Name _______________________

Major Concepts/Skills: Diversity of living organisms Dichotomous key/classify (6 Kingdoms) Structure and function of cells Tissues, organs, and organ systems Purpose of major human body organ

systems Heredity, genes, and successive generations Ecosystems Cycling of matter and energy Biological evolution Natural selection and fossil record

Concepts/Skills to Maintain:

Characteristics of Science

Records investigations clearly and accurately

Uses hypotheses

Uses technology

Uses safety techniques

Uses scientific tools

Writes clearly

Organizes data into graphs/tables/charts

Interprets graphs/tables/charts

Asks quality questions

Analyzes/organizes scientific data via

calculations and inference

Recognizes the importance of explaining data

with precision and accuracy

Content Specific Vocabulary:

Dichotomous Key Desert Cell Taiga

Tissue Tundra Organ Mountain

Organ System Freshwater Organism Estuary Cell Membrane Marine

Nucleus Evolution Cytoplasm Offspring Chloroplast Species

Mitochondria Natural Selection Nutrient Fossil Record

Gene Sedimentary Rock Chromosome Savanna Tropical Rain Forest Trait

Inherit (Inheritance) Competition Sexual Reproduction Environment Asexual Reproduction Food Web

Producer Darwin Consumer Mimicry

Decomposer Camouflage Selective Breeding Venom Predator/Prey Commensalism

Parasitism Mutualism

Vocabulary to Know

General Use Vocabulary:

Draw conclusion Mean Classify Median Inference Mode Most likely Clarity Purpose of Accuracy Advantage Interpret Best describes Meter Best estimate Liter Classifications Gram Data Precision Decrease/Increase Bias Effect Infer Gradual Item Life cycles Recycle Probability Minerals What effect Theory Hypothesis Predict Insufficient Evidence Significant

Characteristics of Science Read the following experiment to answer questions #1-4.

Jane finished a book report on plants. She knew that plants grew best in an environment full

of light and much water. To prove what she had learned Jane wanted to test the growth of

plants according to different biomes. She planted 10 bean plant seeds in each of the 6

different land biomes. Each bean plant seed was planted 8 centimeters from the surface and

equally spaced from each other. For 10 days she and her experiment partners would record

the height of the plants at the same time of the day.

1. Name the controlled variable(s): ______________________________________________ 2. Name the manipulated variable(s): ____________________________________________ 3. Name the responding variable(s): _____________________________________________ 4. Write a hypothesis using the above experiment. _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Using the above statement pick out the following types of observations for #5-6. Jane studied the growth of plants in different biomes. She noticed that the plants in the wet

tropical rainforest environment on average grew to be 10 meters long and had many green

leaves on there stem. When she observed the plants from the dry desert environment she

noticed that the plants on average grew only ½ meter tall and had only a few leaves that

were brownish yellow in color on there stem.

5. Quantitative observations: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. Qualitative observations: ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

7. What tool & unit is used to measure temperature? _______________ _______________ 8. What tool & unit is used to measure volume? ___________________ _______________ 9. What tool & unit is used to measure mass? _____________________ _______________ 10. What tool & unit is used to measure length? ___________________ _______________ 11. List the metric unit most appropriate to measure the following items:

a) mass of a student __________________________

b) length of a small insect __________________________

c) volume of a soft drink can __________________________ 12. Convert the following

a) 43.3 m = _____________ cm d) .25 = ______________ %

b) 1.29 L = _____________ KL e) .8 = ______________ %

c) .034 cg = _____________ mg f) 1/3 is what decimal? _________ 13. Read the six statements below. Write what step of the scientific method each statement represents. Parts of the Scientific Process: Problem, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Results,

Conclusion ________________________ Search the library for information on water temperature

and fish survival.

________________________ Do fish react to water temperature?

________________________ If fish are put in water of 67˚C, then they will die within 30 days.

________________________ Take two groups of equal number of fish and put them in two tanks of the same size and the same kind of water, but different temperatures. Observe their behavior.

________________________ My hypothesis was correct because the fish in 67˚C water died within 30 days.

________________________ Fish in 67˚C water died within 30 days.

Read the passage and answer the questions below. A researcher wants to determine if a certain type of energy drink makes athletes run faster.

The researcher will time the athletes in a 40-yard dash before and after drinking the energy

drink. The researcher gives the drink to 3 basketball players, 3 football players, 2 baseball

players and 2 tennis players, for a total of 10 athletes. When he times the athletes, he finds

that 6 of the 10 athletes run faster in the second 40-yard dash. The researcher reports to

the drink company that the energy drink makes most athletes run faster.

14a) What was the hypothesis being tested by this researcher? 14b) The researcher reported that the energy drink makes most athletes run faster. Is

that an accurate claim for the researcher to make? Give two (2) reasons why the claim is or is not accurate.

14c) What might be the next step for this researcher, if he wanted to strengthen his claim that the energy drink makes most athletes run faster?

Read the passage and answer the questions below.

A gardener wants to find out what type of fertilizer grows the largest tomatoes. She plants 4

tomato plants in the same size container, gives them the same amount of water, and each

plant receives the same amount of light each day. Each of the 3 containers has a different

type of fertilizer and the fourth gets no fertilizer. After 4 weeks, the tomatoes are ready to

be picked. The gardener finds the mass of each tomato from each container.

Brand A container: 200g, 219g, 217g, and 130g

Brand B container: 122g, 110g, 145g, and 111g

Brand C container: 167g, 214g, 220g, and 143g

No fertilizer container: 98g, 123g, 130g, and 102g

15a) What is a possible hypothesis that the gardener could have for this experiment? 15b) Find the average mass of the tomatoes grown in each container.

15c) Create a data table for the individual tomato masses AND the average mass. (Note: 1 table with all the data)

15d) Create a bar graph that displays the AVERAGE mass of a tomato from each plant

15e) What is a possible conclusion the gardener can make, based on the data from her experiment?

Ecology

1. What is an autotroph?_______________________________________________________ 2. What is a heterotroph?______________________________________________________ Use the diagram to the right to answer questions #3-11.

4. Write out the food chain in words below: 5. Name the producer(s) _________________ & the consumer(s) ____________________. 6. Label the herbivore(s) and carnivore(s) on the food chain. 7. Are there any omnivores? Why or why not? 8. Name the predator(s)____________________ and the prey(s) _____________________. 9. Name the decomposer(s): ________________________. 10. Do all organisms get the same amount of energy? Why or why not? 11. Create a food energy pyramid using the organisms from the food chain above.

Green Plant

Mouse

Cat

Mushrooms

3. Where do all the organisms get their energy from?

________________________

Match the Biomes with the following Characteristics: Taiga Tundra Freshwater Temperate Deciduous Forest Savanna Marine Estuary Tropical Rainforest Desert

Biome Characteristics

12. Found in regions close to the equator. Receive a lot of rain & warm temperatures throughout the year with constant sunlight. Many diverse animals & tall trees form a canopy.

13. Receives less than 25 cm. of rain per year. Very dry and warm climate. Animals & plants store water to adapt to the lack of rain. Animals are active at night & plants have a thick & waxy covering.

14. Sometimes called a prairie, the temperature here is comfortable because it is located in the middle latitudes. Receives 25-75 cm. of rain per year, not enough for trees to grow. Typically populated by grasses & home of the largest animals such as bison, antelopes, giraffes, & rhinoceros.

15.

Lots of trees that shed their leaves & grow new ones each year are found here. Receives 50 cm. of rain per year, enough to support the growth of trees & plants. Temperatures vary during the year with all the seasons. Many birds, opossums, bears, & porcupines are found here & may migrate or hibernate in the winter. Found in the eastern part of the United States.

16.

Here in northern Canada you will find many trees that have needle like leaves & produce seeds in cones such as pine, fir, & spruce trees. Winters are very cold with much snow & summers are warm enough to melt the snow and bring much rain. Trees have a waxy covering, a necessary adaptation to keep water from evaporating since much of the year the water is frozen. Many herbivores live here such as deer, elk, moose, & beavers that attract large predators such as wolves, bears, & lynxes.

17.

Most animals here have gills to take in oxygen & fins to swim. Consist of still (ponds & lakes) and running (streams & rivers) water. Algae out numbers plants because they can float & don’t need to be rooted.

18.

Largest of all biomes because it covers 70% of the earth’s surface. Many animals that are adapted to live in saltwater live here.

19.

Extremely cold & dry biome located in the artic regions. Receives little precipitation like the desert but here most of the soil is permanently frozen. No trees grow here because of the permafrost not allowing for roots to grow. The top layer of soil thaws for grass to grow. Herbivores graze on the grass or lichen & have thick fur to withstand the freezing climate.

20. This is a very productive, very diverse, and wet biome. It is the place where a river meets the ocean, producing a salt/fresh water mix. Large amounts of nutrients carried by the river and lots of sunlight make it a good habitat. Producers include marsh grass and algae. Consumers include crabs, worms, clams, oysters, and fish. Used as a breeding ground by many ocean animals.

21. Name an adaptation that enables the musk ox to survive in its environment. Musk Ox

22. If the climate changed to become much warmer in the environment where the musk ox lived, how might this affect the musk ox?

23. Name an adaptation that enables the tiger to survive in its environment. 24. What are the three ways that organisms can interact in an ecosystem? List all three, then give an example of each type of interaction

a) _____________________________, example:

b) _____________________________, example:

c) _____________________________, example: (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism)

Cell Processes & Cell Organelles

Describe the following cell processes and explain which cell(s) performs the process.

1. Photosynthesis ____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cellular Respiration _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Describe the following types of cell reproduction.

3. Binary fission: _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

4. Fertilization: ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Use the picture to the right to answer questions

#23-24.

5. List the levels of organization of life, starting with cells: cells _____________________________________________________organism_ 6. Name the cell then label the organelles on the picture below. Then state the function of each organelle under the label.

Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondria

Human Body Use the following statement to answer questions #1-3.

The students begin to get up out of their chairs after they hear the bell ring.

1. Identify the stimulus: ______________________________________________________ 2. Identify the response: ______________________________________________________ 3. What organ system allows the students to react? _________________________________ 4. What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies in the immune system?

Cell

ER

Ribosomes

Vacuole

Green

5. Fill out the table below on human body systems

Body System Function

Circulatory

Digestive

Endocrine

Excretory

Immune

Muscular

Nervous

Reproductive

Respiratory

Skeletal

Skin

6. Explain how the following organ systems work together.

Digestive & Excretory

Respiratory & Circulatory

Digestive & Circulatory

Respiratory & Excretory

7. Pasteurization & vaccinations both help the immune system in what way?

Genetics

1. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). Cross a heterozygous (hybrid) black guinea pig with a homozygous (purebred) white guinea pig. Complete a Punnett square, identify the genotype(s), phenotype(s), and probability (% and fraction) of each occurrence. 2. ____________________________ _________________________ is the method of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. What are 3 examples of ways that humans use this process to increase the value of a plant or animal for humans?

Classification: Complete the table below. Amoeba (Protist) Dog (Animal) Fern (Plant) Mushroom (Fungus) Ancient Bacteria (Archaebacteria) E. coli (Eubacteria)

Organism Nucleus

Yes/no

Cell Wall

Yes/no

Autotrophic or

Heterotrophic

Unicellular or

Multicellular

Habitat

Type of Reproduction

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Kingdoms of Life Dichotomous Key

1a) Organism lacks a nucleus (prokaryote) Go to Step 2

1b) Organism has a nucleus (eukaryote) Go to Step 3

2a) Found in extreme environments, such as thermal vents Archaebacteria

2b) Found in almost every environment Eubacteria

3a) All members are heterotrophic Go to Step 4

3b) Some members autotrophic, some heterotrophic or all autotrophic Go to Step 5

4a) Has a cell wall Fungi

4b) Lacks a cell wall Animal

5a) Multicellular Plant

5b) Single Celled Protist

A. You find an organism that is a multicellular heterotroph, which lacks cell walls, but has a nucleus in its cells. This organism belongs to the kingdom _______________________________

B. An organism with no nucleus is discovered living in high temperature hot springs. It most likely belongs to the kingdom __________________________________.

Evolution 1. In Manchester, England the Peppered Moth come in both gray and black varieties. Under normal

conditions, the moths are mostly grey, allowing them to blend into the tree bark of their habitat. Using the concept of natural selection, explain what happened to the grey peppered moth population after the Industrial Revolution occurred in Manchester.

2. What are the four parts of natural selection?

a) ___________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________

c) ___________________________________________________

d) ___________________________________________________

3. Animals have many adaptations for survival. Describe each adaptation below, and explain how it could help an organism better survive in its environment.

a) camouflage b) mimicry

c) venom

4. Natural selection leads organisms to become adapted to their environment over time. Using natural selection, explain how the giraffe most likely came to have such a long neck.

5. In the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin found many different species of finches (a type of bird) that seemed closely related. He proposed that the birds had all evolved from a common ancestor. Match the bird beaks below to the most likely food source.

6. Each of the 5 different finch species shown above are evolutionary descendents of one species of finch that is extinct. Explain how the five finches pictured above most likely came to have different beaks.

Use the diagram below to answer questions #7-9.

7. In what type of rock are fossils usually found?

8. If the bones in layer A are closest to the surface, which layer of fossils is most likely the oldest?

9. A fossil for an extinct organism is found in layer B. A fossil for another extinct

organism, very similar to the first, is found in layer C. What might be the relationship between these two organisms?

A

B

C

D

E