Vocational Rehabilitation & Ergonomics, Week 9
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Transcript of Vocational Rehabilitation & Ergonomics, Week 9
Vocational Rehabilitation& Ergonomics
University of Social Welfare &Rehabilitation Sciences
(Department of Occupational Therapy)
Week 9
BergRice V. (1998) Ergonomics in Healthcare and Rehabilitation.
Woburn: Butterworth - Heinemann.
Bridger R. (2003) Introduction to Ergonomics (2nd edition). London:
Taylor & Francis.
Karwowski W. (2003) Occupational Ergonomics: Principles of Work
Design. New York: CRC Press.
Moray N. (2005) Ergonomics: Major Writings, The History and Scope of Human Factors. London: Taylor & Francis.
Noyes J. (2001) Designing for Humans. London: Taylor & Francis.
References
45% Coursework25 % Seminar
30% Exam
Total MarkAssessment
Ergonomics
Promotional Tool
CraftEngineering
DisciplineApplied
Psychology
Ergonomics
ScienceTechnologyor ?and
International Ergonomics Association (IEA)• Ergonomics (or Human Factors) is the scientific
discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theoretical principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.
International Standards Organization (ISO)• Ergonomics produces and integrates knowledge from
the human sciences to match jobs, systems, products, and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. In doing so it seeks to safeguard safety, health and well-being whilst optimizing efficiency and performance.
Some Definitions
Prehistory
Machine
s 1750 -
1870
Power
1870 -
1945
New
Age
1945 -
Now
Age of Tools Industrial Revolution
• Textile Industry
• Steam Power• Improving Work Efficiency
• Time & Motion Studies (Taylor, Gilbreths,
etc.)
• Second World War (Complex Military Equipment)
• Transportation & Agriculture
• Decision Making
• Reasoning
• Information Processing
• Human Computer
Interaction
United Kingdom
• Anatomy & Physiology
• Illumination
Engineering
• etc.
United States
• Psychology
• Engineering
• etc.
Germany &
Scandinavia
• Medicine
• Functional Anatomy
• etc.
Eastern Europe
• Industrial Engineering
• etc.
Aesthetics
Comfort
Accessibility
Usability
Performance Management
Health & Safety
Some Ergonomics Concepts
Anatomy
Physiology
Management
StatisticsPsychology
Engineering
Industrial Design
Some Overlapping DisciplinesWith Ergonomics
Physical Ergonomics
Cognitive Ergonomi
cs
Organizational
Ergonomics
Domains of Specialism
Physical Ergonomics
• Fit, Manual Handling, Display-Control, Health & Safety, Product Design, Tools, Workplace Layout, Environment
• US, 2nd World War, Engineering Psychologists aviation accidents, Engineering error instead of Human error. Human Factors (needs, limitations and capabilities) were not considered in design
• Europe , Industries
Cognitive Ergonomics
• Mental workload, Stress, Reaction, Problem Solving, Decision Making
• How people process information
• Software design
• 25% rise in job opportunities
• Artificial Intelligence (Supportive)
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Organizational (Social) Ergonomics
• Attitudes, Motivation, Job and team design, Satisfaction
• Late 1970
• Good Human-Hardware and Human-Software → still poor work system
• Development of macro-ergonomics
• Lower injuries and higher production in different industries all over the world
Systems Ergonomics
• Most successful ergonomics analysis, design and evaluation integrates the physical, cognitive and organizational.