§ 419.27 Pretreatment standards for newsources (PSNS).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7,any new source subject to this subpartwhich introduces pollutants into apublicly owned treatment works mustcomply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for new sources (PSNS).

(a) The following standards apply tothe total refinery flow contribution tothe POTW.

Pretreat-ment

standards

Pollutant or pollutant property for newsources-maximumfor any 1

day

O il and grease .................................................... I


100

Prttreatoment

standard sPollutant or pollutant property for nw

sources-maximumfor any day

Am monia (as N) ....................................................... 1100

tWhare the discharge to the POTW consists solely of s urwaters. the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.26(a) and (b).

(b) The following standard is appliedto the cooling tower discharge part ofthe total refinery flow to the POTW bymultiplying: (1) The standard; (2) by thetotal refinery flow to the POTW; and (3)

by the ratio of the cooling towerdischarge flow to the total refinery flow.

Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for new

sources-maximumfor any I

day

Milligramsper liter(rag/I)

Total chrom ium ........................................................ [ - I

Subpart C-PetrochemicalSubcategory§ 419.30 Applicability; description of thepetrochemical subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart areapplicable to all discharges from anyfacility that produces petroleumproducts by the use of topping, cracking,and petrochemical operations whetheror not the facility includes any processin addition to topping, cracking, andpetrochemical operations. Theprovisions of this subpart shall not beapplicable, however, to facilities thatinclude the processe§ specified inSubparts D or E of this part.

§ 419.31 Specialized definitions.For the purpose of this subpart:(a) The general definitions,

abbreviations, and methods of analysisset forth in Part 401 of this chapter andthe specialized definitions set forth in§ 419.11 shall apply.

(b) The term "petrochemicaloperations" shall mean the productionof second-generation petrochemicals(i.e., alcohols, ketones, cumene, styrene,etc.) or first generation petrochemicalsand isomerization products (i.e. BTX,olefins, cyclohexane, etc.) when 15percent or more of refinery production isas first-generation petrochemicals andisomerization products.

464 51

46452 Federal Register / Vol. 47, N.21IMnaOtbr1,18 ue n euain

§ 419.32 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best practicable control technologycurrently available.

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best practicable controltechnology currently available (BPT):

BPT Effluent limitations

Averg eof dailyvalues for

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum f u30for any 1 30seao onsecu-

day tive daysshall notexceed


BO D5 ..................................................... 34.6 18.4TSS ......................................................... 23.4 14.8CO O ' ...................................................... 210.0 109.0Oil and grease ...................................... 11.1 5.9Phenolic compound .............................. 0.25 0.120Ammonia as N ...................................... 23.4 10.6Sulfide .................................................... 0.52 0.099Total chromium ......... . . ........... 0.52 0.30Hexavalent chromium ............... 0.046 0.020p H ........................................................... (2) (1)


BO D 5 ..................................................... 12.1 6.5TSS ......................................................... 8.3 5.25CO D ' ...................................................... 74.0 38.4Oil and grease ...................................... 3.9 2.1Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.088 0.0425Ammonia as N ...................................... 8.25 3.8Sufide ..................................... 0.078 0.035Total chromium .................................... 0.183 0.107Hexavalent chromium ......................... 0.016 0.0072pH .............................

............................ (2)

See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).Within the range of 6.0 to 9,0.


(1) Size factor.

Size1 ,000 barrels of feedstock per stream day factor

Less than 24.9 ................................................................. 0.7325.0 to 49.9 ...................................................................... 0.7650.0 to 74.9 ...................................................................... 0.8375.0 to 99.9 ...................................................................... 0 .91100.0 to 124.9 ................................................... 0.99125.0 to 149.9 .................................................... 108150.0 or greater .................................................. 1.13

Process configuration

Less than 4.49 .................................................................4.5 to 5.49 ........................................................................5.5 to 5.99 ........................................................................6.0 to 6 49 ........................................................................6.5 to 6.99 ........................................................................7.0 to 7.49 ........................................................................7.5 to 7.99 ........................................................................8.0 to 8.49 ........................................................................8.5 to 8.99 ........................................................................9.0 to 9.49 ........................................................................9.5 or greater ...................................................................

Proc-assfactor

0.730,800.910.991.081.171.281.391.511.651.72




(e) Effluent Limitation for runoff -[Reserved].


(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best available techologyeconomically achievable (BAT):

BAT Effluent Limitations

Average of

Pollutant or potlutant property Maxi daily valuesmum for for 30

any 1 day consecutiveS | days shall[ [not esceed

Metric units (kilograms per1,000 m of feedstock)

COD ' ...................... 210.0 109.0Phenolic compounds ............... 025 0.120Ammonia as N ............................. 23.4 10.6Sulfide ............................................ 0.22 0.099Total chromium *.......... 0.52 0.30Hexavalent chromium .................. 0.046 0.020

English units (pounds per1,000 bbl of feedstock)

CO D ' ............................................. 74.0 38.4Phenolic compounds ................... 0.088 0.0425Ammonia as N ............................. 8.25 3.8Sulfide .......................... 0.078 0.035Total ch-omium ................... 0183 0.107Hexavalent chromium .................. 0.016 0.0072

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).


(1) Size factor.

1.000 bbl of feedstock per stream day

Less than 24.9 ................................. . ...........25.0 to 49.9 .....................................................................50.0 to 74.9 ............................................................... .75.0 to 99.9 ............................... . .............................. .100.0 to 124.9 ............................................................125.0 to 149.9 .................................................................150.0 or greater ...............................................................

Sizefactor

0.730.760.830.910.991.081.13

(2) Process factor.

Pro-Process configuration ess

factor

Less than 4.49 .................................................................. 0.734.5 to 5.49 ......................................................................... 0 .805.5 to 5.99 ......................................................................... 0.9 16.0 to 6.49 ......................................................................... 0.996.5 to 6.99 ......................................................................... 1.087.0 to 7.49 ........................................................................ 1.177.5 to 7.99 ......................................................................... 1.288.0 to 8.49 ......................................................................... 1.398.5 to 8.99 ......................................................................... 1.519.0 to 9.49 ......................................................................... 1.659.5 or greater .................................................................... 1.72




(e)Effluent Limitation for Runoff-[Reserved].

§ 419.34 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofbest conventional pollutant controltechnology (BCT)-[ Reserved]§ 419.35 Pretreatment Standards for

existing sources (PSES).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7and 403.13 any existing source subject tothis subpart which introduces pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment worksmust comply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for existing sources (PSES).The following standards apply to the(2) Process factor.

No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations46452 Federal Re£ister / Vol. 47,


total refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:

Pretreat-mentstandards

Pollutant or pollutant property maximum

for any Iday

(Milligramsper liter(mg/))

O il and grease ........................................................ 100Ammonia (as N) ........................ .100

,Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sourwaters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.33 (a) and (b). .

§ 419.36 Standards of performance fornew sources (NSPS).


NSPS EffluentLimitations

Aversaof daily

Pollutant or pollutant properly Maximum values forfray1 30for any 1 consecu-

day tive daysshall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 ml offeedstock)

BOD5 .................................................... 21.8 11.6TSS ........... . . 14.9 9.5COD' ..................................................... 133.0 69.0Oil and grease .................................... 8.6 3.5Phenolic compounds ........................... 0.158 .077Ammonia as N ..................................... 23.4 10.7Sulfide .................................................... 0.140 0.063Total chromium. ................ 0.32 0.19Hexavalent chromium ...................... 0.025 0.012pH ........................................................... ( ) ( )


BOD5 ..... .................. 7.7 4.1TSS ........... ....... 5.2 3.3COD ' ..................................................... 47.0 24.0Oi and grease.................. 2 .4 1.3Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.056 0.027Ammonia as N ...................................... 8.3 3.8Sulfide. ..................... 0.050 0.022Total chromium ..................116 0.068Hexavalent chromium ......................... 0.0096 0.0044pH ......................................................... 'I (')

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c)(2).'Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.

(b) The limits set forth in paragraph(a) of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any one day andmaximun average of daily values forthirty consecutive days.

(1) Size factor.


Less than 24.9 ...................................................... 0.7325.0 to 49.9 .............................................................. 0.7650.0 to 74.9 ....................... .............................. 0.8375.0 to 99.9 .............................................................. 0.91100.0 to 124.9 ................................................ 0.99125.0 to 149.9 ................................................. 1.08150.0 or greater ....................................................... 1.13

(2) Process factor.


Less than 4.49 ......................................................... 0.734.5 to 5.49 .............................. 0.805.5 to 5.99 ............................. .................................. 0.916.0 to 6.49 ............................ 0.996.5 to 6.99 ...................................................... 1.087.0 to 7.49 .............................. 1.177.5 to 7.99 .............................. 1.288.0 to 6.49 ............................................................... 1.398.5 to 8.99 ............................................................... 1.519.0 to 9.49 ........................................................... 1.659.5 or greater ......................................................... 1.72



[d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/1.



Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7.any new source subject to this subpartwhich introduces pollutants into apublicly owned treatment works mustcomply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for new sources (PSNS).

(a) The following standards apply tothe total refinery flow contribution tothe POTW:

Pretreat-meant

standardsfor new

Potlutart or pollutant properly sourcesmaximumfor any 1

day

Milligramsper liter(mg/f)

Oil and grease ................................................. ....... 100Ammonia (as N) ............................................... ....... u 00

'Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sou,waters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.36 (a) and (b).

(b) The following standard is appliedto the cooling tower discharge part ofthe total refinery flow to the POTW bymultiplying: (1) The standard; (2) by thetotal refinery flow to the POTW; and (3)by the ratio of the cooling towerdischarge flow to the total refinery flow.

Pretreat.ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for new

sourcesmaximumfor any 1

day

Miligramsper liter(mg/I)

Total .......................................................

Subpart D-Lube Subcategory

§ 419.40 Applicability; description of thelube subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart areapplicable to all discharges from anyfacility that produces petroleumproducts by the use of topping, cracking,and lube oil manufacturing processes,whether or not the facility includes anyprocess in addition to topping, cracking,and lube oil manufacturing processes.The provisions of this subpart are notapplicable, however, to facilities thatinclude the processes specified inSubparts C and E of this part.

§419.41 Specialized definitions.

The general definitions, abbreviationsand methods of analysis set forth in Part401 of this chapter and the specializeddefinitions set forth in § 419.11 shallapply to this subpart.


(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best practicable controltechnology currently available (BPT):

46453II I I I I I I I I I I I

,AcAtA I7ad,xal lRioitt.r / Vo]. 47. No. 201 / Monday. October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations-Au~- --

BPT effluent limitations

Averageof dailyMxmm valueasfor

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum 30for any I1 c

day ive daysshall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 m' offeedstock)

BO DS ...................................................... 50.6 25.8TSS ................................................. 35.6 22.7COD' ......................... 360.0 187.0Oil and grease ...................................... 16.2 8.5Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.38 0.184Ammonia as N ...................................... 23.4 10.6Sulfide .................................................... 0.33 0.150Total chromium ..................................... 0.77 0.45Hexavalent chromium .......................... 0.068 0.030pH .......................................................... (

) (2)


B0 D5 ..................................................... 17.9 9.1TS S ......................................................... 12.5 8.0CO D I ...................................................... 127.0 66.0Oil and grease ...................................... 5.7 3.0Phenolic compounds ........................... 0.133 0.065Ammonia as N ..................................... 8.3 3.8Sulfide ................................................... 0.118 0.053Total chromium ................... 0.273 0.160Hexavalent chromium ...................... 0024 0.011P H ....................................................... . (1) (1)

See footnote following table in §419.13(c)(2).'Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.


(1) Size factor.


Less than 49.9 ............................................................ 0.7150.0 to 74.9 ................................................................ 0.7475,0 to 99.9 ............................................................... . 0 .81100.0 to 124.9 ............................................................. 0.88125.0 to 149.9 ............................................................. 0.97150.0 to 174.9 ............................................................ 1.05175.0 to 199.9 ............................................................. 1.14200.0 or greater .......................................................... 1.19

(2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ........................................................... 0.816.5 to 7.49 .................................................................... 0.887.5 to 7.99 .................................................................... 1.008.0 to 8 .49 .................................................................... 1.098.5 to 8.99 .................................................................. . 1.199.0 to 9.49 .................................................................. . 1.299.5 to 9.99 .................................................................... 1.4 110.0 to 10.49 ............................................................... 1.5310.5 to 10.99 ............................................................... 1.6711.0 to 11.49 ............................................................... 1.8211.5 to 11.99 ............................................................... 1.9812.0 to 12.49 .................................... 2.1512.5 to 12.99 ............................................................... 2.3413.0 or greater ............ ..................... 2.44

(3) Example of the application of theabove factors. Example-Lube refinery125, 000 bbl per stream day throughput.

CALCULATION OF THE PROCESS

CONFIGURATION

Process category

Crude .......................

Cracking andcoking.

Lube ..........................

Asphalt ......................

Process

Crude:Atm.Vacuum..Desalt-

ing.Total....

Cracking-FCC.

Hydro-cracking..

Total....Lubes ..........

Total....Asphalt.Refinery

procossconfigu-

Process included

Atm crude distillation .............Vacuum, crude distillation.Desalng .................................Fluid cat. cracking ..................Vis-breaking ...........................Thrrmal cracking ..................Moving bed cat. cracking.Hydrocracking .......................Fluid coking ............................

Delayed coking .......................Further defined in the de-

vclopment document.Asphalt production .................Asphalt oxidation ....................Asphalt emulsifying ................

Capscity Capacity(1,000 bbl relative toper stream through-

day) put

125.0 1.060.0 0.48

125.0 1.0...................... 2.48

41.0 0.328

20.0 0.160................... 0.488

5.3 0.0424.0 0.0324.9 0.039

......................... 0 .1 134.0 0.032

Weight-ing

Factor

...............S..................

..................

t............... ...

L..................x6

t..................L..................t..................

x13x ×12

Weightingfactor

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best available technologyeconomically achievable (BAT):

BAT effluent limitations

Averageof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum values forfor any 1I cos0ecu-

day tive days

shall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper

CO D I .................................................... 360.0 187.0

Phenolic compunds ........................... 0.38 0.184Ammonia as N ..................................... 23.4 10.6

. . Sulfide ................................................... 0.33 0.150Process- Total chromium .................................... 0.77 0.45

ing Hexavalent chromium ......................... 0.068 0.030configu-_____ration. English units (pounds

per 1,000 bbl offeedstock)

COO..................120 6................. C O D ..................................................... [ 127.0 1 66.0

Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.133 0.0652.48 Ammonia as N ..................... .............. 8.3 3.8

Sulfide ................................................... 0.118 0.053Total chromium ..................................... 0.273 0.160

................ Hexsvalent chromium .......................... 0.024 0.011

=2.93 'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c)(2).

=.47 (b) The limits set forth in paragraphThe8. .. .

-7.26

Notes:See Table §419.42(b)(2) for process factor. Process

factorl 0.98.See Table I 419.42(b)(1) for size factor for 125,000 bbl per

stream day lube refinery. Size factor=0.97.To calculate the limits for each parameter, multiply the limit

§ 419.42(a) by both the process factor and size factor. B005limit (maximum for any I day)= 17.9x0.88x0.97=15.3 lb.per 1,000 bbl of feedstock.


(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by pbragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/1.



(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitations

(a) of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any one day andmaximum average of daily values forthirty consecutive days.

(1) Size factor.

1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day

Less than 49.9 ................... ..................................50.0 to 74.9 ..................................................................75.0 to 99.9 ..................................................................100.0 to 124.9 ...........................................................125.0 to 149.9 .................................150.0 to 174.9 ..............................................................175.0 to 199.9 ..............................................................200.0 or greater ...........................................................

(2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ............................................................6.5 to 7.49 .....................................................................7.5 to 7.99 .....................................................................8.0 to 8.49 ..............................8.5 to 8.99 .....................................................................9.0 to 9.49 .....................................................................9.5 to 9.99 .....................................................................10.0 to 10.49 ................................................................10.5 to 10.99 ..........................................................11.0 to 11.49 .............................................................11.5 to 11.99 ........................... . . .............12.0 to 12.49 ................................................................12.5 to 12.99 ...............................................................

Sizefactor

0.710.740.810.880.971.05,1.141.19

Processfactor

0.810.881.001.091.191.291.411.531.671.821.982.152.34

Ira I ......

I

Federal Register / Vol. 47, No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations 46455


13.0 or greater ................. 2.44




(e) Effluent Limitation for Runoff-[Reserved]

§ 419,44 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology (BCT)-[Reserved]§ 419.45 Pretreatment standards forexisting sources (PSES).

Except as provfded in 40 CFR 403.7and 403.13 any existing source subject tothis subpart which introduces pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment worksmust comply with 40 CFR Part 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for existing sources (PSES).The following standards apply to thetotal refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:

Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for existing

sources-maximumfor any 1

day

Miligramsper liter(mg/)

Oil and grease ........................................ . 100Ammonia (as N) ... ....... 1100




Pollutant or pollutant property


ofAverageof daily

Maximum values forfor any 1m 30Say consecu-

day five daysshall notexceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1.000 m3 offeedstock)

BO D5 ..................................................... 34.6 18.4TSS ....................................................... 23.4 14.9CO D ..................................................... 2 45.0 126.0Oil and grease ...................................... 10.5 5.6Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.25 012Ammonia as N .......... x ........................ 23.4 10.7Sulfide ....................................... 0.220 1 0.10Total chromium .......................... 0.52 0.31Hexavalent chromium ............. 0.046 0.021pH ................................................ (r* (2)

English units fpoundsper 1,000 bbl offeedstock)

BO O .................................................... 12.2 6.5TSS .......... 8.3 5.3CO D I ..................................................... 87.0 45.0Oil and grease ................. 3.8 2.0Phenolic compounds ............................ 0.088 0.043Ammonia as N ................. 8.3 3.8Sulfide .................................................... 0.078 0.035Total chromium ................. 180 , 0.105Hexavalent chromium ............ 0.022 0.0072pH ................................. () (2)

'See footnote following table in § 419.13(c).'Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.

(b) The limits set forth in paragraph(a) of this section are to be multiplied bythe following factors to calculate themaximum for any one day andmaximum average of daily values forthirty consecutive dhys.

(1)'Size factor.

1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day

Less than 49.9 ............ ...........................50.0 to 74.9 ............. . . .............75.0 to 99.9 ...............................100.0 to 124.9 ........................................................125.0 to 1499 .........................................................150.0 to 174.9 ............................................................175.0 to 199.9 ............................................................200.0 or greater ........................................................

(2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ............................................................6.5 to 7.49 . ..............................7.5 to 7.99 ............................ . ...............8.0 to 8.49 .....................................................................8.5 to 8.99 1 ............................9.0 to 9.49 ................................................................9.5 to 9.99 ....................................................................10.0 to 10.49 ..............................................................10.5 to 10.99 ............... . . .................11.0 to1 11 49 .............................................................11.5 to 11.99 ............. . ..... .............12.0 to 12.49 .............. . ..........12.5 to 12.99 ..........................................................13.0 or greater ........ . ....................

sizefactor

0.710.740.810.880.971.051.14


(c) The provisions of § 419.15(c) applyto discharges of process wastewaterpollutants attributable to ballast waterby a point source subject to theprovision of this subpart.


(e) Effluent Limitations for Runoff-[Reserved].




Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for newsources,

maximumfor any 1

day


Oil and grease .................................................... 100Am monia (as N) ....................................................... 1100


1.19 (b) The following standard is appliedto the cooling tower discharge part of

the total refinery flow to the POTW bymultiplying: (1) The standard; (2) by thetotal refinery flow to the POTW; and (3)

Process by the ratio of the cooling towerfo discharge flow to the total refinery flow.

0.810.88 Pretreat.1.00 ment1.09 standards1.19 Pollutant or pollutant property for new1.29 sources,1.41 maximum1.53 for any 11.67 day

1.821.98 Milligrams2.15 pr liter2.34 (mg/I)2.44 Total chromium .....................- , -_ _ - !

46456 Federal Register I Vol. 47, No. 201 / Monday, October 18, 1982 / Rules and Regulations

Subpart E-Integrated Subcategory

§ 419.50 Applicability; description of theIntegrated aubcategory.

The provisions of this subpart areapplicable to all discharges resultingfrom any facility that producespetroleum products by the use oftopping, cracking, lube oil manufacturingprocesses, and petrochemicaloperations, whether or not the facilityincludes any process in addition totopping, cracking, lube oil manufacturingprocesses, and petrochemicaloperations.

§ 419.51 Specialized definitions.The general definitions, abbreviations,

and methods of analysis set forth in Part401 of this chapter and the specializeddefinitions set forth in § 419.31 shallapply to this subpart.


(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-.32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best practicable controltechnology currently available (BPT):

BPT EffluentLimitations

Aversgeof daily

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximu values frf 30

for ny 1 consecu-t five daysshall notexceed


BOo . ...... 54.4 28.9TSS ........................................................ 37.3 23.7COD' ..................................................... 388.0 198.0Oil and grease ................ 17.1 9.1Phenolic compounds ............. 0.40 0.192Ammonia as N ..................................... 23.4 10.6Sulfide ................................................... 0.35 0.158Total Chromium ...................... 0.82 0.48Hexavalent chromium ................ 0.068 0.032pH .. .......................... ...................... (') (1)


BOD ' .................................................... 19.2 10.2TSS ........................................................ 13.2 8.4CO D I .................................................... 136.0 70.0ONt ind grease ................. 6.0 3.2Phenolic compounds ............. 0.14 0.068Ammonia as N ................. 8.3 3.8Sulfide. ..................... 0.124 0.056Total chromium ................ 029 0.17Hexavalent chromium ................ 0..... &025 0.011pH ........................................................ ( ) (')

'See footnote following table In I419.13(c).'Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.


(1) Size factor.


Less than 124.9 ....................................................... .0.73125.0 to 124.9 ....................................................... 0.76150.0 to 174.9 ....................................................... 0.83175.0 to 199.9 .......................................................... 0.91200 to 244.9 ...................................... . 0.99225 or greater ...................................................... 1.04

(2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ......................................................... 0.756.5 to 7.49 ............................................................ 0.827.5 to 7.99 .............................................................. 0.928.0 to 8.49 .............................................................. 1.008.5 to 8.99 ................................................................ 1.109.0 to 9.49 .............. . ....... 1.209.5 to 9.99 ................................................................ 1.3010.0 to 10.49 ........................................................... 1.4210.5 to 10.99 ........................................................... . 1.5411.0 to 11.49 ........................................................... . 1.6811.5 to 11.99............................................................ 1.8312.0 to 12.49 .......... . . ...... 1.9912.5 to 12.99 ........................................ 2.1713.0 or greater ..................................... 2.26



(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attr'butable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/l.


§419.53 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best available technology economicallyachievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR125.30-32, any existing point sourcesubject to this subpart must achieve thefollowing effluent limitationsrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applicationof the best available technologyeconomically achievable (BAT):

BAT EffluentLimitations

Aver-ae ofday

Pollutant or pollutant prprty Maxi- valu

mum con-for any se ,uI,1 day' deays"

shallnot

exceed

Metric units (kilo-grams per1,000 m3 offeedstock)

COD .......................... . . 388.0 198.0Phenolic compounds ................................... 0.40 0.192Ammonia as N .............. ............................ 23.4 10.6Sulfide ............................................................. 0 .35 0.158Total chromium ............................................. 0.068 0.032hexavalent chromium ................ 0.068 0.032

English units(pounds per1,000 bbl offeedstock)

CO D I .............................................................. 136.0 70.0Phenolic compounds .................................... 0.14 0.068Ammonia as N .............................................. 8.3 3.8Sulfide ............................................................ 0.124 0.056Total chromium ............................................ 0.29 0.17Hexavalent chromium ................................... 0.025 0.011

iSee footnote following table In J 419.13(C).


(1) Size factor.


Less than 124.9 ....................................................... 0.73125.0 to 149.9 ......................................................... 0.76150.0 to 174.9 .......................................................... 0.83175.0 to 199.9 .......................................................... 0.91200 to 224.9 ............................................................. 0.99225 or greater .......................................................... 1.04

2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ......................................................... 0.756.5 to 7.49 ................................................................ 0.827.5 to 7.99 .............................. 0.928.0 to 8.49 ................................................................ 1.008.5 to 8.99 ................................................................ 1.109.0 to 9.49 ............................................................... 1.209.5 to 9.99 ................................................................ 1.3010.0 to 10.49 .......................................................... 1.4210.5 to 10.99 ......................................................... 1.5411.0 to 11.49 ............................................................ 1.6811.5 to 11.99 ........................................................... 1.8312.0 to 12.49 .................................... .. .1.9912.5 to 12.99 ........................................... ... 2.1713.0 or greater ......................................................... 2.26




(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant propertiescontrolled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this section.Once-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/il.

(e) Effluent Limitations for Runoff-(Reserved].

§ 419.54 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the application ofthe best conventional pollutant controltechnology (BCT)--Reserved]

§ 419.55 Pretreatment standards forexisting sources (PSES)

Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7and 403.13 any existing source subject tothis subpart which introduces pollutantsinto a publicly owned treatment worksmust comply with 40 CFR 403 andachieve the following pretreatmentstandards for existing sources (PSES).The following standards apply to thetotal refinery flow contribution to thePOTW:

Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or polutant property for existing

sources-maximumfor any 1

day


Oil and grease ......................................................... F 100Ammonia (as N) .......................................... ...... o

'Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sourwaters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in §419.53 (a) and (b).



NSPS effluentlimitation

Averagof dailPollutant or pollutant property Maximum values for

30consecu-day fie

.sceed

Metric units (kilogramsper 1,000 m I offeedstock)

-BOD5 .................................................... 41.6 22.1TSS ......................................................... 28.1 17.9COD I ..................................................... 295.0 152.0Oil and grease ...................................... 12.6 6.7Phenolic compounds .......................... 0.30 0.14Ammonia as N .................................... 23.4 10.7Sulfide .................................................... 0.26 0.12Total chrom ium .................................... 0.64 0.37Hexavalent chromium .......................... 0.052 0.024pH ........................................................... () . ()


BO D 5 ...........................................TSS . ......................... .........................CO D ' ...............................................Oil and grease ......................................Phenolic compounds ............................Am m onia as N ......................................Sulfide ....................................................Total chrom ium .....................................Hexavalent chromium ..........................pH ...........................................................

14.79.9

104.04.50.1058.30.0930.2200.019(1)

7.86.3

54.02.40.0513.80.0420.130.0084

(')

ISee footnote following table In § 419.13(c).'Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.


(1) Size factor.Size

1,000 bbl of feedstock per stream day factor

Less than 124.9 .......................................................... 0.73125.0 to 149.9 ............................................................. 0.76150.0 to 174.9 ............................................................. 0.83175.0 1o 199.9 ............................................................. 0.91200 to 224.9 ......................................... 0.99225 or greater ............................................... 1.04

(2) Process factor.


Less than 6.49 ..................... 0.756.5 to 7.49 ................................................................... .. 0.627.5 to 7.99 .................... 0.928.0 to 6.49 .............................................................. 1.008.5 to 8.99 ................................................................... 1.109.0 to 9.49 ..................................................................... 1.209.5 to 9.99 .................... .... 1.3010.0 to 10.49 ............................................................... 1.4210.5 to 10.99 ............................................................... 1.5411.0 to 11.49 ............ . . . .. 1.6811.5 to 11.99 .......... . . .......... 1.8312,0 to 12.49 ............................................................... 1.9912.5 to 12.99 ..........................-.......... 2.1713.0 or greater .................. 2.26

(3) See the comprehensive example InSubpart D, § 419.42(b)(3).


(d) The quantity and quality ofpollutants or pollutant properties

controlled by this paragraph,attributable to once-through coolingwater, are excluded from the dischargeallowed by paragraph (b) of this sectionOnce-through cooling water may bedischarged with a total organic carbonconcentration not to exceed 5 mg/l.

(e) Effluent Limitations for Runoff-[Reserved].




Pretreat-ment

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for nowsources--

maximumfor any 1

day

Milligramsper liter(mg/)

Oil and grease ....................................................... 100Ammonia (as N) ................................................ ..... '100

'Where the discharge to the POTW consibts solely of sourwaters, the owner or operator has the option of complyingwith this limit or the daily maximum mass limitation forammonia set forth in § 419.56 (a) and (b).

(b) The following standard is appliedto the cooling tower discharge part ofthe total refinery flow to the POTW bymultiplying: (1) The standards; (2) by thetotal refinery flow to the POTW; and (3)by the ratio of the cooling towerdischarge flow to the total refinery flow.

Pretreatmerit

standardsPollutant or pollutant property for newsources--

maximumfor any Iday

Milligramsper liter(mg/1)

Total chromium .......... . . [.

[FR Dec. 82-28206 Filed 10-15-82:8:45 am]

BILUNG CODE G560-0-u

46457

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