Vocabulary Review Ch 15 – Theory of Evolution. A heritable change in the characteristics within a...
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Transcript of Vocabulary Review Ch 15 – Theory of Evolution. A heritable change in the characteristics within a...
Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Ch 15 – Theory Ch 15 – Theory of Evolutionof Evolution
A heritable change in the characteristics within a population
from one generation to the next; the
development of new types of organisms
from preexisting types of organisms over time
Evolution
Layers of rock
Strata
The process by which individuals that are
better adapted to their environment survive and
reproduce more successfully than less
well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain
the mechanism of evolutionNatural Selection
The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an
anatomical, physiological, or
behavioral trait that improves an
organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptation
In evolutionary theory, a measure of an individual’s
hereditary contribution to the
next generation
Fitness
The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly
preserved in sedimentary rock
Fossil
A principle that states that
younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have
not been disturbed
Superposition
The age of an object in relation
to the ages of other objects
Relative age
The numeric age of an object or event, often stated in years before
the present, as established by an absolute-dating process, such as
radiometric dating
Absolute age
The study of the geographical
distribution of living organisms
and fossils on Earth
Biogeography
Anatomical structures in one species that,
compared to other anatomical structures in
another species, originated from a single anatomical structure in a
common ancestor of the two species
Homologous structure
An anatomical structure in one species that is
similar in function and appearance, but not in evolutionary origin, to
another anatomical structure in another
speciesAnalogous structure
A structure in an organism that is
reduced in size and function and that may have been complete and functional in the organism’s ancestors
Vestigial structure
The evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group; the relationships by
ancestry among species or taxonomic
groups
Phylogeny
The process by which unrelated species become more similar as
they adapt to the same kind of environmentConvergent evolution
The process by which two or more
related but reproductively
isolated populations
become more and more dissimilarDivergent
evolution
An evolutionary pattern in which
many species evolve from a
single ancestral species
Adaptive radiation
The selective breeding of
organisms (by humans) for
specific desirable characteristics
Artificial selection
The evolution of two or more species that
is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more
mutually beneficial
Coevolution