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PREHOSPITAL and

DISASTER MEDICINE

Volume 35, Number 1 February 2020

The Official Journal of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine

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For more information visit: www.cambridge.org

Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry2nd Edition

Editors: Robert J. Ursano, Uniformed Services University Carol S. Fullerton, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland Lars Weisaeth, Universitetet i Oslo Beverley Raphael, Australian National University, CanberraMay 2017 / Hardback / 9781107138490 / $105.00 / £84.99Covering both natural and man-made scenarios including war and terrorism, the Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry is a vital international reference for medical professionals, community leaders and disaster responders a decade after its initial publication. Spanning a decade of advances in disaster psychiatry, this new and updated second edition brings together the views of current international experts to offer a cutting-edge comprehensive review of the psychological, biological and social responses to disaster, in order to help prepare, react and aid effective recovery. Topics range from the epidemiology of disaster response, disaster ecology, the neurobiology of disaster exposure, to socio-cultural issues, early intervention and consultation-liaison care for injured victims. The role of non-governmental organizations, workplace policies and the implications for public health planning at both an individual and community level are also addressed.

• The comprehensive examination of disaster and its impact gives the book both clinical and public health relevance

• The text has been updated to cover a decade of advances, leading to more effective approaches to preparation, treatment, intervention and therefore recovery

• Concepts and approaches are applied to worldwide needs, resulting in a text relevant to real life practice

Observation MedicinePrinciples and Protocols

Sharon Mace, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OhioApril 2017 / 9781107022348 / Hardback / $105.00 / £64.99Using sample administrative and clinical protocols that any hospital can use, this book gives a detailed account of how to set up and run an observation unit and reviews all medical conditions in which observation medicine may be beneficial. In addition to clinical topics such as improving patient outcomes and avoiding readmissions, it also includes practical topics such as design, staffing, and daily operations; fiscal aspects, such as coding, billing, and reimbursement; regulatory concerns, such as aligning case management and utilization review with observation; nursing considerations; and more. The future of observation medicine, and how it can help solve the healthcare crisis from costs to access, is also discussed. Although based on US practices, this book is also applicable to an international audience, and contains instructions for implementing observation in any setting or locale and in any type of hospital or other appropriate facility.

• Contains clinical protocols for diseases/conditions that may be managed by observation medicine, which is an up-and-coming solution to the crisis of costs and access to emergency healthcare

• Contains administrative protocols and covers the financial and business aspects of running an observation unit

• Offers an international perspective, with practical methods for implementing observation medicine in any location and with any type of resources, staffing, and education

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February 2020volume 35, number 1

editorial2019: The Year in Disaster Health and Medicine Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Samuel J. Stratton, MD, MPH

oriGiNal reSearCHThe Risk of Cancer from CT Scans and Other Sources of Low-Dose Radiation: A Critical Appraisal of Methodologic Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Carl H. Schultz, MD; Romeo Fairley, MD, MPH; Linda Suk-Ling Murphy, MLIS; Mohan Doss, PhD, MCCPM

Dispatcher Identification of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Neurologically Intact Survival: A Retrospective Cohort Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Julian G. Mapp, MD, MPH; Anthony M. Darrington, MD; Stephen A. Harper, MD, MPH; Chetan U. Kharod, MD, MPH; David A. Miramontes, MD; David A. Wampler, PhD; Prehospital Research and Innovation in Military and Expeditionary Environments (PRIME) Research Group

Preparedness of Pharmaceutical Services in Military Organizations: Learning from an Assessment in Brazil . . . . . 24Tatiana Holanda Pereira de Souza; Elaine Silva Miranda, ScD, MSc

Temporal Trends and Future Predictions of Regional EMS System Utilization Using Statistical Modeling . . . . . . . 32Michael J. Carr, MD; Robert Bauter, MAS, NRP; Philip Shepherd, NRP; Vincent Robbins, FACPE, FACHE; A.J. McKechnie, MPH, CPH; Beatrice Cappuccia, DO; Mark A. Merlin, DO, FACEP, EMT-P

Safety and Efficacy of an On-Site Intensive Treatment Protocol for Mild and Moderate Sympathomimetic Toxicity at Australian Music Festivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Ned Douglas, MB BS, BMedSci, FANZCA; James Carew, BHealthSci (Paramedic); Damian Johnson, MB BS; Madeline Green; Nicholas Wilson, MB BS; Jake Donovan, BHealthSci (Paramedic), PGCertParamedicine (Critical Care), DipImmdMedCare; Tim Mulherin, MB BS; Lachlan Holbery-Morgan, BHealthSci (Paramedic), MB BS; Elyssia Bourke, MB BS, BMedSci; Erin Smith, PhD

Application of the “Plan-Do-Study-Act” Model to Improve Survival after Cardiac Arrest in Korea: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Joo Yeong Kim, MD, PhD; Hanjin Cho, MD, PhD; Jong-Hak Park, MD; Joo-Hyun Song, MD; Sungwoo Moon, MD, PhD; Hongjae Lee, MD; Hyun Ju Yang; Juliana Tolles, MD; Nichole Bosson, MD, MPH; Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD

The Effect of Operator Position on the Quality of Chest Compressions Delivered in a Simulated Ambulance . . . . . 55Scott Mullin, MSc; Sinéad Lydon, PhD; Paul O’Connor, PhD

SYSteMatiC reVieWDefining and Operationalizing Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Marlous LMI Verheul; Michel LA Dückers, PhD

SPeCial rePortSCDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Richard W. Klomp, MOB, MS, LPC, BCPC; Laurie Jones, MS, ND, MPH, NCC, LPC; Emi Watanabe, MPH; William W. Thompson, PhD

February 2020 Prehospital and Disaster medicine

table of Contents

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Prehospital and Disaster medicine vol. 35, no. 1

Real-Time Impact Analysis and Response using a New Disaster Metrics: 2018 Sulawesi (Indonesia) Earthquake and Tsunami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76YingYing Yew, PhD Candidate, RN, MPH; Pedro Arcos González, MD, PhD; Rafael Castro Delgado, MD, PhD

BrieF rePortSComparing Resource Management Skills in a High- versus Low-Resource Simulation Scenario: A Pilot Study . . . . 83Alba Ripoll Gallardo, MD, PhD; Grazia Meneghetti, MD; Jeffrey M. Franc, MD, MSc, FCFP(EM), D Sport Med, MSc DM, EMDM; Alessandro Costa, MD; Luca Ragazzoni, MD, PhD; Moran Bodas, PhD; Vaclav Jordan, MD, MSc DM; Francesco Della Corte, MD

Proposal for Reforming Prehospital Response to Chemical Terrorism Disasters in Japan: Going Back to the Basics of Saving the Lives of the Injured by Securing the Safety of the Rescue Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Hideaki Anan, MD, PhD; Yasuhiro Otomo, MD, PhD; Masato Homma, MD; Kenichi Oshiro, MD; Hisayoshi Kondo, MD, PhD; Fumihiko Shimamura, MD, PhD; Ayako Takahashi, MD; Masahiko Hamada; Atushi Hirabayashi, MD; Yuichi Koido, MD, PhD

Rationale for Military Involvement in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Deon V. Canyon, PhD, DBA, MPH, FACTM; Benjamin J. Ryan, MPH, PhD; Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., MD, MPH, DTM, FAAP, FACEP

Epidemiological and Accounting Analysis of Ground Ambulance Whole Blood Transfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Julian G. Mapp, MD, MBA, MPH; Eric A. Bank, LP, NRP; Lesley A. Osborn, MD; Michael L. String fellow, LP, NRP; David W. Reininger, MD; Christopher J. Winckler, MD; Prehospital Research and Innovation in Military and Expeditionary Environments (PRIME2) Group

Advantage and Limitation of Using a Visual Feedback Device during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training . . . 104Chan Woong Kim, MD, PhD; Je Hyeok Oh, MD, PhD

CaSe rePortSInhaled Epoprostenol to Facilitate Safe Transport in Legionnaires’ Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Corrine Foster, RN, CFRN, CEN, CCRN, C-NPT, EMT; Michael A. Frakes, MS, APRN, FACHE; Erica Puopolo, RN, EMT-P, FP-C; Francis McNulty, RN, CEN, CCRN, CTRN, CFRN, C-NPT, EMT; Mark S. Saia, BS, FP-C, RRT; Mike Hourihan, FP-C; Margaret Flynn, RN, BSN, CCRN, CEN, CFRN, EMT; Susan R. Wilcox, MD

Prehospital External Aortic Compression for Temporizing Exsanguinating Sub-Diaphragmatic Hemorrhage – A Promising Technique, but with Challenges: Four Illustrative Cases, Including Two Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Bruce Richard Paix, MBBS, FANZCA; David John Tingey, BHlthSc(Paramedic), MAdvClinPrac; Grant Copley, BHlthSc(Amb), MPH(Aeromed); Matthew Casson, BNurs, GDipNSc(Cardiac); Damien Shoolbread, BNurs, GradCert Hlth(Critical Care); Hari Davuluru, MBBS, DCH; James Doube, BMBS(Hons), FACRRM; Wade Emmerton, RN, BHS(Paramedic); Ryan Kennedy, BHlthSc(Amb)

ii Table of Contents

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Prehospital and Disaster Medicine editorial board

editor-iN-CHieFSamuel J. Stratton, MD, MPHUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos Angeles, California, USA

eMeritUS editor-iN-CHieFMarvin L. Birnbaum, MD, PhDUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

MaNaGiNG editorEllen Johnson, MS

SeCtioN editorSEmergency Medical ServicesDarren Walter, FRCS(Ed)

FCEM, FIMCUniversity Hospital South

Manchester Manchester, UK

Humanitarian AffairsFrederick M. Burkle, MD,

MPH, DTMHarvard Humanitarian InitiativeHarvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Mass Gathering MedicinePaul Arbon, PhDSchool of Nursing and

MidwiferyFlinders UniversityAdelaide, South Australia

NursingElaine Daily, RN, BSN,

FCCM, FAHAMadison, Wisconsin, USA

OceaniaGraeme McCollChristchurch, New Zealand

PsychosocialGloria Leon, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA

aSSoCiate editorSDavid A. Bradt, MD, MPHRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne, Australia

Wolfgang F. Dick, MD, PhDMainz, Germany

Kimball Maull, MD, FACSDepartment of SurgeryHamad General Hospital

Doha, Qatar

Steven Rottman, MDUniversity of California-Los

AngelesLos Angeles, California, USA

Geert Synaeve, MDBrussels, Belgium

editorial boardBruria Adini, PhDSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel

Carol Amaratunga, PhDSchool of Child and Youth

DevelopmentUniversity of Victoria ResearchAssociation of the Justice

Institute of British ColumbiaVictoria, British Columbia, canada

Frank Archer, MDDepartment of Community

Emergency Health & Paramedic Practice

Monash UniversityMelbourne, Australia

Jeffrey Arnold, MDDepartment of Emergency

MedicineSanta Clara Valley Medical CenterSan Jose, California, USA

Yaron Bar-Dayan, MD, MHAIsraeli Defense Forces Home

Front CommandOr-Yehuda, Israel

Sue Anne Bell, PhD, FNP-BCSchool of NursingUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Tareg Bey, MDSaudi Arabia

Joost Bierens, MD, PhDAmsterdam, The Netherlands

Richard A. Bissell, PhDCenter for Emergency Education

and Disaster ResearchUniversity of Maryland-BaltimoreBaltimore, Maryland, USA

Felipe Cruz-Vega, MDOffice of Social SecurityMexico City, Mexico

Joe Cuthbertson, MPH, MSc, MEH

Disaster Resilience InitiativeMonash UniversityAustralia

Robert A. DeLorenzo, MD, MSM, FACEP

Medical CorpsUnited States ArmySan Antonio, Texas, USA

Claude de Ville de Goyet, MD

Brussels, Belgium

R. Paul Farrell, CD, MB, BCH, BAO, DA, LMCC

Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

Judith Fisher, MDEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK

Erik S. GaullGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA

Michael GundersonAmerican Heart AssociationLakeland, Florida, USA

Pinchas Halpern, MDCritical Care and Emergency

MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel

Keith Holtermann, MDGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA

Mark Johnson, MPAJuneau, Alaska, USA

Mark Keim, MDCenters for Disease Control and

PreventionAtlanta, Georgia, USA

Todd J. LeDuc, EMT-PBroward Sheriff Fire RescueFt. Lauderdale, Florida, USA

Lidia Mayner, PhDSchool of Nursing and

MidwiferyFlinders UniversityAdelaide, South Australia

Andrew Milsten, MD, MS, FACEP

University of MassachusettsEmergency MedicineWorcester, Massachusetts,

USA

Jerry OvertonIAED Emergency Clinical

Advice System & Standards Board

Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Paul Paris, MDCenter for Emergency MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

USA

Lynda Redwood-Campbell, MD, MPH

Department of Family MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton, Ontario, Canada

Edward Ricci, PhDBehavioral and Community

Health SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Leonid Roshal, MDInstitute of PediatricsAcademy of Medical SciencesMoscow, Russia

Don SchrammDisaster Management CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Carl Schultz, MD, FACEPCenter for Disaster Medical

SciencesUniversity of California, IrvineIrvine, California, USA

James M. Shultz, PhDCenter for Disaster & Extreme

Event PreparednessUniversity of MiamiMiami, Florida, USA

Erin Smith, PhD, MPH, MClinEpi

Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, Western Australia

Wayne Smith, BSC, MBChB, EMDM, FCEM(SA)

Division of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa

Caroline Spencer, BA, PhDAccident Research CentreMonash University Melbourne, Australia

Knut Ole Sundnes, MDBaerum HospitalSolo, Norway

Takashi Ukai, MDHyogo Emergency Medical CenterHyogo, Japan

Michael Van Rooyen, MDHarvard Humanitarian Initiative

and Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Richard Zoraster, MD, MPHKaneohe, Hawaii, USA

February 2020 Prehospital and disaster Medicine

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Editorial OfficeWorld Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine,

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Managing EditorEllen Johnson, MS

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Copyright © 2020 by the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms, and contacts are available at: http://www. cambridge.org/rights/permissions/permission.htm.

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Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (Print ISSN 1049-023X; Electronic ISSN 1945-1938) is published bimonthly in the months of February, April, June, August, October, and December for the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine. by Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, 20th floor, New York, NY 10006. Periodicals postage rate paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. PDM incorporates the Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine and the Journal of Prehospital Medicine.

Aims and Scope: The principal mission of Prehospital and Disaster Medicine is the distribution of information relevant to the practice of out-of-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical care, disaster medicine, emergency public health and safety, and disaster mental health and psychosocial support.

Submissions: All manuscripts must be submitted through the Journal’s online submission platform, ScholarOne Manuscripts, at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pdm. Please review the Author Instructions and Author Checklist available online before finalizing a submission. All studies that include human subjects must be submitted for review or exemption to a formal human subjects ethics committee.

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iv information for authors and readers

Prehospital and disaster Medicine Vol. 35, No. 1

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