Vocabulary Tokugawa Ieyasu Zen Shogun Daimyo Samurai Bushido SS.2.3.HS.21.

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Vocabulary • Tokugawa Ieyasu • Zen • Shogun • Daimyo • Samurai • Bushido SS.2.3.HS.2 1

Transcript of Vocabulary Tokugawa Ieyasu Zen Shogun Daimyo Samurai Bushido SS.2.3.HS.21.

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Vocabulary

• Tokugawa Ieyasu• Zen• Shogun• Daimyo• Samurai• Bushido

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Japan’s Feudal Age

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Japanese Feudalism Emerges

• Power struggles erupted in Japan– Warrior aristocracy dominated society

• Emperor was head of Japanese feudal society– Powerless – just a figurehead

• Shogun – supreme military commander– Shogunate established in 1192– First of three military dynasties – 700

years

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The World of Warriors

• Shogun distributed land to vassals– Vassals gave military support

in times of need• Shogun (daimyo)– Lesser lords known as

samurai• Means those who serve

– Fighting aristocracy (knights)

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Samurai

• Heavily armed and trained in fighting skills

• Developed their own code of values (bushido)– Honor– Bravery– Absolute loyalty to one’s lord

• If you betrayed bushido, expected to commit ritual suicide rather than live without honor.

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Status of Noblewomen

• Early feudal era- women became warriors and managed family estates.

• Women’s status declined over time.

• Samurai code did not set women on a pedestal– Women were subservient to

men

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Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants

• All ranked below samurai• Peasants– 75% of population– Cultivated rice and other crops– Some served as foot soldiers

• Rare to move up to samurai

• Artisans– Provided necessary goods for samurai class

• Swords, armor, etc.

• Merchants were the lowest class

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Mongol Invasions

• Most fighting took place between rival warlords• Mongols conquered China and Korea– Threatened Japan

• Two invasion attempts were stopped by typhoons• Japanese credited kamikaze winds (divine winds) – Reinforced Japanese sense they enjoyed special

protections from the gods.

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Order and Unity under the Tokugawas

• Kamakura shogunate collapsed after Mongol invasion

• Japan was united under the daimyo Tokugawa – Becoming master of Japan– Ruled Japan until 1868

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Tokugawa Ieyasu

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Centralized Feudalism

• Tokugawa shoguns ended feudal warfare

• Kept the outward forms of feudalism but imposed a central government control on all Japan.

• Great lords were required to live in the capital every other year– Wife and children kept in capital all the

time– Created a powerful check on power

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Centralized Feudalism

• Women faced grater restrictions under the Tokugawas

• Decree “however good looking a wife may be, if she neglects her household duties by drinking tea or sightseeing or rambling the hillside, she must be divorced”

• Freedom was strictly regulated.

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Economic Growth

• Shoguns tried to hold back social change– Economy boomed in spite of it.

• Peace created improved agriculture

• Food surpluses increased population– Cities sprang up around castles– New roads linked castle towns

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Merchants

• Confucian tradition – merchants were of low social status

• Gained influence by lending money to daimyo and samurai

• Improved social status by arranging marriage of daughters into samurai class.

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Zen Buddhism and Japanese Culture

• Zen – emphasized meditation and devotion to duty

• Zen monks – contradictory traditions– Great scholars– Stressed importance of ‘non-

knowing’• Stressed compassion for all –

yet samurai fought to kill all

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Questions

• What groups or individuals held the most power in feudal Japan?

• What values did the bushido emphasize?• Describe three results of the centralized

feudalism imposed by the Tokugawas.